Article(id=1320889962669654839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738944000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854308049, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854308049, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854308049, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854308049, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=324, endPage=336, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889962942284600, articleId=1320889962669654839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Changes in Volatile Flavor Compounds of Tender Kelp during the Processing of Freeze-dried Soup Cubes, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of key processing techniques—namely boiling, drying, and vacuum freeze-drying—on the volatile flavor compounds of tender kelp during the processing of freeze-dried soup cubes, this study analyzed changes in volatile flavor compounds of tender kelp under various boiling times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min) and drying temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 ℃). Furthermore, the study identified key volatile flavor compounds by calculating odor activity values (OAV). The results indicated that the boiling process significantly (P<0.05) reduced both the variety and the relative content of volatile flavor compounds in tender kelp. However, boiling time had no significant effect on the relative contents of aldehydes, acids, esters, and furans. In contrast, the relative content of ketones and 1-octen-3-ol significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing boiling time. The variation in the number of key flavor compounds in tender kelp across different boiling times was relatively minor. The OAV value of 1-octen-3-one was the highest among all samples, significantly exceeding that of other compounds, thereby indicating its critical role as the most important volatile flavor compound in boiled tender kelp. Its OAV value was lowest at a boiling time of 3 min. As the drying temperature increased, the number of types of volatile flavor compounds initially rose and then declined, with the 70 ℃ group exhibiting the most diverse range of flavor compounds. However, the content of each compound didn't follow a consistent pattern with variations in drying temperature. The OAV values of β-ionone and 2-undecanone were highest in the 60 ℃ group, while the OAV values of aldehydes and fishy compounds were relatively low, suggesting that 60 ℃ was the optimal drying temperature for tender kelp powder seasoning. The vacuum freeze-drying process didn't significantly (P>0.05) affect the variety, relative content, and composition of key flavor compounds in tender kelp, indicating this method didn't substantially alter the overall flavor. However, the OAV values of various compounds generally decreased, primarily leading to a reduction in flavor intensity. In conclusion, selecting a boiling time of 3 minutes and a drying temperature of 60 ℃ contributed to enhancing the flavor of freeze-dried soup cube products.

, authors=Lin'ao FAN1, 2, Tingru CHEN3, Jicheng CHEN1, 2, Ying LI1, 2, Yifeng YE1, 2, Yin WANG3, *, Zhiyu LIU3, *, authorsList=Lin'ao FAN, Tingru CHEN, Jicheng CHEN, Ying LI, Yifeng YE, Yin WANG, Zhiyu LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yin WANG, Zhiyu LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889965307872066, articleId=1320889962669654839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=嫩芽海带在冻干汤块加工过程中挥发性风味物质变化, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究冻干汤块加工过程中煮制、烘干和真空冷冻干燥等关键加工工艺对嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质的影响,本研究分析了不同煮制时间(0、1、2、3、4和5 min)、不同烘干温度(60、70、80、90和100 ℃)和冻干前后嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质的变化,并利用气味活度值(odor activity value,OAV)鉴定关键挥发性风味物质。结果表明:煮制工艺显著降低嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质的种类和相对含量(P<0.05),而煮制时间对醛类、酸类、酯类和呋喃类物质的相对含量和所有挥发性风味物质的总相对含量无显著性影响,酮类和1-辛烯-3-醇的相对含量则随着煮制时间的增加显著减少(P<0.05)。不同煮制时间嫩芽海带的关键风味物质数量差距较小。1-辛烯-3-酮的OAV值在各组样品中均为最高,且远高于其他化合物的OAV值,是煮制嫩芽海带最关键的挥发性风味物质,当煮制时间为3 min时其OAV值最小。随着烘干温度的上升,挥发性风味物质种类的数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,70 ℃组的风味物质种类最多,各类物质的含量随着烘干温度的改变并无规律性变化。60 ℃组的β-紫罗兰酮和2-十一酮OAV值最高,且醛类物质和腥味物质的OAV值较低,因此60 ℃为嫩芽海带粉调味粉的最适宜烘干温度。真空冷冻干燥工艺对嫩芽海带中挥发性风味物质的种类、相对含量和关键风味物质组成均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),表明该工艺并未显著改变嫩芽海带的整体风味,但是各物质的OAV值普遍下降,主要起到减淡风味的作用。综上所述,选择煮制时间3 min和烘干温度60 ℃有助于改善冻干汤块产品的风味。

, authors=范霖澳1, 2, 陈婷茹3, 陈继承1, 2, 李颖1, 2, 叶毅峰1, 2, 王茵3, *, 刘智禹3, *, authorsList=范霖澳, 陈婷茹, 陈继承, 李颖, 叶毅峰, 王茵, 刘智禹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王茵, 刘智禹, authorNote=

范霖澳(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品风味,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王茵(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
刘智禹(1971−),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
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Food Research International, 2019, 123217−123225., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889965551141699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889965563724612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, companyId=1320889965551141699, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889965576307525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, companyId=1320889965551141699, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889965676970822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889965685359431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, companyId=1320889965676970822, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889965693748040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, companyId=1320889965676970822, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州 350002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889965802799945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889965811188554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, companyId=1320889965802799945, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry Technology, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889965823771467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, companyId=1320889965802799945, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,海洋生物种业技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,福建厦门 361013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889970601083773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Process flow chart of tender kelp soup blocks, figureFileSmall=zZ3oq+XDSq3cvH+R0LcqTA==, figureFileBig=ue2+Wy/qVlo2Y3nt2vdVMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889970689164158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=图1, caption=冻干嫩芽海带汤块工艺流程图, figureFileSmall=zZ3oq+XDSq3cvH+R0LcqTA==, figureFileBig=ue2+Wy/qVlo2Y3nt2vdVMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889970911462271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Composition of volatile flavor substances in tender kelp with different cooking times, figureFileSmall=FfPLYLcAad7n1PhHH9yDGA==, figureFileBig=H0VR+F5yVuQWZoF+spLp9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889970995348352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同煮制时间嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质组成

注:a为种类桑基图;b为韦恩图。

, figureFileSmall=FfPLYLcAad7n1PhHH9yDGA==, figureFileBig=H0VR+F5yVuQWZoF+spLp9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889971070845825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Composition of volatile flavor compounds in tender kelp at different drying temperature, figureFileSmall=IkW6DoEEcJ48mDEql6teow==, figureFileBig=BqxyPJZLPf2TrK2Z2Udurg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889971184092034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同烘干温度嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质组成

注:a为种类桑基图;b为韦恩图。

, figureFileSmall=IkW6DoEEcJ48mDEql6teow==, figureFileBig=BqxyPJZLPf2TrK2Z2Udurg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889971297338243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Composition of volatile flavor compounds in tender kelp before and after freeze-drying, figureFileSmall=aiwJRuXMWulHnX0/yBZQDQ==, figureFileBig=nKVZjNCsJ+hhCnuBhpRGlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889971406390148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=图4, caption=冻干前后嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质组成

注:a为种类桑基图;b为韦恩图。

, figureFileSmall=aiwJRuXMWulHnX0/yBZQDQ==, figureFileBig=nKVZjNCsJ+hhCnuBhpRGlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889971486081925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Content of volatile flavouring substances in samples with different cooking times

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物分子式CAS号相对含量(μg/kg)
0 min1 min2 min3 min4 min5 min
醛类846.58±87.53a262.01±33.13b234.55±43.48b213.81±56.7b222.48±35.58b185.75±13.93b
1正己醛C6H12O66-25-156.23±2.63a20.60±1.79b20.60±1.06b21.79±9.85b20.86±0.70b20.14±3.18b
2庚醛C7H14O111-71-76.89±0.99a1.97±0.44b3.09±1.39b2.84±1.14b1.98±0.19b1.61±0.54b
32-已烯醛C6H10O6728-26-315.61±1.58−−−−−
4辛醛C8H16O124-13-015.35±3.85a8.32±1.01ab13.12±1.40a11.25±0.59a10.02±1.23a7.38±0.90b
5反式-2-庚烯醛C7H12O18829-55-518.50±0.70−−−−−
6壬醛C9H18O124-19-6162.22±18.75a45.35±10.69b66.89±6.06b50.53±12.01b66.31±7.66b56.16±3.20b
7反-2-辛烯醛C8H14O2548-87-0134.01±9.53a49.48±1.97b22.60±6.42c24.53±5.71c27.59±5.36c27.58±0.50c
8(E)-4壬烯醛C9H16O2277-16-93.09±0.10−−−−−
9(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛C7H10O4313-03-535.09±1.39a23.80±4.53b13.65±0.97c8.07±1.14c6.77±2.54c6.28±0.89c
10癸醛C10H20O112-31-253.63±3.86a18.79±2.75b19.80±8.24b21.56±6.69b18.82±2.25b14.37±1.08c
11反式-2-壬醛C9H16O18829-56-6142.37±10.98−−−−−
122-壬烯醛C9H16O2463-53-8−41.01±2.00a26.07±8.04b13.78±5.70c21.18±4.25bc17.23±0.38bc
13反-4-癸醛C10H18O65405-70-14.48±1.33a3.00±1.10a2.25±0.19a2.20±0.55a4.06±0.98a1.99±0.11a
14(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛C9H14O557-48-259.96±8.73a29.88±4.56b13.41±2.09c17.64±1.41c12.64±3.01cd8.14±0.59d
15十一醛C11H22O112-44-78.88±1.38−−−−−
16β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-722.89±8.26a24.13±1.44a10.51±2.62b8.65±1.45b12.75±3.08b8.26±0.88b
172-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-316.29±0.27a13.00±1.13a8.59±1.85ab16.42±1.58a7.75±2.16b6.22±0.59b
18(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛C9H14O5910-87-2−2.98±0.32a2.62±1.04a6.64±5.24a1.39±0.31a1.64±0.05a
192,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O15764-16-63.20±0.98a1.49±0.30b1.22±0.42b0.77±0.25b0.89±0.06b0.66±0.69b
202-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-63.56±0.49a1.51±0.10a1.20±0.04a1.73±1.86a1.35±0.42a1.04±0.09a
21枯茗醛C9H8O122-3-212.63±3.81−−−−−
22(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-83-424.59±1.85a14.78±0.87b6.96±1.48c4.37±1.31c6.46±1.06c5.00±0.54c
23(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-84-533.64±5.42−−−−−
242-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛C12H20O21662-13-512.19±0.51a2.93±0.36b1.97±0.17b1.04±0.22b1.66±0.32b2.05±0.26b
25肉桂醛C9H8O104-5-5-21.28±0.14−−−−−
酮类256.34±18.27a74.43±8.68b53.46±6.77bc40.23±7.05c37.07±6.66c36.44±6.42c
11-辛烯-3-酮C8H14O4312-99-636.20±5.97a9.78±1.09b10.60±1.19b6.58±2.78b11.16±1.15b9.10±3.57b
22,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-99.50±0.78a1.69±0.09b3.78±2.27b1.95±1.14b−2.70±0.35b
36-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O110-93-013.06±1.55a3.17±0.41b6.01±1.04b3.38±0.62b5.17±0.88b−
42-十一酮C8H14O112-12-94.96±0.58−−−−−
5香叶基丙酮C11H22O3796-70-1112.44±2.24a16.62±2.66b14.04±1.07b8.80±1.01c12.05±2.80b12.75±1.02b
6β-紫罗兰酮C13H22O14901-07-679.40±7.11a42.06±3.54b18.75±1.17c19.03±1.47c8.11±1.24d11.42±1.43cd
7二苯甲酮C13H20O119-61-90.78±0.04−−−−−
8植酮C13H10O502-69-2−1.11±0.89a0.28±0.03a0.49±0.03a0.58±0.59a0.47±0.05a
酸类1.75±0.39a1.49±0.07a−−−−
1壬酸C9H18O2112-5-01.75±0.39a1.49±0.07a−−−−
酯类−1.53±0.23a0.80±0.61a1.00±0.96a0.35±0.10a1.52±0.41a
1乙酸苏合香酯C10H12O293-92-5−−−−−1.05±0.35
2二氢猕猴桃内酯C11H16O217092-92-1−1.53±0.23a0.80±0.61a1.00±0.96a0.35±0.10a0.47±0.06a
醇类37.51±0.82a19.61±1.78b19.30±3.42b11.25±1.74c9.30±2.86c12.06±5.90c
11-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-435.59±0.59a17.22±1.59b17.29±2.89b8.98±1.54c9.30±2.86c9.02±4.17c
2芳樟醇C10H18O78-70-61.92±0.23a2.39±0.19a2.01±0.53a2.27±0.20a−3.04±1.73a
呋喃35.63±5.74a5.60±1.11b3.93±1.29b4.95±1.15b6.05±0.84b2.07±0.68b
12-戊基呋喃C9H14O3777-69-335.63±5.74a5.60±1.11b3.93±1.29b4.95±1.15b6.05±0.84b2.07±0.68b
总相对含量1177.81±112.75a364.67±45.00b312.04±55.57b271.24±67.60b275.25±46.04b237.84±27.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889971582550918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同煮制时间样品挥发性风味物质的含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物分子式CAS号相对含量(μg/kg)
0 min1 min2 min3 min4 min5 min
醛类846.58±87.53a262.01±33.13b234.55±43.48b213.81±56.7b222.48±35.58b185.75±13.93b
1正己醛C6H12O66-25-156.23±2.63a20.60±1.79b20.60±1.06b21.79±9.85b20.86±0.70b20.14±3.18b
2庚醛C7H14O111-71-76.89±0.99a1.97±0.44b3.09±1.39b2.84±1.14b1.98±0.19b1.61±0.54b
32-已烯醛C6H10O6728-26-315.61±1.58−−−−−
4辛醛C8H16O124-13-015.35±3.85a8.32±1.01ab13.12±1.40a11.25±0.59a10.02±1.23a7.38±0.90b
5反式-2-庚烯醛C7H12O18829-55-518.50±0.70−−−−−
6壬醛C9H18O124-19-6162.22±18.75a45.35±10.69b66.89±6.06b50.53±12.01b66.31±7.66b56.16±3.20b
7反-2-辛烯醛C8H14O2548-87-0134.01±9.53a49.48±1.97b22.60±6.42c24.53±5.71c27.59±5.36c27.58±0.50c
8(E)-4壬烯醛C9H16O2277-16-93.09±0.10−−−−−
9(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛C7H10O4313-03-535.09±1.39a23.80±4.53b13.65±0.97c8.07±1.14c6.77±2.54c6.28±0.89c
10癸醛C10H20O112-31-253.63±3.86a18.79±2.75b19.80±8.24b21.56±6.69b18.82±2.25b14.37±1.08c
11反式-2-壬醛C9H16O18829-56-6142.37±10.98−−−−−
122-壬烯醛C9H16O2463-53-8−41.01±2.00a26.07±8.04b13.78±5.70c21.18±4.25bc17.23±0.38bc
13反-4-癸醛C10H18O65405-70-14.48±1.33a3.00±1.10a2.25±0.19a2.20±0.55a4.06±0.98a1.99±0.11a
14(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛C9H14O557-48-259.96±8.73a29.88±4.56b13.41±2.09c17.64±1.41c12.64±3.01cd8.14±0.59d
15十一醛C11H22O112-44-78.88±1.38−−−−−
16β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-722.89±8.26a24.13±1.44a10.51±2.62b8.65±1.45b12.75±3.08b8.26±0.88b
172-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-316.29±0.27a13.00±1.13a8.59±1.85ab16.42±1.58a7.75±2.16b6.22±0.59b
18(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛C9H14O5910-87-2−2.98±0.32a2.62±1.04a6.64±5.24a1.39±0.31a1.64±0.05a
192,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O15764-16-63.20±0.98a1.49±0.30b1.22±0.42b0.77±0.25b0.89±0.06b0.66±0.69b
202-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-63.56±0.49a1.51±0.10a1.20±0.04a1.73±1.86a1.35±0.42a1.04±0.09a
21枯茗醛C9H8O122-3-212.63±3.81−−−−−
22(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-83-424.59±1.85a14.78±0.87b6.96±1.48c4.37±1.31c6.46±1.06c5.00±0.54c
23(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-84-533.64±5.42−−−−−
242-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛C12H20O21662-13-512.19±0.51a2.93±0.36b1.97±0.17b1.04±0.22b1.66±0.32b2.05±0.26b
25肉桂醛C9H8O104-5-5-21.28±0.14−−−−−
酮类256.34±18.27a74.43±8.68b53.46±6.77bc40.23±7.05c37.07±6.66c36.44±6.42c
11-辛烯-3-酮C8H14O4312-99-636.20±5.97a9.78±1.09b10.60±1.19b6.58±2.78b11.16±1.15b9.10±3.57b
22,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-99.50±0.78a1.69±0.09b3.78±2.27b1.95±1.14b−2.70±0.35b
36-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O110-93-013.06±1.55a3.17±0.41b6.01±1.04b3.38±0.62b5.17±0.88b−
42-十一酮C8H14O112-12-94.96±0.58−−−−−
5香叶基丙酮C11H22O3796-70-1112.44±2.24a16.62±2.66b14.04±1.07b8.80±1.01c12.05±2.80b12.75±1.02b
6β-紫罗兰酮C13H22O14901-07-679.40±7.11a42.06±3.54b18.75±1.17c19.03±1.47c8.11±1.24d11.42±1.43cd
7二苯甲酮C13H20O119-61-90.78±0.04−−−−−
8植酮C13H10O502-69-2−1.11±0.89a0.28±0.03a0.49±0.03a0.58±0.59a0.47±0.05a
酸类1.75±0.39a1.49±0.07a−−−−
1壬酸C9H18O2112-5-01.75±0.39a1.49±0.07a−−−−
酯类−1.53±0.23a0.80±0.61a1.00±0.96a0.35±0.10a1.52±0.41a
1乙酸苏合香酯C10H12O293-92-5−−−−−1.05±0.35
2二氢猕猴桃内酯C11H16O217092-92-1−1.53±0.23a0.80±0.61a1.00±0.96a0.35±0.10a0.47±0.06a
醇类37.51±0.82a19.61±1.78b19.30±3.42b11.25±1.74c9.30±2.86c12.06±5.90c
11-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-435.59±0.59a17.22±1.59b17.29±2.89b8.98±1.54c9.30±2.86c9.02±4.17c
2芳樟醇C10H18O78-70-61.92±0.23a2.39±0.19a2.01±0.53a2.27±0.20a−3.04±1.73a
呋喃35.63±5.74a5.60±1.11b3.93±1.29b4.95±1.15b6.05±0.84b2.07±0.68b
12-戊基呋喃C9H14O3777-69-335.63±5.74a5.60±1.11b3.93±1.29b4.95±1.15b6.05±0.84b2.07±0.68b
总相对含量1177.81±112.75a364.67±45.00b312.04±55.57b271.24±67.60b275.25±46.04b237.84±27.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889971712574343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

OAV analysis of samples with different cooking times

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物CAS号风味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
0 min1 min2 min3 min4 min5 min
11-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-6泥土、蘑菇0.00312066.673260.003533.332193.333720.003033.33
2(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-84-5香菜、油炸、脂肪、油、氧化0.0271245.93−−−−−
32-壬烯醛2463-53-8脂肪、紫罗兰0.1−410.10260.70137.80211.80172.30
4反式-2-壬醛18829-56-6脂肪、青草0.19749.32−−−−−
5(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-83-4天竺葵、绿色、蜡味0.04614.75369.50174.00109.25161.50125.00
6壬醛124-19-6脂肪、花香、绿色、柠檬1.1147.4741.2360.8145.9460.2851.05
7(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛557-48-2黄瓜、绿色、蜡0.874.9537.3516.7622.0515.8010.18
8(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛5910-87-2谷物、油炸、脂肪、西瓜0.1−29.8026.2066.4013.9016.40
9反-2-辛烯醛2548-87-0脂肪、水果、草、绿色、香料344.6716.497.538.189.209.19
101-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4黄瓜、泥土、脂肪、花卉、蘑菇1.523.7311.4811.535.996.206.01
11辛醛124-13-0柑橘、脂肪、绿色、油、辛辣0.58726.1514.1722.3519.1717.0712.57
12芳樟醇78-70-6香菜、花香、柠檬、玫瑰0.228.7310.869.1410.32−13.82
13β-环柠檬醛432-25-7草本37.638.043.502.884.252.75
14癸醛112-31-2花香、油炸、橙子、脂肪317.886.266.607.196.274.79
15β-紫罗兰酮14901-07-6花香、紫罗兰香8.49.455.012.232.270.971.36
16(EE)-2,4-庚二烯醛4313-03-5脂肪、坚果15.42.281.550.890.520.440.41
172-戊基呋喃3777-69-3黄油、花香、水果、绿豆5.86.140.970.680.851.040.36
18庚醛111-71-7柑橘、脂肪、绿色、坚果2.82.460.701.101.010.710.58
), ArticleFig(id=1320889971821626248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同煮制时间样品OAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物CAS号风味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
0 min1 min2 min3 min4 min5 min
11-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-6泥土、蘑菇0.00312066.673260.003533.332193.333720.003033.33
2(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-84-5香菜、油炸、脂肪、油、氧化0.0271245.93−−−−−
32-壬烯醛2463-53-8脂肪、紫罗兰0.1−410.10260.70137.80211.80172.30
4反式-2-壬醛18829-56-6脂肪、青草0.19749.32−−−−−
5(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-83-4天竺葵、绿色、蜡味0.04614.75369.50174.00109.25161.50125.00
6壬醛124-19-6脂肪、花香、绿色、柠檬1.1147.4741.2360.8145.9460.2851.05
7(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛557-48-2黄瓜、绿色、蜡0.874.9537.3516.7622.0515.8010.18
8(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛5910-87-2谷物、油炸、脂肪、西瓜0.1−29.8026.2066.4013.9016.40
9反-2-辛烯醛2548-87-0脂肪、水果、草、绿色、香料344.6716.497.538.189.209.19
101-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4黄瓜、泥土、脂肪、花卉、蘑菇1.523.7311.4811.535.996.206.01
11辛醛124-13-0柑橘、脂肪、绿色、油、辛辣0.58726.1514.1722.3519.1717.0712.57
12芳樟醇78-70-6香菜、花香、柠檬、玫瑰0.228.7310.869.1410.32−13.82
13β-环柠檬醛432-25-7草本37.638.043.502.884.252.75
14癸醛112-31-2花香、油炸、橙子、脂肪317.886.266.607.196.274.79
15β-紫罗兰酮14901-07-6花香、紫罗兰香8.49.455.012.232.270.971.36
16(EE)-2,4-庚二烯醛4313-03-5脂肪、坚果15.42.281.550.890.520.440.41
172-戊基呋喃3777-69-3黄油、花香、水果、绿豆5.86.140.970.680.851.040.36
18庚醛111-71-7柑橘、脂肪、绿色、坚果2.82.460.701.101.010.710.58
), ArticleFig(id=1320889971934872457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of volatile flavouring substances in samples with different drying temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物结构简式CAS号相对含量(μg/kg)
60 ℃70 ℃80 ℃90 ℃100 ℃
醛类171.45±18.71ab183.59±19.96a139.67±8.74c208.01±16.24a101.06±11.80c
1正己醛C6H12O66-25-111.73±1.23c16.99±1.15b18.90±1.75b38.26±3.11a10.67±0.56c
2庚醛C7H14O111-71-77.73±1.28a7.70±0.75a3.67±0.25b4.79±0.46b4.23±1.75b
3(Z)-4-庚烯醛C7H12O6728-31-0−1.52±0.28a1.27±0.13a2.25±0.27a1.99±0.12a
4辛醛C8H16O124-13-05.08±0.19a5.63±0.69a4.73±0.52a6.25±0.59a2.88±0.07b
5壬醛C9H18O124-19-676.19±4.49a85.51±8.88a50.81±2.89b54.44±3.67b34.37±4.86c
6反-2-辛烯醛C8H14O2548-87-03.70±0.13b5.54±0.82b6.85±0.16b10.46±0.83a4.03±0.34b
7(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛C7H10O4313-03-57.89±0.56d9.95±0.76cd19.52±0.93b35.83±2.34a11.87±1.06c
8癸醛C10H20O112-31-27.36±0.32b12.73±1.52a5.30±0.40b6.79±0.88b5.77±0.31b
9(E)-2-壬烯醛C9H16O18829-56-67.48±0.12c11.67±1.39b14.48±0.25b20.68±1.39a10.94±1.53bc
10反-4-癸醛C10H18O65405-70-11.57±0.19b1.62±0.26b2.80±0.22b4.55±0.68a2.04±0.25b
11月桂醛C12H24O112-54-98.89±0.76a9.27±1.16a−−−
12β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-719.05±8.39a−−−−
132-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-3−2.13±0.31b2.08±0.14b5.70±0.11a2.10±0.17b
142-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-61.35±0.11a1.45±0.12a1.28±0.12a2.63±1.32a1.50±0.25a
152,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O2363-88-45.84±0.49b5.08±0.64b6.61±0.61b13.10±0.32a6.64±0.29b
16十三醛C13H26O10486-19-85.08±0.33a4.43±0.65a−−−
172-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛C12H20O21662-13-51.45±0.04a1.10±0.24a0.89±0.16a1.80±0.20a1.24±0.21a
18肉豆蔻醛C14H28O124-25-41.06±0.08a1.27±0.34a0.48±0.21a0.48±0.07a0.79±0.03a
酮类133.61±6.72a70.54±19.97c73.30±13.44c115.89±8.95ab104.65±4.32b
12,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-97.66±0.83b6.87±0.28b9.94±0.72a11.54±1.36a3.47±0.46c
23-辛烯-2-酮C8H14O1669-44-90.86±0.46b1.05±0.26b1.10±0.03b8.26±1.34a1.36±0.95b
32-十一酮C11H22O112-12-98.93±0.30a3.03±0.15b1.20±0.02d1.43±0.09d2.26±0.17c
44-氧代异佛尔酮C9H12O21125-21-93.55±0.10b2.76±0.58c4.42±0.61b7.02±0.82a6.69±0.53a
5六氢假紫罗酮C13H26O1604-34-86.34±0.26b5.28±0.41b6.45±0.84b9.49±0.63a6.11±0.54b
6香叶基丙酮C13H22O3796-70-119.93±0.89a12.86±1.93b13.01±2.13b16.55±1.08a17.74±0.67a
7β-紫罗兰酮C13H20O14901-07-678.38±3.12a33.07±14.56c33.75±8.59c57.64±3.45b65.48±1.18a
8植酮C18H36O502-69-27.96±0.76a5.62±1.80ab3.43±0.50b3.96±0.18b7.65±0.36a
酸类13.78±0.97a8.89±3.27bc8.36±1.06bc11.02±2.28ab5.44±0.72c
12-乙基丁酸C6H12O288-09-51.67±0.23c3.73±0.77b5.01±0.20b6.69±0.85a−
2庚酸C7H14O2111-14-80.93±0.01a0.72±0.28a−−−
3壬酸C9H18O2112-05-04.83±0.21a2.27±1.11ab1.90±0.38b2.62±1.13a3.43±0.30a
4月桂酸C12H24O2143-07-70.59±0.05a0.44±0.13a0.24±0.09a0.21±0.13a0.31±0.02a
5硬脂酸C18H36O257-11-40.88±0.34a−−−−
6肉豆蔻酸C14H28O2544-63-84.88±0.13a1.73±0.98b1.21±0.39b1.50±0.17b1.70±0.40b
酯类1.40±0.23bc1.70±0.39bc1.90±0.41bc2.10±0.06a1.24±0.06c
1乙酸薄荷酯C12H22O289-48-5−1.09±0.26b1.08±0.22b2.10±0.06a1.24±0.06b
2庚酸烯丙酯C10H18O2142-19-81.4±0.23a0.61±0.13b0.82±0.19b−−
醇类55.50±1.06b38.04±8.39c55.09±6.30b80.66±4.94a30.41±5.35c
11-戊烯-3-醇C5H10O616-25-13.53±0.34b3.86±0.43b4.87±0.17b9.22±0.27a4.94±0.14b
21-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-433.51±0.14b28.97±6.28bc37.72±4.54b57.73±3.32a21.13±4.95c
31-十三醇C13H28O112-70-914.81±0.38a3.05±1.25c9.28±0.91b8.70±1.27b−
45-甲基糠基硫醇C6H8OS59303-5-83.65±0.20a2.16±0.43b3.22±0.68a5.01±0.08a4.34±0.26a
呋喃−4.12±0.12b4.68±0.18b6.12±0.32a6.18±0.81a
12-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃C7H8O21193-79-9−4.12±0.12b4.68±0.18b6.12±0.32a6.18±0.81a
总相对含量375.74±27.69ab306.88±52.10bc283.00±30.13cd423.80±32.79a248.98±23.06d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972043924362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同烘干温度样品中挥发性风味物质的相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物结构简式CAS号相对含量(μg/kg)
60 ℃70 ℃80 ℃90 ℃100 ℃
醛类171.45±18.71ab183.59±19.96a139.67±8.74c208.01±16.24a101.06±11.80c
1正己醛C6H12O66-25-111.73±1.23c16.99±1.15b18.90±1.75b38.26±3.11a10.67±0.56c
2庚醛C7H14O111-71-77.73±1.28a7.70±0.75a3.67±0.25b4.79±0.46b4.23±1.75b
3(Z)-4-庚烯醛C7H12O6728-31-0−1.52±0.28a1.27±0.13a2.25±0.27a1.99±0.12a
4辛醛C8H16O124-13-05.08±0.19a5.63±0.69a4.73±0.52a6.25±0.59a2.88±0.07b
5壬醛C9H18O124-19-676.19±4.49a85.51±8.88a50.81±2.89b54.44±3.67b34.37±4.86c
6反-2-辛烯醛C8H14O2548-87-03.70±0.13b5.54±0.82b6.85±0.16b10.46±0.83a4.03±0.34b
7(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛C7H10O4313-03-57.89±0.56d9.95±0.76cd19.52±0.93b35.83±2.34a11.87±1.06c
8癸醛C10H20O112-31-27.36±0.32b12.73±1.52a5.30±0.40b6.79±0.88b5.77±0.31b
9(E)-2-壬烯醛C9H16O18829-56-67.48±0.12c11.67±1.39b14.48±0.25b20.68±1.39a10.94±1.53bc
10反-4-癸醛C10H18O65405-70-11.57±0.19b1.62±0.26b2.80±0.22b4.55±0.68a2.04±0.25b
11月桂醛C12H24O112-54-98.89±0.76a9.27±1.16a−−−
12β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-719.05±8.39a−−−−
132-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-3−2.13±0.31b2.08±0.14b5.70±0.11a2.10±0.17b
142-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-61.35±0.11a1.45±0.12a1.28±0.12a2.63±1.32a1.50±0.25a
152,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O2363-88-45.84±0.49b5.08±0.64b6.61±0.61b13.10±0.32a6.64±0.29b
16十三醛C13H26O10486-19-85.08±0.33a4.43±0.65a−−−
172-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛C12H20O21662-13-51.45±0.04a1.10±0.24a0.89±0.16a1.80±0.20a1.24±0.21a
18肉豆蔻醛C14H28O124-25-41.06±0.08a1.27±0.34a0.48±0.21a0.48±0.07a0.79±0.03a
酮类133.61±6.72a70.54±19.97c73.30±13.44c115.89±8.95ab104.65±4.32b
12,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-97.66±0.83b6.87±0.28b9.94±0.72a11.54±1.36a3.47±0.46c
23-辛烯-2-酮C8H14O1669-44-90.86±0.46b1.05±0.26b1.10±0.03b8.26±1.34a1.36±0.95b
32-十一酮C11H22O112-12-98.93±0.30a3.03±0.15b1.20±0.02d1.43±0.09d2.26±0.17c
44-氧代异佛尔酮C9H12O21125-21-93.55±0.10b2.76±0.58c4.42±0.61b7.02±0.82a6.69±0.53a
5六氢假紫罗酮C13H26O1604-34-86.34±0.26b5.28±0.41b6.45±0.84b9.49±0.63a6.11±0.54b
6香叶基丙酮C13H22O3796-70-119.93±0.89a12.86±1.93b13.01±2.13b16.55±1.08a17.74±0.67a
7β-紫罗兰酮C13H20O14901-07-678.38±3.12a33.07±14.56c33.75±8.59c57.64±3.45b65.48±1.18a
8植酮C18H36O502-69-27.96±0.76a5.62±1.80ab3.43±0.50b3.96±0.18b7.65±0.36a
酸类13.78±0.97a8.89±3.27bc8.36±1.06bc11.02±2.28ab5.44±0.72c
12-乙基丁酸C6H12O288-09-51.67±0.23c3.73±0.77b5.01±0.20b6.69±0.85a−
2庚酸C7H14O2111-14-80.93±0.01a0.72±0.28a−−−
3壬酸C9H18O2112-05-04.83±0.21a2.27±1.11ab1.90±0.38b2.62±1.13a3.43±0.30a
4月桂酸C12H24O2143-07-70.59±0.05a0.44±0.13a0.24±0.09a0.21±0.13a0.31±0.02a
5硬脂酸C18H36O257-11-40.88±0.34a−−−−
6肉豆蔻酸C14H28O2544-63-84.88±0.13a1.73±0.98b1.21±0.39b1.50±0.17b1.70±0.40b
酯类1.40±0.23bc1.70±0.39bc1.90±0.41bc2.10±0.06a1.24±0.06c
1乙酸薄荷酯C12H22O289-48-5−1.09±0.26b1.08±0.22b2.10±0.06a1.24±0.06b
2庚酸烯丙酯C10H18O2142-19-81.4±0.23a0.61±0.13b0.82±0.19b−−
醇类55.50±1.06b38.04±8.39c55.09±6.30b80.66±4.94a30.41±5.35c
11-戊烯-3-醇C5H10O616-25-13.53±0.34b3.86±0.43b4.87±0.17b9.22±0.27a4.94±0.14b
21-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-433.51±0.14b28.97±6.28bc37.72±4.54b57.73±3.32a21.13±4.95c
31-十三醇C13H28O112-70-914.81±0.38a3.05±1.25c9.28±0.91b8.70±1.27b−
45-甲基糠基硫醇C6H8OS59303-5-83.65±0.20a2.16±0.43b3.22±0.68a5.01±0.08a4.34±0.26a
呋喃−4.12±0.12b4.68±0.18b6.12±0.32a6.18±0.81a
12-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃C7H8O21193-79-9−4.12±0.12b4.68±0.18b6.12±0.32a6.18±0.81a
总相对含量375.74±27.69ab306.88±52.10bc283.00±30.13cd423.80±32.79a248.98±23.06d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972186530699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

OAV analysis of kelp powder samples with different drying temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物CAS号风味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
60 ℃70 ℃80 ℃90 ℃100 ℃
1(Z)-4-庚烯醛6728-31-0青草、油脂、奶油0.025−60.6250.8090.1679.73
2壬醛124-19-6脂肪、花香、绿色、柠檬1.169.2677.7446.2049.4931.24
3反式-2-壬醛18829-56-6脂肪0.11939.3653.7684.10166.19−
4月桂醛112-54-9柑橘、脂肪0.2931.9834.28−−−
51-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4黄瓜、泥土、脂肪、花卉、蘑菇1.522.4119.3125.1438.4814.09
6β-紫罗兰酮14901-07-6花香、紫罗兰香3.522.399.459.6416.4718.71
72,4-癸二烯醛2363-88-4芫荽、油炸、脂肪、油、氧化0.319.4816.9422.0543.6522.14
8辛醛124-13-0柑橘、脂肪、绿色、油、辛辣0.5878.669.598.0510.644.91
9β-环柠檬醛432-25-7草本36.35−−−−
10庚醛111-71-7柑橘、脂肪、绿色、坚果2.82.762.751.311.711.51
11癸醛112-31-2花香、油炸、橙子、脂肪32.454.241.772.261.92
122-十一酮112-12-9清新、绿色、橙子、玫瑰5.51.620.550.220.260.41
13反-2-辛烯醛2548-87-0脂肪、水果、草、绿色、香料31.231.852.283.491.34
14(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛4313-03-5脂肪、坚果15.40.510.651.272.330.77
醛类物质总OAV182.04262.42217.83369.92143.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972291388300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同烘干温度样品OAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物CAS号风味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
60 ℃70 ℃80 ℃90 ℃100 ℃
1(Z)-4-庚烯醛6728-31-0青草、油脂、奶油0.025−60.6250.8090.1679.73
2壬醛124-19-6脂肪、花香、绿色、柠檬1.169.2677.7446.2049.4931.24
3反式-2-壬醛18829-56-6脂肪0.11939.3653.7684.10166.19−
4月桂醛112-54-9柑橘、脂肪0.2931.9834.28−−−
51-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4黄瓜、泥土、脂肪、花卉、蘑菇1.522.4119.3125.1438.4814.09
6β-紫罗兰酮14901-07-6花香、紫罗兰香3.522.399.459.6416.4718.71
72,4-癸二烯醛2363-88-4芫荽、油炸、脂肪、油、氧化0.319.4816.9422.0543.6522.14
8辛醛124-13-0柑橘、脂肪、绿色、油、辛辣0.5878.669.598.0510.644.91
9β-环柠檬醛432-25-7草本36.35−−−−
10庚醛111-71-7柑橘、脂肪、绿色、坚果2.82.762.751.311.711.51
11癸醛112-31-2花香、油炸、橙子、脂肪32.454.241.772.261.92
122-十一酮112-12-9清新、绿色、橙子、玫瑰5.51.620.550.220.260.41
13反-2-辛烯醛2548-87-0脂肪、水果、草、绿色、香料31.231.852.283.491.34
14(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛4313-03-5脂肪、坚果15.40.510.651.272.330.77
醛类物质总OAV182.04262.42217.83369.92143.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972371080077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Amount of volatile flavour compounds in the sample before and after lyophilisation(μg/kg, dry basis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物结构式CAS号冻干前冻干复水后
醛类4673.19±545.33a4578.29±559.24a
1正己醛C6H12O66-25-1317.69±27.61a332.15±28.13a
2庚醛C7H14O111-71-730.38±6.79a23.91±2.14a
32-己烯醛C6H10O505-57-7−162.76±113.68
4辛醛C8H16O124-13-0128.31±15.58a131.15±28.65a
5壬醛C9H18O124-19-6699.39±164.86a747.30±146.71a
6反-2-辛烯醛C8H14O2548-87-0763.08±30.38a682.10±67.61a
7(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛C7H10O4313-03-5367.04±69.86a262.07±40.43a
8癸醛C10H20O112-31-2289.78±42.41a274.88±42.54a
92-壬烯醛C9H16O2463-53-8632.46±30.84a629.51±37.96a
10反-4-癸醛C10H18O65405-70-146.27±16.96a40.47±3.08a
11(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛C9H14O557-48-2460.81±70.32a447.75±31.70a
12β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-7372.13±22.21a358.27±2.98a
132-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-3200.49±17.43a154.67±4.24a
14(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛C9H14O5910-87-245.96±4.94a38.01±2.21a
152,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O15764-16-622.98±4.63−
162-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-623.29±1.54a18.47±1.14a
17(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-83-4227.94±13.42a200.26±1.47a
182-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛C12H20O21662-13-545.19±5.55a45.51±4.18a
19对甲氧基苯甲醛C8H8O2123-11-5−29.05±0.33
酮类1130.74±120.13a1078.06±94.25a
11-辛烯-3-酮C8H14O4312-99-6150.83±16.81a151.50±21.94a
22,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-926.06±1.39−
36-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O110-93-048.89±6.32−
42-十一酮C8H14O112-12-9−18.87±5.74a
5香叶基丙酮C11H22O3796-70-1256.31±41.02a256.4±19.56a
6β-紫罗兰酮C13H22O14901-07-6648.65±54.59a651.29±47.01a
7植酮C13H10O502-69-217.12±13.73−
酸类22.98±1.08a16.76±0.65b
1壬酸C9H18O2112-05-022.98±1.08a16.76±0.65b
酯类23.60±3.55a3.49±0.57b
1二氢猕猴桃内酯C11H16O217092-92-123.60±3.55a3.49±0.57b
醇类302.43±27.45a305.4±23.76a
11-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-4265.57±24.52a270.61±20.88a
2芳樟醇C10H18O78-70-636.86±2.93a34.79±2.88a
呋喃86.36±17.12a90.91±2.52a
12-戊基呋喃C9H14O3777-69-386.36±17.12a90.91±2.52a
总相对含量6239.30±714.66a6072.91±680.99a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972471743374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

冻干前后样品中挥发性风味化合物的含量(μg/kg,干基)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物结构式CAS号冻干前冻干复水后
醛类4673.19±545.33a4578.29±559.24a
1正己醛C6H12O66-25-1317.69±27.61a332.15±28.13a
2庚醛C7H14O111-71-730.38±6.79a23.91±2.14a
32-己烯醛C6H10O505-57-7−162.76±113.68
4辛醛C8H16O124-13-0128.31±15.58a131.15±28.65a
5壬醛C9H18O124-19-6699.39±164.86a747.30±146.71a
6反-2-辛烯醛C8H14O2548-87-0763.08±30.38a682.10±67.61a
7(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛C7H10O4313-03-5367.04±69.86a262.07±40.43a
8癸醛C10H20O112-31-2289.78±42.41a274.88±42.54a
92-壬烯醛C9H16O2463-53-8632.46±30.84a629.51±37.96a
10反-4-癸醛C10H18O65405-70-146.27±16.96a40.47±3.08a
11(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛C9H14O557-48-2460.81±70.32a447.75±31.70a
12β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-7372.13±22.21a358.27±2.98a
132-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-3200.49±17.43a154.67±4.24a
14(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛C9H14O5910-87-245.96±4.94a38.01±2.21a
152,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O15764-16-622.98±4.63−
162-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-623.29±1.54a18.47±1.14a
17(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-83-4227.94±13.42a200.26±1.47a
182-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛C12H20O21662-13-545.19±5.55a45.51±4.18a
19对甲氧基苯甲醛C8H8O2123-11-5−29.05±0.33
酮类1130.74±120.13a1078.06±94.25a
11-辛烯-3-酮C8H14O4312-99-6150.83±16.81a151.50±21.94a
22,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-926.06±1.39−
36-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮C8H14O110-93-048.89±6.32−
42-十一酮C8H14O112-12-9−18.87±5.74a
5香叶基丙酮C11H22O3796-70-1256.31±41.02a256.4±19.56a
6β-紫罗兰酮C13H22O14901-07-6648.65±54.59a651.29±47.01a
7植酮C13H10O502-69-217.12±13.73−
酸类22.98±1.08a16.76±0.65b
1壬酸C9H18O2112-05-022.98±1.08a16.76±0.65b
酯类23.60±3.55a3.49±0.57b
1二氢猕猴桃内酯C11H16O217092-92-123.60±3.55a3.49±0.57b
醇类302.43±27.45a305.4±23.76a
11-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-4265.57±24.52a270.61±20.88a
2芳樟醇C10H18O78-70-636.86±2.93a34.79±2.88a
呋喃86.36±17.12a90.91±2.52a
12-戊基呋喃C9H14O3777-69-386.36±17.12a90.91±2.52a
总相对含量6239.30±714.66a6072.91±680.99a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972593378191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

OAV analysis of samples before and after freeze-drying

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物CAS号风味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
冻干前冻干复水后
11-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-6泥土、蘑菇0.00350276.6750500.00
22-壬烯醛2463-53-8脂肪,紫罗兰0.16324.606295.10
3(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-83-4天竺葵、绿色、蜡味0.045698.505006.50
4壬醛124-19-6脂肪、花香、绿色、柠檬1.1635.81679.36
5(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛557-48-2黄瓜、绿色、蜡0.8576.01559.69
6(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛5910-87-2谷物、油炸、脂肪、西瓜0.1459.60380.10
7辛醛124-13-0柑橘、脂肪、绿色、油、辛辣0.587218.59223.42
81-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4黄瓜、泥土、脂肪、花卉、蘑菇1.5177.05180.41
9芳樟醇78-70-6香菜、花香、柠檬、玫瑰0.22167.55158.14
10β-环柠檬醛432-25-7草本3124.04119.42
11癸醛112-31-2花香、油炸、橙子、脂肪396.5991.63
12β-紫罗兰酮14901-07-6花香、紫罗兰香8.477.2277.53
13(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛4313-03-5脂肪、坚果15.423.8317.02
142-戊基呋喃3777-69-3黄油、花香、水果、绿豆5.814.8915.67
152-癸烯醛3913-81-3脂肪,鱼,橙子1711.799.10
16庚醛111-71-7柑橘、脂肪、绿色、坚果2.810.858.54
17正己醛66-25-1苹果,脂肪,新鲜,绿色,油61.55.175.40
18反-4-癸醛65405-70-1新鲜柑橘、橙子味251.851.62
总OAV值64900.6164328.65
), ArticleFig(id=1320889972694041488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889962669654839, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

冻干前后样品OAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物CAS号风味描述阈值(μg/kg)OAV
冻干前冻干复水后
11-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-6泥土、蘑菇0.00350276.6750500.00
22-壬烯醛2463-53-8脂肪,紫罗兰0.16324.606295.10
3(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛25152-83-4天竺葵、绿色、蜡味0.045698.505006.50
4壬醛124-19-6脂肪、花香、绿色、柠檬1.1635.81679.36
5(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛557-48-2黄瓜、绿色、蜡0.8576.01559.69
6(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛5910-87-2谷物、油炸、脂肪、西瓜0.1459.60380.10
7辛醛124-13-0柑橘、脂肪、绿色、油、辛辣0.587218.59223.42
81-辛烯-3-醇3391-86-4黄瓜、泥土、脂肪、花卉、蘑菇1.5177.05180.41
9芳樟醇78-70-6香菜、花香、柠檬、玫瑰0.22167.55158.14
10β-环柠檬醛432-25-7草本3124.04119.42
11癸醛112-31-2花香、油炸、橙子、脂肪396.5991.63
12β-紫罗兰酮14901-07-6花香、紫罗兰香8.477.2277.53
13(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛4313-03-5脂肪、坚果15.423.8317.02
142-戊基呋喃3777-69-3黄油、花香、水果、绿豆5.814.8915.67
152-癸烯醛3913-81-3脂肪,鱼,橙子1711.799.10
16庚醛111-71-7柑橘、脂肪、绿色、坚果2.810.858.54
17正己醛66-25-1苹果,脂肪,新鲜,绿色,油61.55.175.40
18反-4-癸醛65405-70-1新鲜柑橘、橙子味251.851.62
总OAV值64900.6164328.65
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嫩芽海带在冻干汤块加工过程中挥发性风味物质变化
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范霖澳 1, 2 , 陈婷茹 3 , 陈继承 1, 2 , 李颖 1, 2 , 叶毅峰 1, 2 , 王茵 3, * , 刘智禹 3, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(4): 324-336
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (4) : 324 -336
嫩芽海带在冻干汤块加工过程中挥发性风味物质变化
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范霖澳1, 2 , 陈婷茹3, 陈继承1, 2, 李颖1, 2, 叶毅峰1, 2, 王茵3, * , 刘智禹3, *
作者信息
  • 1福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002
  • 2闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州 350002
  • 3福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,海洋生物种业技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,福建厦门 361013
通讯作者:
王茵(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
刘智禹(1971−),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

范霖澳(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品风味,E-mail:

Changes in Volatile Flavor Compounds of Tender Kelp during the Processing of Freeze-dried Soup Cubes
Lin'ao FAN1, 2 , Tingru CHEN3, Jicheng CHEN1, 2, Ying LI1, 2, Yifeng YE1, 2, Yin WANG3, * , Zhiyu LIU3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 2Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry Technology, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020023
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为探究冻干汤块加工过程中煮制、烘干和真空冷冻干燥等关键加工工艺对嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质的影响,本研究分析了不同煮制时间(0、1、2、3、4和5 min)、不同烘干温度(60、70、80、90和100 ℃)和冻干前后嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质的变化,并利用气味活度值(odor activity value,OAV)鉴定关键挥发性风味物质。结果表明:煮制工艺显著降低嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质的种类和相对含量(P<0.05),而煮制时间对醛类、酸类、酯类和呋喃类物质的相对含量和所有挥发性风味物质的总相对含量无显著性影响,酮类和1-辛烯-3-醇的相对含量则随着煮制时间的增加显著减少(P<0.05)。不同煮制时间嫩芽海带的关键风味物质数量差距较小。1-辛烯-3-酮的OAV值在各组样品中均为最高,且远高于其他化合物的OAV值,是煮制嫩芽海带最关键的挥发性风味物质,当煮制时间为3 min时其OAV值最小。随着烘干温度的上升,挥发性风味物质种类的数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,70 ℃组的风味物质种类最多,各类物质的含量随着烘干温度的改变并无规律性变化。60 ℃组的β-紫罗兰酮和2-十一酮OAV值最高,且醛类物质和腥味物质的OAV值较低,因此60 ℃为嫩芽海带粉调味粉的最适宜烘干温度。真空冷冻干燥工艺对嫩芽海带中挥发性风味物质的种类、相对含量和关键风味物质组成均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),表明该工艺并未显著改变嫩芽海带的整体风味,但是各物质的OAV值普遍下降,主要起到减淡风味的作用。综上所述,选择煮制时间3 min和烘干温度60 ℃有助于改善冻干汤块产品的风味。

嫩芽海带  /  顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)  /  挥发性风味物质  /  气味活度值(OAV)  /  加工工艺

To investigate the effects of key processing techniques—namely boiling, drying, and vacuum freeze-drying—on the volatile flavor compounds of tender kelp during the processing of freeze-dried soup cubes, this study analyzed changes in volatile flavor compounds of tender kelp under various boiling times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min) and drying temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 ℃). Furthermore, the study identified key volatile flavor compounds by calculating odor activity values (OAV). The results indicated that the boiling process significantly (P<0.05) reduced both the variety and the relative content of volatile flavor compounds in tender kelp. However, boiling time had no significant effect on the relative contents of aldehydes, acids, esters, and furans. In contrast, the relative content of ketones and 1-octen-3-ol significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing boiling time. The variation in the number of key flavor compounds in tender kelp across different boiling times was relatively minor. The OAV value of 1-octen-3-one was the highest among all samples, significantly exceeding that of other compounds, thereby indicating its critical role as the most important volatile flavor compound in boiled tender kelp. Its OAV value was lowest at a boiling time of 3 min. As the drying temperature increased, the number of types of volatile flavor compounds initially rose and then declined, with the 70 ℃ group exhibiting the most diverse range of flavor compounds. However, the content of each compound didn't follow a consistent pattern with variations in drying temperature. The OAV values of β-ionone and 2-undecanone were highest in the 60 ℃ group, while the OAV values of aldehydes and fishy compounds were relatively low, suggesting that 60 ℃ was the optimal drying temperature for tender kelp powder seasoning. The vacuum freeze-drying process didn't significantly (P>0.05) affect the variety, relative content, and composition of key flavor compounds in tender kelp, indicating this method didn't substantially alter the overall flavor. However, the OAV values of various compounds generally decreased, primarily leading to a reduction in flavor intensity. In conclusion, selecting a boiling time of 3 minutes and a drying temperature of 60 ℃ contributed to enhancing the flavor of freeze-dried soup cube products.

tender kelp  /  headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)  /  volatile flavour substances  /  odour activity value (OAV)  /  processing technology
范霖澳, 陈婷茹, 陈继承, 李颖, 叶毅峰, 王茵, 刘智禹. 嫩芽海带在冻干汤块加工过程中挥发性风味物质变化. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 324 -336 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020023
Lin'ao FAN, Tingru CHEN, Jicheng CHEN, Ying LI, Yifeng YE, Yin WANG, Zhiyu LIU. Changes in Volatile Flavor Compounds of Tender Kelp during the Processing of Freeze-dried Soup Cubes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 324 -336 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020023
海带(Laminaria japonica)是中国海水养殖的重要经济藻类之一,又名昆布、纶布、江白菜,是褐藻门褐藻纲海带目海带科海带属的一种巨型食用藻类[1]。研究表明海带在抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、降脂、抗微生物、抗过敏和降低便秘发生率方面具有重要作用[2−3]。嫩芽海带是生长仅15 d的海带,相比成熟海带味道更加清淡,口感更加爽脆,并且避免了有些成熟海带熬不烂的缺点,更加容易消化,而且与成熟海带相比腥味更淡。
随着现代社会节奏的加快,人们对食品的便捷性和营养性提出了更高的要求,预制菜因其简单便捷和营养美味从而进入了快速发展的轨道。目前,以海带为主要原料开发的预制菜产品在市场上还比较少见,海带作为一种重要的水产品资源,海带预制菜产品也具有巨大的市场前景。海带汤作为一种传统的健康汤品,具有很高的营养价值和市场潜力,然而,传统海带汤的制备过程较为繁琐,难以满足现代快节奏生活的需求,真空冷冻干燥技术能最大程度保持食品原有的营养、色泽和形态,从而广泛应用于预制菜产品。通过将嫩芽海带汤开发成冻干嫩芽海带汤块产品,不仅为海带预制菜产品的研发与工艺创新提供技术支持,亦有助于提升海带的附加值。
烘干、煮制和冻干是冻干嫩芽海带汤产品开发的重要加工工艺,通过研究不同加工工艺对海带挥发性风味物质的影响,探究海带挥发性风味物质变化的规律和原因,以期有的放矢地通过工艺优化或风味调配技术等,改善冻干嫩芽海带汤产品风味,为研制出更加美味的健康海带食品提供科学依据。目前,对于海带的风味研究常用仪器分析技术为气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS),气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱法(gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry,GC-O-MS)和电子鼻(electronic nose,E-nose)技术。GC-MS由于具有高灵敏度、选择性强和分析速度快的优点,因而广泛应用于水产品中风味物质的研究[4−5]。焦明月[6]利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)和电子鼻研究了不同温湿度条件下热风干燥工艺对海带品质与风味物质的影响,以药用价值较高的萜类化合物和杂环类化合物为例展开分析,最终得到了最佳工艺条件。
由于嫩芽海带近几年才被用于食用,关于嫩芽海带风味物质的研究还处于空白阶段,煮制、烘干和冻干是制作冻干嫩芽海带汤块的三个重要工艺,因此本研究采用HS-SPME-GC-MS对不同加工工艺处理后嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质进行分析,探讨海带风味物质变化机制,从而为嫩芽海带产品风味研究提供理论依据。
盐渍嫩芽海带 购自福建霞浦;2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine,TMP) 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司。
GCMS-QP2020NX GC-MS联用仪 日本岛津仪器有限公司;SPME萃取头50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS复合萃取头 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司;BGZ-240电热鼓风干燥箱 上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;L22-Y82静音真空高速破壁机 九阳股份有限公司;60目标准检验筛 绍兴市上虞张兴纱筛厂;SCIENTZ-30ND冷冻干燥机 宁波新艺芝生物科技股份有限公司。
冻干嫩芽海带汤块的加工工艺流程如图1所示。
挑选品相良好,大小接近的冷冻盐渍嫩芽海带,用自来水冲洗表面直至无盐粒残留,再用清水荡洗干净。参考陈丽丽[7]的方法,取适量清洗过后的嫩芽海带,浸泡在自来水中,用少量流水不断冲洗。每隔3 h换一次水,换水时取适量海带浸泡液,滴入0.1 mol/L AgNO3溶液观察是否有白色沉淀,并取一小块脱盐海带品尝,当最后一次海带浸泡液加入0.1 mol/L AgNO3溶液后无明显沉淀生成,且脱盐海带入口无明显盐味即为脱盐终点。
将嫩芽海带擦干并切成5 cm长的均匀条状,取25 g于沸水中分别煮制0、1、2、3、4、5 min,煮制后迅速捞出,于冷水中冷却2 min,用吸水纸吸干水分,得到煮制嫩芽海带用于挥发性风味物质测定。
参考张李等[8]的方法并稍作修改,取适量嫩芽海带沥干后剪去根部,平铺在干燥铁网上,放入电热鼓风干燥箱中分别于60、70、80、90、100 ℃下烘干,烘干直至水分含量均低于10%即为烘干终点。干燥后使用破壁机粉碎,过60目筛子制得烘干嫩芽海带粉用于挥发性风味物质测定。
取1.2.3方法得到的煮制3 min的嫩芽海带于−20 ℃下冰冻10 h,放入冻干机中进行真空冷冻干燥。将冷冻干燥后的嫩芽海带加入适量水复水,得到冻干复水嫩芽海带用于挥发性风味物质测定。
根据GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》进行测定。
参考顾赛麒等[9]的方法稍微修改,选择50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头,将萃取头插入到250 ℃进样口中老化,当色谱图的基线趋于稳定且没有杂质时结束老化[10]。准确称取2 g样品于15 mL顶空瓶中,于70 ℃加热板中平衡10 min,将萃取头插入顶空瓶恒温萃取30 min,最后将萃取头插入进样口解析5 min,每个样品平行测定5次。
GC-MS条件:采用DB-WAX色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),进样口温度230 ℃,载气为氦气,流速保持0.70 mL/min,不分流进样,溶剂延迟5 min;升温过程:初始温度35 ℃,保持2 min,以5 ℃/min的速率升至180 ℃,保持3 min,最后以10 ℃/min的速率升至230 ℃,保持2 min。
质谱条件:EI离子源,电子能量为70 eV,离子源温度为230 ℃,四级杆温度为150 ℃,采集质量范围35~550 m/z。
定性:将测得物质的谱图与NIST11和Wiley中标准图进行检索对比,选择相似度大于80%的挥发性物质[11]。
定量:将20 μL质量浓度为10 mg/L的内标物2,4,6-三甲基吡啶加入到海带样品中,通过计算待测挥发性风味物质与内标物峰面积的比值求得各挥发性风味物质的相对含量,计算如式(1)所示:
$\rm 挥发性风味物质相对含量(\text{μ}g/kg) =\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{X}}\times {\mathrm{C}}_{\text{TMP}}\times {\mathrm{V}}_{\text{TMP}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{TMP}}\times \mathrm{m}} $
式中:Ax、ATMP分别为待测挥发性风味物质与内标物TMP的峰面积;CTMP为加入TMP的质量浓度,mg/L;VTMP为加入TMP的体积,μL;m为加入样品质量,g。
气味活度值(odor activity value,OAV):通过查阅挥发性成分在水中的阈值,根据每个挥发性风味物质的质量浓度与阈值的比值计算其OAV[12],计算如式(2)所示。
$\rm OAV =\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}}}{{\text{OT}}_{\mathrm{i}}} $
式中:Ci为挥发性风味物质的质量浓度,μg/kg;OTi为风味物质在水中的阈值,μg/kg。
所有实验均进行3次重复,采用Excel分析,所有结果均以均数±标准误差表示,使用Graphpad Pism(Version 9)软件进行显著性分析,P<0.05表示差异显著,使用Origin 2022和TBtools(v2.152)进行作图。
采用HS-SPME-GC-MS对不同煮制时间嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质进行分析,图2和表1为不同煮制时间嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质组成及含量分析结果。由图2和表1可知,不同煮制时间嫩芽海带中共鉴定出39种挥发性风味物质,其中醛类25种,酮类8种,酸类1种,酯类2种,醇类2种,呋喃1种。各组嫩芽海带样品中分别检出34种、28种、27种、27种、25种和27种挥发性风味物质,其中共有物质20种。煮制处理过的样品中挥发性风味物质种类数量随着煮制时间的增加变化不大,但与0 min组海带相比有较明显的减少。
由图2可知,醛类是6组样品中含有的挥发性物质最多的种类,含量也最高,且阈值较低,是海带香气的主要成分。与未煮制的0 min组相比,煮制后的醛类相对含量明显减少,但随着煮制时间的增加其相对含量无显著性差异,说明高温煮制可能会导致嫩芽海带中的醛类物质损失,但煮制时间对其影响不大。5组煮制样品中共同含有的醛类化合物有17种。0 min组海带样品含8种独有醛类物质,分别为2-已烯醛、反式-2-庚烯醛、(E)-4壬烯醛、反式-2-壬醛、十一醛、枯茗醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛和肉桂醛。
与未煮制的0 min组相比,酮类物质的含量明显减少,高温煮制也同样会导致嫩芽海带中的酮类物质损失。5组煮制样品中分别检出酮类7、6、6、5、5种,共同含有的酮类化合物有3种,分别1-辛烯-3-酮、香叶基丙酮和β-紫罗兰酮。随着煮制时间的增加,酮类物质种类数量的变化很小,但相对含量呈较显著下降趋势(P<0.05),含量最高的酮为β-紫罗兰酮和香叶基丙酮,β-紫罗兰酮对海带独特花香风味有着巨大贡献,香叶基丙酮具有花香,主要由类胡萝卜素与脂肪酸类香气前体于加工过程中降解产生[13]。
其余挥发性化合物(酸、醇、酯和呋喃等化合物)种类较少,其中1-辛烯-3-醇含量较高,且是唯一共同含有的醇类化合物,是被报道过的海带主要腥味化合物之一[14]。经煮制后其相对含量明显减少,且随着煮制时间的增加,其相对含量显著减少(P<0.05),说明高温煮制有利于嫩芽海带腥味物质的减少。
综上所述,煮制工艺显著(P<0.05)降低嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质的种类和相对含量,而煮制时间对醛类、酯类和呋喃类物质的相对含量和所有挥发性风味物质的总相对含量无显著性(P>0.05)影响,酮类和1-辛烯-3-醇的相对含量则随着煮制时间的增加显著(P<0.05)减少。
挥发性风味物质对样品香气的贡献程度不仅取决于其在样品中的相对含量,还与该物质在样品中的阈值有关[15]。OAV是衡量某一组分对总体气味贡献程度的指标,相关研究表明0≤OAV≤1的物质通常在食物整体香味中起修饰作用;OAV≥1的化合物通常被认为是食物基质整体香气的有效贡献者;OAV≥10的化合物被认为是影响食物香气的重要物质[16]。将GC-MS检测到的挥发性物质根据各自嗅觉阈值,计算OAV,分析各物质对整体气味的贡献度,结果如表2所示,0、1、2、3、4和5 min组各有16、15、15、15、14和15种OAV>1的关键风味物质,各组间关键风味物质数量差距较小。1-辛烯-3-酮的OAV值在各组样品中均为最高,且远高于其他化合物的OAV值,这主要是由于其较低的感官阈值以及较高的物质含量所致。这表明1-辛烯-3-酮对样品的贡献率最高,并且影响力最大,是煮制嫩芽海带最关键的风味物质。1-辛烯-3-酮是脂肪酸自氧化反应的降解产物[17],具有蘑菇味和泥土味,且对海带腥味的贡献较大[18],是海带腥味的主要成分。在五组煮制样品中,煮制3 min组的OAV值最小。
醛类是嫩芽海带的主要挥发性风味物质,主要来自脂肪氧化水解、微生物作用以及糖类美拉德反应[19],风味多样,3~4个碳原子的醛具有强烈的刺激性风味,5~9个碳原子的醛具有清香、油香、脂香风味,分子量较高的醛具有橘子皮似的风味[20],同时因其气味感受阈值较低,该类化合物也是其他食物风味物质的重要组成部分[21]。6组嫩芽海带样品中OAV值最大的醛类化合物分别为(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、2-壬烯醛和反式-2-壬醛。其中(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛和反式-2-壬醛是未煮制的0 min组海带独有的,2-壬烯醛是煮制嫩芽海带独有的。(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛是亚油酸的氧化产物,可以与氨基酸Strecker降解后得到的产物发生美拉德反应。例如,可以与半胱氨酸或谷氨酸上的氨基发生反应生成2-戊基吡啶[22]。未煮制的0 min组嫩芽海带中的(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛可能是在煮制过程中发生了上述反应,因此未能从煮制嫩芽海带样品中检出。2-壬烯醛是脂肪氧化产生的产物,只在煮制嫩芽海带组检出可能是因为煮制促进了海带中的脂肪发生氧化。反式-2-壬醛在低浓度时具有青草气味,但在高浓度时会产生不愉快气味,仅在未煮制的0 min组海带检出。
对煮制嫩芽海带风味影响较大的酮类除了1-辛烯-3-酮外还有β-紫罗兰酮,其富有花香、紫罗兰香,对海带独特花香气息的形成起到了至关重要的作用。经煮制工艺处理后OAV值下降较为明显,且随着煮制时间的增加有减少的趋势。
醇类物质中OAV>1只有1-辛烯-3-醇和芳樟醇,1-辛烯-3-醇是亚油酸氢过氧化物的降解产物,具有蘑菇和泥土味,是海带的主要腥味物质之一,经过煮制后可能转变为其他物质或者因煮制被大量稀释而OAV值下降。芳樟醇是一种常见的香味化合物,属于单萜醇类,具有花香和柠檬味,这种物质是植物中几乎不自带的化合物,主要来源于糖苷的裂解[23]。刘兴平等[24]认为高含量的芳樟醇可能具有脱腥或者腥味掩蔽效果。
综上所述,在煮制3 min时,嫩芽海带最关键的风味物质1-辛烯-3-酮OAV值最低,腥味最淡。
煮制工艺会显著(P<0.05)降低嫩芽海带的整体风味物质的OAV,从而削弱整体风味。海带粉可作为调味料加入食品中,以提升食品的风味[25]。因此,为了弥补因煮制流失的风味,将海带烘干制成海带粉并加入汤中,以提高整体风味。
采用HS-SPME-GC-MS对不同烘干温度下嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质进行分析,图3和表3为不同烘干温度下嫩芽海带挥发性风味物质组成及含量分析结果。由图3和表3可知,不同烘干温度下嫩芽海带中共鉴定出39种挥发性风味物质,其中醛类18种、酮类8种、酸类6种、酯类2种、醇类4种、呋喃1种。5组烘干样品(60、70、80、90、100 ℃)中分别检出35种、37种、34种、33种、31种挥发性风味物质,其中共有物质26种。随着烘干温度的上升,挥发性风味物质种类的数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,70 ℃组的风味物质种类最多。
醛类阈值一般较低,对产品风味贡献较大,尽管海带脂肪含量低,但其他一些非脂类物质(氨基酸的降解、糖类的美拉德反应等)也可能贡献一部分醛类风味物质。因此,由图3可知,5组样品中醛类物质是烘干嫩芽海带中挥发性物质最多的种类,含量也最高,这与Zhu等[26]的研究结果一致。5组样品中共同含有的醛类化合物有13种,分别为正己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛、(2E,4E)-庚二烯醛、癸醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、反-4-癸醛、2-十一烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、2-反式-6-顺式十二二烯醛和肉豆蔻醛。随着干燥温度的变化,醛类物质的种类数量变化不大,含量最高的醛为壬醛和正己醛,这一结果与Ferraces等[27]相似。
酮类物质通常具有果香味,大多数酮类物质阈值较低,5组样品中酮类相对含量仅次于醛类,也是烘干嫩芽海带香味物质的重要组成部分,酮类物质能赋予嫩芽海带花香和果香且香味持久[28]。5组样品中共同含有的酮类化合物有8种,分别为2,2,6-三甲基环己酮、3-辛烯-2-酮、2-十一酮、4-氧代异佛尔酮、六氢假紫罗酮、香叶基丙酮、β-紫罗兰酮和植酮。含量最高的酮均为β-紫罗兰酮和香叶基丙酮,紫罗兰酮是一种13碳化合物,具有紫罗兰和木本香气,其存在于许多水果和花卉中,是类胡萝卜素氧化9,10键降解的产物[29]。由于海带中含有丰富的类胡萝卜素[30],在烘干过程中高温使类胡萝卜素发生降解,产生了大量的紫罗酮,带给海带独特的花香。其余挥发性化合物(酸、醇、酯和呋喃等化合物)种类较少,其中,1-辛烯-3-醇含量较高,1-辛烯-3-醇又被称为蘑菇醇,主要呈蘑菇香味和脂质氧化的味道,在水产品中常被认为是水产品腥味的来源之一[31],主要由花生四烯酸和亚油酸氧化降解而成[32]。
综上所述,随着烘干温度的上升,挥发性风味物质种类的数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,70 ℃组的风味物质种类最多,醛类、酮类等各类物质的含量随着烘干温度的改变并无规律性变化。
将GC-MS检测到的挥发性风味物质根据各自嗅觉阈值,计算其OAV值,分析各物质对整体气味的贡献度,结果如表4所示,5组样品中OAV值最高的均是醛类物质,且碳原子数都大于5,大多数醛类在低浓度下都表现出专有的脂肪香气,但当浓度超过一定阈值时,它们会产生酸腐的滋味[33]。醛类物质中OAV值最高的主要为(Z)-4-庚烯醛、壬醛和反式-2-壬醛。(Z)-4-庚烯醛在各种乌龙茶、绿茶和红茶等茶类的风味研究中经常被报道,被认为是奶香味的主要来源之一[34−35],而且因其阈值较低,在整体气味特征中发挥着重要作用。壬醛是由油酸和亚油酸氧化产生,呈脂肪、花香、绿色和柠檬味,虽然阈值不低但是其物质含量高,对嫩芽海带整体风味也作出了重要贡献。反式-2-壬醛可能来自脂肪酸氧化,给烘干嫩芽海带带来脂香风味。醛类物质的总OAV值随着烘干温度的上升大致呈现先上升后下降的趋势,这可能是因为在烘干过程中会发生美拉德反应从而产生醛类物质,且随着温度的增加美拉德反应会加剧,而当烘干温度为100 ℃时,过高温度会加速醛类物质的挥发和降解,因此在100 ℃时醛类物质OAV值下降。
5组样品的醇类物质中,仅有1-辛烯-3-醇OAV值较高超过了10,其他醇的OAV值皆小于1。因此1-辛烯-3-醇是烘干嫩芽海带风味的主要贡献物质之一,醇类物质一般来源于脂质的氧化以及醛、酮类物质的还原,通常阈值较高,对产品的风味品质影响不大,但一些不饱和醇阈值较低如1-辛烯-3-醇,具有典型的蘑菇味和泥土味[36],被认为是海带中的主要腥味物质之一。
5组样品中OAV值>1的酮类化合物只有2种,分别为β-紫罗兰酮和2-十一酮。酮类化合物主要来源于氨基酸的降解过程以及不饱和脂肪酸的氧化反应[37]。紫罗兰酮被认为是形成海带特有花香味的重要物质,β-紫罗兰酮也具有花香和紫罗兰香,虽然其阈值较高但同时物质含量也很高,因此OAV值也不低,是烘干嫩芽海带花香风味的重要贡献者。2-十一酮有着清新、绿色、橙子、玫瑰的气味描述,都是令人愉悦的风味描述,但是仅在60 ℃组中OAV>1,这可能是因为烘干温度提高后,2-十一酮发生了分解。
综上所述,醛类物质的OAV值随着烘干温度的上升呈现上升趋势,当温度为100 ℃时,醛类物质OAV值下降,由于大多数醛类物质在低浓度下都表现出专有的脂肪香气,但当浓度超过一定阈值时,它们会产生刺激性气味,而OAV值与物质的浓度成正比,因此可以认为醛类物质的OAV值较低的60 ℃组和100 ℃组可能会表现出更好的风味。形成海带特有花香味的β-紫罗兰酮,在烘干温度为60 ℃时OAV值最高,仅在60 ℃时,具有清新、绿色、橙子、玫瑰气味的2-十一酮的OAV值>1。烘干海带中的主要腥味物质1-辛烯-3-醇的OAV值从大到小依次为:90 ℃>80 ℃>60 ℃>70 ℃>100 ℃。综合上述分析,选择β-紫罗兰酮和2-十一酮OAV值最高且醛类和腥味物质OAV值均较低的60 ℃作为冻干嫩芽海带汤块制作过程中海带粉调味料的烘干温度。
由于冻干复水后嫩芽海带的水分与冻干前相差较大,因此用干重来计算风味化合物含量。由图4和表5可知,在冻干前后嫩芽海带中共鉴定出31种挥发性风味化合物,包括醛类19种、酮类7种、酸类1种、酯类1种、醇类2种及呋喃类1种。冻干前的嫩芽海带样品鉴定出28种挥发性风味化合物,包括醛类17种、酮类6种、酸类1种、酯类1种、醇类2种及呋喃类1种。冻干复水后的嫩芽海带样品鉴定出27种挥发性风味化合物,其中醛类18种、酮类4种、酸类1种、酯类1种、醇类1种及呋喃类1种。两组海带共有挥发性物质23种。由图4和表5可知,冻干工艺对嫩芽海带中挥发性风味物质的种类、总相对含量及醛类、酮类等各种物质含量均无显著(P>0.05)影响,表明冻干工艺未对嫩芽海带的风味产生显著改变。
醛类化合物相对含量变化不大,受冻干影响较小,与冻干前相比多了2-己烯醛和对甲氧基苯甲醛,少了2,4-二甲基苯甲醛,这几种醛都是碳原子数大于5的醛,均不具有强烈刺激性气味的物质。酮类物质相对含量变化也无显著性(P>0.05)差异,受冻干工艺的影响也较小,与冻干前相比少了2,2,6-三甲基环己酮和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮,多检测到了2-十一酮。醇类化合物仅检测出1-辛烯-3-醇和芳樟醇,两种物质在冻干前后的含量变化无显著性(P>0.05)差异。酸类化合物则变化较大,壬酸在冻干后相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),但壬酸的阈值较高对风味影响很小。酯类和呋喃也是同理。因此,冻干工艺对海带风味的影响不显著(P>0.05),主要表现为风味减淡。
将GC-MS检测到的挥发性物质根据各自嗅觉阈值,计算OAV,分析各物质对整体气味的贡献度,结果如表6所示,冻干前和冻干复水后都检测出18种OAV大于1的关键风味化合物。
醛类也是这两组样品的主要风味物质种类,与冻干前相比,冻干复水后大多数醛类物质的OAV值整体呈现下降趋势,但是关键风味物质的组成没有改变。两组嫩芽海带中OAV值最高的几种醛类物质都为2-壬烯醛和(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛。2-壬烯醛和(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛都是亚油酸的主要挥发物氧化的产物,具有脂香味。酮类化合物OAV值大于1的只有β-紫罗兰酮和1-辛烯-3-酮。醇类物质OAV值大于1的只有芳樟醇,具有花香和柠檬味。
综上所述,冻干工艺对嫩芽海带风味组成的影响不大,冻干前后关键风味物质组成不变,但是各物质OAV值普遍下降,主要起到减淡风味的作用。
本文研究了嫩芽海带在冻干嫩芽海带汤块加工过程中挥发性风味物质的变化,利用HS-SPME-GC-MS探究了煮制、烘干和真空冷冻干燥等产品关键加工工艺对嫩芽海带中挥发性风味物质组成及关键香气成分的影响,主要结论如下:
醛类和酮类是煮制嫩芽海带中相对含量较多的挥发性风味物质,煮制工艺显著(P<0.05)降低嫩芽海带的挥发性风味物质的种类和相对含量,而煮制时间对醛类、酸类、酯类和呋喃类物质的相对含量和所有挥发性风味物质的总相对含量无显著性(P>0.05)影响,酮类和1-辛烯-3-醇的相对含量则随着煮制时间的增加显著减少(P<0.05)。不同煮制时间嫩芽海带的关键风味物质数量差距较小。1-辛烯-3-酮的OAV值在各组样品中均为最高,且远高于其他化合物的OAV值,是煮制嫩芽海带最关键的挥发性风味物质,被认为是海带腥味主要贡献物质,当煮制时间为3 min时其OAV值最小,腥味最淡。
醛类和酮类也是烘干嫩芽海带中相对含量较多的挥发性风味物质。随着烘干温度的上升,挥发性风味物质种类的数量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,70 ℃组的风味物质种类最多,醛类、酮类等各类物质的含量随着烘干温度的改变并无规律性变化。60 ℃组的β-紫罗兰酮和2-十一酮OAV值最高,且醛类物质和腥味物质的OAV值较低,因此选择60 ℃作为冻干嫩芽海带汤块制作过程中海带粉调味料的烘干温度。
真空冷冻干燥工艺对嫩芽海带中挥发性风味物质的种类和相对含量均未产生显著(P>0.05)影响,表明该工艺并未显著改变嫩芽海带的整体风味。通过OAV分析,冻干前后关键风味物质的组成不变,但是各物质的OAV值普遍下降,主要起到减淡风味的作用。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020023
  • 接收时间:2025-02-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08
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    1福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002
    2闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州 350002
    3福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,海洋生物种业技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,福建厦门 361013

通讯作者:

王茵(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
刘智禹(1971−),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,研究方向:水产品加工与综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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