Article(id=1320889472439399359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020091, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854191168, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854191168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854191168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854191168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=36, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889472686863296, articleId=1320889472439399359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Co-fermentation of Yeast with Different Lactobacillus Species on the Quality of Stauntonia chinensis Ferment, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of enhanced fermentation of different Lactobacillus species on the quality of Stauntonia chinensis ferment, the fresh Stauntonia chinensis pulp was utilized as the raw material. Lactobacillus royceae (LRL), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRT), Lactobacillus plantarum (LPZ), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAS) combined with yeast were used in the co-fermentation. Changes in conventional physicochemical indexes, functional components, antioxidant activity, and flavor components were systematically analyzed during the fermentation process. The results indicated that the total acid content increased gradually, while pH, soluble solids, and triterpene content decreased. After 15 days of fermentation, the LRT fermentation system exhibited the highest triterpene content at 5.57 mg/100 mL, while the LAS system showed the highest polyphenol content at 4.27 mg/mL. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and SOD enzyme activity were highest in the LRT system, whereas the hydroxyl radical inhibition rate was highest in the LRL system. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with odor activity value (OAV) analysis, it was found that except for the LRL fermentation system, the types and contents of esters increased in the other three systems. Notably, a total of 87 volatile components were detected in LRT fermentation system, predominantly comprising esters (168.45 mg/L) and alcohols (151.60 mg/L). Among these, 30 volatile components had an OAV≥1, and the primary key volatile components were ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl caprate, phenylethanol and nonanal. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the types and contents of Stauntonia chinensis ferment prepared by composite strains differed significantly from those of unfermented Stauntonia chinensis. This fermentation process enriched the composition of volatile components in Stauntonia chinensis ferment, and the LRT fermentation system had the richest flavor profile. In conclusion, the quality of Stauntonia chinensis ferment was influenced by the co-fermentation of yeast with different Lactobacillus species. The LRT fermentation system demonstrated superior performance in terms of functional component content, antioxidant activity, and flavor profile improvement.

, authors=Sha LIU1, 2, Rui LANG2, Mei YAN2, Yu WANG1, 2, Lilang LI1, 2, Mei ZHOU2, Chunyan LI2, Juan YANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Sha LIU, Rui LANG, Mei YAN, Yu WANG, Lilang LI, Mei ZHOU, Chunyan LI, Juan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Juan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889475249583059, articleId=1320889472439399359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同乳酸杆菌强化发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响,本研究以新鲜野木瓜果浆为原料,采用罗伊氏乳杆菌(LRL)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(LRT)、植物乳杆菌(LPZ)、嗜酸乳杆菌(LAS)与酵母菌进行复合发酵,分析发酵过程中的常规理化指标、功效成分、抗氧化活性及风味物质的变化。结果表明:随发酵进行,不同发酵体系中总酸含量逐渐增加,而pH、可溶性固形物和三萜含量逐步下降,总酚含量则先降低后升高。发酵至15 d时,LRT发酵体系中三萜含量最高,为5.57 mg/100 mL,LAS发酵体系中多酚含量最高,为4.27 mg/mL。此外,DPPH自由基清除能力和SOD酶活性在LRT体系中最高,而羟自由基抑制率在LRL体系中最高。通过GC-MS结合OAV法分析,发现除LRL发酵体系外,酯类的种类和含量在其他3种体系中均增加。其中,LRT发酵体系中检测到87种挥发性成分,主要为酯类(168.45 mg/L)和醇类(151.60 mg/L),OAV≥1的挥发性物质共30种,主要关键风味物质为异丁酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、苯乙醇、壬醛。主成分分析(PCA)表明,复合菌种制备的野木瓜酵素与未发酵的野木瓜挥发性成分的种类和含量相差较大,丰富了野木瓜挥发性成分组成,且LRT发酵体系风味最为丰富。综上所述,酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素的品质有不同影响,且LRT发酵体系在功效成分含量、抗氧化能力和风味物质改善方面均表现较佳。

, authors=刘莎1, 2, 郎瑞2, 严梅2, 王瑜1, 2, 李立郎1, 2, 周美2, 李春燕2, 杨娟1, 2, *, authorsList=刘莎, 郎瑞, 严梅, 王瑜, 李立郎, 周美, 李春燕, 杨娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨娟, authorNote=

刘莎(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨娟(1971−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然药食两用植物资源活性物质研究,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XsJ/XaCyxJvTkqbsXJoS9A==, magXml=6tJvulNZ5nUs+F2BsVtRXA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hHmHvCUT1u4LwEwcQWCgKA==, pdfFileSize=5716555, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=UFj57Mv/tOIpb0drePsJyw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BTLs/IOm9TWk0yANyMjxHA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889475778065371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2917195735@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889475866145758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, authorId=1320889475778065371, language=EN, stringName=Sha LIU, firstName=Sha, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
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刘莎(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:

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刘莎(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:

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注:不同大写字母代表组内具有显著性差异(P<0.05),不同小写字母代表组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05);图3~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=bZQ2ygeN3HXfKLZ7jVEJ2g==, figureFileBig=oYpvqjopbyeqxWF+OK+VOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480119169045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of co-fermentation of yeast and different Lactobacillus species on total triterpenes (A) and total phenol (B) content of Stauntonia chinensis ferment, figureFileSmall=+hfXVSenXuUmGKiNcUxyFw==, figureFileBig=SUy0UjuDdMh2hb9lzhaCMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480177889302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素总三萜(A)和总酚(B)含量的影响, figureFileSmall=+hfXVSenXuUmGKiNcUxyFw==, figureFileBig=SUy0UjuDdMh2hb9lzhaCMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480244998167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of co-fermentation of yeast and different Lactobacillus species on the SOD enzyme activity in Stauntonia chinensis ferment, figureFileSmall=hz8MqVnwgaN1PyMMMEelTQ==, figureFileBig=zGGXhocXvnvQiFGWbMg1tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480312107032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图4, caption=酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素SOD酶活的影响, figureFileSmall=hz8MqVnwgaN1PyMMMEelTQ==, figureFileBig=zGGXhocXvnvQiFGWbMg1tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480408576025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of co-fermentation of yeast and different Lactobacillus species on DPPH radical scavenging capacity (A) and hydroxyl radical inhibition rate (B) of Stauntonia chinensis ferment, figureFileSmall=7jPJ+iy2witqCjcJC+Ks0Q==, figureFileBig=9Ff3feqk+hXiAgoldW+4fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480475684890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图5, caption=酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素DPPH自由基清除率(A)、羟自由基抑制率(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=7jPJ+iy2witqCjcJC+Ks0Q==, figureFileBig=9Ff3feqk+hXiAgoldW+4fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480555376667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Total ion flow diagram of volatile components of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains, figureFileSmall=mrs9y5TsM8Dg2PHK2+7WTw==, figureFileBig=2Z6RGhwFNGgWHW32iiebyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480614096924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的挥发性成分总离子流图

注:LRL:酵母菌与罗伊氏乳杆菌;LRT:酵母菌与鼠李糖乳杆菌;LPZ:酵母菌与植物乳杆菌;LAS:酵母菌与嗜酸乳杆菌;UF:未发酵(0 d),不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的时间为15 d。

, figureFileSmall=mrs9y5TsM8Dg2PHK2+7WTw==, figureFileBig=2Z6RGhwFNGgWHW32iiebyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480685400093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Content of volatile components of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains of bacteria, figureFileSmall=wMu2aQUpO43Z2kAg3u9Fgw==, figureFileBig=LS4A8oB+HSHHzhuOOwJhQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480760897566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的挥发性成分含量, figureFileSmall=wMu2aQUpO43Z2kAg3u9Fgw==, figureFileBig=LS4A8oB+HSHHzhuOOwJhQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480819617823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Amounts of various volatiles of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains of bacteria, figureFileSmall=0t4JIxQnO5KwyLC46ppphw==, figureFileBig=IA+h1Z59FMYXwaKkcWF2xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480899309600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的各种挥发性物质数量, figureFileSmall=0t4JIxQnO5KwyLC46ppphw==, figureFileBig=IA+h1Z59FMYXwaKkcWF2xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889480962224161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=PCA plot of volatile components of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains of bacteria, figureFileSmall=rNfD/O9mvUxLsqK1mSPFpQ==, figureFileBig=gvwSE+j2toxY6WPqZ/pjWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889481025138722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的挥发性成分PCA图, figureFileSmall=rNfD/O9mvUxLsqK1mSPFpQ==, figureFileBig=gvwSE+j2toxY6WPqZ/pjWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889481083858979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physicochemical indexes, functional components and antioxidant activity of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同发酵体系pH总酸
(g/L)
可溶性固形物(°Brix)总三萜
(mg/100 mL)
总酚(mg/mL)SOD酶活(U/mL)DPPH自由基清除率(%)羟自由基抑制率(%)
LPZ3.01±0.04a18.54±1.86a2.27±0.31a1.48±0.93b2.89±0.7a181.76±8.54ab77.75±0.5b31.50±1.88c
LAS2.99±0.01ab17.85±1.62a2.43±0.06a1.48±0.93b4.27±0.1a164.50±26.3b77.4±4.02b33.66±2.36bc
LRL2.98±0.01ab18.42±0.41a2.5±0.26a5.50±1.48a2.99±0.9a174.63±4.21ab84.88±2.5a41.01±2.9a
LRT2.97±0.02b20.49±0.90a2.23±0.15a5.57±0.44a3.35±0.7a198.71±17.7a86.99±1.8a37.14±0.82ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320889481163550756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的理化指标、功效成分、抗氧化活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同发酵体系pH总酸
(g/L)
可溶性固形物(°Brix)总三萜
(mg/100 mL)
总酚(mg/mL)SOD酶活(U/mL)DPPH自由基清除率(%)羟自由基抑制率(%)
LPZ3.01±0.04a18.54±1.86a2.27±0.31a1.48±0.93b2.89±0.7a181.76±8.54ab77.75±0.5b31.50±1.88c
LAS2.99±0.01ab17.85±1.62a2.43±0.06a1.48±0.93b4.27±0.1a164.50±26.3b77.4±4.02b33.66±2.36bc
LRL2.98±0.01ab18.42±0.41a2.5±0.26a5.50±1.48a2.99±0.9a174.63±4.21ab84.88±2.5a41.01±2.9a
LRT2.97±0.02b20.49±0.90a2.23±0.15a5.57±0.44a3.35±0.7a198.71±17.7a86.99±1.8a37.14±0.82ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320889481239048229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection results of volatile components of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains of bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)化合物名称分子式分子量
(g/mol)
相对含量(mg/L)
LRLLRTLPZLASUF
11.83乙酸甲酯C3H6O274−−−−1.21±0.07
22.26乙酸乙酯C4H8O28810.17±1.89b20.11±2.93a0.87±0.24c10.85±1.35b0.18±0.08c
33.36丙酸乙酯C5H10O21020.16±0.04a0.25±0.18a−0.07±0.04a−
44.27异丁酸乙酯C6H12O21161.67±0.09b0.09±0.01c4.01±0.70a0.09±0.05c−
54.61乙酸异丁酯C6H12O21160.18±0.04b0.36±0.01a0.42±0.06a0.24±0.03b0.07±0.02c
65.29丁酸乙酯C6H12O21161.06±0.3b0.35±0.07b10.08±1.11a0.21±0.01b0.44±0.03b
76.822-甲基丁酸乙酯C7H14O21301.58±0.41a0.16±0.02b0.09±0.02b0.14±0.03b0.29±0.10b
87.77乙酸异戊酯C7H14O21301.90±0.67c8.63±0.81a0.17±0.08d6.9±0.63b0.25±0.20d
97.862-甲基丁基乙酸酯C7H14O21300.14±0.04d2.22±0.15a0.09±0.05d1.92±0.07b0.42±0.21c
109.68己酸甲酯C7H14O21300.30±0.04a0.22±0.01a0.27±0.10a0.2±0.01a−
1113.01乙酸己酯C8H16O21440.32±0.07c10.44±1.37a0.15±0.07c10.87±1.15a3.66±1.05b
1213.113-己烯酸乙酯C8H14O21420.11±0.08c0.21±0.03ab0.14±0.02ab0.23±0.02a−
1313.34顺-3-乙酸己烯酯C8H14O2142−−−−0.44±0.16
1413.6异丁酸异戊酯C9H18O21580.14±0.05b0.15±0.03b10.32±0.4a0.13±0.04b−
1515.452-糠酸乙酯C7H8O31400.72±0.21a0.32±0.08b0.39±0.04b0.23±0.03b−
1618.91辛酸甲酯C9H18O21580.78±0.17b6.11±0.39a0.93±0.24b5.28±1.01a−
1720.98苯甲酸乙酯C9H10O21500.36±0.05c2.24±0.18b0.42±0.09c2.81±0.5a0.38±0.20c
1821.54琥珀酸二乙酯C8H14O41740.09±0.02c0.26±0.002b1.08±0.08a0.22±0.09b−
1922.04水杨酸甲酯C8H8O31522.82±0.37b0.54±0.09b76.67±5.14a0.44±0.1b−
2022.4辛酸乙酯C10H20O21721.91±0.76b55.94±1.85a1.56±0.39b59.27±9.19a1.04±0.13b
2124.44苯乙酸乙酯C10H12O21640.16±0.05c0.27±0.01bc0.43±0.12a0.31±0.02ab−
2224.72己酸异戊酯C11H22O21860.50±0.15a0.34±0.03ab0.22±0.03b0.33±0.05ab−
2324.98乙酸苯乙酯C10H12O21641.04±0.15c3.23±0.31a0.89±0.24c2.32±0.23b−
2426.83壬酸乙酯C11H22O21860.26±0.08b2.67±0.79a0.27±0.07b3.87±1.92a−
2528.04癸酸甲酯C11H22O21862.20±0.44b4.29±0.59a0.38±0.06c3.46±1.06ab−
2630.789-癸烯酸乙酯C12H22O21980.77±0.10b1.49±0.22a0.13±0.06c1.27±0.09a−
2731.18癸酸乙酯C12H24O22001.06±0.34b45.75±1.79a0.97±0.27b−−
2833.213-辛酸甲丁酯C13H26O22140.05±0.02b1.05±0.06a1.09±0.08a1.09±0.08a−
2933.332-甲基丁基辛酸酯C13H26O22140.37±0.16a0.35±0.03a0.38±0.17a0.29±0.09a−
3035.2十一酸乙酯C13H26O22140.17±0.03b0.65±0.08b7.04±1.45a0.39±0.13b−
3136.36月桂酸甲酯C13H26O22140.54±0.07a0.64±0.12a0.35±0.04b0.65±0.12−
3239.05月桂酸乙酯C14H28O22280.22±0.10c6.45±0.76a2.56±0.92b7.44±1.09a−
3340.71癸酸异戊酯C15H30O22420.75±0.09a0.71±0.15a0.4±0.04b0.75±0.2a−
3440.812-甲基丁基癸酸酯C15H30O22420.06±0.02b0.24±0.05b0.95±0.37a0.21±0.09b−
3543.06十四酸甲酯C15H30O22420.44±0.08a0.08±0.03b0.12±0.05b0.14±0.06b−
3644.86肉豆蔻酸乙酯C16H32O22562.02±0.13a0.93±0.24c1.77±0.13ab1.43±0.29b−
3746.62月桂酸异戊酯C17H34O22700.56±0.17b0.12±0.1c28.42±0.29a0.12±0.05c−
3847.213-甲基十四酸乙酯C17H34O22700.20±0.10a0.05±0.01b0.16±0.02ab0.15±0.04ab−
3947.42棕榈油酸甲酯C17H32O226810.91±1.43a0.2±0.08b0.04±0.02b0.26±0.04b−
4047.89棕榈酸甲酯C17H34O22700.51±0.27b0.46±0.15b0.78±0.10b0.83±0.28b21.16±9.09a
4148.899-十六碳烯酸乙酯C18H34O22820.91±0.22bc2.76±1.71ab0.35±0.06b4.3±0.92a−
4249.33棕榈酸乙酯C18H36O22840.15±0.09b2.98±0.67b0.19±0.08b9.85±3.45a−
4352.24亚油酸乙酯C20H36O23081.91±0.28a0.79±0.65bc0.28±0.02c1.46±0.27ab−
4452.32油酸乙酯C20H38O23100.75±0.25b1.13±0.81b0.55±0.06b2.01±0.26a−
4552.68十八酸乙酯C20H40O23121.70±0.70a−0.14±0.13b0.22±0.16b−
酯类含量(总计)53.30±8.13b168.45±25.78a156.37±11.37a143.07±20.97a29.54±10.97b
15.23己烷C6H12O1004.94±0.86a0.11±0.02b−−0.12±0.05b
25.82庚烷C9H2012839.6±6.41a0.11±0.04b37.59±4.2a−0.26±0.15b
37.234-甲基辛烷C9H20128−−−−0.54±0.08
417.66十一烷C11H241560.19±0.04b1±0.19b4.17±0.99a1.09±0.06b−
531.26十四烷C14H301980.21±0.02b0.13±0.01b23.7±0.73a0.13±0.07b0.16±0.02b
635.35十五烷C15H32212129.78±26.46a0.38±0.05b1.14±0.06b0.33±0.08b10.07±3.34b
742.33庚十二烷C17H3624028.42±2.17a0.11±0.02c0.37±0.04c0.13±0.09c3.16±1.36b
烷烃类含量(总计)203.23±34.58a1.79±0.11c66.97±5.8b1.67±0.16c14.30±3.32c
11.64乙醇C2H6O4611.98±4.94b32.38±1.26a12.3±4.03b34.03±1.35a1.55±0.69c
22.35异丁醇C4H10O744.11±1.05b2.95±0.42b10.77±2.71a2.01±0.56b−
33.74异戊醇C5H12O88−−−−5.34±1.79
43.8异戊醇C5H12O886.51±1.8b8.63±0.81a0.17±0.08c6.9±0.63ab0.34±0.18c
53.852-甲基丁烷-1-醇C5H12O880.78±0.26b2.22±0.15a0.06±0.02d1.92±0.07a0.42±0.21c
66.99叶醇C6H12O100−−−−5.43±1.58
77.51-己醇C6H14O1020.93±0.34a0.06±0.02b0.25±0.07b0.05±0.02b0.13±0.01b
811.671-庚醇C7H16O116−−−−0.26±0.15
914.372-乙基己醇C8H18O1301.15±0.55a0.18±0.13b0.23±0.05b0.16±0.04b−
1014.57苯甲醇C7H8O1080.74±0.06b0.18±0.06c1.26±0.36a0.18±0.004c−
1116.34辛醇C8H18O1300.22±0.04b0.22±0.17b0.32±0.12b0.23±0.12b1.19±0.33a
1217.66芳樟醇C10H18O154−−−−4.71±1.37
1318.42苯乙醇C8H10O1220.16±0.12b104.32±6.6a0.21±0.07b110.3±11.49a0.4±0.14b
1421.92α-松油醇C10H18O1545.31±1.45a0.46±0.10b4.36±0.94a0.31±0.14b5.34±1.79a
醇类含量(总计)31.89±7.01b151.60±6.66a29.96±8.23b156.09±13.76a25.00±8.13b
12.43醋酸C2H4O2600.11±0.03c1.99±0.29b0.11±0.04c1.71±0.55b3.28±0.51a
212.41己酸C6H12O21160.34±0.05bc0.93±0.39a0.16±0.05c0.59±0.14ab−
321.64辛酸C8H16O21440.07±0.03b1.05±0.06a1.09±0.08a1.09±0.08a−
425.92壬酸C9H18O21580.13±0.02b0.69±0.37b51.84±11.3a−−
530.09癸酸C10H20O21720.33±0.07b0.49±0.21ab0.64±0.1a0.44±0.07ab−
酸类含量(总计)1.00±0.13b5.14±0.05b53.83±11.55a3.83±0.67b3.28±0.51b
13.012-戊酮C5H10O86−−−−0.06±0.01
28.292-庚酮C7H14O114−−−−10.88±2.19
310.244-甲基-2-庚酮C8H16O128−−−−0.46±0.11
412.32-甲基硫兰-3-酮C5H8OS1160.1±0.02b0.29±0.06b2.78±0.25a0.3±0.05b−
512.46-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O1260.67±0.8a0.64±0.16a−0.69±0.03a0.91±0.79a
612.552-辛酮C8H16O128−−−−1.96±0.62
712.692H-吡喃-2,6(3H)-二酮C5H4O31120.38±0.07b0.89±0.47b4.33±1.29a1.44±0.79b−
817.322-壬酮C9H18O142−−−−1.08±0.28
926.662-十一酮C11H22O170−−−−0.29±0.03
1033.44香叶基丙酮C13H22O1940.43±0.04a2.3±0.33a0.19±0.07b0.24±0.04b0.16±0.02b
酮类含量(总计)1.58±0.9b4.13±0.69b7.3±1.12ab2.68±0.79b12.17±7.86a
18.19肉桂烯C8H81040.72±0.01b1.37±0.1a0.06±0.04c1.39±0.12a0.21±0.09c
214.2D-柠檬烯C10H1613615.3±3.08b0.13±0.02c37.59±4.2a0.14±0.02c1.96±0.6c
315.22(Z)-β-罗勒烯C10H16136−−−−0.12±0.05
435.7α-法呢烯C15H242040.09±0.04b0.11±0.03b15.87±2.48a0.09±0.03b0.24±0.1b
烯烃类含量(总计)16.11±3.07 b1.57±0.11c53.51±6.69a1.62±0.14a2.53±0.83c
12.722-甲基丁醛C5H10O86−−−−0.16±0.02
26.892-己烯醛C6H10O98−−−−0.44±0.03
38.61庚醛C7H14O1140.25±0.02a0.19±0.09a−−−
410.962-庚烯醛C7H12O1128.36±2.48a0.69±0.05b−0.17±0.06b−
511.08苯甲醛C7H6O1064.30±0.95a1.26±0.28b1.26±0.28b0.8±0.25b0.79±0.14b
614.94苯乙醛C8H8O1200.81±0.35a0.24±0.08b0.21±0.02b0.26±0.07b0.06±0.01b
715.652-辛烯醛C8H14O12654.96±6.86a1.16±0.04b−0.44±0.14b−
817.88壬醛C9H18O1421.58±1.08b10.27±3.15a0.07±0.02b0.51±0.11b0.9±0.4b
922.66癸醛C10H20O1566.35±0.37a0.25±0.15c3.58±0.04b0.15±0.05c−
1022.983,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O13458.04±5.96a0.51±0.06c9.75±2.05b0.54±0.14c−
1125.594-丙基苯甲醛C10H12O148−−−−0.09±0.02
醛类含量(总计)134.65±14.61a11.15±6.2b14.86±2.3b2.87±0.55b2.41±0.52b
127.492-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚C9H10O21500.19±0.03a0.25±0.01a0.22±0.07a0.22±0.04a−
235.862,4-二叔丁基苯酚C14H22O2060.59±0.03c1.88±0.11a1.42±0.16b1.79±0.31a0.40±0.07c
酚类含量(总计)0.78±0.05c2.13±0.11a1.64±0.19b2.01±0.34ab0.4±0.07d
14.39甲苯C7H8920.12±0.01b0.17±0.02b0.18±0.03b0.13±0.06b0.76±0.44a
27.4对二甲苯C8H101060.17±0.05c0.07±0.01c2.89±0.11a0.08±0.02c0.46±0.11b
38.71乙基糠基醚C7H10O21260.08±0.05c0.14±0.03bc0.85±0.05a0.21±0.01b−
49.12-乙酰呋喃C6H6O21103.57±1.73a0.07±0.03b0.05±0.01b0.05±0.01b−
524.831,3-二叔丁苯C14H221900.14±0.03b6.16±0.16a0.15±0.04b6.96±2.15a−
629.121,2-二氢-1,5,8-三甲基萘C13H161721.02±0.13a0.22±0.04b0.19±0.02b0.26±0.06b−
729.891,2-二甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯C10H12O21640.17±0.01a0.09±0.05b0.06±0.002b0.07±0.02b−
其他类含量(总计)5.27±1.58bc6.91±0.26ab4.37±0.15c7.76±2.2a1.22±0.54d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889481327128614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的挥发性成分检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)化合物名称分子式分子量
(g/mol)
相对含量(mg/L)
LRLLRTLPZLASUF
11.83乙酸甲酯C3H6O274−−−−1.21±0.07
22.26乙酸乙酯C4H8O28810.17±1.89b20.11±2.93a0.87±0.24c10.85±1.35b0.18±0.08c
33.36丙酸乙酯C5H10O21020.16±0.04a0.25±0.18a−0.07±0.04a−
44.27异丁酸乙酯C6H12O21161.67±0.09b0.09±0.01c4.01±0.70a0.09±0.05c−
54.61乙酸异丁酯C6H12O21160.18±0.04b0.36±0.01a0.42±0.06a0.24±0.03b0.07±0.02c
65.29丁酸乙酯C6H12O21161.06±0.3b0.35±0.07b10.08±1.11a0.21±0.01b0.44±0.03b
76.822-甲基丁酸乙酯C7H14O21301.58±0.41a0.16±0.02b0.09±0.02b0.14±0.03b0.29±0.10b
87.77乙酸异戊酯C7H14O21301.90±0.67c8.63±0.81a0.17±0.08d6.9±0.63b0.25±0.20d
97.862-甲基丁基乙酸酯C7H14O21300.14±0.04d2.22±0.15a0.09±0.05d1.92±0.07b0.42±0.21c
109.68己酸甲酯C7H14O21300.30±0.04a0.22±0.01a0.27±0.10a0.2±0.01a−
1113.01乙酸己酯C8H16O21440.32±0.07c10.44±1.37a0.15±0.07c10.87±1.15a3.66±1.05b
1213.113-己烯酸乙酯C8H14O21420.11±0.08c0.21±0.03ab0.14±0.02ab0.23±0.02a−
1313.34顺-3-乙酸己烯酯C8H14O2142−−−−0.44±0.16
1413.6异丁酸异戊酯C9H18O21580.14±0.05b0.15±0.03b10.32±0.4a0.13±0.04b−
1515.452-糠酸乙酯C7H8O31400.72±0.21a0.32±0.08b0.39±0.04b0.23±0.03b−
1618.91辛酸甲酯C9H18O21580.78±0.17b6.11±0.39a0.93±0.24b5.28±1.01a−
1720.98苯甲酸乙酯C9H10O21500.36±0.05c2.24±0.18b0.42±0.09c2.81±0.5a0.38±0.20c
1821.54琥珀酸二乙酯C8H14O41740.09±0.02c0.26±0.002b1.08±0.08a0.22±0.09b−
1922.04水杨酸甲酯C8H8O31522.82±0.37b0.54±0.09b76.67±5.14a0.44±0.1b−
2022.4辛酸乙酯C10H20O21721.91±0.76b55.94±1.85a1.56±0.39b59.27±9.19a1.04±0.13b
2124.44苯乙酸乙酯C10H12O21640.16±0.05c0.27±0.01bc0.43±0.12a0.31±0.02ab−
2224.72己酸异戊酯C11H22O21860.50±0.15a0.34±0.03ab0.22±0.03b0.33±0.05ab−
2324.98乙酸苯乙酯C10H12O21641.04±0.15c3.23±0.31a0.89±0.24c2.32±0.23b−
2426.83壬酸乙酯C11H22O21860.26±0.08b2.67±0.79a0.27±0.07b3.87±1.92a−
2528.04癸酸甲酯C11H22O21862.20±0.44b4.29±0.59a0.38±0.06c3.46±1.06ab−
2630.789-癸烯酸乙酯C12H22O21980.77±0.10b1.49±0.22a0.13±0.06c1.27±0.09a−
2731.18癸酸乙酯C12H24O22001.06±0.34b45.75±1.79a0.97±0.27b−−
2833.213-辛酸甲丁酯C13H26O22140.05±0.02b1.05±0.06a1.09±0.08a1.09±0.08a−
2933.332-甲基丁基辛酸酯C13H26O22140.37±0.16a0.35±0.03a0.38±0.17a0.29±0.09a−
3035.2十一酸乙酯C13H26O22140.17±0.03b0.65±0.08b7.04±1.45a0.39±0.13b−
3136.36月桂酸甲酯C13H26O22140.54±0.07a0.64±0.12a0.35±0.04b0.65±0.12−
3239.05月桂酸乙酯C14H28O22280.22±0.10c6.45±0.76a2.56±0.92b7.44±1.09a−
3340.71癸酸异戊酯C15H30O22420.75±0.09a0.71±0.15a0.4±0.04b0.75±0.2a−
3440.812-甲基丁基癸酸酯C15H30O22420.06±0.02b0.24±0.05b0.95±0.37a0.21±0.09b−
3543.06十四酸甲酯C15H30O22420.44±0.08a0.08±0.03b0.12±0.05b0.14±0.06b−
3644.86肉豆蔻酸乙酯C16H32O22562.02±0.13a0.93±0.24c1.77±0.13ab1.43±0.29b−
3746.62月桂酸异戊酯C17H34O22700.56±0.17b0.12±0.1c28.42±0.29a0.12±0.05c−
3847.213-甲基十四酸乙酯C17H34O22700.20±0.10a0.05±0.01b0.16±0.02ab0.15±0.04ab−
3947.42棕榈油酸甲酯C17H32O226810.91±1.43a0.2±0.08b0.04±0.02b0.26±0.04b−
4047.89棕榈酸甲酯C17H34O22700.51±0.27b0.46±0.15b0.78±0.10b0.83±0.28b21.16±9.09a
4148.899-十六碳烯酸乙酯C18H34O22820.91±0.22bc2.76±1.71ab0.35±0.06b4.3±0.92a−
4249.33棕榈酸乙酯C18H36O22840.15±0.09b2.98±0.67b0.19±0.08b9.85±3.45a−
4352.24亚油酸乙酯C20H36O23081.91±0.28a0.79±0.65bc0.28±0.02c1.46±0.27ab−
4452.32油酸乙酯C20H38O23100.75±0.25b1.13±0.81b0.55±0.06b2.01±0.26a−
4552.68十八酸乙酯C20H40O23121.70±0.70a−0.14±0.13b0.22±0.16b−
酯类含量(总计)53.30±8.13b168.45±25.78a156.37±11.37a143.07±20.97a29.54±10.97b
15.23己烷C6H12O1004.94±0.86a0.11±0.02b−−0.12±0.05b
25.82庚烷C9H2012839.6±6.41a0.11±0.04b37.59±4.2a−0.26±0.15b
37.234-甲基辛烷C9H20128−−−−0.54±0.08
417.66十一烷C11H241560.19±0.04b1±0.19b4.17±0.99a1.09±0.06b−
531.26十四烷C14H301980.21±0.02b0.13±0.01b23.7±0.73a0.13±0.07b0.16±0.02b
635.35十五烷C15H32212129.78±26.46a0.38±0.05b1.14±0.06b0.33±0.08b10.07±3.34b
742.33庚十二烷C17H3624028.42±2.17a0.11±0.02c0.37±0.04c0.13±0.09c3.16±1.36b
烷烃类含量(总计)203.23±34.58a1.79±0.11c66.97±5.8b1.67±0.16c14.30±3.32c
11.64乙醇C2H6O4611.98±4.94b32.38±1.26a12.3±4.03b34.03±1.35a1.55±0.69c
22.35异丁醇C4H10O744.11±1.05b2.95±0.42b10.77±2.71a2.01±0.56b−
33.74异戊醇C5H12O88−−−−5.34±1.79
43.8异戊醇C5H12O886.51±1.8b8.63±0.81a0.17±0.08c6.9±0.63ab0.34±0.18c
53.852-甲基丁烷-1-醇C5H12O880.78±0.26b2.22±0.15a0.06±0.02d1.92±0.07a0.42±0.21c
66.99叶醇C6H12O100−−−−5.43±1.58
77.51-己醇C6H14O1020.93±0.34a0.06±0.02b0.25±0.07b0.05±0.02b0.13±0.01b
811.671-庚醇C7H16O116−−−−0.26±0.15
914.372-乙基己醇C8H18O1301.15±0.55a0.18±0.13b0.23±0.05b0.16±0.04b−
1014.57苯甲醇C7H8O1080.74±0.06b0.18±0.06c1.26±0.36a0.18±0.004c−
1116.34辛醇C8H18O1300.22±0.04b0.22±0.17b0.32±0.12b0.23±0.12b1.19±0.33a
1217.66芳樟醇C10H18O154−−−−4.71±1.37
1318.42苯乙醇C8H10O1220.16±0.12b104.32±6.6a0.21±0.07b110.3±11.49a0.4±0.14b
1421.92α-松油醇C10H18O1545.31±1.45a0.46±0.10b4.36±0.94a0.31±0.14b5.34±1.79a
醇类含量(总计)31.89±7.01b151.60±6.66a29.96±8.23b156.09±13.76a25.00±8.13b
12.43醋酸C2H4O2600.11±0.03c1.99±0.29b0.11±0.04c1.71±0.55b3.28±0.51a
212.41己酸C6H12O21160.34±0.05bc0.93±0.39a0.16±0.05c0.59±0.14ab−
321.64辛酸C8H16O21440.07±0.03b1.05±0.06a1.09±0.08a1.09±0.08a−
425.92壬酸C9H18O21580.13±0.02b0.69±0.37b51.84±11.3a−−
530.09癸酸C10H20O21720.33±0.07b0.49±0.21ab0.64±0.1a0.44±0.07ab−
酸类含量(总计)1.00±0.13b5.14±0.05b53.83±11.55a3.83±0.67b3.28±0.51b
13.012-戊酮C5H10O86−−−−0.06±0.01
28.292-庚酮C7H14O114−−−−10.88±2.19
310.244-甲基-2-庚酮C8H16O128−−−−0.46±0.11
412.32-甲基硫兰-3-酮C5H8OS1160.1±0.02b0.29±0.06b2.78±0.25a0.3±0.05b−
512.46-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O1260.67±0.8a0.64±0.16a−0.69±0.03a0.91±0.79a
612.552-辛酮C8H16O128−−−−1.96±0.62
712.692H-吡喃-2,6(3H)-二酮C5H4O31120.38±0.07b0.89±0.47b4.33±1.29a1.44±0.79b−
817.322-壬酮C9H18O142−−−−1.08±0.28
926.662-十一酮C11H22O170−−−−0.29±0.03
1033.44香叶基丙酮C13H22O1940.43±0.04a2.3±0.33a0.19±0.07b0.24±0.04b0.16±0.02b
酮类含量(总计)1.58±0.9b4.13±0.69b7.3±1.12ab2.68±0.79b12.17±7.86a
18.19肉桂烯C8H81040.72±0.01b1.37±0.1a0.06±0.04c1.39±0.12a0.21±0.09c
214.2D-柠檬烯C10H1613615.3±3.08b0.13±0.02c37.59±4.2a0.14±0.02c1.96±0.6c
315.22(Z)-β-罗勒烯C10H16136−−−−0.12±0.05
435.7α-法呢烯C15H242040.09±0.04b0.11±0.03b15.87±2.48a0.09±0.03b0.24±0.1b
烯烃类含量(总计)16.11±3.07 b1.57±0.11c53.51±6.69a1.62±0.14a2.53±0.83c
12.722-甲基丁醛C5H10O86−−−−0.16±0.02
26.892-己烯醛C6H10O98−−−−0.44±0.03
38.61庚醛C7H14O1140.25±0.02a0.19±0.09a−−−
410.962-庚烯醛C7H12O1128.36±2.48a0.69±0.05b−0.17±0.06b−
511.08苯甲醛C7H6O1064.30±0.95a1.26±0.28b1.26±0.28b0.8±0.25b0.79±0.14b
614.94苯乙醛C8H8O1200.81±0.35a0.24±0.08b0.21±0.02b0.26±0.07b0.06±0.01b
715.652-辛烯醛C8H14O12654.96±6.86a1.16±0.04b−0.44±0.14b−
817.88壬醛C9H18O1421.58±1.08b10.27±3.15a0.07±0.02b0.51±0.11b0.9±0.4b
922.66癸醛C10H20O1566.35±0.37a0.25±0.15c3.58±0.04b0.15±0.05c−
1022.983,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O13458.04±5.96a0.51±0.06c9.75±2.05b0.54±0.14c−
1125.594-丙基苯甲醛C10H12O148−−−−0.09±0.02
醛类含量(总计)134.65±14.61a11.15±6.2b14.86±2.3b2.87±0.55b2.41±0.52b
127.492-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚C9H10O21500.19±0.03a0.25±0.01a0.22±0.07a0.22±0.04a−
235.862,4-二叔丁基苯酚C14H22O2060.59±0.03c1.88±0.11a1.42±0.16b1.79±0.31a0.40±0.07c
酚类含量(总计)0.78±0.05c2.13±0.11a1.64±0.19b2.01±0.34ab0.4±0.07d
14.39甲苯C7H8920.12±0.01b0.17±0.02b0.18±0.03b0.13±0.06b0.76±0.44a
27.4对二甲苯C8H101060.17±0.05c0.07±0.01c2.89±0.11a0.08±0.02c0.46±0.11b
38.71乙基糠基醚C7H10O21260.08±0.05c0.14±0.03bc0.85±0.05a0.21±0.01b−
49.12-乙酰呋喃C6H6O21103.57±1.73a0.07±0.03b0.05±0.01b0.05±0.01b−
524.831,3-二叔丁苯C14H221900.14±0.03b6.16±0.16a0.15±0.04b6.96±2.15a−
629.121,2-二氢-1,5,8-三甲基萘C13H161721.02±0.13a0.22±0.04b0.19±0.02b0.26±0.06b−
729.891,2-二甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯C10H12O21640.17±0.01a0.09±0.05b0.06±0.002b0.07±0.02b−
其他类含量(总计)5.27±1.58bc6.91±0.26ab4.37±0.15c7.76±2.2a1.22±0.54d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889481411014695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

OAV analysis of Stauntonia chinensis ferment fermented by different strains of bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 序号化合物名称香气特征阈值(mg/kg)OAV
LRLLRTLPZLASUF
1丙酸乙酯甜味、酒味0.004040.0062.50−17.50−
2异丁酸乙酯朗姆酒0.000116700.00900.0040100.00900.00−
3异丁酸异戊酯果味1.30000.110.127.940.10−
42-甲基丁酸乙酯甜美的青苹果果味0.0040395.0040.0022.5035.0072.50
5己酸甲酯果香味、培根味0.05006.004.405.404.00−
6苯乙酸乙酯甜美花香味0.10001.602.704.303.10−
7丁酸乙酯新鲜果香0.000110600.003500.00100800.002100.004400.00
82-糠酸乙酯果香、花香1.00000.720.320.390.23−
9水杨酸甲酯冬绿薄荷味0.060047.009.001277.837.33−
10十一酸乙酯法国白兰地、椰子味1.00000.170.657.040.39−
11乙酸苯乙酯花香,甜甜的蜂蜜果味0.020052.00161.5044.50116.00−
12癸酸甲酯酒香、果香、花香气味1.00002.204.290.383.46−
13辛酸甲酯甜味, 醛类气味0.50001.5612.221.8610.56−
14乙酸乙酯葡萄味、甜味7.50001.362.680.121.450.02
15壬酸乙酯果香、酒香1.20000.222.230.233.23−
16乙酸异戊酯香蕉味0.90002.119.590.197.670.28
17月桂酸乙酯甜糯花香0.33000.6719.557.7622.55−
18棕榈酸乙酯果味、奶油味1.50000.11.990.136.57−
19乙酸己酯梨和苹果样香气7.50000.041.390.021.450.49
20癸酸乙酯椰子香味0.020053.002287.5048.50−−
21辛酸乙酯蜡味、果味0.0020955.0027970.00780.0029635.00520.00
22乙酸甲酯果味、葡萄酒味0.0500−−−−24.20
23辛醇油脂气味和柑橘香味0.05404.074.075.934.2622.04
24α-松油醇木质花香0.300017.701.5314.531.0317.80
25异戊醇苹果白兰地香气和辛辣味0.70009.3012.330.249.860.49
26苯乙醇玫瑰花香0.04503.562318.224.672451.118.89
271-庚醇油脂气息和辛辣香气0.2000−−−−1.30
28芳樟醇柑橘花香甜玫瑰气味0.0015−−−−3140.00
29叶醇青草香气和新茶叶气息0.0700−−−−77.57
306-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮柑橘味、果味0.10006.706.40−6.909.10
31香叶基丙酮木兰香气0.010043.00230.0019.0024.0016.00
322-庚酮果味、辛辣、甜、草本木香0.6800−−−−16.00
332-辛酮苹果香气0.0400−−−−49.00
342-壬酮水果、花、油脂和药草似香气0.0800−−−−13.50
35庚醛醛脂肪气味0.003571.4354.29−−−
36苯乙醛风信子香气0.009090.0026.6723.3328.896.67
37壬醛油脂气味和甜橙气0.0035451.432934.2920.00145.71257.14
382-庚烯醛绿色脂质的味道0.0420199.0516.43−4.05−
39苯甲醛杏仁气味0.300014.334.204.202.675.30
402-辛烯醛脂肪和肉类香气有黄瓜、鸡肉香味0.0830662.1713.98−1.45−
412-己烯醛甜杏仁味0.0800−−−−5.50
), ArticleFig(id=1320889481499095080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889472439399359, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的OAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 序号化合物名称香气特征阈值(mg/kg)OAV
LRLLRTLPZLASUF
1丙酸乙酯甜味、酒味0.004040.0062.50−17.50−
2异丁酸乙酯朗姆酒0.000116700.00900.0040100.00900.00−
3异丁酸异戊酯果味1.30000.110.127.940.10−
42-甲基丁酸乙酯甜美的青苹果果味0.0040395.0040.0022.5035.0072.50
5己酸甲酯果香味、培根味0.05006.004.405.404.00−
6苯乙酸乙酯甜美花香味0.10001.602.704.303.10−
7丁酸乙酯新鲜果香0.000110600.003500.00100800.002100.004400.00
82-糠酸乙酯果香、花香1.00000.720.320.390.23−
9水杨酸甲酯冬绿薄荷味0.060047.009.001277.837.33−
10十一酸乙酯法国白兰地、椰子味1.00000.170.657.040.39−
11乙酸苯乙酯花香,甜甜的蜂蜜果味0.020052.00161.5044.50116.00−
12癸酸甲酯酒香、果香、花香气味1.00002.204.290.383.46−
13辛酸甲酯甜味, 醛类气味0.50001.5612.221.8610.56−
14乙酸乙酯葡萄味、甜味7.50001.362.680.121.450.02
15壬酸乙酯果香、酒香1.20000.222.230.233.23−
16乙酸异戊酯香蕉味0.90002.119.590.197.670.28
17月桂酸乙酯甜糯花香0.33000.6719.557.7622.55−
18棕榈酸乙酯果味、奶油味1.50000.11.990.136.57−
19乙酸己酯梨和苹果样香气7.50000.041.390.021.450.49
20癸酸乙酯椰子香味0.020053.002287.5048.50−−
21辛酸乙酯蜡味、果味0.0020955.0027970.00780.0029635.00520.00
22乙酸甲酯果味、葡萄酒味0.0500−−−−24.20
23辛醇油脂气味和柑橘香味0.05404.074.075.934.2622.04
24α-松油醇木质花香0.300017.701.5314.531.0317.80
25异戊醇苹果白兰地香气和辛辣味0.70009.3012.330.249.860.49
26苯乙醇玫瑰花香0.04503.562318.224.672451.118.89
271-庚醇油脂气息和辛辣香气0.2000−−−−1.30
28芳樟醇柑橘花香甜玫瑰气味0.0015−−−−3140.00
29叶醇青草香气和新茶叶气息0.0700−−−−77.57
306-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮柑橘味、果味0.10006.706.40−6.909.10
31香叶基丙酮木兰香气0.010043.00230.0019.0024.0016.00
322-庚酮果味、辛辣、甜、草本木香0.6800−−−−16.00
332-辛酮苹果香气0.0400−−−−49.00
342-壬酮水果、花、油脂和药草似香气0.0800−−−−13.50
35庚醛醛脂肪气味0.003571.4354.29−−−
36苯乙醛风信子香气0.009090.0026.6723.3328.896.67
37壬醛油脂气味和甜橙气0.0035451.432934.2920.00145.71257.14
382-庚烯醛绿色脂质的味道0.0420199.0516.43−4.05−
39苯甲醛杏仁气味0.300014.334.204.202.675.30
402-辛烯醛脂肪和肉类香气有黄瓜、鸡肉香味0.0830662.1713.98−1.45−
412-己烯醛甜杏仁味0.0800−−−−5.50
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酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响
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刘莎 1, 2 , 郎瑞 2 , 严梅 2 , 王瑜 1, 2 , 李立郎 1, 2 , 周美 2 , 李春燕 2 , 杨娟 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(4): 36-48
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (4) : 36 -48
酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响
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刘莎1, 2 , 郎瑞2, 严梅2, 王瑜1, 2, 李立郎1, 2, 周美2, 李春燕2, 杨娟1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州医科大学药学院,中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室,贵州贵阳 561113
  • 2贵州省天然产物研究中心,贵州贵阳 550014
通讯作者:
杨娟(1971−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然药食两用植物资源活性物质研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘莎(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然药物化学,E-mail:

Effect of Co-fermentation of Yeast with Different Lactobacillus Species on the Quality of Stauntonia chinensis Ferment
Sha LIU1, 2 , Rui LANG2, Mei YAN2, Yu WANG1, 2, Lilang LI1, 2, Mei ZHOU2, Chunyan LI2, Juan YANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
  • 2Guizhou Natural Products Research Center, Guiyang 550014, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020091
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为探究不同乳酸杆菌强化发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响,本研究以新鲜野木瓜果浆为原料,采用罗伊氏乳杆菌(LRL)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(LRT)、植物乳杆菌(LPZ)、嗜酸乳杆菌(LAS)与酵母菌进行复合发酵,分析发酵过程中的常规理化指标、功效成分、抗氧化活性及风味物质的变化。结果表明:随发酵进行,不同发酵体系中总酸含量逐渐增加,而pH、可溶性固形物和三萜含量逐步下降,总酚含量则先降低后升高。发酵至15 d时,LRT发酵体系中三萜含量最高,为5.57 mg/100 mL,LAS发酵体系中多酚含量最高,为4.27 mg/mL。此外,DPPH自由基清除能力和SOD酶活性在LRT体系中最高,而羟自由基抑制率在LRL体系中最高。通过GC-MS结合OAV法分析,发现除LRL发酵体系外,酯类的种类和含量在其他3种体系中均增加。其中,LRT发酵体系中检测到87种挥发性成分,主要为酯类(168.45 mg/L)和醇类(151.60 mg/L),OAV≥1的挥发性物质共30种,主要关键风味物质为异丁酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、苯乙醇、壬醛。主成分分析(PCA)表明,复合菌种制备的野木瓜酵素与未发酵的野木瓜挥发性成分的种类和含量相差较大,丰富了野木瓜挥发性成分组成,且LRT发酵体系风味最为丰富。综上所述,酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素的品质有不同影响,且LRT发酵体系在功效成分含量、抗氧化能力和风味物质改善方面均表现较佳。

野木瓜  /  酵素  /  复合发酵  /  抗氧化活性  /  多酚  /  风味物质

To investigate the effect of enhanced fermentation of different Lactobacillus species on the quality of Stauntonia chinensis ferment, the fresh Stauntonia chinensis pulp was utilized as the raw material. Lactobacillus royceae (LRL), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRT), Lactobacillus plantarum (LPZ), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAS) combined with yeast were used in the co-fermentation. Changes in conventional physicochemical indexes, functional components, antioxidant activity, and flavor components were systematically analyzed during the fermentation process. The results indicated that the total acid content increased gradually, while pH, soluble solids, and triterpene content decreased. After 15 days of fermentation, the LRT fermentation system exhibited the highest triterpene content at 5.57 mg/100 mL, while the LAS system showed the highest polyphenol content at 4.27 mg/mL. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity and SOD enzyme activity were highest in the LRT system, whereas the hydroxyl radical inhibition rate was highest in the LRL system. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with odor activity value (OAV) analysis, it was found that except for the LRL fermentation system, the types and contents of esters increased in the other three systems. Notably, a total of 87 volatile components were detected in LRT fermentation system, predominantly comprising esters (168.45 mg/L) and alcohols (151.60 mg/L). Among these, 30 volatile components had an OAV≥1, and the primary key volatile components were ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl caprate, phenylethanol and nonanal. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the types and contents of Stauntonia chinensis ferment prepared by composite strains differed significantly from those of unfermented Stauntonia chinensis. This fermentation process enriched the composition of volatile components in Stauntonia chinensis ferment, and the LRT fermentation system had the richest flavor profile. In conclusion, the quality of Stauntonia chinensis ferment was influenced by the co-fermentation of yeast with different Lactobacillus species. The LRT fermentation system demonstrated superior performance in terms of functional component content, antioxidant activity, and flavor profile improvement.

Stauntonia chinensis  /  ferment  /  co-fermentation  /  antioxidant activity  /  polyphenols  /  flavor component
刘莎, 郎瑞, 严梅, 王瑜, 李立郎, 周美, 李春燕, 杨娟. 酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 36 -48 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020091
Sha LIU, Rui LANG, Mei YAN, Yu WANG, Lilang LI, Mei ZHOU, Chunyan LI, Juan YANG. Effect of Co-fermentation of Yeast with Different Lactobacillus Species on the Quality of Stauntonia chinensis Ferment[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 36 -48 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020091
野木瓜(Stauntonia chinensis)生长于我国南部,素有“百益之果”美称[1],其作为地方特有的药食两用资源,富含维生素、矿物质、蛋白质、多糖和有机酸等[2]。此外,野木瓜中还含有超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、绿原酸、齐墩果酸等有效成分,具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血脂、镇痛、抗氧化等药理作用[3]。但由于野木瓜果实的糖酸比较低、质地较硬、口感不佳,难以直接食用,通常需要进行加工处理才能食用[4]。因此,野木瓜通常被开发成果汁,果酒,饮料,果醋等高附加值产品[5−7]。随着人们对健康生活的追求日益增强,天然、健康和功能性的食品及保健品受到越来越多的消费者的青睐。野木瓜作为一种绿色、天然的药食两用资源,因其鲜果的特性不便于直接食用,因此将其制备为酵素,不仅可以有效提升野木瓜的食用价值,丰富其营养成分,还能为消费者提供更多的健康选择。
微生物酵素是以一种或多种新鲜蔬菜、水果、菌菇、中草药等为原料,经多种有益菌发酵而产生的,含有丰富的维生素、酶、矿物质和次生代谢产物等营养成分的功能性微生物发酵产品[8]。由于其具有抗氧化,抗菌,消炎,提高免疫功能,修复身体损伤等作用,因而受到广泛关注[9−10]。通过益生菌对新鲜水果进行发酵能改变原料中的风味物质及生理活性物质的构成与含量[11]。覃引等[12]比较了不同发酵方式所制备的覆盆子-石榴复合果汁酵素的抗氧化活性,结果表明混合发酵比单纯发酵及自然发酵具有更好的抗氧化活性。赵宇等[13]通过接种酵母菌和乳酸杆菌发酵制备西梅酵素,并对不同发酵阶段的4组样品进行检测,共检测出37种挥发性化合物;该研究表明,经发酵处理后,西梅酵素中的挥发性成分种类及含量有所提高,丰富了西梅酵素特征香气和宜人风味。张江宁等[14]研究发现,通过乳酸杆菌、酵母菌偶联发酵红枣汁,共检测出53种挥发性化合物,并证明通过混菌发酵能够有效提高发酵枣汁的品质。Mandha等[15]在发酵芒果汁中鉴定出44种挥发性物质,其中酮类和呋喃类化合物含量显著增加。
乳酸杆菌和酵母菌兼具益生菌和发酵特性,是制备酵素类产品的优良发酵菌剂[16−18]。复合发酵过程中,酵母菌在发酵初期快速消耗氧气,创造厌氧环境,并生成乙醇和CO2。乳酸杆菌则在厌氧条件下主导产酸(如乳酸),降低pH,抑制病原菌生长。两者通过协同、竞争、拮抗等方式相互调节,较单菌发酵可提高发酵效率,使得发酵产物中有机酸、醇类物质、酚类物质等风味物质的含量提高,有助于提高发酵产品的品质,延长保质期,满足天然健康产品的需求[19]。然而,目前关于酵母菌和乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响仍需进一步研究。因此,为探究酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵对野木瓜酵素品质的影响,本文通过追踪野木瓜复合发酵过程中发酵液理化指标、功效成分、抗氧化活性的动态变化,并分析比较未发酵的野木瓜及经4种复合菌种发酵后的野木瓜酵素挥发性成分的差异,旨在探索野木瓜的潜在应用价值,为加快野木瓜资源的高效开发和利用提供一定的理论与实践依据。
鲜野木瓜 贵州威凌生物科技有限公司,采摘于贵州省遵义市正安县;酵母菌(安琪活性干酵母粉BV818) 安琪酵母股份有限公司;PG-LAS107嗜酸乳杆菌、G-LPZ131植物乳杆菌、G-LRT109鼠李糖乳杆菌、G-LRL116罗伊氏乳杆菌 山东嘉诚生物科技有限公司;环己酮(>98%) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;纤维素酶(2万U/g)、果胶酶(3万U/g) 南宁庞博生物工程有限公司;超氧化物歧化酶试剂盒、DPPH、羟自由基试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
GZX-9420MBE烘箱、BZF-50干燥箱 上海博迅实业有限公司;BS-210S电子天平 北京赛多利斯仪器有限公司;Cary60UV-VIS分光光度计、HP6890/5975C气质联用仪、HP-5MS石英毛细管色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm) 美国安捷伦公司;SKG-PB-936打浆机 上海达瑞宝公司;SAAB-57348-U固相微萃取装置(2 cm-50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS) Supelco公司;VarioskanLUX酶标仪 Thermo Fisher公司;Millipore-0026纯水机 Millipore公司;LDZX-50L高压蒸汽灭菌锅 上海申安医疗器械厂;PHS-3C酸度计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;080SD超声波清洗机 深圳市超洁科技实业有限公司。
野木瓜酵素的制备参考文献[20],并做适当调整;挑选无虫害的鲜野木瓜用清水清洗干净、去核。按料液比1:1加水混合后进行打浆破碎,添加10%的白糖,装瓶灭菌(121℃,0.1 MPa,30 min),冷却至35~40 ℃。按照浆液的重量添加0.2%的纤维素酶和0.2%的果胶酶。将酵母菌与不同的乳杆菌按质量比为1:2比例混合(LRL:酵母菌+罗伊氏乳杆菌;LRT:酵母菌+鼠李糖乳杆菌;LPZ:酵母菌+植物乳杆菌;LAS:酵母菌+嗜酸乳杆菌)采用37 ℃温水活化后,按照0.2%的质量比添加进行接种发酵,控制发酵温度为20~25 ℃,pH为3.5,恒温有氧发酵15 d后,得到各复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素;其间在发酵0、3、7、11、15 d时取上清液过滤,滤液用于后续检测,具体流程参见图1。
总酸:参照国标GB 12456-2021 《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》中的酸碱滴定法检测,根据滴定样品稀释液消耗的NaOH溶液量,计算样品中的总酸含量(乳酸当量)。
pH:使用酸度计直接测定。
可溶性固形物含量:用手持糖度-折射仪检测,检测前吸取纯净水进行调零,后吸取待测液体2~3滴于镜面并开始检测记录可溶性固形物含量以及监测温度,根据可溶性固形物含量温度校正表进行校正后得出最终值。
总酚含量:各样品取1 mL稀释100倍,摇匀后精密吸取稀释液1 mL至10 mL试管中先加水6 mL,摇匀再加入福林酚试液0.5 mL,摇匀0.5~8 min内加入20% Na2CO3溶液1.5 mL,加水定容至刻度,摇匀于75 ℃水浴中反应10 min。以没食子酸为对照品绘制标准曲线,得到y=73.321x+0.1545,R2=0.9926,其中x为没食子酸浓度,y为吸光度。采用UV-VIS计在760 nm处测定吸光值,将吸光度y代入上式标准曲线,乘以稀释倍数,得样品总酚含量[21]。
总三萜含量:分别精密吸取1 mL各样品于50 mL容量瓶中,加入无水乙醇定容,超声(400 W,30 ℃)1 h进行提取。超声结束后,将提取液混匀,即得供试液。分别精密吸取1 mL供试液于试管中,90 ℃水浴挥干后,加入5%香草醛-冰醋酸混合溶液0.1 mL,继续加入高氯酸溶液(70%~72%)0.8 mL,于60 ℃水浴条件下反应20 min,结束后于冰水浴中冷却4 min,继续加入5 mL冰醋酸混匀。以齐墩果酸为对照品绘制标准曲线得到y=0.0048x+0.1934,R2=0.998,其中y为吸光度,x为齐墩果酸质量。采用UV-VIS计在550 nm处测定吸光值,将吸光度y代入上式标准曲线,计算出样品中所含总三萜质量除以样品体积,得到总三萜含量 [22]。
SOD酶活性、DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基抑制率的检测均参照试剂盒说明书进行测定与计算。
样品提取方法:精密吸取样品3 mL,内标溶液(环己酮0.7554 mg/mL)5 µL,置于20 mL采样瓶中。在45 ℃加热条件下顶空萃取10 min后,插入长度为1 cm的固相微萃取采样器,继续萃取30 min,萃取过程中每10 s搅动2 s,萃取结束后,移出萃取头并立即插入气相色谱仪进样口(温度250 ℃)中,热解析进样。
测定条件:色谱柱为HP-5MS UItra Inert(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)弹性石英毛细管柱;初始温度42 ℃(保留2 min),以3 ℃/min升温至150 ℃,再以5 ℃/min升温至210 ℃,最后10 ℃/min升温至310 ℃(保留2 min);运行时间:62 min;汽化室温度250 ℃;载气为高纯He(99.99%);柱前压7.18 psi,载气流量1.0 mL/min,不分流,溶剂延迟时间:1 min。离子源温度230 ℃;MS1四极杆温度150 ℃;MS2四极杆温度150 ℃;电子能量70 eV;发射电流34.6 μA;倍增器电压2377 V;接口温度250 ℃;质量范围30~500 amu。
定性方法:对总离子流图中的各峰经质谱计算机数据系统检索及核对Nist20标准质谱图,确定挥发性化学成分。
定量方法:挥发性成分采用内标半定量法[23−24],计算公式如下:
$ \text{C}_2({\mathrm{mg/L}})=\frac{\text{C}_1\times \text{V}_1\times \text{S}_2}{\text{V}_0\times \text{S}_1}\times 1000 $
式中:C2为目标化合物质量浓度,mg/L;C1为内标质量浓度,mg/mL;V1为内标体积,mL;V0为样品体积,mL;S2为目标化合物峰面积;S1为内标峰面积。
以上实验重复进行三次,使用SPSS 26软件进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),P<0.05具有统计学意义。采用GraphPad 9.50和Origin 2021进行绘图。
pH可以反映发酵过程的异常情况,总酸含量表明微生物的代谢变化情况。发酵过程中的pH持续降低、总酸含量不断增加,由图2A可知,0~3 d时,各发酵体系中的野木瓜发酵液pH由最初的3.39~3.55迅速下降至3.01~3.10,与第0 d相比,第3 d时pH具有显著性差异(P<0.05),继续发酵pH趋于稳定;发酵过程中发酵液总酸含量总体呈升高趋势,0~3 d时,总酸含量由最初的8.59~9.99 g/L增加至17.28~18.39 g/L,与第0 d相比,第3 d时总酸含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在3~15 d时,总酸含量缓慢升高至17.85~20.49 g/L(图2B)。可溶性固形物是指能溶于水的化合物,其含量的变化可直观反映发酵液品质,主要包括糖、有机酸、矿物质等。在发酵0~3 d时,可溶性固形物含量迅速下降(图2C),原因是微生物迅速繁殖,大量消耗原料中的糖类等可溶性营养物质进行生长和发酵[25]。在3~15 d期间,可溶性固形物含量先上升后下降,可能是微生物为维持生命活动开始将野木瓜发酵液中的其他物质转化为可溶性碳水化合物并逐渐进行利用,从而导致可溶性固形物含量先上升后下降。在发酵过程中(0~15 d),LRT复合发酵体系的pH由3.55降至2.97,总酸含量由9.99 g/L升至20.49 g/L,可溶性固形物含量由3.50°Brix降至2.23°Brix,变化均有显著性差异(P<0.05),且该发酵体系在总酸含量的增加程度及对野木瓜中可溶性固形物的利用程度相较于其他3种复合发酵体系更高。
由图3A可知,随着发酵的进行(0~15 d),不同菌种复合发酵体系总三萜含量整体呈下降趋势(P<0.05),与Li等[26]采用嗜酸乳杆菌(GIM1.208)发酵刺梨的趋势一致;这可能是发酵期间乳酸杆菌降解了三萜类化合物所致[26]。发酵结束后,LPZ、LAS、LRL、LRT制备的野木瓜酵素中总三萜含量分别为1.48、1.48、5.50和5.57 mg/100 mL,较发酵前分别降低了85.27%、85.44%、41.21%和37.95%。由图3B可知,4种复合菌种在发酵前期(0~3 d)总酚含量下降;在3~11 d期间,总酚含量持续增加,第11 d时,各发酵体系中总酚含量与3 d时相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05),且总酚含量于第11 d时达到最高值,分别为LPZ(7.19 mg/mL)、LAS(9.41 mg/mL)、LRL(7.45 mg/mL)和LRT(8.51 mg/mL),较发酵前分别提高了15.73%、64.05%、16.73%和40.00%。在11 d后,总酚含量迅速下降,第15 d时,各发酵体系中总酚含量与11 d时相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。发酵结束后LPZ、LAS、LRL和LRT发酵体系中,总酚含量分别为2.89、4.27、2.99和3.35 mg/mL。发酵3 d后总酚含量的增加可能归因于微生物(如:酵母菌、乳酸杆菌)分泌的胞外水解酶对聚合酚类物质的水解作用促进了游离酚的释放与积累,而不同发酵体系间总酚含量的差异则与各菌株的个体适应性及其胞外水解酶合成能力的特异性密切相关[25]。发酵11 d后,发酵体系中酵母菌和乳酸杆菌的生长进入衰亡期,菌体数量减少。在此过程中,菌体内的多种酶(如:多酚氧化酶)被释放出来,使得多酚的氧化和降解占据主导地位,导致发酵体系中总酚含量下降[27]。
SOD作为一种重要的抗氧化酶,其酶活力常被用来衡量酵素酶活性的高低和发酵系统的抗氧化活性强弱[10]。如图4所示,经复合发酵后(15 d),各发酵体系中SOD酶活力与第0 d相比显著下降(P<0.05)。分析原因可能为SOD在高温下不稳定,酵素制备流程中高温灭菌可导致SOD酶活力损失;以及在发酵初期(0~3 d),发酵体系内的糖类物质被微生物快速消耗,生成有机酸(如乳酸、乙酸),导致体系总酸含量显著积累并伴随着pH的降低,从而使得发酵体系酸化偏离SOD的最适pH,进而导致SOD酶活力降低[28−29]。发酵结束后,LPZ、LAS、LRL、LRT制备的野木瓜酵素中SOD酶活较发酵前分别降低了61.46%、65.39%、66.28%和55.90%。
采用DPPH和OH·两种不同抗氧化方法来评价复合发酵体系的抗氧化能力[30]。由图5A可知,4种复合发酵菌种在发酵过程中均能提升发酵体系中DPPH自由基清除能力,其清除能力随着发酵时间的增加而先上升后下降。在0~3 d期间,LRL、LRT和LPZ均可提高发酵体系DPPH自由基清除能力;第3 d时,这3种发酵体系中DPPH自由基清除能力与0 d时相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在3~15 d期间,LRL、LPZ和LRT这3种复合发酵体系中DPPH自由基清除能力随着发酵时间逐步降低;第15 d时,除LRT发酵体系外,其余2种发酵体系中DPPH自由基清除能力与3 d时相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05);这与张文刚等[31]研究结果一致。LAS发酵体系DPPH自由基清除能力在第0~11 d期间逐步升高,第11 d时与第0 d相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05);在11~15 d时则开始下降,第15 d时与第11 d相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。其原因为在发酵初期,乳酸杆菌进入快速产酸阶段,此时DPPH自由基清除能力的提升主要得益于有机酸积累[32];同时,发酵过程中生成的酚类物质等代谢产物[33]也发挥了积极作用。例如,Wang等[34]研究发现,发酵后的黑苦莓汁中,酚酸和类黄酮的转化增强了其清除DPPH自由基的能力。随着发酵时间的延长,复合发酵体系中菌种生长进入稳定期或衰亡期,代谢产物合成减少,同时降解酶活性增强,导致具有DPPH清除能力的物质被分解所致[35]。发酵结束后,LPZ、LAS、LRL、LRT制备的野木瓜酵素中DPPH自由基清除率分别为77.75%、77.4%、84.88%和86.99%。
由图5B可见,在整个发酵过程中4种复合发酵体系的羟自由基抑制率呈下降上升交替变化的波动趋势,这一变化与宋吉玲等[36]研究结果相似。发酵结束后,所有发酵体系的羟自由基抑制率相较于未发酵时均有所降低,且差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。这是由于发酵前期在供氧条件下,复合发酵导致发酵液中产生了羟自由基[37],进而导致了复合发酵体系中羟自由基抑制率下降;随着发酵时间的不断增加,发酵体系中酚类化合物的不断增加,从而使发酵体系中羟自由基的抑制率有所增加,但其抑制率仍低于发酵前,推测可能是发酵体系中过量的羟自由基抵消了酚类物质的清除效果。发酵结束后,LPZ、LAS、LRL、LRT制备的野木瓜酵素中羟自由基抑制率分别为31.50%、33.66%、41.01%和37.14%。
Feng等[38]在综述中指出,不同乳酸杆菌(LAB)的自由基清除能力存在差异,主要源于其抗氧化系统、代谢产物谱及菌株特异性特征的不同。本研究以4种乳酸杆菌与酵母菌对野木瓜进行复合发酵,发现不同发酵体系的抗氧化能力总体趋势相似,但在发酵过程中均随时间呈现不同的动态变化。这一现象可能归因于不同乳酸杆菌在发酵过程中产生的代谢产物(如有机酸、胞外多糖及过氧化物酶等)存在差异。
如表1所示,4种复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素(发酵15 d)在总酸、总三萜含量、SOD酶活、DPPH清除率和羟自由基抑制率方面均有显著差异(P<0.05)。在理化指标方面,4种复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素pH维持在2.97~3.01,其中,LRT发酵体系pH最低(2.97)。4种复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素总酸含量则呈现LRT>LPZ>LRL>LAS的关系,各复合菌种间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。功效成分分析表明,总三萜的含量呈现菌株特异性,LRT与LRL组分别为5.57 mg/100 mL和5.50 mg/100 mL,显著高于另外2种发酵体系(P<0.05)。而总酚含量则以LAS表现最优(4.27 mg/mL),这可能与乳酸杆菌各菌株的个体适应性及其胞外水解酶合成能力的特异性密切相关[25]。抗氧化活性综合评价表明,LRT在SOD酶活(198.71 U/mL)和DPPH清除率(86.99%)两项指标上比其他3种复合菌种更高,其DPPH清除能力较LAS提高了9.59%。而羟自由基抑制率则是LRL优于其他3种复合菌种。
由此可知,发酵至15 d时,与其他3种复合菌种比较,LRT发酵体系中pH最低;总酸和总三萜含量最高,多酚含量则在LAS发酵体系中最高。此外, DPPH自由基清除能力和SOD酶活性在LRT体系中最高,而羟自由基抑制率在LRL体系中最高。
采用固相微萃取技术提取进样后,经过气相-质谱记录分子碎片信息,得到的总离子流图见图6。由图6可知,采用GC-MS能较好地将野木瓜及其酵素中的挥发性成分进行分离,并且可以观察到野木瓜经发酵后,色谱峰数量有所增加,且LRL、LRT、LPZ和LAS制备的野木瓜酵素色谱峰数量均比未发酵的野木瓜多。
采用固相微萃取-气质(SPME-GC-MS)对未发酵的野木瓜及4种复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素进行风味物质测定分析,结果见图7。以上4种复合菌种发酵野木瓜酵素的挥发性成分有酯类、烷烃类、醇类、酸类、酮类、烯烃类、醛类、酚类及其他类。未经发酵的野木瓜挥发性成分含量较高的是酯类、醇类、烷烃类,分别为29.54、25.00、14.30 mg/L;LRL发酵的野木瓜酵素中挥发性成分含量较高的是烷烃类、醛类、酯类,分别为203.23、134.65、53.30 mg/L;LRT发酵的野木瓜酵素中挥发性成分含量较高的是酯类和醇类,分别为168.45、151.60 mg/L;LPZ发酵的野木瓜酵素中挥发性成分相对含量较高的是酯类、烷烃类、酸类、烯烃类,分别为156.37、66.97、53.83、53.51 mg/L;LAS发酵的野木瓜酵素中挥发性成分含量较高的是酯类和醇类,分别为143.07、156.09 mg/L。相较于未发酵的野木瓜,除LRL主要增加了野木瓜酵素的烷烃类和醛类物质含量外,其他三种复合菌种均增加了野木瓜酵素的酯类物质含量。LRT和LAS还增加了野木瓜酵素的醇类物质含量,减少了烷烃类物质的含量,LPZ增加了野木瓜酵素的酸类和烯烃类物质含量。
表2概述了未发酵的野木瓜及各组野木瓜酵素中的风味物质分析结果。对未发酵的野木瓜和发酵后各组野木瓜酵素进行挥发性风味物质检测,鉴定出原料中含有51种挥发性风味物质,经LRL、LRT、LPZ和LAS发酵制备的野木瓜酵素分别鉴定出88、87、82和83种挥发性物质(图8),说明野木瓜经以上4种复合菌种发酵后风味物质种类数增加,风味更为丰富。4中乳杆菌与酵母菌复合发酵后,野木瓜酵素中酯类含量均有所增加。其中,LRT、LPZ和LAS在发酵野木瓜的过程中产生大量酯类物质,对野木瓜酵素的整体风味具有积极作用;酯类物质能够赋予野木瓜酵素令人愉悦的水果香气[39],例如:乙酸乙酯能够产生浓郁的葡萄香味,己酸乙酯能够带来香蕉香气,乙酸甲酯赋予样品清甜的果香[13]。LRT发酵体系比其它三种发酵体系增加了更多酯类物质且含量最高,为168.45 mg/L,是未发酵野木瓜的5.70倍,是LRL、LPZ、LAS发酵体系的3.16、1.08、1.18倍。与UF相比,采用LRT、LPZ和LAS发酵方法制备的野木瓜酵素中酯类物质含量显著提高(P<0.05),而LRL发酵制备的野木瓜酵素与UF相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。表2显示未发酵的野木瓜中主要的酯类为棕榈酸甲酯(21.16 mg/L)。有研究表明,棕榈酸甲酯是苦瓜粉中关键特征挥发性物质之一[40]。经LRL发酵后,野木瓜酵素中主要的酯类为棕榈油酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯,LRT中主要为乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、辛酸乙酯和癸酸乙酯,LPZ中主要为丁酸乙酯、异丁酸异戊酯、水杨酸甲酯和月桂酸异戊酯,LAS中主要为乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、辛酸乙酯和棕榈酸乙酯。醇类物质在野木瓜酵素的风味特征中同样起着重要作用,由LRT和LAS所制备的野木瓜酵素中醇类物质含量较高,与LRL、LPZ和UF相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。其中,α-松油醇、异戊醇、异丁醇、苯乙醇能够赋予野木瓜酵素木质花香、花香、麦芽香气、威士忌味、甜香[13]。此外,除LRL制备的野木瓜酵素中醛类化合物的含量较高外,LRT、LPZ和LAS发酵体系中醛类的相对含量较低,与LRL发酵体系相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。大多数醛类物质在低浓度时往往呈现清香、果香或脂肪香等令人愉悦的香气,但其易被氧化还原为酸类和醇类物质,且过量积累易产生土腥味、金属味等一些令人不愉快的气味[13,41]。因此,通过筛选适宜的酵母菌与乳酸杆菌构建复合发酵体系,可有效调控发酵体系中醛类物质的水平,提高挥发性酯类和醇类等挥发性成分的种类和含量,有助于构建以果香和花香为核心特征的野木瓜酵素香气体系。
OAV是挥发性组分的浓度与感官阈值的比值,通常当OAV≥1时,表明该物质对整体风味具有贡献,定为关键化合物,且OAV值越大,贡献越大。0.1≤OAV<1,说明该物质对总体风味有修饰作用,定为修饰性风味化合物。OAV<0.1,说明该物质对总体风味无显著影响,定为潜在风味化合物[42]。如表3所示,未发酵的野木瓜(UF)和发酵的野木瓜酵素(LRL、LRT、LPZ、LAS)中关键挥发性物质共有41种,其中LRL、LRT、LPZ、LAS和UF的关键风味化合物分别为26、30、20、28和19种。LRL发酵体系中的关键风味物质,以丁酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和壬醛为主,赋予该体系突出的果香(青苹果、菠萝)、酒香(朗姆酒)及甜橙油脂香气。LRT发酵体系中的关键风味物质以癸酸乙酯和苯乙醇为主,贡献了浓郁的椰子香和玫瑰花香,辅以异丁酸乙酯和壬醛的朗姆酒、甜橙风味,使发酵体系的香气更复杂、甜美。LPZ发酵体系中的关键风味物质以丁酸乙酯和异丁酸乙酯为主,为发酵体系带来了果香(菠萝、香蕉)。LAS发酵体系中的关键风味物质以辛酸乙酯为主,赋予了发酵体系蜡质果香,并辅以苯乙醇的花香。而UF发酵体系中的关键风味物质以芳樟醇的柑橘玫瑰香、叶醇的青草香及辛醇的油脂柑橘味为主导,该体系中以植物本源香气为主。
采用Origin 2021对LRL、LRT、LPZ、LAS和UF进行主成分分析(PCA),结果如图9所示,PCA-2D图能充分反映未发酵的野木瓜及4种复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素的总体特征。在PCA分析图中,样品之间距离近代表差异小,距离远代表差异明显[41,44]。从样本的聚集、离散程度来看,LRL和LRT、LAS和UF以及LPZ分布在不同的平面内,说明它们的挥发性风味物质组成有差异;从距离来看,LRL、LRT和LPZ样本间距离较近并远离UF,说明这三种复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素挥发性成分相似且与未发酵的野木瓜相差较大。从以上的分析可知,LRL、LRT和LPZ的挥发性成分的数量分别为88、87和82种;但相较于未发酵的野木瓜,LRL发酵的野木瓜酵素中挥发性成分含量较高的是烷烃类和醛类,LRT中含量较高的是酯类和醇类,LPZ中含量较高的是酯类和烷烃类。
本研究采用酵母菌与不同乳酸杆菌复合发酵野木瓜,并对发酵过程中理化指标、功效成分含量、抗氧化活性的差异及风味物质等进行分析。结果表明,不同菌种复合发酵对野木瓜酵素的品质均有不同的影响。发酵15 d后,LRT的产酸能力及对野木瓜中可溶性固形物的利用程度相较于其他3种复合菌种更高,且LRT发酵体系具备较高的总三萜含量、DPPH自由基清除能力、SOD酶活性及酯类物质含量。在挥发性风味物质组成方面,不同复合菌种发酵的野木瓜酵素均有所不同。其中,LRT发酵显著促进了酯类和醇类物质的积累,其关键风味物质主要以癸酸乙酯和苯乙醇为主,这两种风味物质分别赋予了发酵体系浓郁的椰子香和玫瑰花香特征。此外,异丁酸乙酯和壬醛的协同作用进一步贡献了朗姆酒和甜橙的风味,使LRT发酵体系呈现的香气更为复杂、甜美。因此,相较于其他3种复合发酵方式,采用LRT发酵更有利于野木瓜酵素酯类和醇类物质的富集。综上,LRT是适宜用于制备野木瓜酵素的菌种。本研究为野木瓜资源的高效利用及果蔬发酵产品的品质调控提供了参考。但目前研究尚存不足,在未来的研究中可聚焦于酵母菌与乳酸杆菌复合发酵的代谢互作机制,以及对野木瓜酵素的益生功能特性与贮藏期品质变化规律进行系统研究,以推动功能性酵素产品的标准化开发。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020091
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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    1贵州医科大学药学院,中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室,贵州贵阳 561113
    2贵州省天然产物研究中心,贵州贵阳 550014

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杨娟(1971−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然药食两用植物资源活性物质研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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