Article(id=1321170229732950466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010258, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921128924, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921128924, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921128924, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921128924, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=116, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170231813325251, articleId=1321170229732950466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Sodium Selenite Soaking Seed on the Growth and Development of Highland Barley Sprout and Its Antioxidant Activity, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the growth, development, and antioxidant activity of highland barley sprouts, highland barley variety Zangqing 2000 was used as the experimental material. Highland barley seeds were soaked in various concentrations of sodium selenite solutions. The study examined the effects of these sodium selenite treatments on germination rate, germination potential, plant height, fresh weight, total selenium and organic selenium contents, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in highland barley sprouts. When treated with 5 mg/L sodium selenite, highland barley sprouts achieved the highest germination rate and germination potential, while sprout plant height and fresh weight reached maximum values. Treatments with 5~80 mg/L sodium selenite significantly increased total selenium and organic selenium contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents peaked at 40 mg/L and 10 mg/L sodium selenite treatments, respectively, increasing by 8.53% and 16.41% compared to the control group. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability reached their highest levels at 10 mg/L, with concurrently high DPPH free radical scavenging ability, increasing by 11.85%, 12.85% and 11.90% compared to the control group, respectively. The antioxidant activity of highland barley sprouts showed a positive correlation with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In summary, a treatment concentration of 10 mg/L sodium selenite was identified as optimal, significantly enhancing the quality of highland barley sprouts by synergistically promoting both sprout growth and antioxidant activity. The findings provide theoretical and technical references for selenium-enriched production of highland barley sprouts in the Tibetan region.

, authors=Chenglong YANG1, 2, 3, Quzhen GESANG1, Hao CHENG2, Dunzhu ZHAXI1, Yuhong LIU1, Yahui YANG1, *, Maozhi REN2, 3, *, authorsList=Chenglong YANG, Quzhen GESANG, Hao CHENG, Dunzhu ZHAXI, Yuhong LIU, Yahui YANG, Maozhi REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yahui YANG, Maozhi REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170232635408840, articleId=1321170229732950466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=亚硒酸钠浸种对青稞芽苗生长发育及其抗氧化活性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究亚硒酸钠浸种对青稞芽苗生长发育及其抗氧化活性的影响,本研究以藏青2000青稞籽粒为材料,使用不同浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液进行浸种处理。通过对发芽率、发芽势、株高、鲜重、总硒及有机硒含量、总酚和总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性等指标的测定展开研究,结果显示:使用5 mg/L亚硒酸钠浸种时,青稞籽粒的发芽率和发芽势达到最高,青稞芽苗的株高和鲜重达到最大值;5~80 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理可显著提高总硒及有机硒含量;总酚和总黄酮含量分别在40和10 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理时最高,相比对照组提高了8.53%和16.41%;10 mg/L时铁离子还原能力和ABTS+自由基清除能力最高,此时DPPH自由基清除能力也较高,分别比对照组提高了11.85%、12.85%和11.90%;青稞芽苗的抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量呈正相关。综合而言,10 mg/L为最优浸种浓度,该浓度可协同促进青稞芽苗生长发育和抗氧化活性,从而改善青稞芽苗品质。研究结果为西藏地区青稞芽苗富硒生产提供了理论依据与技术参考。

, authors=杨承龙1, 2, 3, 格桑曲珍1, 程浩2, 扎西顿珠1, 刘玉红1, 杨亚辉1, *, 任茂智2, 3, *, authorsList=杨承龙, 格桑曲珍, 程浩, 扎西顿珠, 刘玉红, 杨亚辉, 任茂智, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨亚辉, 任茂智, authorNote=

杨承龙(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:富硒植物培养及应用,E-mail:

格桑曲珍(1995−),女,本科,研究实习员,研究方向:蔬菜栽培,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨亚辉(1982−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:蔬菜设施栽培和无土栽培研究,E-mail:。
任茂智(1974−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:功能植物研究,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xlAZeXB6eFwzfAJzEy4/zg==, magXml=RdjLTGxQSZwrL/LYaRQT0w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cKTHR+sA4lW386qZen7WWg==, pdfFileSize=1652157, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=DDDEftaRqqo30it5lTPt2Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Uh9Bnd41F9/KXuH4ReP8iA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170233210028499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ycl_guizhou@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170233306497495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, authorId=1321170233210028499, language=EN, stringName=Chenglong YANG, firstName=Chenglong, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Institute of Vegetable Research, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasa 850000, China
2Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
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2中国农业科学院都市农业研究所/国家成都农业科技中心,四川成都 610213
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注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=3iR71+JegFLrIwENWMQfLA==, figureFileBig=CN/ZQbphALCI5Bi0paZcKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170237861511687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite on seed germination and sprout growth of highland barley

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亚硒酸钠浓度(mg/L)发芽率(%)发芽势(%)株高(cm)鲜重(mg/株)
075.333±1.155bc64.667±1.155d12.033±0.115d86.533±1.002d
586.667±3.055a79.333±1.155a13.333±0.208a108.267±1.749a
1078.667±3.055b74.000±2.000b13.100±0.100b101.877±0.849b
2076.000±2.000bc68.667±2.309c12.633±0.058c98.923±1.199c
4075.333±3.055bc68.667±1.155c12.533±0.153c98.490±1.524c
8073.333±3.055c63.333±3.055d12.533±0.058c97.047±0.914c
), ArticleFig(id=1321170237928620552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同亚硒酸钠浓度对青稞籽粒萌发及青稞芽苗生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚硒酸钠浓度(mg/L)发芽率(%)发芽势(%)株高(cm)鲜重(mg/株)
075.333±1.155bc64.667±1.155d12.033±0.115d86.533±1.002d
586.667±3.055a79.333±1.155a13.333±0.208a108.267±1.749a
1078.667±3.055b74.000±2.000b13.100±0.100b101.877±0.849b
2076.000±2.000bc68.667±2.309c12.633±0.058c98.923±1.199c
4075.333±3.055bc68.667±1.155c12.533±0.153c98.490±1.524c
8073.333±3.055c63.333±3.055d12.533±0.058c97.047±0.914c
), ArticleFig(id=1321170237999923721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite on the contents of total phenol, total flavone and antioxidant activity of highland barley sprouts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚硒酸钠浓度
(mg/L)
FRAP
(µmol Fe(Ⅱ)/g)
ABTS
(µmol Trolox/g)
DPPH
(µmol Trolox/g)
总黄酮含量
(mg/100 g)
总酚含量
(mg/100 g)
020.850±0.692b12.155±0.255d11.198±0.312c320.935±9.937d403.885±1.913c
521.248±0.642b12.758±0.238c12.200±0.224b340.175±6.799c398.734±3.110c
1023.265±0.256a13.717±0.170a12.531±0.411b373.611±8.211a420.549±1.830b
2022.885±0.616a13.267±0.083b13.978±0.147a368.908±6.051a405.592±2.051c
4023.542±0.195a13.267±0.221b12.771±0.537b365.316±7.732ab438.331±7.628a
8021.629±0.749b12.620±0.159c11.187±0.628c353.430±0.770b427.687±5.867b
), ArticleFig(id=1321170238075421194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同亚硒酸钠浓度对青稞芽苗总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚硒酸钠浓度
(mg/L)
FRAP
(µmol Fe(Ⅱ)/g)
ABTS
(µmol Trolox/g)
DPPH
(µmol Trolox/g)
总黄酮含量
(mg/100 g)
总酚含量
(mg/100 g)
020.850±0.692b12.155±0.255d11.198±0.312c320.935±9.937d403.885±1.913c
521.248±0.642b12.758±0.238c12.200±0.224b340.175±6.799c398.734±3.110c
1023.265±0.256a13.717±0.170a12.531±0.411b373.611±8.211a420.549±1.830b
2022.885±0.616a13.267±0.083b13.978±0.147a368.908±6.051a405.592±2.051c
4023.542±0.195a13.267±0.221b12.771±0.537b365.316±7.732ab438.331±7.628a
8021.629±0.749b12.620±0.159c11.187±0.628c353.430±0.770b427.687±5.867b
), ArticleFig(id=1321170238192861707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Pearson correlation analysis of chemical constituents and antioxidant activity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标FRAPABTSDPPH总硒有机硒总黄酮总酚
FRAP1
ABTS0.779**1
DPPH0.516*0.677**1
总硒0.2540.061−0.0991
有机硒0.2540.061−0.0991.000**1
总黄酮0.815**0.873**0.651**0.3620.3621
总酚0.493*0.36−0.0310.722**0.722**0.479*1
), ArticleFig(id=1321170238285136396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170229732950466, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

化学成分与抗氧化活性的Pearson相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标FRAPABTSDPPH总硒有机硒总黄酮总酚
FRAP1
ABTS0.779**1
DPPH0.516*0.677**1
总硒0.2540.061−0.0991
有机硒0.2540.061−0.0991.000**1
总黄酮0.815**0.873**0.651**0.3620.3621
总酚0.493*0.36−0.0310.722**0.722**0.479*1
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亚硒酸钠浸种对青稞芽苗生长发育及其抗氧化活性的影响
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杨承龙 1, 2, 3 , 格桑曲珍 1 , 程浩 2 , 扎西顿珠 1 , 刘玉红 1 , 杨亚辉 1, * , 任茂智 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(3): 116-123
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (3) : 116 -123
亚硒酸钠浸种对青稞芽苗生长发育及其抗氧化活性的影响
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杨承龙1, 2, 3 , 格桑曲珍1 , 程浩2, 扎西顿珠1, 刘玉红1, 杨亚辉1, * , 任茂智2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,西藏拉萨 850000
  • 2中国农业科学院都市农业研究所/国家成都农业科技中心,四川成都 610213
  • 3郑州大学农学院,河南郑州 450001
通讯作者:
杨亚辉(1982−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:蔬菜设施栽培和无土栽培研究,E-mail:。
任茂智(1974−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:功能植物研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨承龙(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:富硒植物培养及应用,E-mail:

格桑曲珍(1995−),女,本科,研究实习员,研究方向:蔬菜栽培,E-mail:

Effects of Sodium Selenite Soaking Seed on the Growth and Development of Highland Barley Sprout and Its Antioxidant Activity
Chenglong YANG1, 2, 3 , Quzhen GESANG1 , Hao CHENG2, Dunzhu ZHAXI1, Yuhong LIU1, Yahui YANG1, * , Maozhi REN2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Vegetable Research, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasa 850000, China
  • 2Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
  • 3School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010258
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为探究亚硒酸钠浸种对青稞芽苗生长发育及其抗氧化活性的影响,本研究以藏青2000青稞籽粒为材料,使用不同浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液进行浸种处理。通过对发芽率、发芽势、株高、鲜重、总硒及有机硒含量、总酚和总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性等指标的测定展开研究,结果显示:使用5 mg/L亚硒酸钠浸种时,青稞籽粒的发芽率和发芽势达到最高,青稞芽苗的株高和鲜重达到最大值;5~80 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理可显著提高总硒及有机硒含量;总酚和总黄酮含量分别在40和10 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理时最高,相比对照组提高了8.53%和16.41%;10 mg/L时铁离子还原能力和ABTS+自由基清除能力最高,此时DPPH自由基清除能力也较高,分别比对照组提高了11.85%、12.85%和11.90%;青稞芽苗的抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量呈正相关。综合而言,10 mg/L为最优浸种浓度,该浓度可协同促进青稞芽苗生长发育和抗氧化活性,从而改善青稞芽苗品质。研究结果为西藏地区青稞芽苗富硒生产提供了理论依据与技术参考。

青稞芽苗  /  亚硒酸钠  /  生长发育  /  硒含量  /  抗氧化

To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the growth, development, and antioxidant activity of highland barley sprouts, highland barley variety Zangqing 2000 was used as the experimental material. Highland barley seeds were soaked in various concentrations of sodium selenite solutions. The study examined the effects of these sodium selenite treatments on germination rate, germination potential, plant height, fresh weight, total selenium and organic selenium contents, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in highland barley sprouts. When treated with 5 mg/L sodium selenite, highland barley sprouts achieved the highest germination rate and germination potential, while sprout plant height and fresh weight reached maximum values. Treatments with 5~80 mg/L sodium selenite significantly increased total selenium and organic selenium contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents peaked at 40 mg/L and 10 mg/L sodium selenite treatments, respectively, increasing by 8.53% and 16.41% compared to the control group. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability reached their highest levels at 10 mg/L, with concurrently high DPPH free radical scavenging ability, increasing by 11.85%, 12.85% and 11.90% compared to the control group, respectively. The antioxidant activity of highland barley sprouts showed a positive correlation with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In summary, a treatment concentration of 10 mg/L sodium selenite was identified as optimal, significantly enhancing the quality of highland barley sprouts by synergistically promoting both sprout growth and antioxidant activity. The findings provide theoretical and technical references for selenium-enriched production of highland barley sprouts in the Tibetan region.

highland barley sprout  /  sodium selenite  /  growth and development  /  selenium content  /  antioxidant
杨承龙, 格桑曲珍, 程浩, 扎西顿珠, 刘玉红, 杨亚辉, 任茂智. 亚硒酸钠浸种对青稞芽苗生长发育及其抗氧化活性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010258
Chenglong YANG, Quzhen GESANG, Hao CHENG, Dunzhu ZHAXI, Yuhong LIU, Yahui YANG, Maozhi REN. Effects of Sodium Selenite Soaking Seed on the Growth and Development of Highland Barley Sprout and Its Antioxidant Activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010258
青稞芽苗是指青稞种子萌发后生长的幼茎叶,加工后可应用于食品领域。目前在营养健康领域中已呈现出显著的影响力,逐渐成为了绿色营养健康研究的关注焦点之一。其丰富的维生素、矿物质和蛋白质[1]等元素,被认为是生命活动所需的必备营养物,对于维系人类和动物的健康起着至关重要的作用。近几年来,大量的研究者已开始从不同的角度对青稞芽苗的食品应用进行深入研究。例如,白婷等[2]对青稞芽苗粉的营养价值进行了深度解析,揭示了其含有黄酮、叶酸、维生素C等活性物质,这些物质具有天然的抗氧化特性,能有效抵抗氧化压力,并在保持机体健康方面发挥核心作用[3−5]。母志平[6]则以青稞芽苗为基础原料,成功研制出一款新型杂粮高纤代餐粉,为青稞芽苗在食品领域的应用开发提供了新思路。随着此类研究的不断深入和相关产品的持续开发,青稞芽苗产品市场呈现出蓬勃发展的趋势,深入探究影响青稞芽苗生长及其品质的因素具有一定的重要性与紧迫性。
硒作为人体不可或缺的微量元素[7],对人类健康有着重要的意义。大量研究显示,长期处于硒缺乏的状态,可能会诱发克山病、大骨节病等严重疾病[8]。依据Dinh等[9]的调查结果,中国大部分地区属于缺硒地区,其中西藏地区的缺硒情况尤为严重。一项土壤硒含量调查报告显示,西藏日喀则地区土壤有效硒含量为14.66~32.25 μg/kg,硒含量处于中低水平[10]。硒缺乏造成西藏昌都、山南、拉萨、林芝、那曲、日喀则和阿里等地区约200万人口患大骨节病[11]。另一项调查报告则表明,通过补充外源硒,有助于降低当地人群大骨节病的患病率[12]。硒的存在形式主要为无机硒和有机硒,无机硒大多为硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐[13],它们能够被植物或微生物吸收,并进一步转化成有机硒,例如硒代半胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸等形式[14]。毒理学相关研究证实,有机硒具有的毒性相较于无机硒明显更低[15]。已有诸多研究表明,适量摄入硒有助于维持机体的正常功能,国内外众多研究表明硒在抗氧化[16]、抗癌[17]、心脑血管保护[18]等诸多方面有着重要价值。此外,通过硒处理可显著提高植物中的总硒含量[19]、地上部株高、鲜重[20]及抗氧化活性[21−22]等,如适量浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液浸种可加速甜菜种子发芽,提高种子活力水平,促进幼苗生长,增加光合色素含量,降低丙二醛含量,增强抗氧化酶活性[23];使用亚硒酸钠溶液浸种提高了鹰嘴豆芽苗的异黄酮含量和抗氧化能力[24];对于萝卜芽苗,亚硒酸钠浸种有效促进萝卜种子萌发和芽苗生长,萝卜芽苗抗氧化能力得到显著提高[25]。采用亚硒酸钠浸种处理是否能够促进青稞芽苗生长发育,是否能够提高青稞芽苗的抗氧化活性,最佳处理浓度又为多少,均仍有待研究。
青稞作为西藏地区的特色作物,开展富硒青稞芽苗研究,不仅有助于增加当地特色农副产品的种类和附加值,而且有利于提高当地人群硒营养水品。在富硒青稞研究中,研究人员主要是探究硒对青稞植株或籽粒营养成分及抗氧化活性等的影响,硒对青稞芽苗生长发育及抗氧化活性的影响研究稀少。基于上述背景,本研究选用水培生产芽苗菜模式,采用0~80 mg/L亚硒酸钠浸种,探究促进青稞芽苗生长发育并提高其抗氧化活性的最适硒浓度范围,同时挖掘亚硒酸钠浸种处理提高青稞芽苗抗氧化能力的生理响应模式,为西藏地区富硒青稞芽苗工厂化培养技术体系建立提供参考,为改善当地硒营养水平提供助力。
本实验采用的青稞籽粒品种为藏青2000 由西藏自治区农牧科学院提供;亚硒酸钠(97%) 上海山浦化工有限公司;其余有机试剂 分析纯。
LT-BIX恒温恒湿培养箱 上海立德泰勀科学仪器有限公司;Alpha 2-4 LSCbasic冷冻干燥机 北京德采实仪器设备有限公司;WM-16TD多通道超声波破碎仪 上海微弥科技有限公司;SPARK多功能酶标仪 瑞士TECAN公司。
2024年6~10月,于西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所温室大棚内进行实验。大棚设钢制育苗架和自动喷雾系统,控制湿度。地点海拔3650 m,利于研究青稞对硒处理的高原响应。
藏青2000青稞籽粒经自来水冲洗去杂后,用不同浓度(0、5、10、20、40、80 mg/L)的亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡12 h进行富硒处理,蒸馏水作对照。浸泡后籽粒清水冲洗3遍,置28 ℃恒温箱催芽12 h,再均匀摆放于湿润吸水纸上的育苗盘内,于实验大棚黑暗培养7 d,期间日平均气温23~27 ℃,湿度为80%~90%,每日自动喷雾补水2次,每次1 min。培养结束后,收获芽苗,清洗3遍,晾干后液氮冷冻并真空干燥,粉碎后−80 ℃密封保存,以备分析。
催芽结束后,以籽粒露白作为判断标准,统计青稞籽粒的发芽情况,按照式(1)计算发芽率。完成催芽的青稞在大棚内继续培养2 d,于第3 d按式(2)统计青稞籽粒的发芽势。收获当日,使用直尺测量10株青稞芽苗根部以上的长度,计算平均值作为株高,该测量过程重复3次以确保数据准确性。随机选取10株芽苗作为一组样本,置于电子天平上称重,取平均值作为鲜重,同样重复3次。
$ \mathrm{发}\mathrm{芽}\mathrm{率}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{发}\mathrm{芽}\mathrm{籽}\mathrm{粒}\mathrm{数}}{\mathrm{实}\mathrm{验}\mathrm{籽}\mathrm{粒}\mathrm{总}\mathrm{数}}\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{发}\mathrm{芽}\mathrm{势}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{播}\mathrm{种}\mathrm{后}3\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{内}\mathrm{发}\mathrm{芽}\mathrm{的}\mathrm{籽}\mathrm{粒}\mathrm{数}}{\mathrm{实}\mathrm{验}\mathrm{籽}\mathrm{粒}\mathrm{总}\mathrm{数}}\times 100 $
总硒含量依据GB 5009.93-2017第一法展开检测,有机硒参照 GB 1903.21-2016附录A的相关要求进行检测,有机硒含量等于总硒含量减去无机硒含量[26]。
称取100 mg冻干青稞芽苗粉末,加入1 mL 80%甲醇。混合均匀,25 kHz超声波破碎30 min,4 ℃条件下10956×g高速离心5 min取上清液存放在−20 ℃冰箱待测,若上清浑浊可多次离心。
参照李明玥[27]提出的方法,用超纯水配制0.4、0.55、0.7、0.85、1 mmol/L的硫酸亚铁标准溶液制作标准曲线。分别吸取50 µL样品提取液(空白对照为80%甲醇),加入1.5 mL FRAP工作液,室温反应4 min后,吸取200 µL于96孔板中,在593 nm下测定吸光度。通过标准曲线y=2.8554x−0.3025(R2=0.9998)计算出样品的FRAP值,以μmol Fe(Ⅱ)/g DW表示。
精密称取Trolox标准品,以80%乙醇溶液溶解后,采用超纯水梯度稀释至50、100、200、400、600及800 μmol/L浓度梯度,用于绘制标准曲线。分别吸取50 μL样品提取液(空白组为80%甲醇),与1.95 mL ABTS工作液充分混匀后,室温避光反应6 min。取200 μL反应液转移至96孔板,于734 nm测定吸光度值,通过标准曲线y=2427x−39.579(R2=0.9997)计算出样品的ABTS值,以μmol Trolox/g DW表示。
DPPH自由基清除能力参考马浩媛等[28]的方法进行测定。以50、100、200、400、600及800 μmol/L Trolox溶液绘制标准曲线。分别吸取50 μL样品提取液(空白组为80%甲醇),与1.95 mL DPPH工作液充分混匀后,室温避光反应2 h,取200 μL反应液转移至96孔板,于在515 nm波长处测定吸光度值,通过标准曲线 y=3107.2x+36.43(R2=0.9910)计算出样品的DPPH值,以μmol Trolox/g DW表示。
总黄酮含量运用三氯化铝比色法[29]测定。用80%甲醇配制0.0125、0.0250、0.0500、0.1000、0.1500、0.2000 µg/mL的芦丁标准溶液制作标准曲线。吸取50 µL提取液(空白对照为80%甲醇),先后加入450 µL 80%甲醇、200 µL三氯化铝溶液、300 µL乙酸钾溶液,混合均匀后室温反应30 min,吸取200 µL于96孔板中,在420 nm下测定吸光度。通过标准曲线y=1.2822x−0.0005(R2=0.9996)计算出样品的总黄酮含量,以mg/100 g表示。
总酚含量通过福林酚显色法[30]测定。用超纯水配制0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.1 mg/mL的没食子酸标准溶液制作标准曲线。分别吸取20 µL提取液(空白对照为80%甲醇),先后加入80 µL 80%甲醇、500 µL福林酚试剂,室温反应5 min后,加入400 µL 7.5%碳酸钠溶液,于黑暗环境反应2 h,吸取200 µL于96孔板中,在720 nm下测定吸光度。通过标准曲线y=0.4653x+0.0173(R2=0.9996)计算出样品的总酚含量,以mg/100 g表示。
本研究运用Excel 2021进行数据处理,借助SPSS软件(IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0)实施数据的方差分析、相关性分析和回归分析,其中单因素方差分析在95%置信水平下对均值之间的显著性差异予以检验,相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析方法,回归分析采用线性回归分析方法,利用Origin 2021进行图形绘制。
由表1可知,通过亚硒酸钠浸种的方式进行硒处理,随着亚硒酸钠处理浓度的增加,青稞籽粒发芽率呈现先促进后抑制的趋势。在亚硒酸钠处理浓度为5 mg/L时,青稞籽粒发芽率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),达到最大值;在亚硒酸钠处理浓度为10~80 mg/L时,青稞籽粒发芽率与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着硒处理浓度的逐步增加,青稞籽粒发芽势呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,在5~40 mg/L亚硒酸钠浓度浸种处理下,青稞籽粒发芽势相较于对照组分别提高了22.67%、14.43%、6.18%、6.18%。当亚硒酸钠浓度为5 mg/L时,青稞籽粒发芽势达到最大值。此后,发芽势逐渐递减,但在5~40 mg/L的浓度范围内,发芽势仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而当亚硒酸钠浓度升高至80 mg/L时,发芽势与对照组无明显差异。
本研究发现,运用亚硒酸钠浸种方式对青稞籽粒实施硒处理时,适当的亚硒酸钠浓度能够有效提高青稞籽粒的发芽率与发芽势,5 mg/L时效果最好。这一结果与高雪等[31]的研究相契合,即低浓度的硒(1~5 mg/L Se4+)可强化青稞的发芽势,促进籽粒萌发。Nagdalian等[32]也证实了低浓度的硒添加量有助于青稞籽粒发芽率和发芽势的提高,采用1~20 mg/L的纳米硒溶液处理青稞籽粒,在5 mg/L的发芽率和发芽势较高,高于5 mg/L后纳米硒对青稞籽粒开始起毒害作用。刘爱杰等[33]的研究也呈现出了相似的结果,盐胁迫下的甜菜籽经过5 mg/L亚硒酸钠浸种后可有效提升其发芽势、发芽率、发芽及活力指数。
由图1和表1可知,5~80 mg/L亚硒酸钠溶液浸种处理的青稞芽苗的株高和鲜重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),相较于对照组株高分别提高了10.80%、8.86%、4.99%、4.16%、4.16%,鲜重分别提高了25.12%、17.73%、14.32%、13.82%、12.15%。当亚硒酸钠浸种浓度为5 mg/L时,青稞芽苗的株高最大值为13.333 cm,鲜重最大值为108.267 mg/株。
亚硒酸钠对青稞植株的生长同样具有重要作用,适宜浓度的亚硒酸钠有助于植株的生长。该研究发现5~80 mg/L的亚硒酸钠可有效促进青稞芽苗的生长,其中5 mg/L的效果最好。这与杨邦伟等[34]的研究结论相似,采用土壤配施、叶面喷施以及水培配施的方式研究不同浓度亚硒酸钠对青稞苗生长发育的影响,采用土壤配施和水培配施时,1 mg/kg的纳米硒或亚硒酸钠对青稞苗株高和鲜重的影响最好,采用叶面喷施时,5 mg/kg的纳米硒或亚硒酸钠效果最高。叶面喷施和本研究采用的浸种配施对硒溶液的耐受性大于土壤配施和水培配施,这可能是青稞籽粒、苗叶以及根部对硒的吸收效果存在差异的原因。
不同浓度亚硒酸钠浸种处理后,青稞芽苗中总硒和有机硒含量的变化如图2所示,青稞芽苗中总硒和有机硒含量均随亚硒酸钠处理浓度增加而逐渐升高,有机硒含量和总硒含量接近。5~80 mg/L处理组有机硒含量(0.021、0.056、0.125、0.221、0.341 mg/kg FW)显著高于对照组的0.002 mg/kg FW(P<0.05),较对照组分别提高了9.50倍、27.00倍、61.50倍、109.50倍、169.50倍。
植物可以吸收环境中的无机硒转化为有机硒。Liu等[35]的研究表明,糙米可以从周边环境摄取无机硒,并在发芽进程里将摄取的无机硒转化为SeCys、SeMet等有机硒形式。秦玉燕等[36−37]对茶树分别进行土壤施硒和叶面喷硒处理后,大部分无机硒转化为有机硒,但仍有一部分以无机硒形式存在。Cheng等[19]研究发现,使用80 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡绿豆种子,生长5 d后获得的绿豆芽硒转化率为93.77%。Han等[38]研究结果表明,使用200 µmol/L的亚硒酸钠浸种,花生种子发芽过程中,无机硒通过生物转化高效转化为有机硒,花生芽中的总硒、有机硒含量在发芽第6 d达到6618.59和6144.07 µg/kg,转化率为92.83%。在本研究中,青稞籽粒在吸收硒溶液之后,在发芽过程中将无机硒转化为有机硒,使得青稞芽苗中几乎只存在有机硒,且有机硒含量随亚硒酸钠处理浓度升高而升高,含量最高可达0.341 mg/kg FW,硒转化率约为100%,富硒能力高于绿豆芽、花生芽等。相较于叶面喷施和土壤施硒处理,本研究采用的硒浸种处理方式能更好地吸收无机硒,在种子萌发初期就参与到植物的生理代谢过程中,有利于更早地启动无机硒的转化机制,从而在转化效率上表现出明显优势。关于青稞芽苗菜有机硒的具体组成形态、含量还待进一步研究。
由表2可知,10~40 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理组铁离子还原能力(FRAP)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),随着硒处理浓度的增加,富硒组的FRAP值呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在10~40 mg/L这个范围内基本保持不变(22.885~23.542 µmol Fe(Ⅱ)/g),10 mg/L时青稞芽苗的FRAP相比对照组提高了11.85%,超过40 mg/L后铁离子还原能力下降到与对照同一水平。硒处理后青稞芽苗的ABTS+自由基清除能力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别在对照组的基础上提升了4.96%、12.85%、9.15%、9.15%、3.83%。DPPH自由基清除能力则在5~40 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理时显著提高(P<0.05),相比对照组分别提高了8.95%、11.90%、24.83%、14.05%。随着硒处理浓度的增加,富硒组的ABTS+和DPPH自由基清除能力呈现先升高后降低的趋势,分别在10和20 mg/L时达到最大值,为13.717和13.978 µmol Trolox/g。
另一方面,添加亚硒酸钠浸种显著提高了青稞芽苗中的总黄酮含量(P<0.05),与对照组相比,各亚硒酸钠浸种处理组分别提升了6.00%、16.41%、14.95%、13.83%、10.13%。总黄酮含量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,亚硒酸钠浓度为5 mg/L时青稞芽苗中总黄酮含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),当亚硒酸钠溶液浓度达到10 mg/L时,青稞芽苗的总黄酮含量达到最高值,即373.611 mg/100 g,并在亚硒酸钠溶液浓度为10~40 mg/L范围内总黄酮含量无明显变化(373.611~365.316 mg/100 g),超过40 mg/L后总黄酮含量开始下降。10、40、80 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理,可显著提高青稞芽苗中的总酚含量(P<0.05),其中40 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理时总酚含量最高,为438.331 mg/100 g,相比于对照组提高了8.53%,而5、20 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理组相对于对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。
已有的研究结果表明,适当硒处理可以有效提高植物的抗氧化活性[39−40]以及总黄酮和总酚等[41]等抗氧化物质含量。李晓红等[42]发现,用亚硒酸钠溶液进行水培能够有效地提高萝卜芽苗菜的抗氧化活性,5 mg/L浓度下萝卜芽苗菜的ABTS、FRAP和DPPH值达到最大。黄雪梅等[43]和武文玥等[44]的研究发现适宜的硒处理能够增加总酚和黄酮的含量,其中0.25 mg/L的硒处理显著增加生菜的总酚含量,并且该含量随着硒浓度的增加而增加。叶面喷施亚硒酸钠提高了甜荞的黄酮含量,在1 mg/L时黄酮含量最高。Banerjee等[45]研究结果与之相似,100 µg/g的硒有效提高了菜豆中类黄酮和酚类物质的含量。在本研究中,经亚硒酸钠浸种处理后,青稞芽苗中的总酚和总黄酮含量增加,在40 mg/L时青稞芽苗中的总酚含量最高,10 mg/L时青稞芽苗中的总黄酮含量最高,富硒青稞芽苗的抗氧化活性显著强于对照组。
赵梦媛等[46]的研究发现,芦丁降解酶(RDEs)与黄酮类物质相关,过热蒸汽处理一定程度上降低了RDEs酶活,抑制芦丁水解,从而提高黄酮类物质含量。此外,有机硒既可以作为一种直接抗氧化剂,也可以提高抗氧化酶酶活[47]。抗氧化酶(如超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、过氧化物酶POD等)是生物体内抗氧化系统的关键组分,通过催化反应清除自由基从而增强抗氧化系统。研究表明,用亚硒酸钠溶液浸种花生种子,有效提高了花生芽苗的SOD和POD酶活[48];用亚硒酸钠溶液叶面喷施处理油麦菜植株,显著提高了其SOD、POD、CAT酶活性[49]。本研究中,亚硒酸钠浸种处理青稞籽粒后,青稞芽苗的芦丁降解酶和抗氧化酶酶活有待后续研究,这可能与青稞芽苗抗氧化活性变化相关。下一步,可通过代谢组学、转录组学等手段,深入分析富硒青稞芽苗的富硒机理与代谢情况。此外,研究发现油菜芽苗中硒、维生素E和硫代葡萄糖苷的含量与种子中的含量高度相关[50]。芽苗的种子仍具有开发利用价值,本研究萌发后的青稞种子硒含量、生物活性等还在进一步研究中。
从表3 Pearson相关性分析结果能够看出,青稞芽苗中总硒和有机硒与FRAP、ABTS、DPPH值的相关性系数均较低,无相关性,与总酚含量极显著正相关(P<0.01);总黄酮含量与铁离子还原能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力极显著正相关(P<0.01);总酚含量与铁离子还原能力显著正相关(P<0.05),与ABTS+和DPPH自由基清除能力几乎不相关,与总黄酮含量显著正相关(P<0.05)。此结果表明,亚硒酸钠浸种处理可能主要是通过提高青稞芽苗中的总黄酮和总酚含量,间接增强其抗氧化能力。在Pearson相关性分析结果基础上进行线性回归分析,得出回归方程(FRAP=0.372+0.046×总黄酮含量+0.013×总酚含量,R2=0.768;ABTS=3.766+0.026×总黄酮含量,R2=0.840;DPPH=−0.538+0.036×总黄酮含量,R2=0.350),可以通过总黄酮和总酚含量预测抗氧化活性。相关研究表明,总黄酮及总酚含量和抗氧化活性之间存在关联[30,51],硒通过提高酚类和类黄酮含量从而改善植物的抗氧化防御系统[52]。硒处理提高油菜粉抗氧化活性的同时,黄酮和多酚含量也相应增加,富硒油菜粉的抗氧化活性与黄酮和多酚含量正相关[53]。本文结果与上述研究结果相似,表明总黄酮和总酚含量的增加有利于提高青稞芽苗的抗氧化能力。
亚硒酸钠浸种可显著提升青稞籽粒的发芽率与发芽势,促进青稞芽苗的生长,表现为株高和鲜重的增加;亚硒酸钠浸种后,青稞籽粒的发芽过程将无机硒转化为有机硒,有效提高了青稞芽苗中的有机硒含量、总酚和总黄酮含量,进而增强青稞芽苗的抗氧化活性。其中,对青稞芽苗生长指标影响最为显著的亚硒酸钠浓度为5 mg/L,而对其抗氧化活性指标影响最为突出的亚硒酸钠浓度则为10 mg/L。综上所述,以10 mg/L的亚硒酸溶液浸泡青稞籽粒,既可以促进青稞芽苗生长,提高青稞芽苗的硒含量,也可以显著提高其抗氧化活性。富硒青稞芽苗抗氧化活性的显著增强,意味着其在食品、保健品等领域具有潜在的开发价值。结合本研究结果,未来可进一步开发功能性食品,如富硒青稞芽苗面食或饮品等,以及进一步研究硒在青稞芽苗体内的代谢途径。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010258
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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    1西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,西藏拉萨 850000
    2中国农业科学院都市农业研究所/国家成都农业科技中心,四川成都 610213
    3郑州大学农学院,河南郑州 450001

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杨亚辉(1982−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:蔬菜设施栽培和无土栽培研究,E-mail:。
任茂智(1974−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:功能植物研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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