Article(id=1320889194164106083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739289600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854124823, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854124823, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854124823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854124823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=25, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889194361238372, articleId=1320889194164106083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Brown Rice in Different Regions on Starch Characteristics and Quality of Instant Noodle Sheets, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the effects of brown rice from different regions on starch properties and eating quality of instant noodle sheets (NS), refined wheat flour (FD) was blended with six types of brown rice flour from different regions at a ratio of 25%, and the mixtures were processed into instant noodle sheets by extrusion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the structural differences in starch. Microstructure of NS was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quality of NS was evaluated by measuring its rehydration and digestion properties. The results showed that brown rice addition significantly increased the dietary fiber content in NS (1.26%~1.78%), while reducing the contents of total starch, amylose, and protein (61.50%~71.43%, 8.64%~23.67%, and 8.73%~10.83%, respectively). Starch in NS exhibited a V-type crystal structure. Owing to the high amylose content (23.67% and 19.90%) and suitable lipid-binding abilities, the Jilin-Instant Noodle Sheets (YZ-NS) and Hubei - Instant Noodle Sheets (HB-NS) had increased crystallinity (26.16% and 20.61%, respectively) and denser microstructures. The Jiangsu-Instant Noodle Sheet (JS–NS) had the highest dietary fiber content (1.78%), resulting in a looser starch gel structure, which shortened the sample rehydration time (3.20 min), but it resulted in the highest broken noodle rate (19.50%). In contrast, YZ-NS had a rehydration loss rate of 8.17% and broken noodle rate of 13.75%, indicating better quality. The digestion results showed that YZ-NS had the lowest in vitro digestibility due to its high crystallinity (26.16%) and V-type complexes formation, whereas wheat flour-Instant Noodle Sheet (FD–NS) had the highest digestibility (85%) owing to its high amylose content (37.72%) and low dietary fiber content (0.67%). In conclusion, the addition of brown rice affects the starch properties and eating quality of NS by changing the distribution of starch-lipid complexes and dietary fiber. Among them, YZ-NS exhibited the best rehydration quality and lowest digestibility, providing a theoretical basis for the development of nutritious instant noodle sheets.

, authors=Jiapeng SUN1, 2, Yanxiang LIU1, Bin TAN1, Shuying JIA1, Ziyue KANG1, Ming LIU1, *, Guoping YU2, 3, *, authorsList=Jiapeng SUN, Yanxiang LIU, Bin TAN, Shuying JIA, Ziyue KANG, Ming LIU, Guoping YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ming LIU, Guoping YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889196844266347, articleId=1320889194164106083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同地区糙米对方便面皮淀粉特性及品质的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同地区糙米对方便面皮(Instant Noodle Sheet,NS)淀粉特性及其食用品质的影响,本研究以精制小麦粉(refined wheat flour,FD)与6种不同地区糙米粉按3:1比例复配,经挤压加工制作方便面皮。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)和X射线衍射仪(X-ray Diffractometer,XRD)等分析淀粉的结构差异;利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)观察NS的微观结构,通过测定NS的复水与消化特性对其品质进行分析。结果表明:糙米的添加使NS中膳食纤维含量显著(P<0.05)增加(1.26%~1.78%),而总淀粉、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量降低(61.50%~71.43%、8.64%~23.67%、8.73%~10.83%)。NS淀粉呈V型晶体结构;吉林-面皮(Jilin-Instant Noodle Sheet,YZ-NS)和湖北-面皮(Hubei-Instant Noodle Sheet,HB-NS)因高直链淀粉(23.67%、19.90%)及适宜脂质结合能力,结晶度随之增大(26.16%、20.61%),其微观结构更加致密。江苏-面皮(Jiangsu-Instant Noodle Sheet,JS-NS)因膳食纤维含量最高(1.78%),淀粉凝胶结构较疏松,缩短了样品的复水时间(3.20 min),但断条率最高(19.50%);而YZ-NS复水损失率为8.17%、断条率为13.75%,品质较好。消化结果显示,YZ-NS因较高的结晶度(26.16%)和V型复合物的形成,体外消化率最低,而小麦粉-面皮(FD-NS)因高直链淀粉(37.72%)和低膳食纤维含量(0.67%),导致消化率最高(85%)。综上,糙米添加通过改变淀粉-脂质复合物及膳食纤维分布,从而影响淀粉特性及NS的食用品质。其中,YZ-NS表现出较优的复水品质和低消化特性,为营养型方便面皮开发提供理论依据。

, authors=孙佳鹏1, 2, 刘艳香1, 谭斌1, 贾书盈1, 康子悦1, 刘明1, *, 于国萍2, 3, *, authorsList=孙佳鹏, 刘艳香, 谭斌, 贾书盈, 康子悦, 刘明, 于国萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘明, 于国萍, authorNote=

孙佳鹏(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:健康全谷物加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘明(1980−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工物理改性研究,E-mail:。
于国萍(1963−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及蛋白质工程,E-mail:。
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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 153: 26−35., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889197196587884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889197204976493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, companyId=1320889197196587884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889197217559406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, companyId=1320889197196587884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院,北京 100037)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889197280473967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889197293056880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, companyId=1320889197280473967, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889197301445489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, companyId=1320889197280473967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889197381137266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889197393720179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, companyId=1320889197381137266, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3College of Food Engineering, Heilongjiang Oriental University, Harbin 150066, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889197397914484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, companyId=1320889197381137266, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3黑龙江东方学院食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150066)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889202099729314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=XRD patterns of different instant noodle sheet, figureFileSmall=F3tpsbGcJ15syjQNtv9TSg==, figureFileBig=tGJDAeU5m2VHuvVE+V0NIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889202158449571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同方便面皮的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=F3tpsbGcJ15syjQNtv9TSg==, figureFileBig=tGJDAeU5m2VHuvVE+V0NIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889202334610340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Infrared spectra of different instant noodle sheet, figureFileSmall=UMbdeMY2CH8WCci0IuX5mg==, figureFileBig=xmBbUmLdJIzUNHj1MYyPeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889202389136293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同方便面皮的红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=UMbdeMY2CH8WCci0IuX5mg==, figureFileBig=xmBbUmLdJIzUNHj1MYyPeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889202460439462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Microstructure of different instant noodle sheet sections (600×), figureFileSmall=6wCUeZpnBCXpG26tw+Vd1g==, figureFileBig=Cc1l+8etjG7C0VhNIP1jJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889202565297063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同方便面皮截面微观结构图(600×), figureFileSmall=6wCUeZpnBCXpG26tw+Vd1g==, figureFileBig=Cc1l+8etjG7C0VhNIP1jJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889202665960360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Different compound flour basic components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类淀粉含量
(%)
直链淀粉含量
(%)
蛋白含量
(%)
膳食纤维含量
(%)
FD73.35±6.22a37.72±1.02a12.06±0.09a0.67±0.02d
ZX-F68.81±0.17b22.01±1.84bc9.17±0.40de1.67±0.33abc
NM-F71.43±0.10b8.64±1.68e9.87±0.06cd1.41±0.02abc
CL-F69.01±0.35b21.64±1.86bc9.22±0.03de1.26±0.16c
YZ-F70.70±0.6b23.67±0.38b10.83±1.28b1.45±0.10abc
JS-F61.50±0.08d14.96±0.64d10.42±0.04bc1.78±0.05abc
HB-F65.07±2.45c19.90±1.98c8.73±0.13e1.34±0.17bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320889202741457833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同复配面粉基本组分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类淀粉含量
(%)
直链淀粉含量
(%)
蛋白含量
(%)
膳食纤维含量
(%)
FD73.35±6.22a37.72±1.02a12.06±0.09a0.67±0.02d
ZX-F68.81±0.17b22.01±1.84bc9.17±0.40de1.67±0.33abc
NM-F71.43±0.10b8.64±1.68e9.87±0.06cd1.41±0.02abc
CL-F69.01±0.35b21.64±1.86bc9.22±0.03de1.26±0.16c
YZ-F70.70±0.6b23.67±0.38b10.83±1.28b1.45±0.10abc
JS-F61.50±0.08d14.96±0.64d10.42±0.04bc1.78±0.05abc
HB-F65.07±2.45c19.90±1.98c8.73±0.13e1.34±0.17bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320889202833732522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Different combinations of flours and instant noodle sheet properties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类F的糊化焓
(J/g)
NS的糊化焓
(J/g)
NS的糊化度
(%)
NS的峰值温度
(℃)
FD4.38±0.02a1.13±0.26a74.14±5.91ab92.67±0.47b
ZX2.55±0.05f0.61±0.12c76.32±4.13ab96.00±0.50a
NM2.92±0.08e0.57±0.13c81.52±4.80a95.53±1.76a
CL3.27±0.14c1.19±0.06a64.72±3.09c93.00±0.75b
YZ3.46±0.06b0.69±0.11bc80.07±2.93a95.93±0.21a
JS3.05±0.02d0.97±0.20ab68.23±6.27bc92.57±1.40b
HB3.06±0.02d0.70±0.12bc77.26±4.21a96.30±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889202909229995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同复配面粉及方便面皮的热特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类F的糊化焓
(J/g)
NS的糊化焓
(J/g)
NS的糊化度
(%)
NS的峰值温度
(℃)
FD4.38±0.02a1.13±0.26a74.14±5.91ab92.67±0.47b
ZX2.55±0.05f0.61±0.12c76.32±4.13ab96.00±0.50a
NM2.92±0.08e0.57±0.13c81.52±4.80a95.53±1.76a
CL3.27±0.14c1.19±0.06a64.72±3.09c93.00±0.75b
YZ3.46±0.06b0.69±0.11bc80.07±2.93a95.93±0.21a
JS3.05±0.02d0.97±0.20ab68.23±6.27bc92.57±1.40b
HB3.06±0.02d0.70±0.12bc77.26±4.21a96.30±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889202988921772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Crystallinity of different instant noodle sheets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类结晶度(%)
FD-NS14.43±0.84e
YZ-NS26.16±0.61a
NM-NS17.26±0.63c
CL-NS16.19±0.72cd
ZX-NS15.66±0.03d
JS-NS14.32±0.43e
HB-NS20.61±0.73b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203077002157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同方便面皮的结晶度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类结晶度(%)
FD-NS14.43±0.84e
YZ-NS26.16±0.61a
NM-NS17.26±0.63c
CL-NS16.19±0.72cd
ZX-NS15.66±0.03d
JS-NS14.32±0.43e
HB-NS20.61±0.73b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203152499630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Deconvolution results of different instant noodle sheet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类R1047/1022R1022/995
FD-NS0.94±0.00e1.06±0.00b
ZX-NS0.95±0.00d1.08±0.00a
NM-NS0.97±0.00c1.06±0.00b
CL-NS0.95±0.00d1.06±0.00b
YZ-NS1.23±0.00a0.95±0.00e
JS-NS0.92±0.00f1.05±0.00d
HB-NS0.98±0.00b1.06±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203219608495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同方便面皮的去卷积结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类R1047/1022R1022/995
FD-NS0.94±0.00e1.06±0.00b
ZX-NS0.95±0.00d1.08±0.00a
NM-NS0.97±0.00c1.06±0.00b
CL-NS0.95±0.00d1.06±0.00b
YZ-NS1.23±0.00a0.95±0.00e
JS-NS0.92±0.00f1.05±0.00d
HB-NS0.98±0.00b1.06±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203303494576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Rehydration characteristics of different instant noodle sheet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类最佳复水时间(min)吸水率(%)复水损失率(%)断条率(%)
FD-NS4.00±0.03e160.23±0.76a7.41±0.38c11.50±2.12c
ZX-NS4.41±0.02c149.05±4.50ab9.87±0.95abc15.50±1.41abc
NM-NS3.61±0.02f141.02±6.69bc11.39±0.88a17.25±1.06ab
CL-NS4.22±0.01d138.99±4.33bc10.38±0.48ab16.50±0.00ab
YZ-NS5.21±0.02a156.00±5.83ab8.17±0.30bc13.75±1.06bc
JS-NS3.20±0.01g123.59±4.63c12.25±0.91a19.50±0.00a
HB-NS4.80±0.02b144.12±6.23ab8.59±0.78bc13.75±1.06bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203391574961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同方便面皮的复水特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类最佳复水时间(min)吸水率(%)复水损失率(%)断条率(%)
FD-NS4.00±0.03e160.23±0.76a7.41±0.38c11.50±2.12c
ZX-NS4.41±0.02c149.05±4.50ab9.87±0.95abc15.50±1.41abc
NM-NS3.61±0.02f141.02±6.69bc11.39±0.88a17.25±1.06ab
CL-NS4.22±0.01d138.99±4.33bc10.38±0.48ab16.50±0.00ab
YZ-NS5.21±0.02a156.00±5.83ab8.17±0.30bc13.75±1.06bc
JS-NS3.20±0.01g123.59±4.63c12.25±0.91a19.50±0.00a
HB-NS4.80±0.02b144.12±6.23ab8.59±0.78bc13.75±1.06bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203471266738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

In vitro digestibility of different instant noodle sheet (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类20 min60 min120 min180 min240 min
FD-NS39.32±1.22a70.84±1.21a82.90±1.38a85.02±1.07a84.07±1.27a
ZX-NS34.33±0.96bc63.44±1.00c73.12±0.47bcd75.61±0.11c75.00±0.13cd
NM-NS36.69±1.56ab67.33±0.57b78.20±0.81ab79.82±2.09b81.81±0.31ab
CL-NS35.02±0.06bc65.06±0.73bc78.05±1.10ab78.64±0.30bc78.91±1.40bc
YZ-NS32.09±0.38c57.00±0.26d68.38±2.38d68.85±0.74d70.10±0.55e
JS-NS34.18±0.41bc58.72±1.05d69.70±1.85cd70.96±1.05d71.74±1.87de
HB-NS33.43±0.64bc65.28±0.55bc74.12±1.90bc77.22±0.76bc77.17±1.34c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889203550958515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889194164106083, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同方便面皮的体外消化率(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类20 min60 min120 min180 min240 min
FD-NS39.32±1.22a70.84±1.21a82.90±1.38a85.02±1.07a84.07±1.27a
ZX-NS34.33±0.96bc63.44±1.00c73.12±0.47bcd75.61±0.11c75.00±0.13cd
NM-NS36.69±1.56ab67.33±0.57b78.20±0.81ab79.82±2.09b81.81±0.31ab
CL-NS35.02±0.06bc65.06±0.73bc78.05±1.10ab78.64±0.30bc78.91±1.40bc
YZ-NS32.09±0.38c57.00±0.26d68.38±2.38d68.85±0.74d70.10±0.55e
JS-NS34.18±0.41bc58.72±1.05d69.70±1.85cd70.96±1.05d71.74±1.87de
HB-NS33.43±0.64bc65.28±0.55bc74.12±1.90bc77.22±0.76bc77.17±1.34c
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不同地区糙米对方便面皮淀粉特性及品质的影响
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孙佳鹏 1, 2 , 刘艳香 1 , 谭斌 1 , 贾书盈 1 , 康子悦 1 , 刘明 1, * , 于国萍 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(2): 25-33
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (2) : 25 -33
不同地区糙米对方便面皮淀粉特性及品质的影响
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孙佳鹏1, 2 , 刘艳香1, 谭斌1, 贾书盈1, 康子悦1, 刘明1, * , 于国萍2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院,北京 100037
  • 2东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
  • 3黑龙江东方学院食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150066
通讯作者:
刘明(1980−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工物理改性研究,E-mail:。
于国萍(1963−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及蛋白质工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙佳鹏(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:健康全谷物加工,E-mail:

Effects of Brown Rice in Different Regions on Starch Characteristics and Quality of Instant Noodle Sheets
Jiapeng SUN1, 2 , Yanxiang LIU1, Bin TAN1, Shuying JIA1, Ziyue KANG1, Ming LIU1, * , Guoping YU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
  • 2College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 3College of Food Engineering, Heilongjiang Oriental University, Harbin 150066, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020074
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为探究不同地区糙米对方便面皮(Instant Noodle Sheet,NS)淀粉特性及其食用品质的影响,本研究以精制小麦粉(refined wheat flour,FD)与6种不同地区糙米粉按3:1比例复配,经挤压加工制作方便面皮。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)和X射线衍射仪(X-ray Diffractometer,XRD)等分析淀粉的结构差异;利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)观察NS的微观结构,通过测定NS的复水与消化特性对其品质进行分析。结果表明:糙米的添加使NS中膳食纤维含量显著(P<0.05)增加(1.26%~1.78%),而总淀粉、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量降低(61.50%~71.43%、8.64%~23.67%、8.73%~10.83%)。NS淀粉呈V型晶体结构;吉林-面皮(Jilin-Instant Noodle Sheet,YZ-NS)和湖北-面皮(Hubei-Instant Noodle Sheet,HB-NS)因高直链淀粉(23.67%、19.90%)及适宜脂质结合能力,结晶度随之增大(26.16%、20.61%),其微观结构更加致密。江苏-面皮(Jiangsu-Instant Noodle Sheet,JS-NS)因膳食纤维含量最高(1.78%),淀粉凝胶结构较疏松,缩短了样品的复水时间(3.20 min),但断条率最高(19.50%);而YZ-NS复水损失率为8.17%、断条率为13.75%,品质较好。消化结果显示,YZ-NS因较高的结晶度(26.16%)和V型复合物的形成,体外消化率最低,而小麦粉-面皮(FD-NS)因高直链淀粉(37.72%)和低膳食纤维含量(0.67%),导致消化率最高(85%)。综上,糙米添加通过改变淀粉-脂质复合物及膳食纤维分布,从而影响淀粉特性及NS的食用品质。其中,YZ-NS表现出较优的复水品质和低消化特性,为营养型方便面皮开发提供理论依据。

方便面皮  /  复配面粉  /  淀粉特性  /  食用品质

To explore the effects of brown rice from different regions on starch properties and eating quality of instant noodle sheets (NS), refined wheat flour (FD) was blended with six types of brown rice flour from different regions at a ratio of 25%, and the mixtures were processed into instant noodle sheets by extrusion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the structural differences in starch. Microstructure of NS was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quality of NS was evaluated by measuring its rehydration and digestion properties. The results showed that brown rice addition significantly increased the dietary fiber content in NS (1.26%~1.78%), while reducing the contents of total starch, amylose, and protein (61.50%~71.43%, 8.64%~23.67%, and 8.73%~10.83%, respectively). Starch in NS exhibited a V-type crystal structure. Owing to the high amylose content (23.67% and 19.90%) and suitable lipid-binding abilities, the Jilin-Instant Noodle Sheets (YZ-NS) and Hubei - Instant Noodle Sheets (HB-NS) had increased crystallinity (26.16% and 20.61%, respectively) and denser microstructures. The Jiangsu-Instant Noodle Sheet (JS–NS) had the highest dietary fiber content (1.78%), resulting in a looser starch gel structure, which shortened the sample rehydration time (3.20 min), but it resulted in the highest broken noodle rate (19.50%). In contrast, YZ-NS had a rehydration loss rate of 8.17% and broken noodle rate of 13.75%, indicating better quality. The digestion results showed that YZ-NS had the lowest in vitro digestibility due to its high crystallinity (26.16%) and V-type complexes formation, whereas wheat flour-Instant Noodle Sheet (FD–NS) had the highest digestibility (85%) owing to its high amylose content (37.72%) and low dietary fiber content (0.67%). In conclusion, the addition of brown rice affects the starch properties and eating quality of NS by changing the distribution of starch-lipid complexes and dietary fiber. Among them, YZ-NS exhibited the best rehydration quality and lowest digestibility, providing a theoretical basis for the development of nutritious instant noodle sheets.

instant noodle sheet  /  compound flour  /  starch properties  /  food quality
孙佳鹏, 刘艳香, 谭斌, 贾书盈, 康子悦, 刘明, 于国萍. 不同地区糙米对方便面皮淀粉特性及品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020074
Jiapeng SUN, Yanxiang LIU, Bin TAN, Shuying JIA, Ziyue KANG, Ming LIU, Guoping YU. Effects of Brown Rice in Different Regions on Starch Characteristics and Quality of Instant Noodle Sheets[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020074
随着现代生活节奏的加快,方便食品因其便捷性和长保质期成为消费者日常饮食的重要组成部分。方便面皮凭借其便捷性占据了一定的市场份额,但其原料主要依赖于精制的小麦粉,其在加工过程中损失了大量膳食纤维、维生素及矿物质,长期摄入可能导致营养失衡和增加慢性疾病的风险[1]。随着人们对营养健康的进一步需求,全谷物原料因其天然的营养优势备受关注,其中糙米作为典型的全谷物,富含膳食纤维、γ-氨基丁酸及抗氧化成分,具有调节血糖、改善肠道健康等潜在功能[2]。将糙米粉和小麦粉进行复配加工方便面皮,不仅能提升产品的营养价值,满足人们对营养的需求,还能提升方便面皮产品的丰富度,目前已经成为研究的热点。
挤压加工技术由于其具有节能高效的优点,而被广泛利用于方便食品的加工与生产。其通过高温、高压和高剪切力的作用,淀粉发生糊化、蛋白质变性及分子重组,并赋予产品新的特性[3−4]。研究表明,糙米的添加会显著改变复配面粉的理化性质和加工特性,糙米中高含量的膳食纤维会破坏面筋网络结构,影响产品的食用品质[5]。糙米淀粉与脂质的相互作用会形成抗消化的淀粉-脂质复合物,从而改变产品的消化特性和人们肠道菌群的丰富度[6]。不同产地的糙米因遗传背景及生长环境差异,其淀粉组成、蛋白质含量及脂质特性存在显著区别[7],这可能导致最终产品品质参差不齐。目前,研究大多集中于传统鲜面皮的制作和改良,而对不同来源糙米制作的方便面皮淀粉特性和食用品质尚缺乏系统研究。
因此,本研究为探究不同地区糙米的添加对方便面皮淀粉特性和食用品质的影响,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对不同方便面皮的淀粉特性进行表征。采用复水特性、消化特性等指标,系统分析不同样品的食用品质,并探讨其与淀粉结构变化的关联,为提高方便面皮品质提供科学依据。
精制小麦面粉(发达FD) 发达面粉集团股份有限公司;不同地区的糙米(江西ZX、湖南NM、黑龙江CL、吉林YZ、江苏JS、湖北HB) 北京斯恩赛尔生物科技有限公司;淀粉试剂盒、直链淀粉试剂盒、总膳食纤维试剂盒 爱尔兰Megazyme公司;葡萄糖含量检测试剂盒 北京盒子生工科技有限公司;淀粉葡糖苷酶(10万 U/mL)、α-淀粉酶(30 U/mg) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;所有其他化学品均为分析纯。
DLG-100单螺杆挤压机 济南赛百诺;DSC214差示扫描量热仪 德国耐驰公司;Rapid N cxccod蛋白分析仪 德国Elementar公司;FOSS 1023膳食纤维测定仪 丹麦FOSS公司;JSM-IT700HR扫描电子显微镜 日本电子株式会社;Nicolet iN10-iZ10傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司。
糙米由旋风式磨粉机研磨并通过80目筛网,将FD与6种不同地区糙米粉按3:1的比例混合复配,形成6种复配面粉(江西复配粉ZX-F、湖南复配粉NM-F、黑龙江复配粉CL-F、吉林复配粉YZ-F、江苏复配粉JS-F、湖北复配粉HB-F)。
淀粉含量:采用Megazyme试剂盒测定;蛋白含量:采用GB 5009.5-2016第三法测定;直链淀粉含量:采用Megazyme试剂盒测定;总膳食纤维:采用Megazyme膳食纤维试剂盒测定。
参考LS/T 3272-2023《面皮》和张淑仪等[8]方法并适当修改。将对照组精制小麦面粉FD和6种复配面粉水分含量调节到30%,采用单螺杆挤压机制作挤压方便面皮。螺杆长度(L)300 cm,螺杆直径(D)10 cm,得到30:1的L/D比。挤压机的筒体由三个加热/冷却部分构成,筒体的温度设置为110、140、120 ℃。复配面粉进入挤压机的喂料速率为400 g/min,螺杆转速为20 r/min。修剪和挂杆晾晒12 h后,得到7种方便面皮(江西-面皮ZX-NS、湖南-面皮NM-NS、黑龙江-面皮CL-NS、吉林-面皮YZ-NS、江苏-面皮JS-NS、湖北-面皮HB-NS)。取出一部分方便面皮(NS)密封保存,剩下部分磨粉并过80目筛,4 ℃保存备用。
参考Mu等[9]的方法对方便面皮的糊化度及热特性进行测定。每3 mg样品与9 μL去离子水混合,包封在铝锅中。测试时使用一个空白的铝制DSC坩埚作为对照,扫描温度从25 ℃上升到120 ℃,升温速度为10 ℃/min。保护气为氮气,流速为20 mL/min,每个样品平行测定三次。记录凝胶化焓(ΔH)和峰值温度(Tp),糊化度的计算公式如下。
$ 糊化度(\mathrm{D}\mathrm{G},\text{%})=1-\frac{{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{c}}}{{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{H}}_{0}}$
其中,ΔHc为不同方便面皮的糊化焓;ΔH0为不同复配面粉的糊化焓。
利用X射线衍射仪研究方便面皮中淀粉的晶体结构[10]。将方便面皮研磨过80目筛。随后,在5°~40°(2θ)范围内以5°/min的扫描速率进行X射线衍射扫描。使用MDI Jade 6.5软件分析相对结晶度。
按照Hong等[11]的方法,采用FTIR测定方便面皮的短程有序性。将样品粉末与KBr按1:100质量比例进行混匀,压制成圆片状半透明薄片。在4000~400 cm−1波长、分辨率4 cm−1、扫描频率32次的条件下进行实验。采用Omnic软件分析。
使用SEM观察方便面皮截面结构。将方便面皮用导电胶固定到载物台上,喷金90 s,在扫描电镜下用5 kV的加速电压,放大600倍观察面皮截面结构。
根据Yu等[12]的方法对方便面皮的复水特性进行测定并略作修改。取20根方便面皮(m1)在400 mL的沸水中浸泡。方便面皮白色硬核消失的时间为最佳的浸泡时间。并在此时将方便面皮取出吸水后称重(m2),并记录断条数(N)。然后将方便面皮置于105 ℃的烤箱中,直到达到恒重(m3)。复水率、复水损失率和断条率计算公式如下:
$吸水率(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}\times 100$
$ 复水损失率(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}(1-\mathrm{w})-{\mathrm{m}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}(1-\mathrm{w})}\times 100 $
$ 断条率(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{N}}{20}\times 100 $
式中:$ \mathrm{w} $为方便面皮的水分含量,%。
方便面皮的体外消化率参考Dhital等[13]提出的方法为基础稍作修改。消化酶溶液配制:6 g α-淀粉酶加入到40 mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10 min,之后10000×g下离心10 min。取30 mL上清液,加入2 mL淀粉葡糖苷酶和3 mL去离子水,混匀备用(即配即用)。
将方便面皮研磨并过100目筛。取25 mg,加入6 mL KOH溶液(2 mol/L),于25 ℃振荡30 min。然后分别加入1 mL醋酸(98%)、3 mL醋酸钠缓冲溶液(0.4 mol/L,pH=4.75)和60 μL淀粉葡糖苷酶,摇匀后于60 ℃水浴中磁力搅拌45 min。溶液中葡萄糖含量使用葡萄糖含量检测试剂盒测定,根据0.9的转化因子转换成总淀粉的含量[14]。
取研磨后的粉末样品500 mg并加入14 mL去离子水,沸水浴加热5 min,之后冰水浴快速冷却至37 ℃。温度降至37 ℃后,溶液中加入1 mL消化酶溶液,摇匀,在37 ℃恒温水浴条件下保持磁力搅拌。在消化20、60、120、180、240 min时分别取0.2 mL溶液,加入到5 mL 80%乙醇,混匀。混合溶液的葡萄糖含量使用葡萄糖含量检测试剂盒测定,根据0.9的转化因子转换成已消化淀粉的含量。淀粉含量(g/kg)及消化率计算公式如下:
$ 淀粉含量=葡萄糖含量\times 0.9 $
$ 淀粉消化率(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{已}\mathrm{消}\mathrm{化}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{含}\mathrm{量}}{\mathrm{总}\mathrm{淀}\mathrm{粉}\mathrm{含}\mathrm{量}}\times 100 $
所有实验均重复3次。使用Origin2024软件绘图,使用SPSS27软件进行方差分析处理实验数据。实验结果以x±s表示,P<0.05表示样品结果之间存在显著差异。
淀粉、蛋白、膳食纤维等含量直接决定了复配面粉的理化特性,进而影响方便面皮的食用品质[15]。不同复配面粉的基本组分如表1所示,除膳食纤维含量显著增加外(P<0.05),其他组分都有不同程度的下降。淀粉含量方面,FD的淀粉含量最高,达到73.35%±6.22%,JS-F淀粉的含量最低,为61.50%±0.08%。糙米的添加降低了复配面粉的总淀粉含量,直链淀粉含量也有显著降低(P<0.05),品种和种植环境都会对糙米淀粉的组成有影响[16]。例如NM-F直链淀粉含量为8.64%±1.68%。这表明糙米的添加不仅影响了淀粉的总量,还改变了淀粉的结构,降低了直链淀粉的比例。直链淀粉含量降低会影响面粉的特性,从而改变其加工性能[17]。在蛋白含量方面,FD的蛋白含量最高,为12.06%±0.09%,而复配面粉的蛋白含量则有所下降,这是由于品种和种植环境不同造成的[16]。膳食纤维含量在复配面粉中有所增加,表明糙米作为一种全谷物原料,能显著提高面粉的膳食纤维含量(P<0.05)。总体来说,添加糙米后,引起膳食纤维含量的上升,淀粉、直链淀粉和蛋白含量的下降。
淀粉糊化温度的改变意味着淀粉颗粒结晶结构发生了变化,糊化焓可以用来描述破坏淀粉双螺旋结构所需要的能量。一般地,淀粉颗粒的结晶度越高,糊化温度就越高[18]。如表2所示,复配面粉的焓值范围在2.55~4.38 J/g,且添加了糙米后复配面粉的焓值有不同程度的下降,对照组FD-F的焓值显著(P<0.05)高于实验组,这是因为糙米粉的加入稀释了小麦粉中面筋蛋白的含量,导致糊化过程中的能量需求减少,从而使糊化焓值下降[5]。复配面粉(F)的焓值普遍高于方便面皮(NS),这是因为挤压过程可能会促进淀粉与脂质形成复合物,淀粉-脂质复合物的形成降低了挤出物的糊化焓[19]。
糊化度方面,YZ-NS、NM-NS较高,在加工中表现出良好的水化能力,而CL-NS的糊化度最低,可能由于CL品种糙米中较高的非淀粉成分(如蛋白质和脂肪)与淀粉分子形成了复合物,阻碍了水化过程[20],进而导致糊化度降低。方便面皮的峰值温度集中在92.57~96.30 ℃,但陈季旺等[21]研究挤压生产燕麦方便面的焓值低于本研究结果,这是因为样品的峰值温度会随着挤压温度的升高而升高[22]。CL-NS和JS-NS的峰值温度没有显著区别,而其他实验组均显著高于FD-NS,这可能是由于添加不同的糙米后,改变了复配面粉的吸水性,进而影响了峰值温度。
XRD谱图可以反映淀粉糊化后分子排列的有序程度[23]。相对结晶度(RC)越大,有序程度越高[24]。图1显示,添加不同地区糙米的方便面皮在2θ=12.9°和19.8°处存在明显的吸收峰,这表明样品中形成了典型的V型晶体结构。该结构的形成主要归因于直链淀粉与脂质分子间的相互作用,生成了稳定的淀粉-脂质复合物[12]。结合表1中原料的基本组成数据分析,不同样品RC差异与直链淀粉含量、膳食纤维及蛋白质的综合作用有密切的关系,直链淀粉作为V型晶体形成的基础,其含量直接决定了晶体区域的比例[25−27]。如表3所示,YZ-NS和HB-NS样品的直链淀粉含量较高(23.67%、19.90%),且米糠中的脂质更适宜结合[28],表现出较高的RC(26.16%、20.61%)。此外,可能YZ-NS和HB-NS的脂质饱和程度较高,碳链较短,减少了位阻效应,从而促进了淀粉与脂质的有效结合[20]。相较之下,JS-NS样品的RC较低(14.32%),可能是由于支链淀粉的高度分支结构限制了直链淀粉的有序排列[29],同时其高膳食纤维含量(1.78%)增加了体系中的非晶区比例,进一步削弱了晶体结构的有序性[30]。同样,ZX-NS、NM-NS和CL-NS样品较低的RC也与脂质不饱和键含量较高有关,不饱和键的存在导致脂质与淀粉络合作用下降[31]。虽然FD样品中直链淀粉含量最高(37.72%),但其蛋白质含量也显著偏高(12.06%),蛋白质可能通过与淀粉分子竞争和脂质结合的位点,从而干扰了晶体结构的形成[32]。Li等[33]在以大米淀粉-脂质复合物为对象的研究中也发现了相同的现象。
红外光谱吸收峰的强度与分子中相应化学键或基团的含量、振动的偶极矩变化等因素有关[34]。不同方便面皮的红外图谱如图2所示,所有的特征峰出现相似的光谱没有生成新的特征峰。表明不同地区糙米的添加不会导致方便面皮的化学变化,仅涉及氢键淀粉链的重新组装,此过程中没有形成新的官能团[35]。特征峰分别在3395 cm−1和2932 cm−1处,对应于O-H和C-H键的振动[36]。这表明淀粉和脂质之间的结合机制可能归因于氢键和/或疏水相互作用[37]。
为揭示不同方便面皮中淀粉分子结构的短程有序性和双螺旋结构的特性,对红外结果进行去卷积处理,995 cm−1和1047 cm−1处的吸收带被证明与淀粉聚合物的分子有序性和结晶度有关,1022 cm−1处的吸收带与无定形结构有关,R1047/1022和R995/1022分别代表淀粉分子的有序度(Degree of Order,DO)和双螺旋度(Degree of Duplexity,DD)[38−39]。不同淀粉样品的短程有序性结果如表4所示。所有样品DO值分布在0.92~1.23之间,其中有序度最高的为YZ-NS,最低的为JS-NS。这一现象可归因于YZ-NS直链淀粉与脂质分子强烈的相互作用,形成了稳定的V型复合物,导致淀粉分子晶体区域显著高于其他样品(P<0.05)[40]。这与Aleixandre等[41]研究中脂质促进淀粉短程有序结构形成的机制一致。所有样品DD值分布在0.95~1.08之间,其中DD值最高的为ZX-NS,最低的为YZ-NS,这可能是由于YZ-NS中脂质不饱和键存在较多,增加了分子位阻效应,抑制了淀粉与脂质的进一步络合作用,从而限制了晶体区域的形成[42]。
方便面皮的微观结构可以直观的反应淀粉凝胶的状态[41]。采用SEM在600倍下观察方便面皮的截面微观结构。由图3所示,FD-NS、YZ-NS、HB-NS样品较为光滑和致密。其中,对照组样品由于未受到膳食纤维的破坏,其结构最为致密[43]。除FD外,YZ-NS和HB-NS样品的截面显示出更加致密和光滑的结构,这与其较高的直链淀粉含量(23.67%和19.90%)和结晶度(26.16%和20.61%)有关。Obadi等[44]在以高直链玉米淀粉为研究对象时发现,随着直链淀粉含量增加,淀粉凝胶的结晶度提高,凝胶网络结构更加致密。直链淀粉在加工过程中与脂质形成稳定的V型复合物,增强了分子间的相互作用,使面皮具有更好的结构完整性。致密的微观结构有助于提高样品的热稳定性和复水性能。JS-NS样品的微观结构显示出更多的孔洞和裂纹,可能是其膳食纤维含量较高(1.78%),可能破坏了淀粉凝胶的均匀性,限制了V型复合物的形成。这种疏松的微观结构不仅影响复水性能,还可能导致较低的质构硬度。ZX-NS和CL-NS样品的结构处于中间状态,显示一定程度的致密性但存在局部裂纹。这可能与其中等的直链淀粉含量(22.01%和21.64%)和脂质结合能力有关。不饱和脂质的存在增加了位阻效应,抑制了淀粉与脂质的复合,导致结构完整性下降[45]。
复水时间和吸水率是方便面皮复水性能的重要指标[46]。由表5可知,不同样品的复水时间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其范围为3.20±0.01 min(JS-NS)~5.21±0.02 min(YZ-NS)。YZ-NS样品的复水时间最长,其吸水率也较高(156.00%),表明其复水过程中水分渗透缓慢但吸水能力较强。这可能与其高直链淀粉含量和较致密的晶体结构有关。高直链淀粉含量促进淀粉与脂质形成稳定的V型复合物,从而增强晶体区比例,延缓水分扩散速度[47]。JS-NS样品的复水时间最短(3.2 min),吸水率也最低(123.59%),低吸水率可能源于其高膳食纤维和支链淀粉含量,高纤维含量增加了非晶区比例并破坏分子间的氢键,从而降低了吸水能力[48]。此外,支链淀粉的高度分支结构限制了淀粉与水分子的结合能力,进一步加剧了复水性能的下降[49]。
不同样品的复水损失在7.41%~12.25%之间。FD-NS样品的复水损失率最低,表明其在复水过程中结构最为稳定。这可能由于其为纯小麦面粉组成以及较低的膳食纤维含量(无糙米添加),使得淀粉分子间结合较强,抗溶胀能力较高。相反,JS-NS样品的复水损失率最高,显示出复水过程中结构松散,可能由于高膳食纤维和较弱的短程有序结构(低R1047/1022比值)导致分子间结合力不足[50]。此外,YZ-NS和HB-NS样品的复水损失率分别为8.17%和8.59%,均较低。这与其微观结构的致密性相关,表明高直链淀粉与脂质结合形成的复合物不仅延长了复水时间,还降低了淀粉溶出,与2.2.3中其淀粉短程有序度(1.23、0.98)结果相一致[51]。
JS-NS样品断条率最高(19.50%),而FD-NS样品最低(11.50%)。这表明复配糙米后样品的结构完整性有所下降,尤其是JS-NS,由于高膳食纤维含量和低短程有序结构,其在复水过程中机械性能较差,容易发生断裂。相对而言,添加糙米后,YZ-NS和HB-NS样品表现出较低的断条率(13.75%),显示出较好的结构稳定性。高直链淀粉比例和脂质结合生成的V型复合物有助于提高淀粉分子的机械强度,从而降低复水过程中断条的风险[52]。
综上所述,FD-NS样品表现出最佳的结构稳定性和吸水性能,得益于其纯小麦面粉的组成和低膳食纤维含量。而YZ-NS样品尽管复水时间较长,但吸水率和结构稳定性表现突出,断条率低,品质结构较好。
消化特性对评估方便面皮营养释放和淀粉凝胶结构有重要的意义[53]。不同样品的消化率随时间变化如表6所示。20 min时,消化率普遍较低,范围在30%~40%之间。随着消化时间延长至60 min,各样品的消化率显著提升,其中FD-NS消化率达到70%左右,远高于YZ-NS,而其余样品介于两者之间。到240 min时,最终消化率由高到低分别为FD-NS、NM-NS、CL-NS、HB-NS、ZX-NS、JS-NS、YZ-NS。FD-NS最终消化率为85%左右,而YZ-NS的消化率最低。不同样品的直链淀粉含量、脂质复合物形成、膳食纤维含量以及结晶度共同决定了其酶解性能[54]。FD-NS由于直链淀粉含量最高(37.72%)且膳食纤维含量最低(0.67%),淀粉分子更容易被酶降解,因此具有最快的消化速率。而YZ-NS虽然直链淀粉含量较高(23.67%),但与脂质结合形成了大量稳定的V型复合物,进一步增强了结晶度(26.16%),显著降低了酶解效率。这些结果与Hu等[55]关于淀粉结晶结构与消化性能的研究一致。HB-NS和ZX-NS样品在消化率上表现出适中的水平。HB-NS的中等消化性能可能归因于其适量的直链淀粉(19.90%)和中等结晶度(20.61%),既保持了淀粉分子一定程度的稳定性,又未过度抑制酶解作用。相较之下,JS-NS的消化率略低于HB-NS和ZX-NS。JS-NS的高膳食纤维含量(1.78%)显著增加了体系中的非晶区比例,削弱了淀粉分子间的结合力,这不仅限制了酶的作用效率,还导致最终消化率偏低[17]。
本文通过对不同方便面皮淀粉特性和品质变化的研究,结果发现:糙米的添加能够通过膳食纤维嵌入与淀粉-脂质复合物形成的双重作用来调控方便面皮的淀粉特性和食用品质。其中,膳食纤维破坏了淀粉凝胶网络的致密性(SEM孔隙率增加),而直链淀粉与脂质结合生成的V型复合物提升了结晶度和短程有序性,并对方便面皮的结构产生补偿效应。YZ-F因高直链淀粉含量形成了致密的V型复合物,其淀粉有序度最大,断条率最低,体外消化率下降。本研究突破单一组分作用范式,提出“膳食纤维-淀粉-脂质三元竞争”机制,确定YZ糙米为兼具低GI特性与加工适宜性的优选原料,为全谷物方便食品开发提供理论依据。未来还可以通过对糙米进行萌芽、发酵等改性处理,进一步丰富方便面皮的营养属性和风味。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020074
  • 接收时间:2025-02-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12
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    1国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院,北京 100037
    2东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    3黑龙江东方学院食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150066

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刘明(1980−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工物理改性研究,E-mail:。
于国萍(1963−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:粮食、油脂及蛋白质工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
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种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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