Article(id=1320889923842982420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020042, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738944000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854298791, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854298791, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854298791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854298791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=238, endPage=247, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889925608784405, articleId=1320889923842982420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Characteristics of Postbiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 and Its Application in the Preservation of Refrigerated Duhei Pork, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the screening of lactic acid bacteria with significant inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes. It was determined that the inhibitory substances existed in cell-free fermentation supernatant (CFS), cell pellet or bacterial lysate. The thermal stability, pH stability, and protease sensitivity of the inhibitory substances were investigated. The growth curve and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the selected strain were also determined. Finally, the preliminary application was in the cold storage and preservation of Duhei pork. The preservation effect was evaluated by sensory evaluation, pH, meat colour, viable cell counts, total volatile basic-nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The experimental results showed that a strain of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 from pickle juice showed notable inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, with an inhibition zone diameter of 38.28±1.97 mm, the inhibitory substances were present in the CFS, which was treated at 60~121 ℃ for 25 min, and its inhibition zone diameter of inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli still reached more than 32.07±2.1 mm and 11.53±0.44 mm. No significant difference in bacteriostatic activity in the pH 3.0~8.0 (P>0.05). Proteinase K treatment had the greatest effect on the inhibitory activity, as it reduced the diameter of the circle of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by 7.69 mm; It was shown that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 CFS had good thermal、pH stability and was less sensitive to six proteases (chymotrypsin, trypsin, enterokinase, proteinase K, papain, pepsin). In the preservation application of refrigerated Duhei pork, it was found that at 9 d of refrigeration, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics treatment groups (2MIC and 4MIC groups) had significantly reduced the viable cell counts of the meat by 99.7% compared to the control, decreased the pH by 0.33, and reducing TBARS reactants by 0.66 mg/kg, and 0.91 mg/kg in meat (P<0.05), and prolonged the shelf-life by 2 d, when compared with the control group. The scores of sensory testing also indicated that it played a role in color protection, improved the odor and delayed the deterioration of the sensory quality of refrigerated pork. In particular, the 4MIC group showed better effects in all freshness indicators. It's concluded that the postbiotic of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5, as a new type of natural and safe biological preservative, has an important potential for application in the field of meat preservation, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for the enhancement of food safety.

, authors=Pan WANG1, Linfeng LI2, Wenyi HUANG1, Yanli WU1, Haofeng ZHANG1, Xiaorong LIU1, Wenfeng HU3, Bin HU4, *, Xueling LI1, *, authorsList=Pan WANG, Linfeng LI, Wenyi HUANG, Yanli WU, Haofeng ZHANG, Xiaorong LIU, Wenfeng HU, Bin HU, Xueling LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin HU, Xueling LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889929756951087, articleId=1320889923842982420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元特性及其在冷藏杜黑猪肉保鲜中的应用, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究拟筛选对单增李斯特菌具有显著抑制作用的乳酸菌,探究乳酸菌抑菌物质的分布、热稳定性、pH稳定性、蛋白酶敏感性;测定该乳酸菌生长曲线及最小抑菌浓度。最后初步应用于杜黑猪肉冷藏保鲜,通过感官评价、pH、肉色、菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮和硫代巴比妥酸值评价其保鲜效果。结果表明,来源于泡菜汁中一株副干酪乳杆菌Lab5对单增李斯特菌的抑制效果显著,抑菌圈直径达38.28±1.97 mm,抑菌物质存在于发酵上清液(CFS)中,CFS经60~121 ℃处理25 min,其对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌抑菌圈直径分别超过32.07±2.1 mm、11.53±0.44 mm;pH3.0~8.0范围内抑菌活性无显著性差异(P>0.05);蛋白酶K处理对抑菌活性影响最大,其对单增李斯特菌抑菌圈直径减小了7.69 mm;表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS具有良好的热稳定性、pH稳定性,对六种蛋白酶(糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、肠激酶、蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶)较不敏感。在应用于杜黑猪肉冷藏保鲜发现,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元处理组(2MIC和4MIC组)与对照组相比,冷藏9 d时肉品的菌落总数显著降低了99.7%,pH下降了0.33,硫代巴比妥酸反应物分别减少0.66 mg/kg、0.91 mg/kg(P<0.05);延长了货架期2 d。感官评分也表明其起到护色、改善气味的作用,延缓猪肉感官质量的下降。特别是4MIC后生元组在各项保鲜指标显示出更好的保鲜效果。以上研究结果表明,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5株后生元成分作为一种新型天然、安全的生物防腐剂,在肉类保鲜领域具有重要的应用潜力,对提升食品安全具有重要的理论和实际意义。

, authors=王盼1, 李林峰2, 黄文艺1, 吴艳丽1, 张浩峰1, 刘小容1, 胡文锋3, 胡斌4, *, 李雪玲1, *, authorsList=王盼, 李林峰, 黄文艺, 吴艳丽, 张浩峰, 刘小容, 胡文锋, 胡斌, 李雪玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡斌, 李雪玲, authorNote=

王盼(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品质研究、应用微生物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
胡斌(1982−),男,博士,高级畜牧师,研究方向:生猪生产管理与繁殖育种研究,E-mail:。
李雪玲(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:应用微生物学,E-mail:。
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Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2017, 41(3): e12965., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889929975054896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889929983443505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889929975054896, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889929996026418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889929975054896, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889930105078323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889930113466932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889930105078323, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889930121855541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889930105078323, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2华南农业大学动物科学学院,广东广州 510642)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889930230907446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889930239296055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889930230907446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889930247684664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889930230907446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3生物源生物技术(深圳)股份有限公司,广东深圳 518118)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889930302210617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889930314793530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889930302210617, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889930323182139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, companyId=1320889930302210617, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所/猪禽种业国家重点实验室/广东省动物育种与营养重点实验室,广东广州 510640)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889935083717235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of heat-inactivated and non-inactivated lactic acid bacteria on the growth of indicator bacteria, figureFileSmall=ZH8l35PvDNzwJgCMlY9RSQ==, figureFileBig=RICy16IFhb/TG/0wZe254g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935175991924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图1, caption=热灭活与非灭活乳酸菌液对指示菌生长影响

注:A图:指示菌Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115,B图:指示菌Escherichia coli ATCC 25922;图中“*”、“**”、“***”分别代表同一菌株活菌与热灭活菌对指示菌(Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115或Escherichia coli ATCC 25922)抑菌圈直径差异的不同显著性,即P<0.05,P<0.01和P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=ZH8l35PvDNzwJgCMlY9RSQ==, figureFileBig=RICy16IFhb/TG/0wZe254g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935431844469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Antimicrobial activity of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 cell-free fermentation supernatant against different indicator bacteria, figureFileSmall=1BQ4M38NFycNFk9VSSrKHA==, figureFileBig=q8vxiLW4l8dl41s7PKUZ5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935524119158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图2, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵上清液对不同指示菌的抑菌活性

注:A为指示菌Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115;B为指示菌Escherichia coli ATCC 25922。

, figureFileSmall=1BQ4M38NFycNFk9VSSrKHA==, figureFileBig=q8vxiLW4l8dl41s7PKUZ5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935616393847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of temperature on the antibacterial activity of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 cell-free fermentation supernatant, figureFileSmall=JbYCys46gbM0e6yIncqfFg==, figureFileBig=tMcNQKzND/jxdOA9B7uacg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935742222968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图3, caption=温度对副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵上清液抑菌活性的影响

注:图中不同小写字母代表不同温度处理组对指示菌(Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115或Escherichia coli ATCC 25922)抑菌圈直径的差异显著(P<0.05),图4~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=JbYCys46gbM0e6yIncqfFg==, figureFileBig=tMcNQKzND/jxdOA9B7uacg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935847080569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of protease treatment on the heat-antibacterial activity of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 cell-free fermentation supernatant, figureFileSmall=YXjEmkzcYcpxnvR93LdLmQ==, figureFileBig=Nk6IO62iCsdzgFG4AnSHcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935930966650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图4, caption=蛋白酶处理对热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵上清液的抑菌活性的影响, figureFileSmall=YXjEmkzcYcpxnvR93LdLmQ==, figureFileBig=Nk6IO62iCsdzgFG4AnSHcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889935993881211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of pH on the heat-antimicrobial activity of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 cell-free fermentation supernatant, figureFileSmall=R3OTeBl5swNgFtHj7ozU3g==, figureFileBig=uHrGVF+zpowecOGQwD6JCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936060990076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图5, caption=pH对热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵上清液的抑菌活性的影响, figureFileSmall=R3OTeBl5swNgFtHj7ozU3g==, figureFileBig=uHrGVF+zpowecOGQwD6JCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936128098941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Growth curves and bacteriostatic activity of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5, figureFileSmall=SAziLJveiHebkbYnlBgRIw==, figureFileBig=a9Kum/SyyYpr+MIFCp9vIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936191013502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图6, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5的生长曲线及抑菌活性, figureFileSmall=SAziLJveiHebkbYnlBgRIw==, figureFileBig=a9Kum/SyyYpr+MIFCp9vIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936279093887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics on the total plate count of colonies in refrigerated Duhei pork, figureFileSmall=MDu1TvBiWhL64yy15JIBqQ==, figureFileBig=v8vlJs6qZx575hGVCeT+IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936362979968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图7, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元对冷藏杜黑猪肉菌落总数的影响

注:图中不同字母分别代表不同时间下三组样品菌落总数的差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=MDu1TvBiWhL64yy15JIBqQ==, figureFileBig=v8vlJs6qZx575hGVCeT+IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936459448961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of postbiotics of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 on the sensory quality of refrigerated Duhei pork, figureFileSmall=GZ9k4Eo+7xsG0NdrrMThag==, figureFileBig=EGH5HCWtPwsC+nAcNFOrVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936551723650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图8, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 后生元对冷藏杜黑猪肉感官质量的影响

注:A~E分别为不同储藏时间下各组猪肉样品色泽、气味、弹性、粘度、大理石花纹感官评分雷达图。

, figureFileSmall=GZ9k4Eo+7xsG0NdrrMThag==, figureFileBig=EGH5HCWtPwsC+nAcNFOrVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936627221123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics on the color of refrigerated Duhei pork, figureFileSmall=2eN22FSDaviaIzHvVNZA0g==, figureFileBig=vCED4JnmDArotkA7Z5Si1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936744661636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图9, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 后生元对冷藏杜黑猪肉色泽的影响

注:图中不同字母代表不同时间下三组样品肉色的差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2eN22FSDaviaIzHvVNZA0g==, figureFileBig=vCED4JnmDArotkA7Z5Si1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936832742021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics on the pH of refrigerated Duhei pork, figureFileSmall=ZA8uY43zis63CcvC84uS4w==, figureFileBig=0n2qkFkL/5oQuROuGqKk8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889936950182534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图10, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元对冷藏杜黑猪肉pH的影响

注:图中不同字母代表不同时间下三组样品pH的差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ZA8uY43zis63CcvC84uS4w==, figureFileBig=0n2qkFkL/5oQuROuGqKk8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889937042457223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics on TVB-N content in refrigerated Duhei pork, figureFileSmall=XivpXmdJ5kPPY6c2fSTV/A==, figureFileBig=3afl06lkdHoMMocbKkIpGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889937243783816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图11, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 后生元对冷藏杜黑猪肉TVB-N含量的影响

注:图中不同字母代表不同时间下三组样品TVB-N含量的差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=XivpXmdJ5kPPY6c2fSTV/A==, figureFileBig=3afl06lkdHoMMocbKkIpGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889938762121865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics on TBARS of refrigerated Duhei pork, figureFileSmall=ich2a+owUp6oLWQCadwxvQ==, figureFileBig=U3fhdbgl5cu60opKmoW1ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889938825036426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=图12, caption=副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元对冷藏杜黑猪肉TBARS的影响

注:图中不同字母代表不同时间下三组样品TBARS的差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ich2a+owUp6oLWQCadwxvQ==, figureFileBig=U3fhdbgl5cu60opKmoW1ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889938892145291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Source information of lactic acid bacteria strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号菌株来源
MC2Lactococcus lactis strain 1931乳酸乳球菌低温选育
黑水虻肠道
Lab1Pediococcus pentosaceus strain CAU9541戊糖片球菌泡菜汁
Lab2Lacticaseibacillus casei strain 4412干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab3Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397戊糖片球菌泡菜汁
Lab4Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 4537戊糖片球菌泡菜汁
Lab5Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 4441副干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab6Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 1835副干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab7Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 20561副干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab8Pediococcus acidilactici strain 4355乳酸片球菌泡菜汁
), ArticleFig(id=1320889938971837068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乳酸菌菌株来源信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号菌株来源
MC2Lactococcus lactis strain 1931乳酸乳球菌低温选育
黑水虻肠道
Lab1Pediococcus pentosaceus strain CAU9541戊糖片球菌泡菜汁
Lab2Lacticaseibacillus casei strain 4412干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab3Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 2397戊糖片球菌泡菜汁
Lab4Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 4537戊糖片球菌泡菜汁
Lab5Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 4441副干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab6Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 1835副干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab7Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain 20561副干酪乳杆菌泡菜汁
Lab8Pediococcus acidilactici strain 4355乳酸片球菌泡菜汁
), ArticleFig(id=1320889939059917453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for chilled meat

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标10~8分6~8分4~6分2~4分0~2分
色泽鲜亮有光泽较鲜亮有光泽暗红无光泽暗灰无光泽暗褐无光泽
气味鲜味强无异味鲜味较强无异味鲜味淡略有异味无鲜味儿异味较大无鲜味,重异味且不能接受
弹性弹性很好,指压后
立即恢复
弹性较好,指压后
可以恢复
弹性较差,指压后
缓慢恢复
弹性基本丧失,指压后
不能恢复
无弹性,指压后凹陷
明显不恢复
粘度外部微湿不黏手外部湿润不黏手外部干燥微黏手外部干燥较黏手外表有粘液很黏手
大理石纹理纹理清晰,花纹丰富纹理稍淡,花纹丰富纹理不清晰,花纹微丰富纹理模糊,有少量花纹无纹理
), ArticleFig(id=1320889939139609230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

冷鲜肉感官评定标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标10~8分6~8分4~6分2~4分0~2分
色泽鲜亮有光泽较鲜亮有光泽暗红无光泽暗灰无光泽暗褐无光泽
气味鲜味强无异味鲜味较强无异味鲜味淡略有异味无鲜味儿异味较大无鲜味,重异味且不能接受
弹性弹性很好,指压后
立即恢复
弹性较好,指压后
可以恢复
弹性较差,指压后
缓慢恢复
弹性基本丧失,指压后
不能恢复
无弹性,指压后凹陷
明显不恢复
粘度外部微湿不黏手外部湿润不黏手外部干燥微黏手外部干燥较黏手外表有粘液很黏手
大理石纹理纹理清晰,花纹丰富纹理稍淡,花纹丰富纹理不清晰,花纹微丰富纹理模糊,有少量花纹无纹理
), ArticleFig(id=1320889939206718095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different components of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 fermentation strain on the growth performance of indicator bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分抑菌圈直径(mm)
单增李斯特菌大肠杆菌
灭活CFS32.08±2.1511.02±1.17
灭活菌悬液−−
细胞裂解物−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320889939273826960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889923842982420, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵菌液不同组分对指示菌生长性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分抑菌圈直径(mm)
单增李斯特菌大肠杆菌
灭活CFS32.08±2.1511.02±1.17
灭活菌悬液−−
细胞裂解物−−
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副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元特性及其在冷藏杜黑猪肉保鲜中的应用
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王盼 1 , 李林峰 2 , 黄文艺 1 , 吴艳丽 1 , 张浩峰 1 , 刘小容 1 , 胡文锋 3 , 胡斌 4, * , 李雪玲 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(4): 238-247
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (4) : 238 -247
副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元特性及其在冷藏杜黑猪肉保鲜中的应用
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王盼1 , 李林峰2, 黄文艺1, 吴艳丽1, 张浩峰1, 刘小容1, 胡文锋3, 胡斌4, * , 李雪玲1, *
作者信息
  • 1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642
  • 2华南农业大学动物科学学院,广东广州 510642
  • 3生物源生物技术(深圳)股份有限公司,广东深圳 518118
  • 4广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所/猪禽种业国家重点实验室/广东省动物育种与营养重点实验室,广东广州 510640
通讯作者:
胡斌(1982−),男,博士,高级畜牧师,研究方向:生猪生产管理与繁殖育种研究,E-mail:。
李雪玲(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:应用微生物学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王盼(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品质研究、应用微生物,E-mail:

Characteristics of Postbiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 and Its Application in the Preservation of Refrigerated Duhei Pork
Pan WANG1 , Linfeng LI2, Wenyi HUANG1, Yanli WU1, Haofeng ZHANG1, Xiaorong LIU1, Wenfeng HU3, Bin HU4, * , Xueling LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 2College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 3Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China
  • 4Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020042
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本研究拟筛选对单增李斯特菌具有显著抑制作用的乳酸菌,探究乳酸菌抑菌物质的分布、热稳定性、pH稳定性、蛋白酶敏感性;测定该乳酸菌生长曲线及最小抑菌浓度。最后初步应用于杜黑猪肉冷藏保鲜,通过感官评价、pH、肉色、菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮和硫代巴比妥酸值评价其保鲜效果。结果表明,来源于泡菜汁中一株副干酪乳杆菌Lab5对单增李斯特菌的抑制效果显著,抑菌圈直径达38.28±1.97 mm,抑菌物质存在于发酵上清液(CFS)中,CFS经60~121 ℃处理25 min,其对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌抑菌圈直径分别超过32.07±2.1 mm、11.53±0.44 mm;pH3.0~8.0范围内抑菌活性无显著性差异(P>0.05);蛋白酶K处理对抑菌活性影响最大,其对单增李斯特菌抑菌圈直径减小了7.69 mm;表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS具有良好的热稳定性、pH稳定性,对六种蛋白酶(糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、肠激酶、蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶)较不敏感。在应用于杜黑猪肉冷藏保鲜发现,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元处理组(2MIC和4MIC组)与对照组相比,冷藏9 d时肉品的菌落总数显著降低了99.7%,pH下降了0.33,硫代巴比妥酸反应物分别减少0.66 mg/kg、0.91 mg/kg(P<0.05);延长了货架期2 d。感官评分也表明其起到护色、改善气味的作用,延缓猪肉感官质量的下降。特别是4MIC后生元组在各项保鲜指标显示出更好的保鲜效果。以上研究结果表明,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5株后生元成分作为一种新型天然、安全的生物防腐剂,在肉类保鲜领域具有重要的应用潜力,对提升食品安全具有重要的理论和实际意义。

副干酪乳杆菌Lab5  /  后生元  /  单增李斯特菌  /  杜黑猪肉  /  保鲜

In this study, the screening of lactic acid bacteria with significant inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes. It was determined that the inhibitory substances existed in cell-free fermentation supernatant (CFS), cell pellet or bacterial lysate. The thermal stability, pH stability, and protease sensitivity of the inhibitory substances were investigated. The growth curve and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the selected strain were also determined. Finally, the preliminary application was in the cold storage and preservation of Duhei pork. The preservation effect was evaluated by sensory evaluation, pH, meat colour, viable cell counts, total volatile basic-nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The experimental results showed that a strain of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 from pickle juice showed notable inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, with an inhibition zone diameter of 38.28±1.97 mm, the inhibitory substances were present in the CFS, which was treated at 60~121 ℃ for 25 min, and its inhibition zone diameter of inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli still reached more than 32.07±2.1 mm and 11.53±0.44 mm. No significant difference in bacteriostatic activity in the pH 3.0~8.0 (P>0.05). Proteinase K treatment had the greatest effect on the inhibitory activity, as it reduced the diameter of the circle of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by 7.69 mm; It was shown that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 CFS had good thermal、pH stability and was less sensitive to six proteases (chymotrypsin, trypsin, enterokinase, proteinase K, papain, pepsin). In the preservation application of refrigerated Duhei pork, it was found that at 9 d of refrigeration, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 postbiotics treatment groups (2MIC and 4MIC groups) had significantly reduced the viable cell counts of the meat by 99.7% compared to the control, decreased the pH by 0.33, and reducing TBARS reactants by 0.66 mg/kg, and 0.91 mg/kg in meat (P<0.05), and prolonged the shelf-life by 2 d, when compared with the control group. The scores of sensory testing also indicated that it played a role in color protection, improved the odor and delayed the deterioration of the sensory quality of refrigerated pork. In particular, the 4MIC group showed better effects in all freshness indicators. It's concluded that the postbiotic of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5, as a new type of natural and safe biological preservative, has an important potential for application in the field of meat preservation, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for the enhancement of food safety.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5  /  postbiotics  /  Listeria monocytogenes  /  Duhei pork  /  preservation
王盼, 李林峰, 黄文艺, 吴艳丽, 张浩峰, 刘小容, 胡文锋, 胡斌, 李雪玲. 副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元特性及其在冷藏杜黑猪肉保鲜中的应用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 238 -247 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020042
Pan WANG, Linfeng LI, Wenyi HUANG, Yanli WU, Haofeng ZHANG, Xiaorong LIU, Wenfeng HU, Bin HU, Xueling LI. Characteristics of Postbiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lab5 and Its Application in the Preservation of Refrigerated Duhei Pork[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 238 -247 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020042
后生元(Postbiotics)是指对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/或其成分的制剂[1],其所用的菌株,必须是经过安全评价、证实可供食用的菌种,主要从肠道或发酵食品中分离获得。由于具有抗菌、抗氧化等功能特性,后生元在食品品质改良、保健品、食品脱毒等领域广泛应用[2]。在后生元来源菌株中,副干酪乳杆菌因其显著的抑菌效果而备受关注。研究表明,副干酪乳杆菌发酵上清液(cell-free fermentation supernatant,CFS)对多种真菌(如霉菌、红酵母、白色念珠菌)具有显著抑制作用[3]。副干酪乳杆菌p6发酵液对10种细菌和1种真菌具有抗菌活性,有效延缓饼干中过氧化物值和丙二醛含量的上升[4]。在肉类保鲜方面,副干酪乳杆菌与两种乳酸菌混合液使猪肉中单增李斯特菌数量降低20%[5];而菌株FX-6的发酵提取物对常见食源性致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)、水产致病菌及霉菌均表现出强抑制作用,将鲜虾货架期从6 d延长至8 d[6]。此外可与其他保鲜技术协同使用大大提升保鲜效果,例如副干酪乳杆菌H9与海藻酸钠复合涂膜处理鱼肉,比单独涂抹H9菌株延长保鲜期4 d[7];Danza等[8]将副干酪乳杆菌与气调包装、冷藏技术结合,延长了汉堡保质期4 d。这些研究充分证实,副干酪乳杆菌及其后生元在食品防腐保鲜领域拥有巨大应用潜力。
猪肉是我国居民食用肉类中占比最高且最重要的食用肉类。据统计,约三分之一的肉类因腐败变质而被浪费,造成极大的经济损失[9]。猪肉富含蛋白质和脂肪使其在加工、运输、储存过程中极易因微生物增殖代谢、内源酶催化以及脂肪氧化发生腐败变质[10−11]。普通瘦肉型猪种肌内脂肪含量2%~3%,而杜黑猪肉作为多元杂交品种(由小耳花猪、莱芜猪、圩猪、湘西黑猪等地方猪种和杜洛克猪经过数十年人工选育而成),其高肌内脂肪含量高达3%~10%,更易腐败变质[12]。目前肉类保鲜主要为化学防腐保鲜、辐照处理等。这些方法虽有一定的保鲜效果,但存在安全风险且影响肉类品质。因此,开发安全有效的生物保鲜技术具有重要意义。
基于此,本研究从泡菜汁中分离得到一株副干酪乳杆菌Lab5,研究发现该菌株发酵上清液对低温下仍能生长的致病菌——单增李斯特菌具有显著抑制其生长的作用。通过测定其后生元热稳定性、pH稳定性、蛋白酶敏感性,及其在杜黑猪肉低温储藏中保鲜效果的应用研究,为解决高脂地方猪肉的保鲜难题提供新思路。
LB营养琼脂培养基、MRS肉汤 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶(1:3000 U)、肠激酶(5 U/μL)、胰蛋白酶(1:250 U)、木瓜蛋白酶(800 U/mg)、蛋白酶K(30 U/mg)、糜蛋白酶(1500 U/mg) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;杜黑猪肉 广东壹号食品有限公司提供;单增李斯特菌ATCC 19115(Listeria monocytogenes)、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922(Escherichia coli) 广东省微生物研究所;乳酸菌 保存于华南农业大学食品学院应用微生物实验室,菌株来源信息如表1。
FD-1A-50冷冻干燥机 北京博医康实验仪器有限公司;K9840凯氏定氮仪 海能未来技术集团股份有限公司;UV-1100紫外可见分光光度计 上海美谱达光谱仪器有限公司;SAF-680T酶标分析仪 上海巴玖实业有限公司;NR60CP3nh色差仪 深圳市三恩驰科技有限公司;testo205插入式pH计 德图仪表(深圳)有限公司。
单增李斯特菌作为革兰氏阳性指示菌,大肠杆菌作为革兰氏阴性指示菌,制备两种指示菌菌液(106 CFU/mL)。乳酸菌菌液的制备:乳酸菌菌株活化后的菌液以1%接种量接种于50 mL MRS液体培养基中,37 ℃培养48 h。热灭活乳酸菌菌液:以上乳酸菌菌液经121 ℃处理25 min。
参考Xu等[13]的牛津杯法检测其抑菌活性:在无菌平皿中倒入15~20 mL LB营养琼脂培养基,静置冷凝。待培养基凝固后,加入100 μL(1×106 CFU/mL)指示菌菌液,用灭菌后的涂布棒均匀涂布,向培养基上放置已灭菌牛津杯,向牛津杯孔内注入200 μL菌液或灭活菌液,37 ℃正立培养24 h后测量抑菌圈直径。每个样品至少做两个复孔。
热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5菌悬液的制备:取热灭活菌液,10000 r/min离心15 min,收集菌体,并用PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)洗涤后于10000 r/min离心15 min,以洗去培养基,重复3次。将菌体重悬于PBS缓冲液至相同体积。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵上清液的制备:取热灭活菌液,于10000 r/min离心15 min,收集上清液,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5细胞裂解物的制备:取菌悬液在冰浴中超声破碎细胞(功率300 W、工作时间2 s、间隔3 s、循环900次)。
副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵上清液分别在60、70、80、90、100、121 ℃温度下处理25 min后,冷却至室温,以室温(25 ℃)未经热处理的副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS为对照组,采用牛津杯法进行抑菌实验。
向热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS加入5%(v/v)相应蛋白酶,各蛋白酶终浓度为1.0 g/L。用1 mol/L HCl和1 mol/L NaOH调pH分别至糜蛋白酶(最适pH8.0,37 ℃),胰蛋白酶(最适pH7.8,37 ℃),肠激酶(最适pH8.0,30 ℃),蛋白酶K(最适pH7.5,50 ℃),木瓜蛋白酶(最适pH7.0,60 ℃),胃蛋白酶(最适pH3.0,37 ℃)最适pH、温度下处理1 h,然后将处理后的溶液pH调至上清液初始pH(3.50)。以不做酶处理的热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS作为对照组,进行抑菌实验。
以1 mol/L HCl与1 mol/L NaOH调整灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS的pH至3、4、5、6、7、8,室温静置1 h,即得到相应pH处理的灭活CFS,后调回至溶液初始 pH(3.51)。控制溶液终体积一致。设未pH处理的灭活CFS组为对照组(pH3.51),以MRS液体培养基作空白参照。
副干酪乳杆菌Lab5菌液以2%的接种量接种于150 mL MRS液体培养基中37 ℃培养2 d。每隔2 h取样,38 h后间隔3~4 h取样,取5 mL菌液置于离心管中,测量OD600 nm值和pH。取样品发酵上清液做抑菌实验,以MRS培养基作为空白对照,测量抑菌圈的直径。
将灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS分装至100 mL无菌离心管中,每管约20 mL,−80 ℃预冷48 h,于真空冷冻干燥机中冻干2 d,取出立即研磨成粉末,密封备用。
参考Yu等[14]的方法,微量肉汤稀释法测定MIC。用LB肉汤溶解热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS冻干粉使其质量浓度为400 mg/mL,随后用LB肉汤进行对半稀释,使其终质量浓度分别为200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125、1.5625、0.78125和0.390625 mg/mL,然后加入100 μL单增李斯特菌液(5×105 CFU/mL)于孔板中。其中LB肉汤与单增李斯特菌液混合液为阳性对照;200 mg/mL热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS为阴性对照。孔板置于37 ℃培养24 h,于酶标仪测定600 nm处吸光值,MIC为读数与阴性对照平均值无显著差异的处理组。
副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元的制备:参考刘银雪等[15]取经121 ℃处理25 min热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS于真空冷冻干燥后得到后生元冻干粉备用。
以75%酒精擦拭用具后紫外照射20 min,取杜黑猪背最长肌肉,剔筋去膜,切分成约150 g且厚度相近肉块。设对照组(不处理)与处理组(配制2MIC、4MIC浓度副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元溶液并均匀涂于猪肉样品表面)置于方形塑料盒中。塑料盒用保鲜膜包裹,以确保盒内外之间的空气交换。样品放于4 ℃冷库,每隔1 d取样测定。
参照 GB 4789.2-2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》,样品每隔1 d取样,梯度稀释后进行涂布,于37 ℃培养48 h后计数。
感官质量评定遵循 GB/T 22210-2008《肉与肉制品感官评定规范》。挑选10名受过培训人员组成感官评定小组,分别对感官指标进行综合评定。结果均采用10分法呈现,评价标准见表2。
肉色采用色差仪测定L*,a*,b*值,每组测定5个不同点;样品pH使用插入式pH计测量,每组测量三次;挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量的测定参考 GB 5009.228-2016《食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》中自动凯氏定氮仪法进行测定;参照GB 2707-2016《食品安全国家标准 鲜(冻)畜、禽产品》中标准TVB-N值>15 mg/100 g,即为变质肉。以TVB-N值为15 mg/100 g和菌落总数为106 CFU/g作为判断货架期终点的界限。
硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid value,TBARS)值:参考Fan等[16]的方法,称取10.0 g搅碎的猪肉样品,加50 mL 7.5%三氯乙酸溶液(含0.1%乙二胺四乙酸),1000 r/min振荡混匀30 min,双层滤纸过滤2次,均弃初滤液。取5 mL滤液与5 mL 0.02%硫代巴比妥酸水溶液混合,90 ℃水浴40 min。冷却至室温后1600 r/min离心5 min,取8 mL上清液与5 mL三氯甲烷于试管中混匀,静置分层取上清液。以样品空白调零,测定532 nm和600 nm处光度值。平行测定3次。TBARS含量以每公斤肉的丙二醛毫克数(MDA)表示,计算公式如下:
$ \text{TBARS}(\text{mg/kg})=\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{532}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{600}}}{155}\times \frac{1}{10}\times 72.6\times 1000 $
式中:丙二醛与硫代巴比妥酸反应物的消光系数155(mmol·L-1)−1·cm−1。
每组实验重复测定3 次,结果用平均值±标准差表示;试验数据采用Graphpad Prism 9软件作图,以SPSS 24软件采用双尾t检验对数据进行显著性差异分析(P<0.05)。
牛津杯法检测到各乳酸菌菌株发酵菌液对指示菌均有一定抑制生长的作用,抑杀单增李斯特菌比大肠杆菌效果好。如图1显示,Lab5菌株对单增李斯特菌抑菌效果最好,抑菌圈为 38.28±1.97 mm。研究经热灭活处理的乳酸菌液对指示菌抑菌效果发现,经121 ℃下25 min热灭活处理后的菌液仍有较高的抑菌活性。Lab5热灭活与未做处理的菌液相比,抑菌圈直径为36.43±2.06 mm。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5菌液与其热灭活菌液对单增李斯特菌的抑菌活性无显著差异(P>0.05),说明热灭活处理不影响其对单增李斯特菌的抑菌能力。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5菌液抑菌圈直径极显著大于热灭活菌液抑菌圈直径(P<0.001),这一差异可能源于活菌不仅代谢产生有机酸和细菌素等多种抗菌物质,还可以通过菌体的生长繁殖和竞争排斥等作用来促进抑菌效果的产生[17],且后生元与活菌相比,无需冷藏,容易储存且保质期长、携带方便[18]。
为确定不同组分发酵菌液的抑菌活性,制备灭活发酵上清液、灭活菌悬液、细胞裂解物进行抑菌实验,结果如图2、表3所示,发现只有灭活CFS对指示菌有抑菌效果,说明具有抑菌效果的物质存在于发酵上清液中。Behrooz等[19]也发现副干酪乳杆菌B31-2的发酵上清液对单增李斯特菌表现出显著抗菌活性,这与本文结果一致,但并未进一步阐明其他组分是否具有抑菌效果。
热稳定性实验结果如图3,发现随温度的升高,发酵液抑菌活性降低。但经60、70、80、90、100、121 ℃处理后,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS对单增李斯特菌仍保持较高抑菌活性且无显著性差异(P>0.05)。经100、121 ℃处理后发酵上清液与对照组相比,对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性有差异但不显著(P>0.05)。121 ℃处理25 min后,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌抑菌圈仍分别达到32.07±2.1 mm、11.53±0.44 mm,以上结果表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS热稳定性好。
Huang等[20]发现乳酸菌发酵液粗提物的抗菌活性在40~100 ℃间具有较高的稳定性,而在121 ℃下抑菌面积减少约26.15%。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS经121 ℃处理后对单增李斯特菌的抑菌面积减少10.87%。良好的热稳定性对其应用于食品加工是非常有利的。
选取6种代表性蛋白酶进行抑菌实验,探究其蛋白酶敏感性(图4),与对照组相比,热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS经蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性均下降,蛋白酶K组对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性影响最大(P<0.05),抑菌圈直径分别为26.33±0.74 mm、8.84±0.56 mm,比对照组减小了7.69 mm、3.18 mm;胃蛋白酶组对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌抑菌圈直径分别减小5.39 mm、2.87 mm。经蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性下降,热灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS中可能含有蛋白质或肽类抑菌物质[20]。不同于许多乳酸菌株CFS对蛋白酶表现出高敏感性特征,经蛋白酶K、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶处理后完全丧失活性[21−25]。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS经蛋白酶处理后虽抑菌活性下降但仍有较好抑菌效果,结果表明其对六种蛋白酶较不敏感,在食品工业中具有很好的应用潜力[26]。
如图5所示,将灭活副干酪乳杆菌发酵液的pH调整至不同pH处理1 h,在pH3.0~8.0时抑菌活性未发生显著变化(P>0.05),在接近初始pH3.51的pH4时抑菌活性降低最少,当pH9.0时,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5灭活发酵上清液抑菌活性显著降低(P<0.05)。在强碱性条件下,副干酪乳杆菌Lab CFS抑菌活性降低可能是由于其中含有乳酸、乙酸等有机酸,有机酸因解离而失去抑菌活性[27]。乳酸菌代谢产物具有广谱抑菌性,其抑菌活性具有酸依赖性,例如乳酸链球菌代谢产物[28],而副干酪乳杆菌Lab5灭活发酵上清液在pH3.0~8.0范围内pH稳定性好,为其在猪肉等食品保鲜中应用提供了可能性。
生长曲线如图6,OD600 nm值显示培养6~18 h即进入对数生长期,20 h左右进入稳定期。pH在培养6 h后开始发生变化,6~24 h pH迅速下降,从5.33降至3.86,24~41 h pH缓慢下降,41 h后恒定在3.5左右。抑菌实验结果显示副干酪乳杆菌生长开始产生抑菌物质,培养44 h时抑菌活性达到最高,随后保持稳定。整个过程与pH的变化无关,结果表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5在整个生长期间一直产生抑菌物质。
微量肉汤稀释法结果显示灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS低于12.5 mg/mL时单增李斯特菌可以生长,而12.5 mg/mL浓度处理下的OD600 nm值与阴性对照组无显著差异,表明Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115生长完全受到抑制,因此确定其对单增李斯特菌的MIC为12.5 mg/mL。
微生物污染是鲜肉变质的主要因素之一,因此菌落总数是评价肉类新鲜程度的重要指标[29]。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元对不同冷藏时间下杜黑猪肉中菌落总数影响如图7。根据GB/T 9959.2-2008《分割鲜、冻猪瘦肉》中冷鲜猪瘦肉菌落总数应低于106 CFU/g。对照组菌落总数在4 ℃储存3 d时为5.44×106 CFU/g,略超过国标,9 d时菌落总数高达1.36×109 CFU/g。与对照组相比,冷藏9 d内后生元浓度为2MIC、4MIC组菌落总数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且4MIC组抑菌效果更好。2MIC组储存5 d时菌落总数为1.2×106 CFU/g超过国标;4MIC组储存7 d时达到1.28×106 CFU/g。9 d时,2MIC、4MIC两组菌落总数无显著性差异(P>0.05),分别为4.08×106 CFU/g、4.04×106 CFU/g。可见将副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元涂抹在猪肉表面可减缓细菌生长繁殖,延缓猪肉冷藏劣化,对冷却猪肉起到较好的保鲜效果。
对各感官指标得分求均值做雷达图,如图8所示,各项得分随冷藏时间下降。除大理石花纹指标外,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元浓度为2MIC、4MIC组感官指标得分下降幅度均小于对照组。色泽方面,2MIC和4MIC后生元处理组在1 d时影响猪肉色泽,但随冷藏时间增加,2MIC和4MIC组比对照组得分更高,两处理组间无差异(P>0.05)。两处理组气味得分高于对照组,且2MIC组最高。粘度和弹性得分显示,两处理组比对照组略高但无显著差异(P>0.05),且并未显示后生元浓度增加对冷藏猪肉粘度和弹性有改善。三组各冷藏时间大理石花纹得分无显著差异(P>0.05)。表明在猪肉表面涂抹副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元可护色,改善气味,延缓冷却猪肉的感官质量的下降。
肉色在一定程度体现猪肉的品质,直接影响消费者的感官[30]。肉色测定结果如图9,L*值先上升后下降,亮度值上升是由于肉表面的水增强了光的反射[31],后随冷藏时间延长,肉失水逐渐干燥变粘。0 d和9 d时,均是后生元4MIC组亮度最高,对照组亮度最低,表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元涂抹在冷却猪肉表面能增加猪肉亮度,且冷藏9 d仍能保持较高亮度。a*值表示红度,呈先升后降的趋势,对照组降幅最大,4MIC组降幅最小。因为肉中肌红蛋白与空气接触为氧合肌红蛋白,后逐渐氧化成深褐色的高铁肌红蛋白(MetMb),a*值下降[32],表明后生元对a*值影响不大。b*值表示黄度,0 d的4MIC组b*值最高,其次是2MIC组。9 d时4MIC组b*值显著高于另外两组(P<0.05)。后生元组肉色变化与对照组相比更为稳定,可能是由于后生元具有较强抗氧化活性,避免肌红蛋白被过度氧化。综上,冷却猪肉涂抹后生元有一定的抗氧化作用,延缓肉色改变,且4MIC组护色效果最好。有研究表明乳酸菌可能存在MetMb还原酶或细菌素,能稳定肉色,起到护色作用[33]。
pH是判断冷却猪肉新鲜度的重要理化指标。依据 GB/T 9695.5-2008《肉与肉制品pH值测定》:pH>6.7为变质肉。图10显示冷藏猪肉pH整体趋势是0~3 d先降低,3~9 d后上升。因冷藏初期猪肉细胞内部呼吸作用使肌糖原酵解、ATP分解产生磷酸、乳酸等酸性物质;后期微生物大量繁殖,蛋白质在蛋白酶的作用下被分解产生氨和胺类等碱性化合物,导致pH上升[34−35]。对照组9 d时pH显示为变质肉,此时后生元2MIC与4MIC组pH无显著差异(P>0.05),分别为6.37、6.36。与对照组相比,两处理组pH变化明显变缓,表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元应用于猪肉冷藏中可显著延缓pH变化,延长冷藏货架期。
猪肉蛋白在酶和微生物作用下,产生胺类等含氮化合物,故测量冷藏猪肉中的TVB-N的含量能反映肉的鲜度[36−37]。图11显示,随冷藏时间增加,TVB-N含量逐渐增加,对照组TVB-N含量增加最快,后生元4MIC组增加最慢。对照组3 d时,TVB-N含量略超标准已变质,达到17.88 mg/100 g,而此时2MIC、4MIC组均未超过15 mg/100 g;5 d时,三组均显示变质,此时两个后生元处理组TVB-N含量无显著差异(P>0.05),分别为22.40 mg/100 g、23.57 mg/100 g;9 d时,4MIC组TVB-N含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。本实验以TVB-N值为15 mg/100 g和菌落总数为106 CFU/g作为判断货架期终点的界限,对照组货架期为1 d,2MIC和4MIC组货架期为3 d。与对照组相比,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元涂抹于猪肉表面能抑制相关酶活性及微生物繁殖来降低TVB-N的产生,可有效延长猪肉货架期2d。
TBARS常用来衡量肉类脂质氧化程度,TBARS值越高,表明肉中脂质氧化程度越高,肉越不新鲜[38−39]。由图12可以看出,冷藏时间越长,各组TBARS值均升高。冷藏9 d时,对照组、2MIC和4MIC组TBARS值分别为1.80、1.14、0.89 mg/kg。后生元2MIC和4MIC组在冷藏7、9 d时TBARS值明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且4MIC组TBARS值最低,效果较好。后生元抑制肉中不饱和脂肪酸在氧自由基的作用下发生自由基链式反应,且后生元的抑菌作用,间接抑制脂肪氧化的发生,延缓丙二醛的产生。表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元对冷藏猪肉的脂质氧化有较强的抑制作用。有研究也发现益生菌制剂能延缓干香肠和猪颈氧化,使TBARS变化和肉色更稳定[40]。
本研究表明副干酪乳杆菌Lab5发酵液对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌的生长均有显著抑制作用,尤其对单增李斯特菌的抑制效果更为突出,抑菌圈直径达38.28±1.97 mm。此外,副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS经60~121 ℃处理25 min,其对单增李斯特菌和大肠杆菌抑菌圈直径分别超过32.07±2.1 mm、11.53±0.44 mm,表明其具有良好的热稳定性,灭活副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 CFS在pH3.0~8.0时pH稳定性好,经六类蛋白酶(糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、肠激酶、蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶)处理后仍有较好的抑菌效果,表明其对蛋白酶不敏感。副干酪乳杆菌Lab5整个生长过程持续产生抑菌物质,44 h时抑菌活性最高且与pH变化无关,测得其对单增李斯特菌的MIC为12.5 mg/mL。在杜黑猪肉保鲜的应用实验中,Lab5后生元显著降低肉品的菌落总数,延缓了pH变化,减少了TVB-N和TBARS的生成(P<0.05),有效维持肉品品质并延长了货架期2 d。感官实验也显示副干酪乳杆菌Lab5 后生元可改善气味,护色,延缓冷却猪肉的感官质量的下降,特别是4MIC组各项指标上均表现最佳。目前副干酪乳杆菌Lab5后生元初步应用于猪肉保鲜,后续可与化学保鲜剂复合涂膜、气调保藏等其他保鲜技术协同使用,大大提升保鲜效果。本研究为副干酪乳杆菌后生元在肉类保鲜中广泛应用提供了科学依据,为食品安全和品质控制提供更多解决方案。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020042
  • 接收时间:2025-02-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08
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作者信息
    1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642
    2华南农业大学动物科学学院,广东广州 510642
    3生物源生物技术(深圳)股份有限公司,广东深圳 518118
    4广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所/猪禽种业国家重点实验室/广东省动物育种与营养重点实验室,广东广州 510640

通讯作者:

胡斌(1982−),男,博士,高级畜牧师,研究方向:生猪生产管理与繁殖育种研究,E-mail:。
李雪玲(1978−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:应用微生物学,E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020042
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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