Article(id=1320889910081474743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738944000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854295510, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854295510, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854295510, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854295510, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=282, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889910396047544, articleId=1320889910081474743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Fuzhuan Tea Composition and Preparation of Effervescent Granules, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was about the Fuzhuan tea composition and its corresponding effervescent granules. Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide content being the evaluation index, the effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, alcohol precipitation time, and extract concentration ratio on the ethanol precipitation process of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharides were investigated through single factor and response surface experiments. The optimal composition ratio of the Fuzhuan tea composition (polysaccharides, fine powder, and extract) was determined based on in vitro activity and sensory evaluation. Using the Fuzhuan tea composition as the main raw material, the excipient ratio for acid-base granules was optimized through single-factor and response surface experiments. The formulation was comprehensively evaluated based on integrated scoring indicators, including granule appearance, ease of granulation, molding rate, and dissolution properties. The results demonstrated that the optimal alcohol precipitation process for Fuzhuan tea polysaccharides was as follows: the extract was concentrated 4-fold, with an ethanol concentration of 100%, a liquid-to-material ratio of 4 (mL:g), and an alcohol precipitation duration of 48 h. In the conditions, the polysaccharide content was 2.78±0.12 mg/g, confirming the feasibility of the process. The Fuzhuan tea composition (5% polysaccharides, 20% fine powder, 75% extract) demonstrated potent bioactivity, with scavenging rates of 84.49%±3.45% (DPPH), 78.52%±0.47% (hydroxyl), and 75.26%±1.10% (superoxide anion). The α-glucosidase inhibition rate was 89.98%±0.17%, the α-amylase inhibition rate was 42.24%±0.21%, and the bile salt binding capacity was 75.09%±0.73%. The optimal formula for Fuzhuan tea effervescent granules was 1:2 for acid-alkali source (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid), 45% effervescent and 5% PVPK 30 ethanol solution for binder, the average comprehensive score of the prepared Fuzhuan tea effervescent granules was 94.7±0.26. The Fuzhuan tea effervescent granules exhibited uniform texture, an angle of repose of 32.37°, a moisture content of 4.2%, and a rapid dissolution time of 133 s, with favorable sensory evaluation and stable quality. This study provides novel insights for developing innovative edible forms of Fuzhuan tea.

, authors=Nan LI1, 2, Shasha LI1, 2, Gen LI1, Ruotong WANG1, Pin GONG1, 2, Wenjuan YANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Nan LI, Shasha LI, Gen LI, Ruotong WANG, Pin GONG, Wenjuan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenjuan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889917849325775, articleId=1320889910081474743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=茯茶组合物优化及其泡腾颗粒的制备, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在制备一款茯茶组合物及其泡腾颗粒。以茯茶为原料,以多糖含量为指标,通过单因素实验和响应面试验考察了乙醇质量分数、液料比、醇沉时间及提取液浓缩倍数等对茯茶多糖醇沉工艺的影响。通过体外活性及感官评价确定茯茶组合物(多糖、微粉、提取物)的最佳组成比例。以茯茶组合物为主要原料,通过单因素实验和响应面试验优选了酸碱颗粒的辅料配比。以泡腾颗粒的外观、制粒难易程度、成型率和溶化性作为评分指标对配方进行综合评价。结果显示,茯茶多糖最佳醇沉工艺为:茯茶提取液浓缩倍数为4,乙醇质量分数为100%,液料比为4(mL:g),醇沉时间为48 h,在此条件下多糖含量为2.78±0.12 mg/g,工艺可行。茯茶组合物(茯茶多糖5%、茯茶微粉20%、茯茶提取物75%)对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率分别为84.49%±3.45%、78.52%±0.47%、75.26%±1.10%;对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为89.98%±0.17%,对α-淀粉酶抑制率为42.24%±0.21%,胆酸盐结合率为75.09%±0.73%。茯茶泡腾颗粒最佳配方为:酸碱源(柠檬酸、碳酸氢钠)比例为1:2;泡腾剂占比为45%;粘合剂为5% PVPK 30乙醇溶液,制备的茯茶泡腾颗粒平均综合评分为94.7±0.26。茯茶泡腾颗粒均匀,休止角32.37°,含水量4.2%,溶化时间133 s,溶化时间短,感官评价良好,质量稳定。本研究为茯茶新型食用形式提供了新思路。

, authors=李楠1, 2, 李莎莎1, 2, 李根1, 王若彤1, 龚频1, 2, 杨文娟1, 2, *, authorsList=李楠, 李莎莎, 李根, 王若彤, 龚频, 杨文娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨文娟, authorNote=

李楠(1979−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:中药质量控制及天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:

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杨文娟(1980−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物功能活性及其产品加工,E-mail:。
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Food and Fermentation Industries, 2010, 36(9): 42−45., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889936501395814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘温凯, 欧阳丹, 徐仰丽, 等. 组合酶制备羊栖菜多糖的工艺优化及其降血脂活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2025, 46(12): 237−247. [LIU Wenkai, OUYANG Dan, XU Yangli, et al. Optimization of the process for extracting polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme using combined enzymes and analysis of its hypolipidemic activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(12): 237−247.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889936593670503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Wenkai, OUYANG Dan, XU Yangli, et al. Optimization of the process for extracting polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme using combined enzymes and analysis of its hypolipidemic activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(12): 237−247., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889936681750888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林栋楠, 成佳玮, 马怡鑫, 等. 基于茶文化视角的年轻化新中式茶食店运营模式探析[J]. 福建茶叶, 2020, 42(6): 101−102. [LIN Dongnan, CHENG Jiawei, MA Yixin, et al. Analysis on the operation mode of young new Chinese tea shop from the perspective of tea culture[J]. Tea in Fujian, 2020, 42(6): 101−102.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889936786608489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Dongnan, CHENG Jiawei, MA Yixin, et al. Analysis on the operation mode of young new Chinese tea shop from the perspective of tea culture[J]. 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polysaccharide content of Fuzhuan tea, figureFileSmall=SQJW9dPkSH9GZjE83WZGkg==, figureFileBig=cJI7Z7+86ifGbv0mHiSs5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889923431944453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乙醇质量分数对茯茶多糖含量的影响, figureFileSmall=SQJW9dPkSH9GZjE83WZGkg==, figureFileBig=cJI7Z7+86ifGbv0mHiSs5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889923658436870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of liquid feed ratio on polysaccharide content of Fuzhuan tea, figureFileSmall=3yOv6jmj1IiIcT1gwOlkhw==, figureFileBig=f/MheTWyfTXGMop8Ooecjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889923742322951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图2, caption=液料比对茯茶多糖含量的影响, figureFileSmall=3yOv6jmj1IiIcT1gwOlkhw==, figureFileBig=f/MheTWyfTXGMop8Ooecjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925403267336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of alcohol settling time on polysaccharide content of Fuzhuan tea, figureFileSmall=4EXDJrPpwl5rv7L8pyjVKQ==, figureFileBig=nvZGI8CITetRmYr9QMYxkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925524902153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图3, caption=醇沉时间对茯茶多糖含量的影响, figureFileSmall=4EXDJrPpwl5rv7L8pyjVKQ==, figureFileBig=nvZGI8CITetRmYr9QMYxkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925592011018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of concentration multiple on polysaccharide content of Fuzhuan tea, figureFileSmall=05c8CLYjzvOkzcOGOvTvRg==, figureFileBig=PA5jw1RaZLqhYK2LiIT/Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925659119883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图4, caption=浓缩倍数对茯茶多糖含量的影响, figureFileSmall=05c8CLYjzvOkzcOGOvTvRg==, figureFileBig=PA5jw1RaZLqhYK2LiIT/Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925722034444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radical by different concentrations of Fuzhuan tea compositions, figureFileSmall=wF0cmX3We7oNXucesU7Sxg==, figureFileBig=IUbhnP7R/+lruYNZjqyj5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925780754701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同浓度茯茶组合物对羟基自由基的清除率, figureFileSmall=wF0cmX3We7oNXucesU7Sxg==, figureFileBig=IUbhnP7R/+lruYNZjqyj5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925843669262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Scavenging rate of DPPH free radical by different concentrations of Fuzhuan tea compositions, figureFileSmall=FGT4BiwZQma0+kh1wFwmGw==, figureFileBig=BSn2BBno86xzzwWt+5vc2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925910778127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同浓度茯茶组合物对DPPH自由基的清除率, figureFileSmall=FGT4BiwZQma0+kh1wFwmGw==, figureFileBig=BSn2BBno86xzzwWt+5vc2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889925969498384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Scavenging rate of superoxide anion radical by different concentrations of Fuzhuan tea compositions, figureFileSmall=fu8W9AU/oC+iVwT8+d1swA==, figureFileBig=81Q9ZfjKtVMNFgMWeZGsfw==, tableContent=null), 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articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Inhibitory rate of Fuzhuan tea composition on α-amylase, figureFileSmall=u76ChhyF9JUz+8tRgEgBsg==, figureFileBig=eYZywguR+tsvy17B5tNrSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889926367957270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图9, caption=茯茶组合物对α-淀粉酶的抑制率

注:***表示组合物1~5与阿卡波糖相比差异极显著,P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=u76ChhyF9JUz+8tRgEgBsg==, figureFileBig=eYZywguR+tsvy17B5tNrSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889926435066135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Binding rate of Fuzhuan tea composition to bile salts, figureFileSmall=SByKkluR4y+JeE0lObBxUA==, figureFileBig=wG53Ekw102TYPni0WjAOCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889926531535128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图10, caption=茯茶组合物对胆酸盐的结合率

注:***表示组合物1~5与辛他伐汀相比差异极显著,P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=SByKkluR4y+JeE0lObBxUA==, figureFileBig=wG53Ekw102TYPni0WjAOCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889926644781337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Appearance of effervescent granules of Fuzhuan tea, figureFileSmall=/ZwTefhuA3+BqeDFpQ0QzQ==, figureFileBig=v8OGGL18ekCCz39w/Tn9oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889926762221850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=图11, caption=茯茶泡腾颗粒外观, figureFileSmall=/ZwTefhuA3+BqeDFpQ0QzQ==, figureFileBig=v8OGGL18ekCCz39w/Tn9oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889926879662363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Table of test design factors and levels

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因素代码水平
−101
乙醇质量分数(%)A9095100
乙醇倍量B345
浓缩体积C0.20.250.3
醇沉时间(h)D243648
), ArticleFig(id=1320889926976131356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素和水平设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素代码水平
−101
乙醇质量分数(%)A9095100
乙醇倍量B345
浓缩体积C0.20.250.3
醇沉时间(h)D243648
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927089377565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Ratio of Fuzhuan tea composition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组成组合物1组合物2组合物3组合物4组合物5
茯茶微粉(%)2020202020
茯茶多糖(%)12345
茯茶提取物(%)7978777675
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927169069342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

茯茶组合物组成及比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组成组合物1组合物2组合物3组合物4组合物5
茯茶微粉(%)2020202020
茯茶多糖(%)12345
茯茶提取物(%)7978777675
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927257149727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Standard of sensory evaluation of Fuzhuan tea composition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准得分(分)
汤色鉴别(30分)茶汤红浓明亮20~30
茶汤亮度差,色淡,略有浑浊10~20
无光泽,色暗淡,浑浊1~10
滋味鉴别(40分)以醇厚甘甜为优,喉间回味见长25~40
味平淡,苦涩,回味短10~25
味苦涩,无回味1~10
气味鉴别(30分)香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味20~30
香气单薄,持续时间短,无异味10~20
具有异味1~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927332647200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

茯茶组合物感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准得分(分)
汤色鉴别(30分)茶汤红浓明亮20~30
茶汤亮度差,色淡,略有浑浊10~20
无光泽,色暗淡,浑浊1~10
滋味鉴别(40分)以醇厚甘甜为优,喉间回味见长25~40
味平淡,苦涩,回味短10~25
味苦涩,无回味1~10
气味鉴别(30分)香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味20~30
香气单薄,持续时间短,无异味10~20
具有异味1~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927420727585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Response interview optimization design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A 酸碱源比例B 泡腾剂占比(%)C PVPK 30添加量(%)
−11.1:1403
01.2:1455
11.3:1507
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927492030754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

响应面试验优化设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A 酸碱源比例B 泡腾剂占比(%)C PVPK 30添加量(%)
−11.1:1403
01.2:1455
11.3:1507
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927571722531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Sensory evaluation standard of effervescent granules of Fuzhuan tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评价标椎得分(分)
外观
(40分)
颗粒均匀、色泽一致,无吸潮、软化等现象
颗粒较均匀,存在少量色差
颗粒不均匀,色差大,有吸潮、软化等现象
31~40
11~30
0~10
风味
(30分)
具有茶香味且无异味
具有较淡的茶香味
无茶香味或存在异味
21~30
11~20
0~10
口感
(30分)
茶香味明显,细腻不酸涩
茶香味较淡,稍有酸涩感
茶香味淡,有明显酸涩感
21~30
11~20
0~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927647220004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

茯茶泡腾颗粒感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评价标椎得分(分)
外观
(40分)
颗粒均匀、色泽一致,无吸潮、软化等现象
颗粒较均匀,存在少量色差
颗粒不均匀,色差大,有吸潮、软化等现象
31~40
11~30
0~10
风味
(30分)
具有茶香味且无异味
具有较淡的茶香味
无茶香味或存在异味
21~30
11~20
0~10
口感
(30分)
茶香味明显,细腻不酸涩
茶香味较淡,稍有酸涩感
茶香味淡,有明显酸涩感
21~30
11~20
0~10
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927731106085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Design and results of response interview optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A乙醇质量分数
(%)
B液料比
(mL:g)
C浓缩
倍数
D醇沉时间
(h)
多糖含量
(mg/g)
19034361.408
29534242.216
39534482.216
49533360.988
59535362.054
610034362.324
79045362.014
89043361.036
99044482.048
109044241.924
119543241.156
129544362.324
139544362.544
149545482.298
159543481.272
169545242.610
179544362.516
1810044482.761
1910045362.328
2010043360.992
2110044242.256
229054362.331
239553361.272
249554482.745
259554241.938
269555362.314
2710054362.404
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927835963686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

响应面优化试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A乙醇质量分数
(%)
B液料比
(mL:g)
C浓缩
倍数
D醇沉时间
(h)
多糖含量
(mg/g)
19034361.408
29534242.216
39534482.216
49533360.988
59535362.054
610034362.324
79045362.014
89043361.036
99044482.048
109044241.924
119543241.156
129544362.324
139544362.544
149545482.298
159543481.272
169545242.610
179544362.516
1810044482.761
1910045362.328
2010043360.992
2110044242.256
229054362.331
239553361.272
249554482.745
259554241.938
269555362.314
2710054362.404
), ArticleFig(id=1320889927919849767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

ANOVA results of regression equation

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项目平方和均方F值P值显著性
模型7.750.553418.40< 0.0001**
A-乙醇质量分数0.44260.442614.720.0024**
B-料液比0.26920.26928.950.0112*
C-浓缩倍数3.973.97132.01< 0.0001**
D-醇沉时间0.12810.12814.260.0613
AB0.17760.17765.910.0317*
AC0.03210.03211.070.322
AD0.03620.03621.200.2942
BC0.00010.00010.00480.946
BD0.16270.16275.410.0384*
CD0.04580.04581.520.2408
A²0.22820.22827.590.0174*
B²0.13450.13454.470.056
C²2.212.2173.39< 0.0001**
D²0.00010.00010.00460.9469
残差0.36080.0301
失拟项0.33220.03322.320.3391不显著
净误差0.02870.0143
总离度8.11
), ArticleFig(id=1320889928020513064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

回归方程方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目平方和均方F值P值显著性
模型7.750.553418.40< 0.0001**
A-乙醇质量分数0.44260.442614.720.0024**
B-料液比0.26920.26928.950.0112*
C-浓缩倍数3.973.97132.01< 0.0001**
D-醇沉时间0.12810.12814.260.0613
AB0.17760.17765.910.0317*
AC0.03210.03211.070.322
AD0.03620.03621.200.2942
BC0.00010.00010.00480.946
BD0.16270.16275.410.0384*
CD0.04580.04581.520.2408
A²0.22820.22827.590.0174*
B²0.13450.13454.470.056
C²2.212.2173.39< 0.0001**
D²0.00010.00010.00460.9469
残差0.36080.0301
失拟项0.33220.03322.320.3391不显著
净误差0.02870.0143
总离度8.11
), ArticleFig(id=1320889928108593449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Results of the sensory evaluation

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组别项目感官描述均分
(分)
总分
(分)
组合物1汤色茶汤红浓明亮23.9272.59
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短23
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味25.67
组合物2汤色茶汤红浓明亮2473.75
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短25
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味24.75
组合物3汤色茶汤红浓明亮2574.58
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短24.33
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味25.25
组合物4汤色茶汤红浓明亮25.1773.83
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短24.33
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味24.33
组合物5汤色茶汤红浓明亮25.3375.08
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短24.67
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味25.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320889928184090922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

感官评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别项目感官描述均分
(分)
总分
(分)
组合物1汤色茶汤红浓明亮23.9272.59
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短23
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味25.67
组合物2汤色茶汤红浓明亮2473.75
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短25
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味24.75
组合物3汤色茶汤红浓明亮2574.58
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短24.33
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味25.25
组合物4汤色茶汤红浓明亮25.1773.83
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短24.33
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味24.33
组合物5汤色茶汤红浓明亮25.3375.08
滋味味平淡,苦涩,回味短24.67
气味香气清爽,醇厚,浓郁,持久,无其他异味25.08
), ArticleFig(id=1320889929794703659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Experimental results of response surface optimization

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实验号A酸碱源
比例
B泡腾剂
占比(%)
C PVPK 30
添加量(%)
综合评分
(分)
11.2:140767.64
21.1:150567.10
31.3:145381.81
41.2:145591.98
51.1:145370.03
61.3:140565.36
71.2:150775.05
81.3:145773.76
91.3:150585.05
101.2:145592.79
111.1:140569.00
121.2:150381.49
131.1:145767.66
141.2:140373.38
151.2:145594.88
161.2:145591.36
171.2:145596.18
), ArticleFig(id=1320889929895366956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

响应面优化试验结果

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实验号A酸碱源
比例
B泡腾剂
占比(%)
C PVPK 30
添加量(%)
综合评分
(分)
11.2:140767.64
21.1:150567.10
31.3:145381.81
41.2:145591.98
51.1:145370.03
61.3:140565.36
71.2:150775.05
81.3:145773.76
91.3:150585.05
101.2:145592.79
111.1:140569.00
121.2:150381.49
131.1:145767.66
141.2:140373.38
151.2:145594.88
161.2:145591.36
171.2:145596.18
), ArticleFig(id=1320889929970864429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Regression model variance analysis of comprehensive evaluation indexes for effervescent granules of Fuzhuan tea

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来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著度
模型1930.639214.5178.68< 0.0001**
A-酸碱比例129.521129.5247.500.0002**
B-泡腾剂比例138.691138.6950.870.0002**
C-PVPK 30添加量63.84163.8423.420.0019**
AB116.531116.5342.740.0003**
AC8.0718.072.960.1291
BC0.122510.12250.04490.8382
A²551.311551.31202.20< 0.0001**
B²452.591452.59165.99< 0.0001**
C²317.251317.25116.35< 0.0001**
残差19.0972.73
失拟项2.6230.87480.21260.8830不显著
纯误差16.4644.12
总误差1949.7116
), ArticleFig(id=1320889930075722030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

茯茶泡腾颗粒的综合评价指标的回归模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著度
模型1930.639214.5178.68< 0.0001**
A-酸碱比例129.521129.5247.500.0002**
B-泡腾剂比例138.691138.6950.870.0002**
C-PVPK 30添加量63.84163.8423.420.0019**
AB116.531116.5342.740.0003**
AC8.0718.072.960.1291
BC0.122510.12250.04490.8382
A²551.311551.31202.20< 0.0001**
B²452.591452.59165.99< 0.0001**
C²317.251317.25116.35< 0.0001**
残差19.0972.73
失拟项2.6230.87480.21260.8830不显著
纯误差16.4644.12
总误差1949.7116
), ArticleFig(id=1320889930411266351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Quality evaluation of effervescent granules of Fuzhuan tea

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组别测定结果药典要求
粒度(%)5.1±0.04≤ 15
颗粒质量(g)1.0025±0.005不作要求
体积密度(g/cm³)0.304±0.004不作要求
振实密度(g/cm³)0.353±0.007不作要求
水分含量(%)4.2±0.002≤ 8.0
溶化时间(s)133±3.403≤ 300 s
休止角(°)32.37±0.594≤ 40
), ArticleFig(id=1320889930499346736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889910081474743, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

茯茶泡腾颗粒质量评价结果

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组别测定结果药典要求
粒度(%)5.1±0.04≤ 15
颗粒质量(g)1.0025±0.005不作要求
体积密度(g/cm³)0.304±0.004不作要求
振实密度(g/cm³)0.353±0.007不作要求
水分含量(%)4.2±0.002≤ 8.0
溶化时间(s)133±3.403≤ 300 s
休止角(°)32.37±0.594≤ 40
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茯茶组合物优化及其泡腾颗粒的制备
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李楠 1, 2 , 李莎莎 1, 2 , 李根 1 , 王若彤 1 , 龚频 1, 2 , 杨文娟 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(4): 282-291
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (4) : 282 -291
茯茶组合物优化及其泡腾颗粒的制备
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李楠1, 2 , 李莎莎1, 2, 李根1, 王若彤1, 龚频1, 2, 杨文娟1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021
  • 2西安市精准营养与功能产品创制重点实验室,陕西西安 710021
通讯作者:
杨文娟(1980−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物功能活性及其产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李楠(1979−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:中药质量控制及天然产物研究与开发,E-mail:

Optimization of Fuzhuan Tea Composition and Preparation of Effervescent Granules
Nan LI1, 2 , Shasha LI1, 2, Gen LI1, Ruotong WANG1, Pin GONG1, 2, Wenjuan YANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
  • 2Xi'an Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Functional Products, Xi'an 710021, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020041
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本研究旨在制备一款茯茶组合物及其泡腾颗粒。以茯茶为原料,以多糖含量为指标,通过单因素实验和响应面试验考察了乙醇质量分数、液料比、醇沉时间及提取液浓缩倍数等对茯茶多糖醇沉工艺的影响。通过体外活性及感官评价确定茯茶组合物(多糖、微粉、提取物)的最佳组成比例。以茯茶组合物为主要原料,通过单因素实验和响应面试验优选了酸碱颗粒的辅料配比。以泡腾颗粒的外观、制粒难易程度、成型率和溶化性作为评分指标对配方进行综合评价。结果显示,茯茶多糖最佳醇沉工艺为:茯茶提取液浓缩倍数为4,乙醇质量分数为100%,液料比为4(mL:g),醇沉时间为48 h,在此条件下多糖含量为2.78±0.12 mg/g,工艺可行。茯茶组合物(茯茶多糖5%、茯茶微粉20%、茯茶提取物75%)对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率分别为84.49%±3.45%、78.52%±0.47%、75.26%±1.10%;对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为89.98%±0.17%,对α-淀粉酶抑制率为42.24%±0.21%,胆酸盐结合率为75.09%±0.73%。茯茶泡腾颗粒最佳配方为:酸碱源(柠檬酸、碳酸氢钠)比例为1:2;泡腾剂占比为45%;粘合剂为5% PVPK 30乙醇溶液,制备的茯茶泡腾颗粒平均综合评分为94.7±0.26。茯茶泡腾颗粒均匀,休止角32.37°,含水量4.2%,溶化时间133 s,溶化时间短,感官评价良好,质量稳定。本研究为茯茶新型食用形式提供了新思路。

茯茶多糖  /  茯茶微粉  /  茯茶提取物  /  泡腾颗粒  /  α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制  /  α-淀粉酶抑制

The study was about the Fuzhuan tea composition and its corresponding effervescent granules. Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide content being the evaluation index, the effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, alcohol precipitation time, and extract concentration ratio on the ethanol precipitation process of Fuzhuan tea polysaccharides were investigated through single factor and response surface experiments. The optimal composition ratio of the Fuzhuan tea composition (polysaccharides, fine powder, and extract) was determined based on in vitro activity and sensory evaluation. Using the Fuzhuan tea composition as the main raw material, the excipient ratio for acid-base granules was optimized through single-factor and response surface experiments. The formulation was comprehensively evaluated based on integrated scoring indicators, including granule appearance, ease of granulation, molding rate, and dissolution properties. The results demonstrated that the optimal alcohol precipitation process for Fuzhuan tea polysaccharides was as follows: the extract was concentrated 4-fold, with an ethanol concentration of 100%, a liquid-to-material ratio of 4 (mL:g), and an alcohol precipitation duration of 48 h. In the conditions, the polysaccharide content was 2.78±0.12 mg/g, confirming the feasibility of the process. The Fuzhuan tea composition (5% polysaccharides, 20% fine powder, 75% extract) demonstrated potent bioactivity, with scavenging rates of 84.49%±3.45% (DPPH), 78.52%±0.47% (hydroxyl), and 75.26%±1.10% (superoxide anion). The α-glucosidase inhibition rate was 89.98%±0.17%, the α-amylase inhibition rate was 42.24%±0.21%, and the bile salt binding capacity was 75.09%±0.73%. The optimal formula for Fuzhuan tea effervescent granules was 1:2 for acid-alkali source (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid), 45% effervescent and 5% PVPK 30 ethanol solution for binder, the average comprehensive score of the prepared Fuzhuan tea effervescent granules was 94.7±0.26. The Fuzhuan tea effervescent granules exhibited uniform texture, an angle of repose of 32.37°, a moisture content of 4.2%, and a rapid dissolution time of 133 s, with favorable sensory evaluation and stable quality. This study provides novel insights for developing innovative edible forms of Fuzhuan tea.

Fuzhuan tea polysaccharide  /  Fuzhuan tea powder  /  Fuzhuan tea extract  /  effervescent granules  /  α-glucosidase inhibition  /  α-amylase inhibition
李楠, 李莎莎, 李根, 王若彤, 龚频, 杨文娟. 茯茶组合物优化及其泡腾颗粒的制备. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 282 -291 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020041
Nan LI, Shasha LI, Gen LI, Ruotong WANG, Pin GONG, Wenjuan YANG. Optimization of Fuzhuan Tea Composition and Preparation of Effervescent Granules[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 282 -291 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020041
茯茶属于我国六大茶类中黑茶类后发酵茶[1]。研究表明其成分主要包括茶多糖、茶多酚、氨基酸、生物碱等,长期饮用可降糖减脂,促进调节新陈代谢[2]。多糖是茯茶的主要活性成分,是由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖等组成的酸性杂多糖[3−4],茯茶多糖具有降血糖[5]、抗肿瘤、保肝护肝、抗氧化、调节肠道微生态等活性[6−7]。醇沉工艺在多糖提取中具有重要作用[8−9],敖珍等[10]对香菇多糖的浓缩及醇沉工艺进行研究,得出最佳醇沉工艺,多糖得率明显提高,且优化后的提取工艺具有较高的稳定性和重复性。廖彭莹等[11]以杨桃根为试材,优化醇沉工艺,最佳工艺条件下所得杨桃根多糖含量为27.94%,工艺稳定可靠。因此,考察茯茶多糖的醇沉工艺尤为必要。此外,茯茶大多以茶叶直接冲泡饮用,或是将茯茶提取物添加到速溶茶等产品中,但茶叶冲泡费时、饮用不便,且每次冲泡均会产生茶渣,而速溶茶类产品的活性成分含量较低,难以满足现代人的健康需求。因此,亟需研究一款兼具茶色茶香、功能活性、便携现代等特点的茯茶产品。
本研究以茯茶为原料,通过考察醇沉工艺制备茯茶多糖,再加入茯茶微粉和茯茶提取物,通过感官评价及体外活性测定,制备一种既保留茶叶本身色香味特征,又兼具调节糖脂代谢功能的茯茶组合物。泡腾颗粒是近年来发展较快的一种速释性剂型,具有便携、冲饮方便、吸收快、生物利用度高、口感好等特点[12]。因此,本研究将茯茶组合物制备泡腾颗粒产品形式,不仅能提高活性成分的利用率,而且饮用方便快捷,为茯茶产品创新提供新思路。
七子茯茶 咸阳泾渭茯茶有限公司;葡萄糖、乳糖、碳酸氢钠、聚乙二醇6000 纯度 ≥ 99%,天津市天力化学试剂有限公司;食品级柠檬酸 正宏生物科技有限公司;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH) Sigma公司;抗坏血酸、牛磺胆酸钠、甘氨胆酸钠、α-葡萄糖苷酶(50 U/mg)、4-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、阿卡波糖、α-淀粉酶(50 U/mg) 纯度 ≥ 99%,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;焦性没食子酸(邻苯三酚) 纯度 ≥ 99%,上海展云化工有限公司;3,5-二硝基水杨酸 纯度 ≥ 99%,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;食品级麦芽糊精 山东西王糖业有限公司;食品级阿斯巴甜 河南万邦化工科技有限公司。
UV-5100紫外可见分光光度计 上海元析仪器有限公司;BJ-500 A多功能粉碎机 德清拜杰电器有限公司;TG 16-WS高速离心机 湖南湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;THZ-82水浴恒温摇床 上海比郎仪器制造有限公司;Varioskan fiash全波长扫描式多功能酶标仪 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;KH 5200 DE数控超声波清洗器 昆山禾剑超声仪器有限公司;GZX-GF 101-2-BS-H电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海跃进医疗器械有限公司。
茯茶粉碎成粗粉,精密称取适量,按液料比30:1(mL:g)加入蒸馏水,超声30 min(功率160 W,温度50 ℃),100 ℃热水浸提90 min,过滤,滤渣重复提取一次,合并滤液,减压浓缩[13];醇沉,4 ℃静置24 h,4000 r/min离心15 min,弃去上清液,沉淀取适量蒸馏水复溶,将多糖溶液与Sevage试剂(氯仿:正丁醇=4:1)以5:1体积混合,剧烈振荡30 min,5000 r/min离心10 min,弃去上清液,重复脱蛋白三次,以蒸馏水在25 ℃下用透析膜(截留相对分子质量350 kDa)透析48 h,浓缩,−50 ℃冷冻干燥,得到茯茶多糖,4 ℃保存,备用。
茯茶多糖含量采用苯酚硫酸法测定[14]。配制0.1 mg/mL葡萄糖标准溶液,分别吸取葡萄糖标准溶液0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL,加入蒸馏水定容至1 mL,加入0.5 mL 5%苯酚溶液与2.5 mL浓硫酸,混匀,沸水浴30 min,冷却,以空白溶液为参比,490 nm波长处测定其吸光度。以吸光值为纵坐标,浓度为横坐标,绘制葡萄糖标准曲线,回归方程为:Y=0.009065X+0.06939,R2=0.9985。称取茯茶多糖适量,加入蒸馏水复溶,定容至1 mL,得多糖溶液,参照葡萄糖标准曲线绘制方法,精密量取50 μL多糖溶液,加入蒸馏水定容至1 mL,从“加入0.5 mL 5%苯酚溶液与2.5 mL浓硫酸”操作,490 nm波长处测定样品溶液吸光度,代入葡萄糖标准曲线计算,即得样品多糖含量。
以多糖含量为指标,分别以乙醇质量分数(80%、85%、90%、95%、100%)、液料比(1、2、3、4、5、6(mL:g))、醇沉时间(6、12、24、28、36、48 h)、茯茶提取液浓缩倍数(1、2、3、4、5、6倍)进行单因素实验,在研究某一因素时,其他因素固定为乙醇质量分数95%、液料比4(mL:g)、醇沉时间12 h、提取液浓缩倍数4。
基于单因素实验结果,选取乙醇质量分数(A),液料比(B),提取液浓缩倍数(C),醇沉时间(D)为自变量,茯茶多糖含量(Y)为响应值,根据Box-Behnken,采用中心组合设计试验见表1。
取茯茶适量,按液料比30(mL:g)加入蒸馏水,超声30 min(功率160 W,温度50 ℃),100 ℃热水浸提90 min,过滤,滤渣重复提取一次,合并滤液,浓缩至50 mL,冷冻干燥,4 ℃备用。
根据文献[15],将茯茶进行粉碎,过200目筛,备用。
茯茶微粉在保证茶叶色香味的前提下减少了茶渣的产生;茯茶提取物可以使茶汤固体化;茯茶多糖能够强化茯茶调节糖脂代谢的作用,基于以上考虑,茯茶组合物由茯茶微粉、茯茶提取物和茯茶多糖组合制备而成,组合物比例设置依据前期预实验确定,具体见表2。
参考GB/T 32179.5-2018《黑茶 第5部分:茯茶》[16]的审评方法的规定和要求,结合茯茶组合物特点,挑选20名品评人员(35~45岁,男女各10名),经过培训选拔的专业感官评价员组成的评价小组,且均具备1年以上茶叶加工与评估经验。对不同茯茶组合物的汤色、滋味、气味进行感官审评,具体感官评价标准见表3。感官评价结果的计算:在评分结果中去除一个最高分和一个最低分,其余的分数相加总和除以人数所得的分数。感官审评得分=汤色(30分)+滋味(40分)+气味(30分)。
用蒸馏水将组合物分别配制成0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 mg/mL溶液。参考孙玉姣等[17]的方法对羟基自由基的清除能力进行测定,参考文献[11]的方法对DPPH自由基清除率和超氧阴离子自由基清除率进行测定,每组试验平行三次,取平均值,精密量取2 mL不同浓度组合物溶液,分别加入2 mL 6 mmol/L FeSO4溶液和2 mL 6 mmol/L水杨酸-乙醇溶液,加入1 mL 8 mmol/L H2O2,混匀,37 ℃反应30 min,冷却,510 nm处测定吸光值,以蒸馏水为空白对照,抗坏血酸为阳性对照,按下列公式(1)计算羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率:
$ \mathrm{K}(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{样本}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白}}}\right)\text{×100} $
式中:K表示清除率;A样品表示样品溶液吸光度;A对照表示对照溶液吸光度;A空白表示空白溶液吸光度。
参考文献[18]的方法并稍作修改。称取茯茶组合物和阿卡波糖适量,用蒸馏水分别配制成0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 mg/mL的样品溶液。依次加入400 μL 0.1 mol/L pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液,取上述各浓度的样品溶液100 μL,分别加入100 μL 0.8 U/mL α-葡萄糖苷酶,混匀,37 ℃水浴10 min,加入100 μL 10 mmol/L PNPG溶液,37 ℃反应30 min,405 nm处测定吸光度,按照如下公式(2)计算α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率:
$ \mathrm{酶抑制率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right)\text{×100} $
式中:A0表示蒸馏水取代样品测得吸光度;A1表示加入α-葡萄糖苷酶测得吸光度;A2表示磷酸盐缓冲液取代α-葡萄糖苷酶测得吸光度。
参考彭东等[19]的方法并稍作修改。用蒸馏水将样品配制成浓度为1 mg/mL,精密量取1 mL 1 mg/mL样品溶液、阿卡波糖溶液和1 mL 15 U/mL α-淀粉酶溶液,混匀,37 ℃反应30 min,加入2 mL 1%淀粉溶液,37 ℃加热10 min,加入2 mL DNS试剂,沸水浴5 min,冷却,540 nm测定吸光度。α-淀粉酶抑制率计算公式同式(2)。
式中:空白参比(A0):蒸馏水取代提取液测得吸光度;对照(A1):不含α-淀粉酶测得吸光度;样品组(A2):加入α-淀粉酶测得吸光度。
分别配制10 mL 0.3 mmol/L牛磺胆酸钠和10 mL 0.3 mmol/L甘氨胆酸钠,混匀,得混合母液。分别精密量取0、0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mL混合母液,分别加入pH7.6 PBS至2.5 mL,加入7.5 mL 60%硫酸溶液,70 ℃水浴20 min,冷却,387 nm处测定吸光度。以胆酸盐浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,得标准曲线方程Y=17.311X+0.1691,R2=0.9951,胆酸盐标准品溶液在0~0.075 mmol/mL呈线性关系。以辛他伐汀为阳性对照,测定茯茶组合物体外胆酸盐结合能力,用蒸馏水将各组合物溶解为10 mg/mL,精密量取1 mL各组合物溶液,分别加入1 mL 0.01 mol/L盐酸溶液,37 ℃振荡消化2 h,调节pH至7.6,加入4 mL胆酸盐溶液,37 ℃振荡2 h,4000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液,测定吸光度,代入标准曲线计算,即得样品溶液中胆酸盐浓度,按式(3)计算胆酸盐结合率:
$ \text{胆酸盐结合率}(\text{%}) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{0}}\right)\text{×100} $
式中:C1表示样品溶液的胆酸盐浓度,mol/L;C0表示空白溶液的胆酸盐浓度,mol/L。
称取聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,加入4 g碳酸氢钠,冷却,粉碎,备用。取茯茶组合物分成两份,一份加入聚乙二醇6000包裹过的碳酸氢钠,混匀,加入适量含有甘露醇的5% PVPK 30-无水乙醇溶液制软材,制粒,干燥,即得碱颗粒;另一份加入柠檬酸,阿斯巴甜,加入适量含有甘露醇的5% PVPK 30-无水乙醇溶液制软材,制粒,干燥,即得酸颗粒;将酸碱颗粒混合均匀,整粒,包装,即得茯茶泡腾颗粒。
以茯茶泡腾颗粒的口感、成型率、泡腾时间、制粒难易程度、澄清度以及外观等因素为指标,分别以PVPK 30添加量(1%、3%、5%、7%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的无水乙醇溶液)、酸碱源比例(0.8:1、0.9:1、1:1、1.1:1、1.2:1、1.3:1)、泡腾剂占比(35%、40%、45%、50%、55%)进行单因素实验,在研究某一因素时,其他因素固定为酸碱源比例为1:1(柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠各4 g)、粘合剂为含5%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的无水乙醇溶液、泡腾剂占比45%。
在单因素实验的基础上,以泡腾剂的酸碱源比例、泡腾剂占比以及PVPK 30添加量(3%、5%、7%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的无水乙醇溶液)为自变量,分别对各自变量的低、中、高水平进行编码(−1、0、1),进行3因素3水平试验设计(表4)。以泡腾时间和颗粒成型率的综合评分为指标,确定茯茶泡腾颗粒剂的最优配方[20]。
参考GB/T 23776-2009《茶叶感官审评方法》[21]以及茯茶泡腾颗粒感官特点,制定了茯茶泡腾颗粒的感官评价方法,由20名品评人员组成感官评价小组,对茯茶泡腾颗粒的外观、风味、口感进行感官审评,具体感官评分标准见表5。称取1.0 g泡腾颗粒,加入50 mL蒸馏水溶解,待停止产气后摇晃均匀,按照上述操作对茯茶泡腾颗粒进行审评。感官评价结果的计算:在评分结果中去除一个最高分和一个最低分,其余的分数相加的总和除以其人数所得的分数。感官审评得分=外观(40分)+风味(30分)+口感(30分)。
对茯茶泡腾颗粒外观、颗粒均匀性等进行观察;水分、粒度和溶化性参照2020版中国药典四部附录0832第二法规定测定;流动性参考Shah等[22]的方法测定;体积密度和振实密度参考蔡铮等[23]的方法稍作修改进行测定。
采用Microsoft Excel 2019对数据进行处理,所有数据均表示为3次重复实验的结果,以平均值±标准差表示。使用Design Expert 13软件进行响应面试验设计和数据分析,选择P<0.05的显著性水平验证。使用Origin 2024作图。
如图1所示,乙醇质量分数增大,茯茶多糖含量增加,其原因是较高浓度乙醇降低了多糖溶解度,使多糖沉淀析出而分离[24]。但过高的乙醇质量分数对茯茶多糖含量提升不明显,且增加成本。综合考虑,选择乙醇质量分数95%为响应面试验的中心点。
由图2可知,当液料比为1~5(mL:g)时,液料比增加,茯茶多糖含量增大,当液料比为5~6(mL:g)时,茯茶多糖含量增加平缓,这可能是由于液料比增大,可降低茯茶粉周围多糖的浓度,增大细胞内、外的渗透压差,有利于茯茶多糖的进一步溶出[25];但液料比持续增加,对多糖溶出无明显促进作用[26],表明液料比过高对茯茶多糖提取效率无明显提升,反而造成溶剂浪费。综合考虑选择液料比4(mL:g)作为响应面试验的中心点。
由图3可知,醇沉时间延长,茯茶多糖含量增加。醇沉时间24~36 h时,多糖含量急剧增大;醇沉时间为36~48 h时,茯茶多糖含量增加较为平缓,醇沉时间为48 h时多糖含量最高,这是因为醇沉时间增加,大分子沉降颗粒之间互相作用、互相交联,形成更大颗粒,沉降速度加快[8]。因此,最终选择24~48 h作为后续响应面试验考察水平。
根据图4可得,提取液浓缩倍数增加,茯茶多糖含量增大,当浓缩倍数为6时,茯茶多糖含量最高,为1.1±0.03 mg/g,这是因为茯茶提取液浓缩时,水分减少,多糖浓度增加,当添加乙醇后,高浓度的多糖表现为溶解度降低,多糖析出,沉淀中多糖含量增加。但从资源和时间节约角度考虑,选择浓缩倍数为4作为响应面试验的中心点。
在单因素实验基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理,以乙醇质量分数(A),液料比(B),提取液浓缩倍数(C),醇沉时间(D)为基础的4因素3水平,共27组响应面分析试验,试验方案设计及结果见表6。
对表6数据进行多元回归拟合,得到线性回归方程模型为:Y=2.46+0.1921A+0.1498B−0.5752C+0.1033D−0.2107AB−0.0895AC+0.0951AD+0.006BC+0.107CD−0.2069A2−7.94B2−32.17C2− 0.2725D2。
由表7可知,模型的P值<0.0001,失拟项P值为0.3391,说明失拟项不显著,该模型能够较好拟合实验数据,该回归模型的决定系数R2=0.9555,调整决定系数R2Adj=0.9036,表明模型拟合程度较好,具有实际意义[27]。由P值可知,一次项A、C,平方项C2对多糖含量影响极显著;一次项B,平方项A2,交互项AB、BD对多糖含量影响显著。
根据实验可操作性,将响应面优化工艺参数作调整并进行工艺验证,茯茶多糖提取最佳工艺条件为:提取液浓缩倍数为4,乙醇质量分数100%,液料比为4(mL:g),醇沉时间为48 h,测得茯茶多糖含量为2.78±0.12 mg/g,与预测值相对误差为0.725%,工艺可行[28]。
茯茶组合物感官评价结果见表8,由表8可知,组合物5汤色评分最高,组合物2滋味评分最高,组合物1气味评分最高,由总分综合分析可知,茯茶组合物5的感官评价最佳。
由图5~图7可知,茯茶组合物对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均具有不同程度的清除能力,且清除能力随着样品浓度升高而增加,在0.2~1 mg/mL浓度范围内,组合物5体外抗氧化活性最佳,其中,组合物5对羟基自由基的清除率最大可达78.52%±0.47%;对DPPH自由基清除能力最大为84.49%±3.45%;对超氧阴离子自由基清除能力最大可达75.26%±1.10%。在同一浓度下,组合物中多糖比例越高,其对自由基清除能力越强,表明茯茶多糖与茯茶的抗氧化活性有关。
由图8可知,组合物1~5在低浓度下(0.2~0.8 mg/mL)具有明显的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加,其抑制能力也较为快速地增强,其中,组合物5对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制能力优于其他组合物,在浓度为1 mg/mL时,组合物5最大抑制率达89.98%±0.17%,与阿卡波糖的抑制能力99.3%±2.44%较为相近。组合物1~5均具有较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用,可能通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶对葡萄糖的水解,延缓和减少人体肠道对葡萄糖的吸收,从而降低机体血糖水平[29]。结果表明,在一定条件下,组合物5对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较高的抑制作用。
淀粉、糖原等经淀粉酶水解为葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精,α-淀粉酶抑制剂能减缓碳水化合物代谢,从而降低餐后血糖值[30]。5种茯茶组合物对α-淀粉酶抑制率影响见图9,阳性对照阿卡波糖具有较强的α-淀粉酶活性抑制作用,在相同浓度条件下,组合物1~5对α-淀粉酶均有抑制能力,抑制率介于35%~42%之间,其中,组合物5对α-淀粉酶的抑制率最强,最大抑制率达42.24%±0.21%,其抑制能力相当于阿卡波糖的64.83%(P<0.0001),这可能是因为组合物5中茯茶多糖含量最高,对α-淀粉酶抑制率也越大,这与张娜等[31]的研究结果一致,研究结果显示,随着多糖的质量浓度上升,ORP、ORP-A1、阿卡波糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果增强。
胆酸盐是人体和动物胆汁中由胆固醇衍生而来的具有甾核结构的一类两性大分子,对脂肪和胆固醇的消化吸收和脂溶性维生素的代谢起重要作用[32]。由图10可知,辛他伐汀与胆酸盐的结合率为92.8%±0.52%,不同茯茶组合物对胆酸盐的结合率由小到大的顺序为:组合物1(48.83%±2.16%)<组合物2(55.06%±1.23%)<组合物3(65.14%±0.16%)<组合物4(70.57%±0.97%)<组合物5(75.09%±0.73%)。结果表明,茯茶组合物中茯茶多糖占比越多,对胆酸盐的结合率越大(P<0.0001),这与刘温凯等[33]的研究结果大致相似,研究结果得出SFP-1、SFP-2和SFP-4随着浓度的增加其结合能力显著增强。综上,茯茶组合物1~5均具有一定的胆酸盐结合能力,其中组合物5的胆酸盐结合率最高。
根据单因素实验确定响应面试验水平,进行响应面优化设计试验,试验结果见表9。
运用Design-Expert 13软件对所得数据进行分析,得到茯茶泡腾颗粒的综合评价指标,对酸源柠檬酸与碱源碳酸氢钠的比例(A)、泡腾剂占总量的比例(B)、PVPK 30添加量(C)的回归模型如下:Y=93.44+4.02A+4.16B−2.82C+5.40AB−1.42AC−0.1750BC−11.44A2−10.37B2−8.68C2。
由表10可知,模型P值<0.0001,失拟项P值为0.8830,说明失拟项不显著,该模型能够较好地拟合实验数据。该回归模型的决定系数R2=0.9902,调整决定系数R2Adj=0.9776,表明模型拟合程度较好,具有实际意义[34]。由P值可知,一次项A、B、C,平方项A2、B2、C2,交互项AB对茯茶泡腾颗粒的综合评分影响极显著(P<0.01)。
根据实验可操作性,将响应面优化结果作调整,并进行工艺验证,茯茶泡腾颗粒最佳配方为:酸碱源比例为1:2;泡腾剂占比为45%;PVPK 30添加量为5% PVPK 30-无水乙醇溶液,验证试验综合评分为94.7±0.26,与预测值相对误差为0.965%,工艺可行。
茯茶泡腾颗粒的实物图见图11,由图11可知,茯茶泡腾颗粒外观干燥,颗粒均匀,酸粒偏灰黄色,碱粒偏棕黄色,泡腾颗粒溶解后呈现明显茶香味,口感细腻,其感官评分90分,保留了茯茶的香味和色泽。茯茶泡腾颗粒的粒度、颗粒质量、体积密度、振实密度、水分含量、溶化时间及休止角的测定结果如表11所示,质量评价结果显示,茯茶泡腾颗粒流动性好,粒度均匀,含水量低,溶化时间短,在水中能快速溶化,符合药典泡腾颗粒项下的相关标准。
本研究以茯茶为原料,以茯茶多糖含量为指标,通过单因素实验和响应面试验,确定茯茶多糖的最佳醇沉工艺,即茯茶提取液浓缩4倍,乙醇质量分数100%,液料比为4(mL:g),醇沉时间48 h,在此条件下,茯茶多糖含量2.78±0.12 mg/g,工艺稳定。茯茶经水提取后形成提取物,是茯茶组合物的主要组成部分,既符合茯茶水熬煮的饮用习惯,又能减少清除茶渣的不便,简单便捷;将茯茶粉碎筛分200目得到茯茶微粉,保持了茶叶原始香气色泽,又由于细胞破碎有利于茯茶多种成分的溶出;茯茶多糖是茯茶重要的活性成分,能充分发挥茯茶组合物的生物活性。体外活性研究结果表明,由茯茶多糖、微粉和提取物组成的茯茶组合物对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有不同程度的清除能力,清除率随茯茶组合物浓度升高而增大;基于α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶抑制率,以及胆酸盐结合率测定结果,提示茯茶组合物具有一定程度的降糖、降脂活性,但尚需动物体内实验进一步研究其有效剂量。此外,茯茶组合物5的体外活性最强,其原因是该组合物中茯茶多糖多,对抗氧化、降糖、降脂活性具有积极作用。通过茯茶组合物和茯茶泡腾颗粒的感官评价可知,该食用形式既满足了传统的茯茶“水煮”和“喝”的饮用习惯,避免了清理茶渣的繁琐操作,又能够保留茶汤原有的香味和色泽,且具有一定的降糖、降脂功效。本研究综合了茯茶不同饮用需求,结合了泡腾颗粒便于携带、活性物质释放迅速的优点,为开发茯茶产品形式、丰富茯茶产品种类及提高茯茶产品附加值提供理论依据及拓展新思路。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020041
  • 接收时间:2025-02-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08
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    1陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021
    2西安市精准营养与功能产品创制重点实验室,陕西西安 710021

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杨文娟(1980−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物功能活性及其产品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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