Article(id=1321170322796171506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020114, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921151112, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921151112, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921151112, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921151112, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=321, endPage=330, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170323010081011, articleId=1321170322796171506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Raw Material Selection of Appropriative Wheat Flour for Dried Noodles with Low Starch Digestion, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to fill consumers' growing demands for healthy dried noodles and promote the high-quality development of the wheat flour industry, 16 types of wheat flours nationwide were selected as research subjects, 40 quality indicators were evaluated from three dimensions, including nutrition, processing and edible quality. The dried noodles produced with these wheat flour samples were further digested using an in vitro dynamic simulation digestion system, and then the key indicators and their value ranges of wheat flour that suitable for producing digestion-resistant noodles were identified through correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. Results showed that the variation coefficients of quality indicators of these wheat flour samples ranged from 1.13% to 227.90%, indicating their more representative. According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the key indicators of wheat flour for dried noodles with resistant starch digestion were identified as B-starch content, ash content, flour particle size (10xx/11xx), dough development time, peak viscosity, and gelatinization enthalpy. Meanwhile the reference ranges for these key indicators were provided by cluster analysis, which were B-starch content of 10.15%~16.91%, ash content of 0.42%~0.73%, the mass ratio of flour with particle size (10xx/11xx) that was 6.06%~26.20%, dough development time of 4.20~15.00 minutes, peak viscosity of 1492.00~2697.00 cP, and gelatinization enthalpy of 1.34~2.85 J/g. This study can provide a theoretical reference for predicting the resistant-digestion quality of wheat flour for dried noodles and for developing nutritious and functional noodle products.

, authors=Le TONG, Binghua SUN, Haowen LU, Suqi LU, Xiaoxi WANG*, authorsList=Le TONG, Binghua SUN, Haowen LU, Suqi LU, Xiaoxi WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoxi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170325849624828, articleId=1321170322796171506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料选择研究, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为满足消费者对挂面日益增长的健康化需求,促进专用小麦粉产业高质量发展,选取全国范围内16种挂面专用小麦粉为研究对象,对其营养、加工和食用品质3个维度共40项品质指标进行测定,采用体外动态模拟消化系统对所制作挂面进行消化,借助相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析得到耐消化挂面专用小麦粉的关键指标及其推荐取值范围。结果表明,16种挂面专用粉的品质指标变异系数范围为1.13%~227.90%,具有代表性;相关性分析和主成分分析结合变异系数筛选出耐消化挂面专用小麦粉的关键指标为B淀粉、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间、峰值黏度和糊化焓值,聚类分析得到适合作为耐消化挂面专用粉的关键指标参考取值范围:B淀粉含量10.15%~16.91%、灰分含量0.42%~0.73%、粗细度10xx/11xx质量占比6.06%~26.20%、面团形成时间4.20~15.00 min、峰值黏度1492.00~2697.00 cP、糊化焓值1.34~2.85 J/g。本研究可为挂面专用粉耐消化性品质的预测以及营养功能性挂面的开发提供理论参考。

, authors=佟乐, 孙冰华, 鲁浩文, 卢苏琪, 王晓曦*, authorsList=佟乐, 孙冰华, 鲁浩文, 卢苏琪, 王晓曦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王晓曦, authorNote=

佟乐(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王晓曦(1963−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=A+7qzM3RQx4pSs33WqM9OQ==, magXml=Gl+NSunWcuAXiMpGqpwHow==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TvEsfQv4K7jmmOJqRqXfbg==, pdfFileSize=1742135, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Uhg7nZMjYly/Ha/lSNQpLA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=o6xqMPzOwBcylXC2IJhEIg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170326441021697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15265498032@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170326529102083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, authorId=1321170326441021697, language=EN, stringName=Le TONG, firstName=Le, middleName=null, lastName=TONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1321170326608793860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, authorId=1321170326441021697, language=CN, stringName=佟乐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001, bio={"content":"

佟乐(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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佟乐(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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Food and Fermentation Industries, 2007(8): 48−51.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170339015545196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HONG Y, GU Z B. The study of starch properties and the digestibility of starch-noodle[J]. 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Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2023, 38(2): 187−194.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170339170734446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA S Y, WANG X X, TIAN X L, et al. Research status of influence mechanism of milling on nutritional quality of wheat flour[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2023, 38(2): 187−194., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170339250426223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU H, LIU C, SHANG J, et al. Effect of adding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farina with varied integrity of endosperm cell wall on dough characteristics, dried noodles quality and starch digestibility[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 243: 125076., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170339334312304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO M, LI M, DHITAL S, et al. Texture and digestion of noodles with varied gluten contents and cooking time: The view from protein matrix and inner structure[J]. Food Chemistry, 2020, 315: 126230., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170339405615473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG S, COPELAND L. Molecular disassembly of starch granules during gelatinization and its effect on starch digestibility: A review[J]. Food & Function, 2013, 4(11): 1564−1580., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170339472724338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BALET S, GUELPA A, FOX G, et al. Rapid visco analyser (RVA) as a tool for measuring starch-related physiochemical properties in cereals: A review[J]. 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Food Hydrocolloids, 2018, 82: 370−378., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170326327775485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170326336164094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, companyId=1321170326327775485, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170326344552703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, companyId=1321170326327775485, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170328445899043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ash content and wet gluten content of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles, figureFileSmall=LvaoDG1Vablx9T00E8ehQA==, figureFileBig=Uhg7nZMjYly/Ha/lSNQpLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330085871908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=图1, caption=16种挂面小麦粉灰分和湿面筋含量

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);图2同。

, figureFileSmall=LvaoDG1Vablx9T00E8ehQA==, figureFileBig=Uhg7nZMjYly/Ha/lSNQpLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330291392805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Starch hydrolysis rate of 16 types of dried noodles at 120 min and 240 min digestion time, figureFileSmall=aoAMAh1eVCt9Mv+UtN18fQ==, figureFileBig=MvcxVto7Kn5U5EROAOHvAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330354307366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=图2, caption=16种挂面消化120 min和240 min时的淀粉水解率, figureFileSmall=aoAMAh1eVCt9Mv+UtN18fQ==, figureFileBig=MvcxVto7Kn5U5EROAOHvAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330417221927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Principal component analysis lithotripsy, figureFileSmall=wv3q9jg/qrPoUJhMxnuNKg==, figureFileBig=nDzh1EefgslWMnyxBYOPUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330484330792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=图3, caption=主成分分析碎石图, figureFileSmall=wv3q9jg/qrPoUJhMxnuNKg==, figureFileBig=nDzh1EefgslWMnyxBYOPUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330551439657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Dendrogram of cluster analysis for 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles, figureFileSmall=pi8ETbWLMyvOEZXR+BLZ7g==, figureFileBig=imCmCgCBxDE7DSmZ5V8quQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330639520042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=图4, caption=16种挂面专用小麦粉聚类分析树状图, figureFileSmall=pi8ETbWLMyvOEZXR+BLZ7g==, figureFileBig=imCmCgCBxDE7DSmZ5V8quQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170330719211819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sixteen varieties of wheat flour for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号挂面粉样品编号挂面粉样品
F1内蒙1号F9河南2号
F2新疆1号F10河北1号
F3辽宁1号F11山东2号
F4四川1号F12江苏1号
F5广东1号F13河南3号
F6浙江1号F14山东3号
F7河南1号F15河南4号
F8山东1号F16河南5号
), ArticleFig(id=1321170330794709292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

16个挂面专用小麦粉样品

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号挂面粉样品编号挂面粉样品
F1内蒙1号F9河南2号
F2新疆1号F10河北1号
F3辽宁1号F11山东2号
F4四川1号F12江苏1号
F5广东1号F13河南3号
F6浙江1号F14山东3号
F7河南1号F15河南4号
F8山东1号F16河南5号
), ArticleFig(id=1321170330866012461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Nutritional indicators of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
总淀粉
(%)
直链淀粉
(%)
损伤淀粉
(%)
B淀粉
(%)
脂肪
(%)
蛋白质
(%)
TAA
(g/100 g)
膳食纤维
(%)
B族维生素
VB1
(mg/100 g)
VB2
(mg/100 g)
VB3
(μg/100 g)
VB5
(mg/100 g)
F179.22±0.21c23.65±3.37cd5.72±0.11c16.93±0.74abcd1.31±0.06b12.07±0.00g12.44±0.02d2.03±0.10bc−−172.57±1.98l0.32±0.00k
F275.87±0.15def27.99±0.30bc6.08±0.07b17.62±1.82abc1.03±0.30b14.01±0.06b13.95±0.01a3.22±1.51a0.27±0.00−185.39±0.00j0.36±0.00h
F376.27±0.35cdef33.91±1.13a6.09±0.02b10.15±0.89g1.57±0.12ab13.49±0.02c12.97±0.01b2.48±0.36b0.19±0.00−389.26±0.00a0.43±0.00c
F475.92±0.06def27.71±0.76bc5.17±0.03e16.92±2.04abcd1.45±0.30ab11.79±0.08h11.94±0.02f1.80±0.04bc−−330.14±0.00b0.42±0.00d
F574.47±0.12f27.30±1.02bcd5.65±0.06c16.40±1.53abcde1.29±0.60b12.91±0.01d12.55±0.01c1.71±0.04bc−−191.05±0.00g0.24±0.00n
F676.76±0.57cdef26.57±3.25bcd6.54±0.06a19.15±2.28ab1.02±0.14b11.08±0.04j10.74±0.01k1.79±0.12bc−−179.30±0.00k0.35±0.00i
F778.39±0.10cde24.93±0.66cd5.69±0.08c18.72±1.03ab1.43±0.30ab11.45±0.02i11.34±0.01h1.52±0.12bc−−127.23±0.00p0.40±0.00f
F878.64±0.06cd27.91±0.30bc6.15±0.02b16.91±0.65abcd0.91±0.01b12.71±0.17e12.08±0.03e1.55±0.07bc−−141.43±0.00n0.35±0.00i
F976.84±0.12cdef22.94±0.61cd5.62±0.04c13.77±2.01cdef1.08±0.30b12.46±0.04f11.57±0.02g1.85±0.04bc0.10±0.00−245.25±0.00e0.51±0.00a
F1077.01±0.07cdef23.77±5.26cd6.09±0.11b12.40±2.55ef2.05±0.51a11.30±0.10i10.21±0.04l1.67±0.15bc−−144.70±0.00m0.38±0.00g
F1175.30±0.06f24.71±0.85cd6.59±0.13a19.78±2.47a1.02±0.17b11.39±0.03i10.09±0.02m1.78±0.18bc−−190.73±1.98h0.41±0.00e
F1276.62±0.54cdef27.09±2.82bcd6.57±0.04a16.34±1.53abcde0.97±0.32b12.73±0.03e12.16±0.00e2.01±0.08bc0.12±0.00−254.35±0.00d0.42±0.00d
F1375.32±0.04ef28.60±1.26bc5.37±0.06d18.67±2.19ab1.16±0.35b11.78±0.00h10.99±0.00i1.69±0.14bc−−189.04±0.00i0.30±0.00l
F1482.18±0.08b31.30±0.23b5.65±0.16c13.46±1.24def1.33±0.02b14.17±0.06a11.61±0.01f1.58±0.06bc−−291.35±0.00c0.34±0.00j
F1585.12±0.12a21.99±0.76d6.69±0.01a18.04±1.12ab1.58±0.16ab12.06±0.03g11.24±0.02g1.40±0.04c−−137.24±0.00o0.28±0.00m
F1682.24±0.12b26.04±0.86bcd6.00±0.05b15.45±1.64bcde1.15±0.31b12.98±0.06d10.70±0.00j2.26±0.20bc−−199.76±0.00f0.46±0.00b
变异系
数(%)
4.7426.847.6416.6123.577.678.8139.16227.90−35.0618.69
), ArticleFig(id=1321170330958287150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

16种挂面小麦粉营养品质指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
总淀粉
(%)
直链淀粉
(%)
损伤淀粉
(%)
B淀粉
(%)
脂肪
(%)
蛋白质
(%)
TAA
(g/100 g)
膳食纤维
(%)
B族维生素
VB1
(mg/100 g)
VB2
(mg/100 g)
VB3
(μg/100 g)
VB5
(mg/100 g)
F179.22±0.21c23.65±3.37cd5.72±0.11c16.93±0.74abcd1.31±0.06b12.07±0.00g12.44±0.02d2.03±0.10bc−−172.57±1.98l0.32±0.00k
F275.87±0.15def27.99±0.30bc6.08±0.07b17.62±1.82abc1.03±0.30b14.01±0.06b13.95±0.01a3.22±1.51a0.27±0.00−185.39±0.00j0.36±0.00h
F376.27±0.35cdef33.91±1.13a6.09±0.02b10.15±0.89g1.57±0.12ab13.49±0.02c12.97±0.01b2.48±0.36b0.19±0.00−389.26±0.00a0.43±0.00c
F475.92±0.06def27.71±0.76bc5.17±0.03e16.92±2.04abcd1.45±0.30ab11.79±0.08h11.94±0.02f1.80±0.04bc−−330.14±0.00b0.42±0.00d
F574.47±0.12f27.30±1.02bcd5.65±0.06c16.40±1.53abcde1.29±0.60b12.91±0.01d12.55±0.01c1.71±0.04bc−−191.05±0.00g0.24±0.00n
F676.76±0.57cdef26.57±3.25bcd6.54±0.06a19.15±2.28ab1.02±0.14b11.08±0.04j10.74±0.01k1.79±0.12bc−−179.30±0.00k0.35±0.00i
F778.39±0.10cde24.93±0.66cd5.69±0.08c18.72±1.03ab1.43±0.30ab11.45±0.02i11.34±0.01h1.52±0.12bc−−127.23±0.00p0.40±0.00f
F878.64±0.06cd27.91±0.30bc6.15±0.02b16.91±0.65abcd0.91±0.01b12.71±0.17e12.08±0.03e1.55±0.07bc−−141.43±0.00n0.35±0.00i
F976.84±0.12cdef22.94±0.61cd5.62±0.04c13.77±2.01cdef1.08±0.30b12.46±0.04f11.57±0.02g1.85±0.04bc0.10±0.00−245.25±0.00e0.51±0.00a
F1077.01±0.07cdef23.77±5.26cd6.09±0.11b12.40±2.55ef2.05±0.51a11.30±0.10i10.21±0.04l1.67±0.15bc−−144.70±0.00m0.38±0.00g
F1175.30±0.06f24.71±0.85cd6.59±0.13a19.78±2.47a1.02±0.17b11.39±0.03i10.09±0.02m1.78±0.18bc−−190.73±1.98h0.41±0.00e
F1276.62±0.54cdef27.09±2.82bcd6.57±0.04a16.34±1.53abcde0.97±0.32b12.73±0.03e12.16±0.00e2.01±0.08bc0.12±0.00−254.35±0.00d0.42±0.00d
F1375.32±0.04ef28.60±1.26bc5.37±0.06d18.67±2.19ab1.16±0.35b11.78±0.00h10.99±0.00i1.69±0.14bc−−189.04±0.00i0.30±0.00l
F1482.18±0.08b31.30±0.23b5.65±0.16c13.46±1.24def1.33±0.02b14.17±0.06a11.61±0.01f1.58±0.06bc−−291.35±0.00c0.34±0.00j
F1585.12±0.12a21.99±0.76d6.69±0.01a18.04±1.12ab1.58±0.16ab12.06±0.03g11.24±0.02g1.40±0.04c−−137.24±0.00o0.28±0.00m
F1682.24±0.12b26.04±0.86bcd6.00±0.05b15.45±1.64bcde1.15±0.31b12.98±0.06d10.70±0.00j2.26±0.20bc−−199.76±0.00f0.46±0.00b
变异系
数(%)
4.7426.847.6416.6123.577.678.8139.16227.90−35.0618.69
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331046367535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fineness degree of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号粗细度分布(%)
-/9xx9xx/10xx10xx/11xx11xx/12xx12xx/13xx13xx/14xx14xx/15xx15xx/-
F10.22±1.35o2.52±1.22n2.36±1.53n3.94±1.11p19.38±1.39h51.58±1.20a11.58±0.96f0.11±1.03l
F21.77±1.45e9.30±1.40c4.74±2.00j10.23±1.40l6.88±1.13n7.94±1.07m7.79±0.20h48.52±2.00b
F32.91±2.31b6.83±1.00e9.48±1.53f6.67±0.96n7.28±1.04m27.45±0.83g3.09±2.02l32.95±1.14c
F42.95±1.30a5.84±1.25g3.40±1.00l10.93±0.95k14.50±0.61k29.07±1.34e17.71±1.33b8.90±1.80d
F51.23±1.51k5.63±1.08i10.36±2.31e15.08±1.32g45.61±2.55a13.17±2.88k1.65±3.26m0.41±2.31j
F62.89±1.40b8.62±1.40d3.55±2.00k15.02±1.30h12.11±1.64l27.52±1.49f17.51±0.16c8.66±1.66e
F70.99±2.50l6.52±2.30f3.42±2.00l19.32±1.70c15.77±1.47j34.27±1.98c12.73±0.90d1.63±1.73i
F82.27±0.40d15.93±1.75a14.13±2.52d15.85±1.55f38.71±1.03b9.40±2.20l0.01±0.45n0.01±0.58m
F90.96±1.45m11.18±1.56b15.16±2.00c17.09±1.40e26.88±1.82e16.56±0.73j6.07±0.45j2.40±0.94g
F101.35±0.79j4.09±3.03l6.06±8.74h11.89±3.80j26.79±0.65f34.23±1.63d8.12±0.60g3.55±1.74f
F111.68±0.25g3.84±1.27m30.58±1.00a18.46±0.95d31.25±1.53c9.42±0.84l0.01±0.29n0.01±0.11m
F122.33±0.55c5.29±2.15i3.36±2.52m4.52±1.76o3.08±2.19o5.08±1.28n11.75±0.79e63.26±1.52a
F131.74±1.40f5.16±1.91j5.91±2.08i25.32±1.54b28.11±0.89d23.88±1.79h5.94±0.11k1.69±2.08h
F141.48±1.55h5.13±1.60k26.20±2.08b32.94±1.56a26.30±0.74g4.31±1.25o0.01±0.35n0.01±0.07m
F151.38±0.50i5.73±1.60h1.82±2.08o7.65±1.40m19.16±2.28i22.11±2.43i35.52±0.43a2.41±2.08g
F160.88±1.65n2.40±2.41o9.42±2.52g13.61±1.90i15.76±1.24j43.84±0.48b7.03±0.04i0.34±1.52k
变异系数(%)47.3054.7890.6253.0955.5762.7199.12178.64
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331134447920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

16种挂面小麦粉粗细度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号粗细度分布(%)
-/9xx9xx/10xx10xx/11xx11xx/12xx12xx/13xx13xx/14xx14xx/15xx15xx/-
F10.22±1.35o2.52±1.22n2.36±1.53n3.94±1.11p19.38±1.39h51.58±1.20a11.58±0.96f0.11±1.03l
F21.77±1.45e9.30±1.40c4.74±2.00j10.23±1.40l6.88±1.13n7.94±1.07m7.79±0.20h48.52±2.00b
F32.91±2.31b6.83±1.00e9.48±1.53f6.67±0.96n7.28±1.04m27.45±0.83g3.09±2.02l32.95±1.14c
F42.95±1.30a5.84±1.25g3.40±1.00l10.93±0.95k14.50±0.61k29.07±1.34e17.71±1.33b8.90±1.80d
F51.23±1.51k5.63±1.08i10.36±2.31e15.08±1.32g45.61±2.55a13.17±2.88k1.65±3.26m0.41±2.31j
F62.89±1.40b8.62±1.40d3.55±2.00k15.02±1.30h12.11±1.64l27.52±1.49f17.51±0.16c8.66±1.66e
F70.99±2.50l6.52±2.30f3.42±2.00l19.32±1.70c15.77±1.47j34.27±1.98c12.73±0.90d1.63±1.73i
F82.27±0.40d15.93±1.75a14.13±2.52d15.85±1.55f38.71±1.03b9.40±2.20l0.01±0.45n0.01±0.58m
F90.96±1.45m11.18±1.56b15.16±2.00c17.09±1.40e26.88±1.82e16.56±0.73j6.07±0.45j2.40±0.94g
F101.35±0.79j4.09±3.03l6.06±8.74h11.89±3.80j26.79±0.65f34.23±1.63d8.12±0.60g3.55±1.74f
F111.68±0.25g3.84±1.27m30.58±1.00a18.46±0.95d31.25±1.53c9.42±0.84l0.01±0.29n0.01±0.11m
F122.33±0.55c5.29±2.15i3.36±2.52m4.52±1.76o3.08±2.19o5.08±1.28n11.75±0.79e63.26±1.52a
F131.74±1.40f5.16±1.91j5.91±2.08i25.32±1.54b28.11±0.89d23.88±1.79h5.94±0.11k1.69±2.08h
F141.48±1.55h5.13±1.60k26.20±2.08b32.94±1.56a26.30±0.74g4.31±1.25o0.01±0.35n0.01±0.07m
F151.38±0.50i5.73±1.60h1.82±2.08o7.65±1.40m19.16±2.28i22.11±2.43i35.52±0.43a2.41±2.08g
F160.88±1.65n2.40±2.41o9.42±2.52g13.61±1.90i15.76±1.24j43.84±0.48b7.03±0.04i0.34±1.52k
变异系数(%)47.3054.7890.6253.0955.5762.7199.12178.64
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331222528305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Farinograph properties of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
吸水率
(%)
形成时间
(min)
稳定时间
(min)
弱化度
(FU)
粉质指数
(mm)
F161.00±0.14ij1.50±0.04hi12.73±0.24e27.00±2.83h142.00±2.83d
F265.40±0.28b3.83±0.10f5.07±0.42i97.00±4.24c74.00±1.41g
F362.80±0.00e4.87±0.11d12.88±0.35e28.00±1.41h141.00±2.83d
F461.70±0.14g1.80±0.17ghi6.47±0.82hi94.00±5.66c74.00±5.66g
F566.20±0.14a15.00±0.21a17.42±0.40b22.00±7.07hi289.00±7.07a
F662.90±0.28e1.72±0.20ghi8.10±0.31g52.00±4.24f87.00±1.41f
F760.70±0.14j1.93±0.07g6.63±0.44hi68.00±2.83e79.00±7.07fg
F866.10±0.00a14.75±0.06a13.75±0.37d41.00±5.66g237.00±5.66b
F961.60±0.14gh4.20±0.24e6.22±0.30hi108.00±1.41b74.00±7.07g
F1064.80±0.00c4.73±0.06d5.88±0.04i92.00±2.83c72.00±2.83g
F1164.20±0.00d1.40±0.16i3.37±0.00j142.00±1.41a41.00±1.41i
F1265.40±0.14b2.08±0.21g6.92±0.08h77.00±5.66d55.00±0.00h
F1361.30±0.14hi1.77±0.35ghi6.25±0.17hi88.00±4.24c71.00±4.24g
F1462.40±0.00f8.58±0.06b15.33±0.13c44.00±2.83fg168.00±0.00c
F1565.20±0.14b1.77±0.06ghi21.07±0.17a15.00±4.24i44.00±5.66i
F1664.70±0.28c6.47±0.25c9.65±0.07f66.00±1.41e121.00±2.83e
变异系
数(%)
3.0398.1750.6554.2063.58
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331302220082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

16种挂面小麦粉粉质特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
吸水率
(%)
形成时间
(min)
稳定时间
(min)
弱化度
(FU)
粉质指数
(mm)
F161.00±0.14ij1.50±0.04hi12.73±0.24e27.00±2.83h142.00±2.83d
F265.40±0.28b3.83±0.10f5.07±0.42i97.00±4.24c74.00±1.41g
F362.80±0.00e4.87±0.11d12.88±0.35e28.00±1.41h141.00±2.83d
F461.70±0.14g1.80±0.17ghi6.47±0.82hi94.00±5.66c74.00±5.66g
F566.20±0.14a15.00±0.21a17.42±0.40b22.00±7.07hi289.00±7.07a
F662.90±0.28e1.72±0.20ghi8.10±0.31g52.00±4.24f87.00±1.41f
F760.70±0.14j1.93±0.07g6.63±0.44hi68.00±2.83e79.00±7.07fg
F866.10±0.00a14.75±0.06a13.75±0.37d41.00±5.66g237.00±5.66b
F961.60±0.14gh4.20±0.24e6.22±0.30hi108.00±1.41b74.00±7.07g
F1064.80±0.00c4.73±0.06d5.88±0.04i92.00±2.83c72.00±2.83g
F1164.20±0.00d1.40±0.16i3.37±0.00j142.00±1.41a41.00±1.41i
F1265.40±0.14b2.08±0.21g6.92±0.08h77.00±5.66d55.00±0.00h
F1361.30±0.14hi1.77±0.35ghi6.25±0.17hi88.00±4.24c71.00±4.24g
F1462.40±0.00f8.58±0.06b15.33±0.13c44.00±2.83fg168.00±0.00c
F1565.20±0.14b1.77±0.06ghi21.07±0.17a15.00±4.24i44.00±5.66i
F1664.70±0.28c6.47±0.25c9.65±0.07f66.00±1.41e121.00±2.83e
变异系
数(%)
3.0398.1750.6554.2063.58
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331390300467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Pasting properties of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号峰值黏度(cP)低谷黏度(cP)崩解值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)峰值时间(min)
F12718.00±45.25c1747.50±27.58cd970.50±17.68c3075.00±36.77e1327.50±9.19ef6.20±0.00d
F22136.00±73.54fg1275.00±57.98f861.00±15.56ef2679.50±82.73g1404.50±24.75c6.30±0.04c
F32696.50±55.86cd1734.00±11.31cd962.50±44.55c3316.50±60.10bc1582.50±48.79a6.30±0.04c
F42185.50±9.19f1266.50±3.54f919.00±12.73d2568.50±4.95h1302.00±8.49efg6.20±0.00d
F52619.00±23.33cd1878.50±64.35b740.50±0.71h3153.00±86.27de1274.50±21.92g6.50±0.04a
F62716.50±99.70c1685.00±69.30d1031.50±30.41b2870.50±82.73f1185.50±13.44h6.37±0.05bc
F72080.50±43.13gh1174.00±35.36g906.50±7.78d2261.00±35.36j1087.00±0.00i6.04±0.05e
F82511.00±11.31e1595.00±29.70e916.00±18.38d2654.00±4.24gh1059.00±25.46i6.37±0.05bc
F92668.50±16.26cd1780.50±4.95c888.00±21.21de3243.00±5.66cd1462.50±10.61b6.40±0.00b
F102629.00±35.36cd2029.00±33.94a600.00±1.41i3413.00±67.88ab1384.00±33.94cd6.53±0.00a
F111456.00±15.66i634.50±7.78i821.50±2.12fg1472.50±2.12l838.00±5.66k5.57±0.05g
F122033.50±17.68h1139.50±3.54g894.00±14.14de2426.00±9.90i1286.50±6.36fg6.17±0.05d
F133422.50±63.64a2024.50±20.51a1398.00±2.83a3363.00±35.36ab1338.50±14.85de6.13±0.00d
F142602.00±42.43de1884.50±19.09b717.50±23.33h3184.00±39.60d1299.50±20.51efg6.40±0.00b
F152884.00±24.04b2091.00±42.43a793.00±18.38g3432.50±16.26a1341.50±26.16de6.50±0.04a
F161492.00±11.41i708.00±1.41h784.00±0.00g1623.50±0.71k915.50±0.71j5.73±0.00f
变异系数(%)20.8629.6319.6021.8015.604.31
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331482575156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

16种挂面小麦粉糊化特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号峰值黏度(cP)低谷黏度(cP)崩解值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)峰值时间(min)
F12718.00±45.25c1747.50±27.58cd970.50±17.68c3075.00±36.77e1327.50±9.19ef6.20±0.00d
F22136.00±73.54fg1275.00±57.98f861.00±15.56ef2679.50±82.73g1404.50±24.75c6.30±0.04c
F32696.50±55.86cd1734.00±11.31cd962.50±44.55c3316.50±60.10bc1582.50±48.79a6.30±0.04c
F42185.50±9.19f1266.50±3.54f919.00±12.73d2568.50±4.95h1302.00±8.49efg6.20±0.00d
F52619.00±23.33cd1878.50±64.35b740.50±0.71h3153.00±86.27de1274.50±21.92g6.50±0.04a
F62716.50±99.70c1685.00±69.30d1031.50±30.41b2870.50±82.73f1185.50±13.44h6.37±0.05bc
F72080.50±43.13gh1174.00±35.36g906.50±7.78d2261.00±35.36j1087.00±0.00i6.04±0.05e
F82511.00±11.31e1595.00±29.70e916.00±18.38d2654.00±4.24gh1059.00±25.46i6.37±0.05bc
F92668.50±16.26cd1780.50±4.95c888.00±21.21de3243.00±5.66cd1462.50±10.61b6.40±0.00b
F102629.00±35.36cd2029.00±33.94a600.00±1.41i3413.00±67.88ab1384.00±33.94cd6.53±0.00a
F111456.00±15.66i634.50±7.78i821.50±2.12fg1472.50±2.12l838.00±5.66k5.57±0.05g
F122033.50±17.68h1139.50±3.54g894.00±14.14de2426.00±9.90i1286.50±6.36fg6.17±0.05d
F133422.50±63.64a2024.50±20.51a1398.00±2.83a3363.00±35.36ab1338.50±14.85de6.13±0.00d
F142602.00±42.43de1884.50±19.09b717.50±23.33h3184.00±39.60d1299.50±20.51efg6.40±0.00b
F152884.00±24.04b2091.00±42.43a793.00±18.38g3432.50±16.26a1341.50±26.16de6.50±0.04a
F161492.00±11.41i708.00±1.41h784.00±0.00g1623.50±0.71k915.50±0.71j5.73±0.00f
变异系数(%)20.8629.6319.6021.8015.604.31
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331583238453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Thermodynamic properties of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
糊化初始温度
(℃)
糊化峰值温度
(℃)
糊化最终温度
(℃)
糊化焓值
(J/g)
F157.06±0.11g63.09±0.11fgh69.51±0.06de0.89±0.01h
F257.68±0.07ef63.63±0.13cd69.84±0.08bc1.07±0.01g
F358.64±0.21a64.08±0.17ab69.34±0.24ef1.65±0.00b
F458.40±0.08ab63.41±0.03de69.69±0.03cd1.11±0.01g
F558.18±0.04bc64.20±0.00a70.18±0.06a1.43±0.00c
F655.73±0.10i62.81±0.31hi68.30±0.10i1.15±0.00f
F757.66±0.01ef63.29±0.16ef69.00±0.06gh0.92±0.00h
F858.11±0.13bcd63.20±0.23efg69.51±0.03de1.77±0.00b
F958.04±0.00cd63.04±0.07fgh67.53±0.10k2.85±0.02b
F1057.64±0.20ef62.94±0.10gh68.89±0.24h1.38±0.01c
F1151.47±0.13j61.73±0.10j67.80±0.03j4.12±0.03a
F1258.17±0.24bcd63.80±0.07bc70.07±0.00ab1.29±0.05e
F1356.47±0.08h62.51±0.01i69.20±0.06fg1.30±0.01de
F1457.48±0.27f63.15±0.10efg69.35±0.04ef1.34±0.00d
F1555.82±0.16i62.58±0.16i70.04±0.11ab1.29±0.02e
F1657.85±0.06de63.46±0.04de69.68±0.01cd1.43±0.00c
变异系数(%)3.841.961.1383.04
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331667124534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

16种挂面小麦粉热特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
糊化初始温度
(℃)
糊化峰值温度
(℃)
糊化最终温度
(℃)
糊化焓值
(J/g)
F157.06±0.11g63.09±0.11fgh69.51±0.06de0.89±0.01h
F257.68±0.07ef63.63±0.13cd69.84±0.08bc1.07±0.01g
F358.64±0.21a64.08±0.17ab69.34±0.24ef1.65±0.00b
F458.40±0.08ab63.41±0.03de69.69±0.03cd1.11±0.01g
F558.18±0.04bc64.20±0.00a70.18±0.06a1.43±0.00c
F655.73±0.10i62.81±0.31hi68.30±0.10i1.15±0.00f
F757.66±0.01ef63.29±0.16ef69.00±0.06gh0.92±0.00h
F858.11±0.13bcd63.20±0.23efg69.51±0.03de1.77±0.00b
F958.04±0.00cd63.04±0.07fgh67.53±0.10k2.85±0.02b
F1057.64±0.20ef62.94±0.10gh68.89±0.24h1.38±0.01c
F1151.47±0.13j61.73±0.10j67.80±0.03j4.12±0.03a
F1258.17±0.24bcd63.80±0.07bc70.07±0.00ab1.29±0.05e
F1356.47±0.08h62.51±0.01i69.20±0.06fg1.30±0.01de
F1457.48±0.27f63.15±0.10efg69.35±0.04ef1.34±0.00d
F1555.82±0.16i62.58±0.16i70.04±0.11ab1.29±0.02e
F1657.85±0.06de63.46±0.04de69.68±0.01cd1.43±0.00c
变异系数(%)3.841.961.1383.04
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331751010615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Edible quality of 16 types of wheat flours for dried noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号烹调损失率(%)熟断条率(%)烹调时间(min)
F16.25±0.09e0.00±0.00b6.25±0.35bc
F26.55±0.14cd0.00±0.00b6.25±0.35bc
F34.24±0.08k3.75±1.77ab7.50±0.71a
F45.82±0.10g5.00±0.00a6.50±0.00b
F55.31±0.07j0.00±0.00b6.50±0.00b
F65.64±0.02gh0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F75.56±0.05hi0.00±0.00b5.00±0.00ef
F86.16±0.13ef0.00±0.00b5.50±0.71cdef
F96.04±0.06fg0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F106.50±0.09d0.00±0.00b6.00±0.00bcd
F116.64±0.01bcd0.00±0.00b5.25±0.35def
F126.77±0.10b0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F135.54±0.03hi0.00±0.00b5.75±0.35bcde
F146.74±0.07bc0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F157.40±0.16a0.00±0.00b5.75±0.35bcde
F165.40±0.12ij2.50±1.77b4.75±0.35f
变异系数(%)12.57224.5811.59
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331830702392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

16种挂面小麦粉食用品质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号烹调损失率(%)熟断条率(%)烹调时间(min)
F16.25±0.09e0.00±0.00b6.25±0.35bc
F26.55±0.14cd0.00±0.00b6.25±0.35bc
F34.24±0.08k3.75±1.77ab7.50±0.71a
F45.82±0.10g5.00±0.00a6.50±0.00b
F55.31±0.07j0.00±0.00b6.50±0.00b
F65.64±0.02gh0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F75.56±0.05hi0.00±0.00b5.00±0.00ef
F86.16±0.13ef0.00±0.00b5.50±0.71cdef
F96.04±0.06fg0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F106.50±0.09d0.00±0.00b6.00±0.00bcd
F116.64±0.01bcd0.00±0.00b5.25±0.35def
F126.77±0.10b0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F135.54±0.03hi0.00±0.00b5.75±0.35bcde
F146.74±0.07bc0.00±0.00b5.50±0.00cdef
F157.40±0.16a0.00±0.00b5.75±0.35bcde
F165.40±0.12ij2.50±1.77b4.75±0.35f
变异系数(%)12.57224.5811.59
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331902005561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Correlation coefficient between quality index of wheat flour and starch hydrolysis rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标H120H240品质指标H120H240品质指标H120H240
总淀粉0.3090.166-/9xx0.115−0.087峰值黏度0.503*0.512*
直链淀粉−0.415−0.587*9xx/10xx−0.293−0.121低谷黏度−0.440−0.226
损伤淀粉0.0790.14510xx/11xx−0.532*−0.484崩解值0.701**0.536*
B淀粉0.535*0.662**11xx/12xx−0.0180.032最终黏度0.120−0.030
蛋白质0.355−0.06312xx/13xx0.295−0.203回生值−0.279−0.031
脂肪0.170−0.12013xx/14xx0.2490.134峰值时间−0.286−0.498*
氨基酸总量−0.524*0.39114xx/15xx0.184−0.250糊化初温−0.256−0.074
硫胺素−0.3420.00215xx/-0.3270.017糊化峰温−0.191−0.131
烟酸0.178−0.086吸水率0.3480.464糊化终温0.1670.034
泛酸−0.169−0.140形成时间−0.538*−0.403糊化焓值−0.659**−0.402
膳食纤维−0.354−0.058稳定时间−0.0200.188烹调损失率0.2320.194
灰分−0.553*−0.307弱化度−0.3620.293熟断条率0.0540.005
湿面筋−0.4150.090粉质指数−0.277−0.334烹调时间0.528*0.214
), ArticleFig(id=1321170331994280250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

小麦粉品质指标与淀粉水解率的相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标H120H240品质指标H120H240品质指标H120H240
总淀粉0.3090.166-/9xx0.115−0.087峰值黏度0.503*0.512*
直链淀粉−0.415−0.587*9xx/10xx−0.293−0.121低谷黏度−0.440−0.226
损伤淀粉0.0790.14510xx/11xx−0.532*−0.484崩解值0.701**0.536*
B淀粉0.535*0.662**11xx/12xx−0.0180.032最终黏度0.120−0.030
蛋白质0.355−0.06312xx/13xx0.295−0.203回生值−0.279−0.031
脂肪0.170−0.12013xx/14xx0.2490.134峰值时间−0.286−0.498*
氨基酸总量−0.524*0.39114xx/15xx0.184−0.250糊化初温−0.256−0.074
硫胺素−0.3420.00215xx/-0.3270.017糊化峰温−0.191−0.131
烟酸0.178−0.086吸水率0.3480.464糊化终温0.1670.034
泛酸−0.169−0.140形成时间−0.538*−0.403糊化焓值−0.659**−0.402
膳食纤维−0.354−0.058稳定时间−0.0200.188烹调损失率0.2320.194
灰分−0.553*−0.307弱化度−0.3620.293熟断条率0.0540.005
湿面筋−0.4150.090粉质指数−0.277−0.334烹调时间0.528*0.214
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332082360635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Principal component eigenvalue and contribution rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分初始特征值提取载荷平方和
特征值方差贡献
率(%)
累积方差贡
献率(%)
特征值方差贡献
率(%)
累积方差贡
献率(%)
13.22429.30729.3073.22429.30729.307
22.80628.14757.4542.80628.14757.454
31.34114.00671.4601.34114.00671.460
40.9168.32379.783
50.8067.32987.112
60.5535.02792.139
70.3843.49095.629
80.2313.00898.637
90.1020.92899.565
100.0380.34499.909
110.0100.091100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332153663804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

主成分特征值及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分初始特征值提取载荷平方和
特征值方差贡献
率(%)
累积方差贡
献率(%)
特征值方差贡献
率(%)
累积方差贡
献率(%)
13.22429.30729.3073.22429.30729.307
22.80628.14757.4542.80628.14757.454
31.34114.00671.4601.34114.00671.460
40.9168.32379.783
50.8067.32987.112
60.5535.02792.139
70.3843.49095.629
80.2313.00898.637
90.1020.92899.565
100.0380.34499.909
110.0100.091100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332224966973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Principal component factor load matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标旋转后的成分矩阵
PC1PC2PC3
直链淀粉(X1)0.672−0.035−0.082
B淀粉(X2)−0.8310.063−0.260
氨基酸总量(X3)−0.2900.8030.236
灰分(X4)−0.0100.860−0.144
粗细度10xx/11xx(X5)0.700−0.2460.127
面团形成时间(X6)0.168−0.0560.823
峰值黏度(X7)0.3230.3000.855
崩解值(X8)−0.5420.1310.652
峰值时间(X9)0.7460.4760.329
糊化焓值(X10)−0.184−0.732−0.098
挂面烹调时间(X11)−0.4150.6940.183
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332304658750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

主成分因子载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标旋转后的成分矩阵
PC1PC2PC3
直链淀粉(X1)0.672−0.035−0.082
B淀粉(X2)−0.8310.063−0.260
氨基酸总量(X3)−0.2900.8030.236
灰分(X4)−0.0100.860−0.144
粗细度10xx/11xx(X5)0.700−0.2460.127
面团形成时间(X6)0.168−0.0560.823
峰值黏度(X7)0.3230.3000.855
崩解值(X8)−0.5420.1310.652
峰值时间(X9)0.7460.4760.329
糊化焓值(X10)−0.184−0.732−0.098
挂面烹调时间(X11)−0.4150.6940.183
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332380156223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Composite score of principal components for 16 types of dried noodles

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样品编号Z1Z2Z3F排序
F10.78−0.890.12−0.0110
F22.18−1.19−1.680.109
F32.81−1.26−1.060.455
F40.51−0.89−0.46−0.2311
F52.550.423.701.941
F60.030.380.360.238
F7−1.24−0.93−0.04−0.8914
F81.050.881.020.982
F9−0.461.300.500.427
F10−0.321.80−0.750.436
F11−4.48−1.521.17−2.2116
F120.09−0.72−0.91−0.4212
F13−2.07−1.54−0.36−1.5315
F14−0.081.85−0.390.624
F15−0.35−0.90−0.81−0.6613
F16−0.993.23−0.410.793
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332472430912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

16种挂面主成分综合得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号Z1Z2Z3F排序
F10.78−0.890.12−0.0110
F22.18−1.19−1.680.109
F32.81−1.26−1.060.455
F40.51−0.89−0.46−0.2311
F52.550.423.701.941
F60.030.380.360.238
F7−1.24−0.93−0.04−0.8914
F81.050.881.020.982
F9−0.461.300.500.427
F10−0.321.80−0.750.436
F11−4.48−1.521.17−2.2116
F120.09−0.72−0.91−0.4212
F13−2.07−1.54−0.36−1.5315
F14−0.081.85−0.390.624
F15−0.35−0.90−0.81−0.6613
F16−0.993.23−0.410.793
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332556316993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Main quality index range of wheat flour for dried noodles raw materials for low starch digestion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
小麦粉品质指标最小值最大值平均值标准差取值范围
B淀粉(%)10.1516.9113.842.5210.15~16.91
灰分(%)0.420.730.530.110.42~0.73
粗细度10xx/11xx(%)6.0626.2014.237.836.06~26.20
面团形成
时间(min)
4.2015.007.944.844.20~15.00
峰值黏度(cP)1492.002697.002088.0094.271492.00~2697.00
糊化焓值(J/g)1.342.851.640.651.34~2.85
), ArticleFig(id=1321170332652785986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170322796171506, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料主要品质指标范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
小麦粉品质指标最小值最大值平均值标准差取值范围
B淀粉(%)10.1516.9113.842.5210.15~16.91
灰分(%)0.420.730.530.110.42~0.73
粗细度10xx/11xx(%)6.0626.2014.237.836.06~26.20
面团形成
时间(min)
4.2015.007.944.844.20~15.00
峰值黏度(cP)1492.002697.002088.0094.271492.00~2697.00
糊化焓值(J/g)1.342.851.640.651.34~2.85
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耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料选择研究
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佟乐 , 孙冰华 , 鲁浩文 , 卢苏琪 , 王晓曦 *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(3): 321-330
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (3) : 321 -330
耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料选择研究
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佟乐 , 孙冰华, 鲁浩文, 卢苏琪, 王晓曦*
作者信息
  • 河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001
通讯作者:
王晓曦(1963−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

佟乐(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Raw Material Selection of Appropriative Wheat Flour for Dried Noodles with Low Starch Digestion
Le TONG , Binghua SUN, Haowen LU, Suqi LU, Xiaoxi WANG*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020114
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为满足消费者对挂面日益增长的健康化需求,促进专用小麦粉产业高质量发展,选取全国范围内16种挂面专用小麦粉为研究对象,对其营养、加工和食用品质3个维度共40项品质指标进行测定,采用体外动态模拟消化系统对所制作挂面进行消化,借助相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析得到耐消化挂面专用小麦粉的关键指标及其推荐取值范围。结果表明,16种挂面专用粉的品质指标变异系数范围为1.13%~227.90%,具有代表性;相关性分析和主成分分析结合变异系数筛选出耐消化挂面专用小麦粉的关键指标为B淀粉、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间、峰值黏度和糊化焓值,聚类分析得到适合作为耐消化挂面专用粉的关键指标参考取值范围:B淀粉含量10.15%~16.91%、灰分含量0.42%~0.73%、粗细度10xx/11xx质量占比6.06%~26.20%、面团形成时间4.20~15.00 min、峰值黏度1492.00~2697.00 cP、糊化焓值1.34~2.85 J/g。本研究可为挂面专用粉耐消化性品质的预测以及营养功能性挂面的开发提供理论参考。

挂面专用小麦粉  /  体外动态模拟消化  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析  /  淀粉消化性

In order to fill consumers' growing demands for healthy dried noodles and promote the high-quality development of the wheat flour industry, 16 types of wheat flours nationwide were selected as research subjects, 40 quality indicators were evaluated from three dimensions, including nutrition, processing and edible quality. The dried noodles produced with these wheat flour samples were further digested using an in vitro dynamic simulation digestion system, and then the key indicators and their value ranges of wheat flour that suitable for producing digestion-resistant noodles were identified through correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. Results showed that the variation coefficients of quality indicators of these wheat flour samples ranged from 1.13% to 227.90%, indicating their more representative. According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the key indicators of wheat flour for dried noodles with resistant starch digestion were identified as B-starch content, ash content, flour particle size (10xx/11xx), dough development time, peak viscosity, and gelatinization enthalpy. Meanwhile the reference ranges for these key indicators were provided by cluster analysis, which were B-starch content of 10.15%~16.91%, ash content of 0.42%~0.73%, the mass ratio of flour with particle size (10xx/11xx) that was 6.06%~26.20%, dough development time of 4.20~15.00 minutes, peak viscosity of 1492.00~2697.00 cP, and gelatinization enthalpy of 1.34~2.85 J/g. This study can provide a theoretical reference for predicting the resistant-digestion quality of wheat flour for dried noodles and for developing nutritious and functional noodle products.

wheat flour for dried noodles  /  in vitro dynamic digestion simulation  /  principal component analysis  /  cluster analysis  /  digestibility of starch
佟乐, 孙冰华, 鲁浩文, 卢苏琪, 王晓曦. 耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料选择研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 321 -330 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020114
Le TONG, Binghua SUN, Haowen LU, Suqi LU, Xiaoxi WANG. Raw Material Selection of Appropriative Wheat Flour for Dried Noodles with Low Starch Digestion[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 321 -330 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020114
挂面专用小麦粉制作出的挂面相比普通粉口感劲道、色泽更好,不易断条和糊汤。现阶段挑选挂面专用小麦粉时大多从挂面感官角度(如色泽、外观及口感)和食用品质等方面对小麦粉品质指标进行把控。如王伟鹏等[1]根据挂面工艺特点和用户对挂面颜色、外观及口感方面的要求,明确了适合手工挂面的专用小麦粉关键品质指标及其范围。金铭[2]以挂面蒸煮与食用品质为依据,得出回生值和峰值黏度等作为挂面专用粉的筛选指标。目前我国关于挂面专用粉评价现行标准仅有1993年3月颁布的行标LS/T 3202-1993面条用小麦粉,也是以挂面面条品尝评分值作为参考,对专用小麦粉理化指标进行规定。另一方面,近年来肥胖和饮食相关疾病的发病率不断上升[3],随着消费者营养意识的提高,除了关注口感、色泽等因素,在挂面营养功能性方面也提出了更高的要求,具备低消化性的挂面更易受到消费者的青睐。因此,仅从挂面感官、食用等品质方面来规定专用粉已不能满足消费者的健康化需求,从原料端明确适合加工耐消化挂面专用粉的关键影响指标及阈值区间,对今后挂面专用粉的品质预测和市场开发有重要意义。
目前有关耐消化挂面原料粉方面的研究多是采用小麦粉与其他成分复配得到混合粉,如在小麦粉中添加苦荞粉、燕麦粉、青稞粉等杂粮,以及高直链玉米淀粉、谷朊粉和麦麸膳食纤维等功能性成分来降低淀粉消化速率[4−7],缺乏单纯从小麦粉原料品质端角度切入来进行耐消化挂面专用小麦粉选择的研究。另外,目前主成分分析与聚类分析相结合的方法在小麦粉原料指标筛选方面有着较广泛应用。李建华[8]选用包含高、中、低筋的20种市售小麦粉,对其糊化特性和流变学特性等进行测定,结合主成分分析和聚类分析筛选出了适合于制作发酵包子小麦粉的指标范围。隋勇等[9]测定了2个不同等级小麦粉和12个不同粉路小麦次粉的营养品质和加工特性,采用主成分分析提取了4个主成分,结合聚类分析成功筛选出不同粉路小麦次粉品质评价的主要指标。
基于此,本研究选取全国范围内16种挂面专用小麦粉为研究对象,对小麦粉的营养特性、加工品质和食用品质3个维度共40项品质指标进行测定,采用DHSI-IV动态模拟消化系统进行体外模拟消化,借助变异性分析、相关性分析和主成分分析筛选出耐消化挂面专用小麦粉关键性指标,结合聚类分析方法得到上述关键性指标的取值范围。以期直接从原料品质角度上判断是否为一款具有耐消化淀粉特性的挂面原料,从而为挂面专用粉的品质改良和产品预测提供参考,为后续低GI挂面的开发提供科学依据。
挂面专用小麦粉 选用来自全国10个省份的16个不同样品(表1);α-淀粉酶(11 U/mg,编号S31302) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶(3000 U/mg,编号P110927) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;胰酶(4000 U/mg,编号P916050)、胆盐(编号B875069) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;淀粉总含量(total starch)检测试剂盒、直链淀粉/支链淀粉含量(amylose/amylopectin)检测试剂盒、膳食纤维含量(total dietary fibre kit)检测试剂盒 爱尔兰Megazyme公司。
Mastersizer 3000激光粒度仪 英国Malvern马尔文仪器公司;DSC 200 F3差示扫描量热仪 德国Netzsch公司;150型面条实验机组 河南东方面机集团;DHSI-IV动态模拟人胃肠消化系统 晓东宜健(苏州)仪器设备有限公司;QSJ-D02Q1样品绞碎机 广东小熊电器股份有限公司。
总淀粉测定采用总淀粉检测试剂盒;直链淀粉含量测定采用直链/支链淀粉含量检测试剂盒。
水分、损伤淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、泛酸、膳食纤维分别按照GB 5009.3-2016、GB/T 31577-2015、GB 5009.5-2016、GB 5009.124-2016、GB 5009.6-2016、GB 5009.84-2016、GB 5009.85-2016、GB 5009.89-2023、GB 5009.210-2023、GB 5009.88-2023测定。
B淀粉含量测定参照Guo等[10]、尚保华等[11]的方法稍加改进。小麦淀粉提取采用面团法,向面粉中加入60%的蒸馏水调制成面团,静置20 min,水洗面团,将所有淀粉浆过100目筛后3000 r/min离心10 min,倒掉上清液,小心刮去最上层淡黄色物质,收集下层淀粉,置于45 ℃烘箱烘干,粉碎过100目筛,即得小麦全淀粉样品,采用激光粒度仪检测淀粉样品粒径分布(以去离子水为分散剂,颗粒折射率为1.530),计算B淀粉(<10 μm)体积含量。
灰分、湿面筋、粉质特性和RVA糊化特性分别按照GB 5009.4-2016、GB/T 5506.2-2008、GB/T 14614-2019、GB/T 24853-2010测定。
小麦粉粗细度按照GB/T 5507-2008测定,筛网规格为9xx、10xx、11xx、12xx、13xx、14xx、15xx,分别对应150、137、123、112、100、95、88 μm孔径。
热特性参数测定采用差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC),参照付兆燕等[12]的方法并稍作改动:面粉样品与去离子水的添加量按照质量比1:3配制并加入到铝坩埚中,对其进行压盖密封处理,在室温条件下平衡12 h。测试条件:在氮气气氛下以10 ℃/min的加热速率从30 ℃加热到100 ℃。
烹调时间、熟断条率和烹调损失率测定按照GB/T 40636-2021附录C方法。
依据GB/T 35875-2018规定的方法并稍作改动。参照附录A,根据每种小麦粉样品的实际水分含量调整称粉量,使其干物质等同于200 g水分含量为13.5%的小麦粉,精确至0.1 g。将样品倒入和面机内,加入一定量的蒸馏水,每百克小麦粉加水量按粉质吸水率的46%~48%计算,和面机调至3档和面5 min形成面絮,置于自封袋中醒发10 min,之后依次在3.0、2.5、2.0、1.5 mm压片,然后用电子游标卡尺测定面片厚度,根据面片厚度将压辊间距调节为1.25±0.03 mm,将面片切成宽度约为2.0 mm的面条,并挂于专用烘箱干燥4 h得到挂面。
参照Minekus等[13]的方法配制唾液模拟液(simulated saliva fluid,SSF)、胃液模拟液(simulated gastric fluid,SGF)和肠液模拟液(simulated intestinal fluid,SIF)。模拟消化液由储备液、酶、CaCl2和水组成,消化当天配制,且使用前均于37 ℃保温。其中将α-淀粉酶和CaCl2·2H2O(0.3 mol/L)溶解于唾液储备液中使其分别在SSF中的最终浓度达到150 U/mL和1.5 mmol/L;胃蛋白酶和CaCl2·2H2O(0.3 mol/L)溶解于胃液储备液中使其分别在SGF中的最终浓度达到4000 U/mL和0.15 mmol/L;胰酶、胆盐和CaCl2·2H2O(0.3 mol/L)溶解于肠液储备液中使其分别在SIF中的最终浓度达到200 U/mL、20 mmol/L和0.6 mmol/L。CaCl2·2H2O溶液应于消化前加入,防止钙离子形成沉淀。储备液由0.5 mol/L KCl、0.5 mol/L KH2PO4、1 mol/L NaHCO3、2 mol/L NaCl、0.15 mol/L MgCl2·6H2O、0.5 mol/L (NH4)2CO3等盐溶液组成。
每种挂面样品严格按1.2.1.3测得的烹调时间于消化当天煮熟。称取50 g挂面样品(干基),煮熟后使用绞碎机绞碎(10 s),以模拟人口腔咀嚼。加入50 mL预先37 ℃保温的SSF(pH7)混合均匀,采用分批进样方式,立即将混合好的模拟口腔食糜在消化第1 min和第3 min分两次(模拟人吞咽)放入动态体外模拟人胃肠消化模型。累计添加SGF(pH3)372 mL和SIF(pH7)558 mL,模型中空腹SGF为20 mL。设备运行参数[14]如下:胃倾斜角,0~10 min以1°/min的角度倾斜速率(速率为正表示胃顺时针倾斜)倾斜10°,11~30 min以0.4°/min速率继续倾斜8°,31~180 min以−0.4°/min速率(速率为负表示胃逆时针倾斜)倾斜60°,最终胃模型的总倾斜角度为−42°。幽门挤压频率为2次/min,挤压末端位置6.5 mm,挤压张开位置6 mm。十二指肠的运行段速为12 r/min,小肠压滤的频率为10 s−1,小肠阀每间隔4.9 min打开0.1 min,此参数下的模拟成人胃肠消化时间为4 h。取样:消化120 min和240 min(消化终点)时从小肠末端分别取15 mL消化产物,沸水浴5 min以终止酶解反应。
分别测定16种挂面样品不同消化时刻消化产物的淀粉水解率。具体参照张苹等[15]的方法,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测定还原糖含量,在540 nm下测定吸光度值。淀粉水解率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{H}=\frac{0.95\times\mathrm{M_C}\times\mathrm{V}}{\text{m}\times\mathrm{S}\times(100-\mathrm{M})}\times100 $
式中:H为不同消化时刻的淀粉水解率,%;MC为食糜中的还原糖质量浓度,g/mL;V为食糜体积,mL;m为挂面样品体外消化时的质量,g;S为挂面样品的总淀粉质量分数,g/100 g(以干样质量计);M为挂面样品的水分质量分数,g/100 g(以样品质量计);0.95为还原糖质量转换成淀粉的化学计量常数。
实验至少平行三次,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0软件对数据进行单因素ANOVA方差分析(采用Duncan法进行多重比较)、Pearson相关性分析、变异性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析;采用Origin 2024b软件进行图形的绘制。
16种挂面专用小麦粉营养指标(以干基计)如表2所示。淀粉相关指标中,总淀粉范围为74.47%~85.12%,直链淀粉范围为21.99%~33.91%,损伤淀粉范围为5.17%~6.69%,B淀粉范围为10.15%~19.78%。其中直链淀粉和B淀粉的变异系数为26.84%和16.61%,表明两者数据分布相对于总淀粉和损伤淀粉较为分散,离散程度较大。蛋白质范围为11.08%~14.17%,脂肪范围为0.91%~2.05%,氨基酸总量(TAA)范围为10.088~13.952 g/100 g,膳食纤维范围为1.40%~3.22%,烟酸(VB3)、泛酸(VB5)含量范围分别为127.23~389.26 μg/100 g和0.24~0.51 mg/100 g。另外硫胺素(VB1)仅在F2、F3、F9和F12四种粉中检出,核黄素(VB2)在所有样品里未检出(<0.050 mg/100 g)。脂肪、硫胺素、烟酸、泛酸、膳食纤维的变异系数均大于10%,分别为23.57%、227.90%、35.06%、18.69%和39.16%,蛋白质与氨基酸总量变异系数较小,分别为7.67%和8.81%,表明两指标数据分布较为集中。
灰分既是表征加工精度的重要指标,也可作为衡量小麦粉矿质元素含量的营养指标,由图1可得,16种挂面小麦粉灰分(以干基计)含量范围为0.29%~0.83%,变异系数为28.66%,从变异系数上来看小麦粉灰分含量跨度较大;湿面筋(以干基计)含量范围为29.75%~37.44%,变异系数为9.94%。小麦粉粗细度即粒度,以残留在规定筛层上的粉类占试样的质量分数表示,由表3可得,8类不同粗细度粉的变异系数,除‘-/9xx’为47.30%外,其余7类均大于50%,表明16种挂面小麦粉粗细度分布相差较大,受样品影响较大。
小麦粉粉质特性是反映面团流变学特性的重要指标[16]。如表4所示,16种挂面小麦粉流变学特性中,除粉质吸水率外,其余指标变异系数均大于50%,表明不同挂面小麦粉样品的粉质特性存在一定差异,数据跨度较大。其中粉质吸水率、形成时间和稳定时间分别在60.70%~66.20%、1.40~15.00 min和3.37~21.07 min之间,弱化度范围为15.00~142.00 FU,粉质指数范围为41.00~289.00 mm。淀粉糊化时黏度急剧上升,形成糊状,如表5所示,16种小麦粉RVA糊化特性中,峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度范围分别为1456.00~3422.50 cP、634.50~2091.00 cP和1472.50~3432.50 cP,三者变异系数均大于20%。崩解值、回生值和峰值时间范围分别为600.00~1398.00 cP、838.00~1582.50 cP和5.57~6.53 min,其中峰值时间的变异系数最小,为4.31%。DSC可以从热学角度表征淀粉的糊化性质,如表6所示,16种挂面小麦粉糊化初始温度、糊化峰值温度、糊化最终温度和糊化焓值的范围分别为51.47~58.64 ℃、61.73~64.20 ℃、67.53~70.18 ℃和0.89~4.12 J/g。糊化焓值的变异系数显著相比其他三个指标大,为83.04%。
挂面烹调过程中由于各种物理、化学和酶的修饰作用,会影响淀粉的消化率及其营养价值[17]。由表7可得,16种挂面最佳烹调时间范围为4.75~7.50 min,变异系数为11.59%。烹调损失率范围为4.24%~7.40%,除F3、F4和F16样品外,其余挂面熟断条率均为0,16种挂面的烹调损失率和熟断条率均符合标准GB/T 40636-2021挂面,其中所规定范围为:烹调损失率≤10.0%,熟断条率≤5.0%。挂面烹调损失率和熟断条率的变异系数分别为12.57%和224.58%,三项指标变异系数均大于10%,不同挂面食用品质指标存在差异。综合上述三个维度品质指标,从变异系数来看16个挂面小麦粉的品质受样品影响较大,所选16种供试样品具有代表性。
由图2得,16种挂面样品在120 min时淀粉水解率H120范围为19.46%~29.12%,变异系数为17.86%;随着消化时间的延长,在240 min消化终点时淀粉水解率H240范围为30.64%~47.08%,变异系数为17.08%,此消化趋势与黄艳梅[14]的研究结果类似,从变异系数看16种样品在淀粉耐消化特性上存在一定差异。动态模拟消化模型挂面的终点淀粉水解率与以往有关其静态消化的研究数据相比而言偏低,原因可能是两者消化液酶的添加量和类型有所差异[18];另外Bornhorst等[19]指出,食物在仿生胃模型内较长的停留时间很大程度上会抑制淀粉的水解率,这可能也是造成动态和静态两种消化模型淀粉水解率差异的原因。
对小麦粉营养、加工、食用品质三个维度指标与挂面淀粉水解率进行Pearson相关性分析如表8所示。结果显示,H120与B淀粉、峰值黏度、挂面烹调时间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与崩解值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);H240与峰值黏度、崩解值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与B淀粉呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。H120与氨基酸总量、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与糊化焓值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);H240与直链淀粉、峰值时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明各项指标之间相关性复杂且存在信息重叠,综上所述,从小麦粉40个品质指标中选择相关性高的直链淀粉、B淀粉、氨基酸总量、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间、峰值黏度、崩解值、峰值时间、糊化焓值、挂面烹调时间11个指标进行主成分降维分析,以进一步精简筛选品质指标。
主成分分析法(principal components analysis,PCA)是一种基础的多变量统计分析方法,通过降维减少变量个数,实现信息浓缩[20],适用于指标之间存在一定相关和信息重叠的情况。以特征值>1的方差贡献率确定最优主成分数,由表9和图3可得,第1主成分的特征值为3.224,方差贡献率为29.307%,为最重要的主成分;后两个主成分的重要性依次降低,前3个主成分对应的累计方差贡献率达到71.460%,表明3个主成分已经包含了绝大部分信息,因此可以用缩减得到的3个主成分代替进一步筛选适宜进行评价的指标。
由主成分因子载荷矩阵表可知,其绝对值越大,对该主成分影响越主要(表10);因此,主成分1以B淀粉(CV=16.61%)的影响为主,峰值时间(CV=4.31%)、粗细度10xx/11xx(CV=90.62%)的影响为辅;主成分2以灰分(CV=28.66%)的影响为主,氨基酸总量(CV=8.81%)和糊化焓值(CV=83.04%)的影响为辅;主成分3以峰值黏度(CV=20.86%)为主,以面团形成时间(CV=98.17%)和崩解值(CV=9.60%)的影响为辅。结合变异系数和相关性分析结果,最终得到6种挂面专用小麦粉关键性指标分别为B淀粉、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间、峰值黏度、糊化焓值。
依据成分矩阵计算特征向量矩阵,另外将参与分析的原始变量进行数据标准化转变为无量纲值,对应记为Xi(i=1~11),变量标准化值结合特征向量矩阵构建3个主成分的函数表达式Zi(i=1~3)如下所示:
Z1=0.374X1−0.463X2−0.162X3−0.006X4+0.390X5+0.094X6+0.180X7−0.302X8+0.415X9−0.102X10−0.231X11
Z2=−0.021X1+0.038X2+0.479X3+0.513X4−0.417X5−0.033X6+0.179X7+0.078X8+0.284X9−0.437X10+0.414X11
Z3=−0.071X1−0.225X2+0.204X3−0.124X4+0.110X5+0.711X6+0.738X7+0.563X8+0.284X9−0.085X10+0.158X11
3个表达式中,X1~X11分别为直链淀粉、B淀粉、氨基酸总量、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间、峰值黏度、崩解值、峰值时间、糊化焓值、挂面烹调时间。
以每个主成分对应的方差贡献率占比计算其权重系数,结合上述函数表达式可得综合得分公式F:
$ {\mathrm{F}} = \frac{{29.307{\mathrm{Z}}_1+28.147{\mathrm{Z}}_2+14.006{\mathrm{Z}}_3}}{{71.460}} $
结合上述所有主成分的函数表达式计算综合得分F如表11所示。其值越大,表示挂面具有越缓慢的淀粉消化特性,越耐消化。由综合得分情况表可知,16份挂面中,F5样品得分最高,达到了1.94分,其次是F8和F16样品,分别为0.98和0.79分;F7、F13、F11样品综合得分最低,为−0.89、−1.53和−2.21分。
聚类分析(cluster analysis,CA)是对未知变量相似程度进行定量分组的一种数学分类方法[21]。以主成分得到的综合得分作为变量,采用组间联接(平方欧氏距离)法对供试的16个小麦粉样品进行系统聚类分析,结果如图4所示,当欧氏距离为7时,不同样品聚为3类。第一类为F3、F5、F8、F9、F10、F14、F16号样品;第二类为F1、F2、F4、F6、F12号样品;第三类为F7、F11、F13、F15号样品。为了选取耐消化挂面的小麦粉,要求淀粉消化速度缓慢,有助于维持血糖稳定,因此第一类挂面专用粉作为优质原料较为适合,可用作耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料选择的依据。结合聚类结果得到关键指标推荐取值范围(表12):B淀粉含量10.15%~16.91%、灰分含量0.42%~0.73%、粗细度10xx/11xx质量占比6.06%~26.20%、面团形成时间4.20~15.00 min、峰值黏度1492.00~2697.00 cP、糊化焓值1.34~2.85 J/g。
目前挂面专用小麦粉的生产和品质把控多是以挂面感官、食用等品质为导向,缺乏有针对性的即适合高血糖和肥胖人群的耐消化挂面专用小麦粉挑选依据。体外动态模拟消化系统可以很好模拟胃肠道的蠕动、消化液的持续分泌和食物连续消化等动态过程,相比静态更接近于真实的体内消化情况,近些年有着越来越多的应用[22−24]。食物在体内的消化吸收的程度和速率是影响食物GI最主要的因素,缓慢耐消化或者不消化吸收的碳水化合物都将降低食物的GI,从而有利于血糖的稳定[25]。
许多研究表明[17,26],无论植物来源如何,淀粉颗粒尺寸越小,比表面积越大,对酶的敏感性越高,与淀粉酶结合程度就越高,从而会使淀粉消化程度增加。小麦淀粉根据颗粒尺寸来分类可分为A型和B型[11],B淀粉颗粒较小(<10 μm),呈球形或不规则的多面体,具有较大的比表面积,这就使其比大的淀粉颗粒具备更多酶作用位点,更易与酶接触,水解速度快,相比A淀粉(≥10 μm)而言容易被消化[27]。本研究得出高B淀粉含量的挂面专用粉一定程度上更不耐消化,符合前人的研究结果。灰分是表征小麦粉加工精度的重要指标,高加工精度通常伴随着淀粉颗粒结构的破坏和损伤淀粉的增加,提高了小麦粉吸水率和酶敏感性,从而加速淀粉的消化[28]。由此推测低灰分含量小麦粉的淀粉在某种程度上更耐消化,与本研究相关性分析得出的结果相符,在生产耐消化挂面专用小麦粉时建议遵循适度加工的原则。小麦粉的粗细度也会影响面条的淀粉消化,进而影响GI。Zhou等[29]表明谷物或豆类粗颗粒粉的消化速度比细颗粒粉慢,其较完整的胚乳细胞壁结构是淀粉水解酶生物可及性的重要物理屏障。未穿过10xx筛网孔径的粉属于较粗颗粒粉,其质量占比越大的小麦粉的淀粉一定程度上更耐消化。粉质形成时间主要反映了面团形成过程中面筋网络的强度与延展性,本研究得出其对淀粉水解率有负向影响,可能是由于较长的形成时间通常意味着强韧的面筋网络,被包裹在内的淀粉颗粒难与酶接触从而阻碍淀粉的消化[30]。挂面在高温烹调过程中会经历淀粉糊化,淀粉糊化程度是决定淀粉类食物消化率和营养特性的关键因素[31]。Balet等[32]指出较高的峰值黏度表明糊化过程淀粉颗粒溶胀程度高,面粉更容易发生淀粉水解;Guo等[33]指出糊化焓值反映了小麦粉加热过程中的能量变化,值越高表明糊化水平越低。由此推测,低峰值黏度和高糊化焓值的挂面专用粉一定程度上更耐消化,符合本研究得出的结果,今后在挑选耐消化挂面专用粉时可重点考虑这些指标。
运用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等多元统计分析方法进行耐消化挂面专用小麦粉原料选择研究,可以规避主观因素的影响,使原料品质与成品品质之间的关联关系得以很好反映,便于综合评价多项指标,使评价结果更为科学、精准。后续研究还可继续完善,如扩大小麦粉样本容量和取样范围、采集食物体内消化数据来丰富数据库,同时继续基于多种多元统计分析方法相结合的方式进行分析,从而进一步为低消化性挂面专用小麦粉开发和品质预测提供便捷,满足专用粉行业的多样化需求。
本研究从原料品质端角度切入来筛选耐消化挂面专用小麦粉,以全国范围内征集的16种挂面专用小麦粉为实验材料,测定了40项品质指标,其变异系数范围为1.13%~227.90%。将挂面专用小麦粉品质指标与挂面淀粉水解率进行相关性分析,结果表明各项指标之间相关性复杂且存在信息重叠,采用主成分分析对相关性高的11个指标进一步降维分析以筛选关键指标,并结合变异系数最终筛选出耐消化挂面专用小麦粉关键性指标为B淀粉、灰分、粗细度10xx/11xx、面团形成时间、峰值黏度和糊化焓值;聚类分析法明确上述关键性指标推荐取值范围分别为B淀粉含量10.15%~16.91%、灰分含量0.42%~0.73%、粗细度10xx/11xx质量占比6.06%~26.20%、面团形成时间4.20~15.00 min、峰值黏度1492.00~2697.00 cP、糊化焓值1.34~2.85 J/g。研究结果可为挂面专用小麦粉的品质改良和产品预测提供参考,为后续低GI挂面的开发提供科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020114
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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    河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001

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王晓曦(1963−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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