Article(id=1321170515406996183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010257, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921197034, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921197034, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921197034, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921197034, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=484, endPage=497, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170515641877208, articleId=1321170515406996183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Industrialization Development of Medium and Long Chain Triglycerides, columnId=1261343851327906245, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Medium and long chain triglycerides (MLCTs) are a kind of structured lipids with special physical and chemical properties and nutritional functions, which contain both medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Since the first patent of MLCTs edible oil and related products are launched by Nisshin OilliO Corporation in Japan in 2002. The MLCTs industry has undergone a transformative developmental history over two decades. The acidolysis process is applicable for the production of MLCTs products with relatively high added value. Composite enzyme design and novel reaction systems including the reverse micelles and the Pickering emulsions have gained significant research attention as emerging approaches. Fixed-bed reactors currently represent the most promising enzymatic equipment for the synthesis of industrial-scale MLCTs, though intensified investigations on industry implementation are still required. Molecular distillation demonstrates superior separation efficiency and product purity, positioning it as the most industrially viable purification technology, but its widespread application necessitates technological advancements to address inherent limitations of high capital investment and energy intensity. While conventional analytical methodologies including gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) remain practically effective, future efforts shall prioritize establishing the triacylglycerols molecular databases for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to achieve precise qualitative and quantitative analysis of triglycerides isomers. Standardization works urgently require the establishment of authoritative national standards and certified analytical protocols to regulate MLCTs industry development. From the perspectives of the products and applications, strategic priorities shall encompass 1) the market education and promotion activities, 2) the innovative product development and application, 3) studying on the interaction mechanisms of nutrient substances, and 4) the fundamental research in the metabolic pathway. These efforts will establish a robust scientific foundation for advancing the commercialization and application of MLCTs products in the food industry.

, authors=Kaizhou YANG1, Zheng WEI1, Jianyu ZHU2, Zhangqun DUAN1, *, Yalin XUE1, authorsList=Kaizhou YANG, Zheng WEI, Jianyu ZHU, Zhangqun DUAN, Yalin XUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhangqun DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170518384952035, articleId=1321170515406996183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=中长碳链甘三酯产业化发展研究进展, columnId=1261343852603031688, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=专题综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

中长碳链甘三酯(MLCTs)是一类甘油三酯分子同时含有中碳链脂肪酸(MCFAs)和长碳链脂肪酸(LCFAs)且具有特殊理化性质和营养功能的结构脂质。从2002年日本日清奥利友株式会社推出第一款中长碳链甘三酯食用油及相关产品专利以来,中长碳链甘三酯产业经历了20多年的发展历程,近年来中长碳链甘三酯在特医食品、医药保健品、母乳脂、替代传统脂肪等行业的需求不断增加。本文对近年来国内外对于中长碳链甘三酯的合成工艺、分离纯化、反应设备、标准专利、产品和应用等领域的研究进展进行了概括总结,以期为国内中长碳链甘三酯产业的高质量发展提供一定的技术参考。

, authors=杨剀舟1, 魏征1, 朱建宇2, 段章群1, *, 薛雅琳1, authorsList=杨剀舟, 魏征, 朱建宇, 段章群, 薛雅琳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=段章群, authorNote=

杨剀舟(1986−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:油脂精深加工与产业化,E-mail:

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段章群(1981−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:油脂化学与加工技术,E-mail:。
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Journal of Food Science, 2012, 77(8): R137−R144., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170542586086304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=99, rfOrder=127, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=竹内弘幸, 板仓惠, 久保田文江, 等. 油脂组合物: CN00819840.3[P]. 2007-01-03. [TAKESHI T, MEGUMI I, FUMIE K, et al. Oils compositions: CN00819840.3[P]. 2007-01-03], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170542674166689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=99, rfOrder=128, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAKESHI T, MEGUMI I, FUMIE K, et al. 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注:TAGs代表甘三酯;DAGs代表甘二酯;MAGs代表甘一酯;CD36为跨膜糖蛋白;FABPpm为质膜脂肪酸结合蛋白;FATP4为脂肪酸转运蛋白4;CoA为辅酶A;FA-CoA为脂肪酸辅酶A。

, figureFileSmall=4zKdKldkRBv11369HER9pw==, figureFileBig=K8gg5qu9+NmROa+79IlgxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170522914800401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Common enzymatic synthesis process of MLCTs[16], figureFileSmall=auvAO5hNfV9amaKq+E4lNQ==, figureFileBig=s81xwQB02F+/1pzj6acGCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170522986103570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=图2, caption=常见的MLCTs酶法合成工艺[16]

注:M代表中碳链脂肪酸,L代表长碳链脂肪酸。

, figureFileSmall=auvAO5hNfV9amaKq+E4lNQ==, figureFileBig=s81xwQB02F+/1pzj6acGCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523061601043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of enzyme catalytic reactors[4], figureFileSmall=KjPWZ27WcChmrz24M7qPpg==, figureFileBig=5eEN4f7O6N3pZQL5x5jzBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523183235860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酶催化反应器示意图[4], figureFileSmall=KjPWZ27WcChmrz24M7qPpg==, figureFileBig=5eEN4f7O6N3pZQL5x5jzBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523262927637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=100 kg/d laboratory-scale enzymatic interesterification synthesis of MLCTs[23], figureFileSmall=lobbM0Te0Pp8GgR49dt+mw==, figureFileBig=nSZ95k69suqUZgO5QPng3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523384562454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=图4, caption=100 kg/d实验室级别酶法酯交换合成MLCTs小试线[23], figureFileSmall=lobbM0Te0Pp8GgR49dt+mw==, figureFileBig=nSZ95k69suqUZgO5QPng3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523451671319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Design diagram of microfluidic reactor[73], figureFileSmall=X8pMeeSZ7cNjAFVI3bcSgw==, figureFileBig=MmdghYT6+yjcK/0D83bwAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523573306136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=图5, caption=微流体反应器设计图[73], figureFileSmall=X8pMeeSZ7cNjAFVI3bcSgw==, figureFileBig=MmdghYT6+yjcK/0D83bwAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170523736883993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Literature research on enzymatic synthesis of MLCTs at home and abroad

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工艺反应器反应底物酶催化剂反应条件(温度、加酶量、时间和底物比等)产品指标纯化及分析方法参考文献
酯交换烧瓶鱼油+MCTLipozyme RM IM60 ℃、8%、6 h、1:3MLCTs得率(MML+MLL) 75%分子蒸馏,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSWang等[13]
烧瓶微藻油+MCTNS4008660 ℃、8%、8 h、1:1
氮气环境
MLCTs得率62.8%碱中和纯化,HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MSZou等[8]
烧瓶鱼油+MCT生物印迹脂肪酶70 ℃、4%、3 h、1:1.5
氮气环境
MLCTs得率56.19%碱中和纯化,HPLC-ELSDZou等[9]
烧瓶巴沙猫鱼油+椰子油NS4008665 ℃、10%、4 h、1:1MLCTs得率64.14%,MLL得率39.85%乙醇净化,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSYuan等[7]
烧瓶ARA真菌油+MCTLipozyme 43590 ℃、8%、3 h、1:1,500 r/minMLCTs得率53.75%碱液中和溶剂纯化,RP-HPLC-ELSDKorma等[33]
填充床大豆油+MCTLipozyme TL IM75 ℃、10.0%、MCT:大豆油=45:55、16 minMLCTs得率80.07%分子蒸馏和甲醇纯化,HPLC-ELSDZhang等[23]
填充床三辛酸甘油酯+棕榈液油Lipozyme TL IM50 ℃、4.5 g、15 min、1:1MLM-MLCTs得率16.75%无,HPLC-RIDUtama等[15]
烧瓶三辛酸甘油酯和亚油酸乙酯Talaromyces thermophilus lipase60 ℃、6%、6 h、1:6、200 r/minLML-MLCTs得率52.86%
纯化后85.24%
分子蒸馏,GCLian等[57]
锥形瓶樟树籽油+油茶
籽油
Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、10%、3 h、1:1.5、200 r/minMLCTs得率55.81%无,HPLC-ELSDZhao等[26]和Hu等[27]
烧瓶大豆油+MCTLipozyme 43590 ℃、8%、6 h、40:60、180 r/minMLCTs得率74.9%碱中和和柱层析纯化,HPLC-ELSDLu等[10]
搅拌釜棕榈油+棕榈仁油Lipozyme TLIM50 ℃、5%、7.26 h、10:90、350 r/minMLCTs得率61%分子蒸馏,HPLC-ELSDLee等[22]
烧瓶三辛酸甘油酯+亚麻籽油Lipozyme TLIM41.5~50.0 ℃、1.5%、4 h、1:5、260~300 r/min、正己烷无,MLCTs得率48.17%无,HPLC-ELSD和ACPI/MSKhodadadi等[25]
填充床大豆油+MCTLipozyme TL IM55 ℃、3 g脂肪酶、33.42 min、质量比50:50,物料流速
0.426 mL/min
无,酯交换程度59.18%无,HPLC-ELSDYang等[24]
烧瓶椰子油+高油酸菜籽油Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、12%、2 h、质量比50:50、水分活度0.07LML-MLCTs得率45.65%无,HPLC-ELSD和APCI-MSPeng等[11]
填充床鱼油+MCTLipozyme TL IM60 ℃、45 min无,酯交换度达到95%无,HPLC-ELSDXu等[58]
烧瓶高油酸葵花籽油+椰子油Lipozyme RM IM60.99 ℃、9.29%、6.21 h、6:4MLCTs得率75.98%无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS吴凡等[29]
烧瓶亚麻籽油+椰子油Lipozyme RM IM40 ℃、25 U g−1、10 h、1:1MLCTs得率76.59%、ALA-MLCTs得率45.03%无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSLiu等[17]
锥形瓶橡胶籽油+MCTNS4008640 ℃、7%、12 h、1:0.7MLCTs得率75.4%碱中和纯化,GCLiu等[59]
烧瓶油茶籽油+MCTLipozyme TLIM/RMIM复合酶55 ℃、6%、12 h、1:2MLCT得率70.32%无,HPLC-ELSDTian等[30]
烧瓶油茶籽油+MCTNS4008660 ℃、10%、2 h、1:1,皮克林乳液反应体系MLCTs得率77.5%无,HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MSDong等[31]
烧瓶油茶籽油+MCTLipozyme TL IM/RM IM复合酶1:255 ℃、6%、12 h、3:5(m/m)MLM-MLCTs得率52.71%无,HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-HESI-MS/MSHuang等[32]
烧瓶牡丹籽油+棕榈硬脂+椰子油Lipozyme TL IM60 ℃、5%、4 h、40:60:10(m/m/m)黄油替代型MLCTs得率11.38%无,LC-MSZhang等[6]
烧瓶椰子油+高油酸菜籽油Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、12%、2 h、1:1,aW0.07,250 r/minOMO-MLCTs得率45%,Sn-MCFA=43%无,HPLC-ELSD和 HPLC-APCI-MSPeng等[11]
锥形瓶椰子油+芝麻油Lipozyme RM IM57 ℃、0.2%、16 h、1:1(m/m),150 r/min,0.5%Tween 40酯交换度24.62%,MUFA:LCFA=1.47无,GCSivakanthan等[60]
反应釜OPO+OPL+椰子油NS4008665 ℃、8%、6 h、0.8:1,350 r/minMLCTs得率74.82%分子蒸馏,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS徐文迪[61]
锥形瓶樟树籽油+大豆油Lipozyme RM IM45 ℃、10%、20 h、1:1,加水量10%MLCTs得率55.1%碱液中和溶剂纯化,RP-UPLC-ELSD候俊青[28]
酸解烧瓶微藻油+辛酸Lipozyme
TL-IM、Lipozyme RM-IM
37 ℃、14.7%、1:6、IOT=9.02 g
酶时间/g、正己烷体系
DHA-MLCTs辛酸插入率55.8%碱液中和溶剂纯化,GCDelgado
等[62]
烧瓶微藻油+月桂酸Lipozyme AOAB865 ℃、12%、2.5 h、1:8,150 r/minMLCTs中LA30.91%,DHA44.68%碱中和溶剂纯化,HPLC-ELSDLi等[44]
烧瓶亚麻籽油+月桂酸Lipozyme AOAB844.6 ℃、9.11%、1 h、1:12MLCT得率65.53%,Ln-La型MLCTs得率26.75%分子蒸馏,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSHuang等[45]
烧瓶棕榈液油+辛酸Lipozyme TL IM50.0 ℃、10%、20 h、1:1MLCTs得率16.28%(ECN32)无,HPLC-RIDUtama
等[15,63]
三角瓶高油酸花生油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM45.8 ℃、11.97%、20 h、1:3.41,加水量11.85%辛酸插入率43.14%碱中和和尿素包合,GC马敏[42]
烧瓶高油酸花生油+癸酸Lipozyme RM IM、 Lipozyme
TL IM和NS40086复合酶
53.4 ℃、11%、19 h、1:10.5癸酸插入率57.64%碱中和纯化,GC张丽霞等[43]
烧瓶微藻油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM55 ℃、18%、6 h、1:3,氮气环境辛酸插入率27.53%,MLCTs得率55.35%无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSZou等[52]
离心管玉米油和辛酸NS4008640 ℃、12%,6 h、1:8,超声功率200 W,处理10 minMLCTs(MLM+MLL)得率89.50%分子蒸馏,UPLC-ELSDYue等[36−37]
圆柱玻璃反应器葡萄籽油+癸酸Lipozyme RM IM45 ℃、5%,24 h、1:2、400 r/min癸酸插入率34.53%无,GCBassan等[46]
烧瓶氢化大豆油+辛酸Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase60 ℃、15%、60 min、1:3辛酸插入率45.16%碱中和纯化,UPLC-ELSDKavadia
等[34]
烧瓶芒果籽油+癸酸Lipozyme IM55 ℃、10%、24 h、1:5、150 r/min,正己烷体系,MLCTs得率49.2%,癸酸插入率43.5%碱中和纯化,HPLC-RID和LC-MS/MSSneha等[47]
圆柱玻璃容器南瓜籽油+癸酸Lipozyme TL IM55 ℃、5%、48 h、1:2、150 r/min,正己烷体系癸酸插入率34.7%碱中和溶剂纯化,GCSousa等[48]
烧瓶富含ARA微生物油脂+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、6%、6 h、1:3、300 r/min辛酸插入率20.14%,MLCTs得率35.28%碱中和溶剂纯化,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSAbed等[53]
填充床芥菜籽油+辛酸/癸酸/月桂酸NS 43560 ℃、20 g脂肪酶、1:2,正己烷溶剂MCFAs插入率30%~33%水蒸汽脱酸,GCSengupta
等[64]
圆柱玻璃容器牛油果油+辛酸Lipozyme TL IM30 ℃、10%、24 h、1:2、400 r/min辛酸插入率29.2%无,GCCaballero
等[49]
烧瓶蓝莓籽油+月桂酸Lipozyme RM IM50 ℃、10%、4 h、1:5、200 r/min,正己烷月桂酸插入率43.3%碱中和溶剂纯化,GCGökçe等[50]
锥形瓶大豆油+月桂酸Lipozyme RM IM45 ℃、13%、24 h、1:6、180 r/min,正己烷月桂酸插入率29.26%碱中和溶剂纯化,GC王博等[35]
烧瓶菜籽油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM50~60 ℃、10%、15 h、1:4辛酸插入率44.27%碱中和溶剂纯化,UPLC-ELSDWang等[39]
烧瓶樟树籽油+油酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、12.5%、28 h、1:5油酸插入率59.68%,Sn-2-MCFAs78.69%,LML-MLCTs得率65.11%尿素包合法,HPLC-ELSDZou等[65]
圆柱形玻璃容器橄榄油+辛酸/癸酸Lipozyme RM IM
Novozym 435
45 ℃、5%、24 h、1:2,200 r/min辛酸插入率25.5%~25.7%,癸酸插入率27.1%~30.4%无,GCNunes等[66]
螺旋盖反应瓶肉桂籽油+油酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、10%、24 h、1:4,250 r/min,氮气环境MLCTs(OMO)得率64.45%柱层析纯化,UPLC-ELSD和HPLC-APCI-MSPeng等[51]
烧瓶单细胞油脂+癸酸NS4008660 ℃、6%、6 h、1:3,300 r/min癸酸插入率23.12%;
MLCTs得率67.10%
无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSAbed等[54]
锥形瓶玉米胚芽油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM50 ℃、12%、16 h、1:4,300 r/min辛酸插入率47.28%碱中和溶剂纯化,HPLC-ELSD王强等[38]
填充床菜籽油和辛酸Lipozyme IM60 ℃、10%、1:6、水分含量0.09%、流速4.6×10−5 m/s辛酸插入率71.5%~71.8%无,GCXu等[40]
填充床菜籽油和辛酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、10 g、2 h、1:4.5,水分含量0.15%MLM-MLCTs得率46.2%碱中和溶剂纯化,UPLC-ELSD潘向昆等[41]
酯化烧瓶微藻油+乙醇+辛酸Lipozyme TL IM微藻油+乙醇:25 ℃、10%,12 h、1:24、加水量5%,300 r/min;
2-MAG+辛酸:40 ℃、10%,24 h、1:4、300 r/min,正己烷体系
2-MAG得率31.44%~36.08%;
MLCTs得率90%,Ca-ω-3 PUFAs–Ca=40.58%
碱中和溶剂纯化;TLC-FIDHe等[12]
烧瓶辛酸+癸酸+油酸+甘油Novozymes 43590 ℃、4.80%、12.37 h、3:1、MCFA:LCFA=1.10:1,真空脱水MLCTs得率72.19%
MLCTs中辛酸、癸酸和油酸分别为24%,10%和66%
无,HPLC-ELSDYang等[18]
烧瓶辛酸+油酸+甘油Lipozyme RM IM70 ℃、10%、14 h、3.5:1、MCFA:LCFA=1:1,真空脱水MLCTs得率59.75%物理精炼(脱色脱臭),HPLC-ELSDKoh等[67]
玻璃反
应釜
混合油(微藻油、菜籽油、椰子油、棕榈油)+乙醇+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM和Lipozyme TL-IM混合油+乙醇:40 ℃、2.5%、5 h、1:3(m/m);2-MAG+辛酸:
35 ℃、10%、2 h、1:4,超声功率150 W,正己烷体系,分子筛除水
P-MLCTs得率85%、S-MLCTs得率85%、O-MLCTs得率53%、L-MLCTs得率46%、Ln-MLCTs得率38%柱层析纯化,HPLC-UVWang等[68]
玻璃管富含ARA微生物油脂+乙醇+辛酸Lipozyme 435和Lipozyme RM IM微生物油脂+乙醇:25 ℃、7.5%、3 h、1:3(m/m),350 r/min;
2-MAG+辛酸:25 ℃、8%、5 h、1:3,350 r/min,真空脱水
2-MAG得率81.72%;MLCTs得率93.60%,Ca-ARA-Ca得率40.43%碱中和溶剂纯化;HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MSJiang等[56]
锥形瓶樟树籽油+乙醇+油酸Lipozyme TL-IM和Lipozyme RM IM樟树籽油+乙醇:40 ℃、8%、24 h、2-MAG+油酸:1:4;45 ℃、10%、16 h、1:62-MAG得率38.82%;
MLCTs得率60.48%
分子蒸馏和柱层析,GC万正浩[69]
), ArticleFig(id=1321170523854324506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

国内外生物酶法合成MLCTs文献研究

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工艺反应器反应底物酶催化剂反应条件(温度、加酶量、时间和底物比等)产品指标纯化及分析方法参考文献
酯交换烧瓶鱼油+MCTLipozyme RM IM60 ℃、8%、6 h、1:3MLCTs得率(MML+MLL) 75%分子蒸馏,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSWang等[13]
烧瓶微藻油+MCTNS4008660 ℃、8%、8 h、1:1
氮气环境
MLCTs得率62.8%碱中和纯化,HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MSZou等[8]
烧瓶鱼油+MCT生物印迹脂肪酶70 ℃、4%、3 h、1:1.5
氮气环境
MLCTs得率56.19%碱中和纯化,HPLC-ELSDZou等[9]
烧瓶巴沙猫鱼油+椰子油NS4008665 ℃、10%、4 h、1:1MLCTs得率64.14%,MLL得率39.85%乙醇净化,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSYuan等[7]
烧瓶ARA真菌油+MCTLipozyme 43590 ℃、8%、3 h、1:1,500 r/minMLCTs得率53.75%碱液中和溶剂纯化,RP-HPLC-ELSDKorma等[33]
填充床大豆油+MCTLipozyme TL IM75 ℃、10.0%、MCT:大豆油=45:55、16 minMLCTs得率80.07%分子蒸馏和甲醇纯化,HPLC-ELSDZhang等[23]
填充床三辛酸甘油酯+棕榈液油Lipozyme TL IM50 ℃、4.5 g、15 min、1:1MLM-MLCTs得率16.75%无,HPLC-RIDUtama等[15]
烧瓶三辛酸甘油酯和亚油酸乙酯Talaromyces thermophilus lipase60 ℃、6%、6 h、1:6、200 r/minLML-MLCTs得率52.86%
纯化后85.24%
分子蒸馏,GCLian等[57]
锥形瓶樟树籽油+油茶
籽油
Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、10%、3 h、1:1.5、200 r/minMLCTs得率55.81%无,HPLC-ELSDZhao等[26]和Hu等[27]
烧瓶大豆油+MCTLipozyme 43590 ℃、8%、6 h、40:60、180 r/minMLCTs得率74.9%碱中和和柱层析纯化,HPLC-ELSDLu等[10]
搅拌釜棕榈油+棕榈仁油Lipozyme TLIM50 ℃、5%、7.26 h、10:90、350 r/minMLCTs得率61%分子蒸馏,HPLC-ELSDLee等[22]
烧瓶三辛酸甘油酯+亚麻籽油Lipozyme TLIM41.5~50.0 ℃、1.5%、4 h、1:5、260~300 r/min、正己烷无,MLCTs得率48.17%无,HPLC-ELSD和ACPI/MSKhodadadi等[25]
填充床大豆油+MCTLipozyme TL IM55 ℃、3 g脂肪酶、33.42 min、质量比50:50,物料流速
0.426 mL/min
无,酯交换程度59.18%无,HPLC-ELSDYang等[24]
烧瓶椰子油+高油酸菜籽油Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、12%、2 h、质量比50:50、水分活度0.07LML-MLCTs得率45.65%无,HPLC-ELSD和APCI-MSPeng等[11]
填充床鱼油+MCTLipozyme TL IM60 ℃、45 min无,酯交换度达到95%无,HPLC-ELSDXu等[58]
烧瓶高油酸葵花籽油+椰子油Lipozyme RM IM60.99 ℃、9.29%、6.21 h、6:4MLCTs得率75.98%无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS吴凡等[29]
烧瓶亚麻籽油+椰子油Lipozyme RM IM40 ℃、25 U g−1、10 h、1:1MLCTs得率76.59%、ALA-MLCTs得率45.03%无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSLiu等[17]
锥形瓶橡胶籽油+MCTNS4008640 ℃、7%、12 h、1:0.7MLCTs得率75.4%碱中和纯化,GCLiu等[59]
烧瓶油茶籽油+MCTLipozyme TLIM/RMIM复合酶55 ℃、6%、12 h、1:2MLCT得率70.32%无,HPLC-ELSDTian等[30]
烧瓶油茶籽油+MCTNS4008660 ℃、10%、2 h、1:1,皮克林乳液反应体系MLCTs得率77.5%无,HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MSDong等[31]
烧瓶油茶籽油+MCTLipozyme TL IM/RM IM复合酶1:255 ℃、6%、12 h、3:5(m/m)MLM-MLCTs得率52.71%无,HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-HESI-MS/MSHuang等[32]
烧瓶牡丹籽油+棕榈硬脂+椰子油Lipozyme TL IM60 ℃、5%、4 h、40:60:10(m/m/m)黄油替代型MLCTs得率11.38%无,LC-MSZhang等[6]
烧瓶椰子油+高油酸菜籽油Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、12%、2 h、1:1,aW0.07,250 r/minOMO-MLCTs得率45%,Sn-MCFA=43%无,HPLC-ELSD和 HPLC-APCI-MSPeng等[11]
锥形瓶椰子油+芝麻油Lipozyme RM IM57 ℃、0.2%、16 h、1:1(m/m),150 r/min,0.5%Tween 40酯交换度24.62%,MUFA:LCFA=1.47无,GCSivakanthan等[60]
反应釜OPO+OPL+椰子油NS4008665 ℃、8%、6 h、0.8:1,350 r/minMLCTs得率74.82%分子蒸馏,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS徐文迪[61]
锥形瓶樟树籽油+大豆油Lipozyme RM IM45 ℃、10%、20 h、1:1,加水量10%MLCTs得率55.1%碱液中和溶剂纯化,RP-UPLC-ELSD候俊青[28]
酸解烧瓶微藻油+辛酸Lipozyme
TL-IM、Lipozyme RM-IM
37 ℃、14.7%、1:6、IOT=9.02 g
酶时间/g、正己烷体系
DHA-MLCTs辛酸插入率55.8%碱液中和溶剂纯化,GCDelgado
等[62]
烧瓶微藻油+月桂酸Lipozyme AOAB865 ℃、12%、2.5 h、1:8,150 r/minMLCTs中LA30.91%,DHA44.68%碱中和溶剂纯化,HPLC-ELSDLi等[44]
烧瓶亚麻籽油+月桂酸Lipozyme AOAB844.6 ℃、9.11%、1 h、1:12MLCT得率65.53%,Ln-La型MLCTs得率26.75%分子蒸馏,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSHuang等[45]
烧瓶棕榈液油+辛酸Lipozyme TL IM50.0 ℃、10%、20 h、1:1MLCTs得率16.28%(ECN32)无,HPLC-RIDUtama
等[15,63]
三角瓶高油酸花生油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM45.8 ℃、11.97%、20 h、1:3.41,加水量11.85%辛酸插入率43.14%碱中和和尿素包合,GC马敏[42]
烧瓶高油酸花生油+癸酸Lipozyme RM IM、 Lipozyme
TL IM和NS40086复合酶
53.4 ℃、11%、19 h、1:10.5癸酸插入率57.64%碱中和纯化,GC张丽霞等[43]
烧瓶微藻油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM55 ℃、18%、6 h、1:3,氮气环境辛酸插入率27.53%,MLCTs得率55.35%无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSZou等[52]
离心管玉米油和辛酸NS4008640 ℃、12%,6 h、1:8,超声功率200 W,处理10 minMLCTs(MLM+MLL)得率89.50%分子蒸馏,UPLC-ELSDYue等[36−37]
圆柱玻璃反应器葡萄籽油+癸酸Lipozyme RM IM45 ℃、5%,24 h、1:2、400 r/min癸酸插入率34.53%无,GCBassan等[46]
烧瓶氢化大豆油+辛酸Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase60 ℃、15%、60 min、1:3辛酸插入率45.16%碱中和纯化,UPLC-ELSDKavadia
等[34]
烧瓶芒果籽油+癸酸Lipozyme IM55 ℃、10%、24 h、1:5、150 r/min,正己烷体系,MLCTs得率49.2%,癸酸插入率43.5%碱中和纯化,HPLC-RID和LC-MS/MSSneha等[47]
圆柱玻璃容器南瓜籽油+癸酸Lipozyme TL IM55 ℃、5%、48 h、1:2、150 r/min,正己烷体系癸酸插入率34.7%碱中和溶剂纯化,GCSousa等[48]
烧瓶富含ARA微生物油脂+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、6%、6 h、1:3、300 r/min辛酸插入率20.14%,MLCTs得率35.28%碱中和溶剂纯化,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSAbed等[53]
填充床芥菜籽油+辛酸/癸酸/月桂酸NS 43560 ℃、20 g脂肪酶、1:2,正己烷溶剂MCFAs插入率30%~33%水蒸汽脱酸,GCSengupta
等[64]
圆柱玻璃容器牛油果油+辛酸Lipozyme TL IM30 ℃、10%、24 h、1:2、400 r/min辛酸插入率29.2%无,GCCaballero
等[49]
烧瓶蓝莓籽油+月桂酸Lipozyme RM IM50 ℃、10%、4 h、1:5、200 r/min,正己烷月桂酸插入率43.3%碱中和溶剂纯化,GCGökçe等[50]
锥形瓶大豆油+月桂酸Lipozyme RM IM45 ℃、13%、24 h、1:6、180 r/min,正己烷月桂酸插入率29.26%碱中和溶剂纯化,GC王博等[35]
烧瓶菜籽油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM50~60 ℃、10%、15 h、1:4辛酸插入率44.27%碱中和溶剂纯化,UPLC-ELSDWang等[39]
烧瓶樟树籽油+油酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、12.5%、28 h、1:5油酸插入率59.68%,Sn-2-MCFAs78.69%,LML-MLCTs得率65.11%尿素包合法,HPLC-ELSDZou等[65]
圆柱形玻璃容器橄榄油+辛酸/癸酸Lipozyme RM IM
Novozym 435
45 ℃、5%、24 h、1:2,200 r/min辛酸插入率25.5%~25.7%,癸酸插入率27.1%~30.4%无,GCNunes等[66]
螺旋盖反应瓶肉桂籽油+油酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、10%、24 h、1:4,250 r/min,氮气环境MLCTs(OMO)得率64.45%柱层析纯化,UPLC-ELSD和HPLC-APCI-MSPeng等[51]
烧瓶单细胞油脂+癸酸NS4008660 ℃、6%、6 h、1:3,300 r/min癸酸插入率23.12%;
MLCTs得率67.10%
无,UPLC-Q-TOF-MSAbed等[54]
锥形瓶玉米胚芽油+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM50 ℃、12%、16 h、1:4,300 r/min辛酸插入率47.28%碱中和溶剂纯化,HPLC-ELSD王强等[38]
填充床菜籽油和辛酸Lipozyme IM60 ℃、10%、1:6、水分含量0.09%、流速4.6×10−5 m/s辛酸插入率71.5%~71.8%无,GCXu等[40]
填充床菜籽油和辛酸Lipozyme RM IM60 ℃、10 g、2 h、1:4.5,水分含量0.15%MLM-MLCTs得率46.2%碱中和溶剂纯化,UPLC-ELSD潘向昆等[41]
酯化烧瓶微藻油+乙醇+辛酸Lipozyme TL IM微藻油+乙醇:25 ℃、10%,12 h、1:24、加水量5%,300 r/min;
2-MAG+辛酸:40 ℃、10%,24 h、1:4、300 r/min,正己烷体系
2-MAG得率31.44%~36.08%;
MLCTs得率90%,Ca-ω-3 PUFAs–Ca=40.58%
碱中和溶剂纯化;TLC-FIDHe等[12]
烧瓶辛酸+癸酸+油酸+甘油Novozymes 43590 ℃、4.80%、12.37 h、3:1、MCFA:LCFA=1.10:1,真空脱水MLCTs得率72.19%
MLCTs中辛酸、癸酸和油酸分别为24%,10%和66%
无,HPLC-ELSDYang等[18]
烧瓶辛酸+油酸+甘油Lipozyme RM IM70 ℃、10%、14 h、3.5:1、MCFA:LCFA=1:1,真空脱水MLCTs得率59.75%物理精炼(脱色脱臭),HPLC-ELSDKoh等[67]
玻璃反
应釜
混合油(微藻油、菜籽油、椰子油、棕榈油)+乙醇+辛酸Lipozyme RM IM和Lipozyme TL-IM混合油+乙醇:40 ℃、2.5%、5 h、1:3(m/m);2-MAG+辛酸:
35 ℃、10%、2 h、1:4,超声功率150 W,正己烷体系,分子筛除水
P-MLCTs得率85%、S-MLCTs得率85%、O-MLCTs得率53%、L-MLCTs得率46%、Ln-MLCTs得率38%柱层析纯化,HPLC-UVWang等[68]
玻璃管富含ARA微生物油脂+乙醇+辛酸Lipozyme 435和Lipozyme RM IM微生物油脂+乙醇:25 ℃、7.5%、3 h、1:3(m/m),350 r/min;
2-MAG+辛酸:25 ℃、8%、5 h、1:3,350 r/min,真空脱水
2-MAG得率81.72%;MLCTs得率93.60%,Ca-ARA-Ca得率40.43%碱中和溶剂纯化;HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MSJiang等[56]
锥形瓶樟树籽油+乙醇+油酸Lipozyme TL-IM和Lipozyme RM IM樟树籽油+乙醇:40 ℃、8%、24 h、2-MAG+油酸:1:4;45 ℃、10%、16 h、1:62-MAG得率38.82%;
MLCTs得率60.48%
分子蒸馏和柱层析,GC万正浩[69]
), ArticleFig(id=1321170523938210587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Patent status of MLCTs synthesis process at home and abroad

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专利号专利名称单位技术要点产品指标参考文献
CN201911095355.2一种在反胶束酶体系中合成中长链甘油三酯的方法南昌大学樟树籽油+菜籽油;反胶束酶体系;分子蒸馏MLCTs含量74.39%~92.40%邓泽元等[83]
CN202210183617.6一种酶法制备中长碳链甘油三酯的方法江南大学天然油脂+乙醇+癸酸乙烯酯;酶法醇解+酶法酯化MLL得率87.6%王小三等[84]
CN202110472560.7一种酶法制备富含中长碳链甘油三酯的火锅底料油脂的方法江南大学;广汉市迈德乐食品有限公司中碳链甘油三酯+长碳链甘油三酯;酶催化酯交换MLCTs含量59.20%~70.30%王兴国等[85]
CN202011356514.2一种用于母乳替代脂的中长碳链甘油三酯及其制备方法江南大学富含OPL/OPO的鱼油+富含MCFA油脂;酶催化酸解MLCTs含量50.42%~70.33%王小三等[86]
CN202010198634.8一种含多不饱和脂肪酸的中长碳链甘油三酯的制备方法及其产品伽力森食品生物科技(江苏)有限公司PUFA-油脂+乙醇+MCFA;酶法醇解+酶法酯化;间歇式反应器Sn-2-PUFA≥70%,MLM-MLCTs≥85%邹孝强等[87]
CN202010139402.5一种富含α-亚麻酸优质中长碳链结构甘油三酯的制备方法和产品江南大学MCT+精炼亚麻籽油;化学酯交换MLCTs 40%~75%,α-亚麻酸20%~40%黄健花等[88]
CN201910311784.2一种中长碳链甘油三酯的油脂组合物及其制备方法江南大学富含中碳链甘油三酯+长碳链甘油三酯的油脂;酶法酯交换;玻璃反应釜LaPO10%~45%
LaOO5%~25%
LaOL5%~20%
王兴国等[89]
CN201510540665.6一种利用填充床反应器制备中长链甘油三酯暨南大学MCT+大豆油或葵花油;酶法酯交换;固定床;乙醇-减压蒸馏MLCTs≥70%
酶循环20次
汪勇等[81]
CN201210571974.6一种含中长碳链甘油三酯的油脂组合物及其制备方法中粮营养健康研究院有限公司;中粮集团有限公司MCT+富含长碳链甘油三酯的油脂;化学酯交换MLL得率15%~40%;MMM%<2%陆健等[90]
CN201811316699.7一种高纯度中长链脂肪酸油脂的制备方法河北康睿达脂质有限公司MCT+LCT;酶法酯交换;固定床;水蒸气蒸馏MLCTs30-95%
MCFA12%-60%
刘宪军等[82]
CN201510606202.5中长链脂肪酸油脂的制备方法河南工业大学MCFA+食用油;化学催化酸解;烧瓶;乙醇纯化MCFA结
合率80.5%
谢文磊等[91]
CN201711336904.1一种混合催化合成中长链结构甘油三酯的方法广州白云山汉方现代药业有限公司MCT+长碳链
甘油三酯;脂肪酶+酸饱和氧化铝;密闭容器
MLCTs78.15%,DAG6.72%蔡鸿飞等[92]
CN201410638705.6油脂组合物以及油脂组合物的
制备方法
丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司植物油脂+MCT;脂肪酶;
脱色和脱臭
MLCTs70%~98%杨武林等[93]
CN201110052579.2一种中/长链结构甘油三酯的
合成方法
四川国瑞药业有限责任公司
江南大学
MCT+LCT;化学酯交换;
水洗离心干燥
MLCTs70%~80%,王兴国等[94]
CN201010104448.X一种茶油酶催化改性制备功能性油脂的方法国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院MCFA+茶油;酶催化酸解;固定床;分子蒸馏辛酸插入率45%,酶循环利用1.5个月王瑛瑶等[80]
US6369252B1Structured lipidUNIV GEORGIA癸酸和三油酸甘油酯;酶法酸解;具塞试管;正己烷溶剂体系;
柱层析
癸酸插入率31.6%Akoh等[95]
US8158184B2Structured lipid containing compositions and methods with health and nutrition promoting characteristicsBunge Oils, Inc.MCT+植物油;化学酯交换;具备加热、搅拌和真空装置的反应器;柠檬酸终止反应;脱色MCFAs插入率35.95%Nakhasi等[96]
US8486478Structured lipid compositionInternational Great Brands LLC三丁酸甘油酯+全氢化大豆油;化学酯交换;分子蒸馏LLS56%,LSL28%, LSS11.5%,SLS5%Klemann等[97]
), ArticleFig(id=1321170524026290972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

国内外MLCTs合成工艺专利现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专利号专利名称单位技术要点产品指标参考文献
CN201911095355.2一种在反胶束酶体系中合成中长链甘油三酯的方法南昌大学樟树籽油+菜籽油;反胶束酶体系;分子蒸馏MLCTs含量74.39%~92.40%邓泽元等[83]
CN202210183617.6一种酶法制备中长碳链甘油三酯的方法江南大学天然油脂+乙醇+癸酸乙烯酯;酶法醇解+酶法酯化MLL得率87.6%王小三等[84]
CN202110472560.7一种酶法制备富含中长碳链甘油三酯的火锅底料油脂的方法江南大学;广汉市迈德乐食品有限公司中碳链甘油三酯+长碳链甘油三酯;酶催化酯交换MLCTs含量59.20%~70.30%王兴国等[85]
CN202011356514.2一种用于母乳替代脂的中长碳链甘油三酯及其制备方法江南大学富含OPL/OPO的鱼油+富含MCFA油脂;酶催化酸解MLCTs含量50.42%~70.33%王小三等[86]
CN202010198634.8一种含多不饱和脂肪酸的中长碳链甘油三酯的制备方法及其产品伽力森食品生物科技(江苏)有限公司PUFA-油脂+乙醇+MCFA;酶法醇解+酶法酯化;间歇式反应器Sn-2-PUFA≥70%,MLM-MLCTs≥85%邹孝强等[87]
CN202010139402.5一种富含α-亚麻酸优质中长碳链结构甘油三酯的制备方法和产品江南大学MCT+精炼亚麻籽油;化学酯交换MLCTs 40%~75%,α-亚麻酸20%~40%黄健花等[88]
CN201910311784.2一种中长碳链甘油三酯的油脂组合物及其制备方法江南大学富含中碳链甘油三酯+长碳链甘油三酯的油脂;酶法酯交换;玻璃反应釜LaPO10%~45%
LaOO5%~25%
LaOL5%~20%
王兴国等[89]
CN201510540665.6一种利用填充床反应器制备中长链甘油三酯暨南大学MCT+大豆油或葵花油;酶法酯交换;固定床;乙醇-减压蒸馏MLCTs≥70%
酶循环20次
汪勇等[81]
CN201210571974.6一种含中长碳链甘油三酯的油脂组合物及其制备方法中粮营养健康研究院有限公司;中粮集团有限公司MCT+富含长碳链甘油三酯的油脂;化学酯交换MLL得率15%~40%;MMM%<2%陆健等[90]
CN201811316699.7一种高纯度中长链脂肪酸油脂的制备方法河北康睿达脂质有限公司MCT+LCT;酶法酯交换;固定床;水蒸气蒸馏MLCTs30-95%
MCFA12%-60%
刘宪军等[82]
CN201510606202.5中长链脂肪酸油脂的制备方法河南工业大学MCFA+食用油;化学催化酸解;烧瓶;乙醇纯化MCFA结
合率80.5%
谢文磊等[91]
CN201711336904.1一种混合催化合成中长链结构甘油三酯的方法广州白云山汉方现代药业有限公司MCT+长碳链
甘油三酯;脂肪酶+酸饱和氧化铝;密闭容器
MLCTs78.15%,DAG6.72%蔡鸿飞等[92]
CN201410638705.6油脂组合物以及油脂组合物的
制备方法
丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司植物油脂+MCT;脂肪酶;
脱色和脱臭
MLCTs70%~98%杨武林等[93]
CN201110052579.2一种中/长链结构甘油三酯的
合成方法
四川国瑞药业有限责任公司
江南大学
MCT+LCT;化学酯交换;
水洗离心干燥
MLCTs70%~80%,王兴国等[94]
CN201010104448.X一种茶油酶催化改性制备功能性油脂的方法国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院MCFA+茶油;酶催化酸解;固定床;分子蒸馏辛酸插入率45%,酶循环利用1.5个月王瑛瑶等[80]
US6369252B1Structured lipidUNIV GEORGIA癸酸和三油酸甘油酯;酶法酸解;具塞试管;正己烷溶剂体系;
柱层析
癸酸插入率31.6%Akoh等[95]
US8158184B2Structured lipid containing compositions and methods with health and nutrition promoting characteristicsBunge Oils, Inc.MCT+植物油;化学酯交换;具备加热、搅拌和真空装置的反应器;柠檬酸终止反应;脱色MCFAs插入率35.95%Nakhasi等[96]
US8486478Structured lipid compositionInternational Great Brands LLC三丁酸甘油酯+全氢化大豆油;化学酯交换;分子蒸馏LLS56%,LSL28%, LSS11.5%,SLS5%Klemann等[97]
), ArticleFig(id=1321170524118565661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Research status of MLCTs products at home and abroad

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品牌产品厂家制备工艺市场规模国家
日清MLCTs日清奥利友酯交换3600万美元日本
轻怡MLCTs益海嘉里物理混合刚上市中国
NuliGoMLCTsBunge Loders Croklaan酯交换暂未上市美国
KonridaMLCTs康睿达酯交换150万美元中国
力文MLCTs费卡华瑞酯化&酸解4.2亿美元中德合资
), ArticleFig(id=1321170524189868830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170515406996183, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

国内外主要的MLCTs产品研究现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品牌产品厂家制备工艺市场规模国家
日清MLCTs日清奥利友酯交换3600万美元日本
轻怡MLCTs益海嘉里物理混合刚上市中国
NuliGoMLCTsBunge Loders Croklaan酯交换暂未上市美国
KonridaMLCTs康睿达酯交换150万美元中国
力文MLCTs费卡华瑞酯化&酸解4.2亿美元中德合资
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中长碳链甘三酯产业化发展研究进展
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杨剀舟 1 , 魏征 1 , 朱建宇 2 , 段章群 1, * , 薛雅琳 1
食品工业科技 | 专题综述 2026,47(3): 484-497
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食品工业科技 |专题综述 2026 , 47 (3) : 484 -497
中长碳链甘三酯产业化发展研究进展
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杨剀舟1 , 魏征1, 朱建宇2, 段章群1, * , 薛雅琳1
作者信息
  • 1国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮油加工研究所,北京 102209
  • 2黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
段章群(1981−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:油脂化学与加工技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨剀舟(1986−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:油脂精深加工与产业化,E-mail:

Research Progress on Industrialization Development of Medium and Long Chain Triglycerides
Kaizhou YANG1 , Zheng WEI1, Jianyu ZHU2, Zhangqun DUAN1, * , Yalin XUE1
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Cereal & Oil Science and Technology, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 102209, China
  • 2College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010257
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中长碳链甘三酯(MLCTs)是一类甘油三酯分子同时含有中碳链脂肪酸(MCFAs)和长碳链脂肪酸(LCFAs)且具有特殊理化性质和营养功能的结构脂质。从2002年日本日清奥利友株式会社推出第一款中长碳链甘三酯食用油及相关产品专利以来,中长碳链甘三酯产业经历了20多年的发展历程,近年来中长碳链甘三酯在特医食品、医药保健品、母乳脂、替代传统脂肪等行业的需求不断增加。本文对近年来国内外对于中长碳链甘三酯的合成工艺、分离纯化、反应设备、标准专利、产品和应用等领域的研究进展进行了概括总结,以期为国内中长碳链甘三酯产业的高质量发展提供一定的技术参考。

中长碳链甘三酯  /  合成工艺  /  反应装备  /  分离纯化  /  检测分析  /  产业化

Medium and long chain triglycerides (MLCTs) are a kind of structured lipids with special physical and chemical properties and nutritional functions, which contain both medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Since the first patent of MLCTs edible oil and related products are launched by Nisshin OilliO Corporation in Japan in 2002. The MLCTs industry has undergone a transformative developmental history over two decades. The acidolysis process is applicable for the production of MLCTs products with relatively high added value. Composite enzyme design and novel reaction systems including the reverse micelles and the Pickering emulsions have gained significant research attention as emerging approaches. Fixed-bed reactors currently represent the most promising enzymatic equipment for the synthesis of industrial-scale MLCTs, though intensified investigations on industry implementation are still required. Molecular distillation demonstrates superior separation efficiency and product purity, positioning it as the most industrially viable purification technology, but its widespread application necessitates technological advancements to address inherent limitations of high capital investment and energy intensity. While conventional analytical methodologies including gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) remain practically effective, future efforts shall prioritize establishing the triacylglycerols molecular databases for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to achieve precise qualitative and quantitative analysis of triglycerides isomers. Standardization works urgently require the establishment of authoritative national standards and certified analytical protocols to regulate MLCTs industry development. From the perspectives of the products and applications, strategic priorities shall encompass 1) the market education and promotion activities, 2) the innovative product development and application, 3) studying on the interaction mechanisms of nutrient substances, and 4) the fundamental research in the metabolic pathway. These efforts will establish a robust scientific foundation for advancing the commercialization and application of MLCTs products in the food industry.

medium and long-chain triglycerides (MLCTs)  /  synthesis process  /  reaction equipments  /  separation and purification  /  detection and analysis  /  industrialization
杨剀舟, 魏征, 朱建宇, 段章群, 薛雅琳. 中长碳链甘三酯产业化发展研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 484 -497 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010257
Kaizhou YANG, Zheng WEI, Jianyu ZHU, Zhangqun DUAN, Yalin XUE. Research Progress on Industrialization Development of Medium and Long Chain Triglycerides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 484 -497 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010257
随着社会经济水平的提升,公众对于食用油的健康效益及其营养价值的关注度正逐渐上升。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中要求[1],针对关键区域和特定人群实施营养干预措施,以解决部分人群摄入油脂过量等高热量食物的问题,逐步改善居民面临的营养不足与过剩并存的状况。中国科学技术协会在《2022-2023粮油科学技术学科发展报告》中也指出,推进油脂加工核心向定制化、精准化、个性化方向发展,大力开发适合不同消费群体的功能性油脂[2]。
中长碳链甘三酯(MLCTs)是一类甘油三酯分子同时含有中碳链脂肪酸和长碳链脂肪酸的结构脂质,能从分子层面用中碳链脂肪酸代替部分长碳链脂肪酸,降低长碳链脂肪的过度摄入,快速提供能量以及人体必需脂肪酸,实现Sn-2位特殊脂肪酸递送以及抑制甘油三酯体内蓄积。MLCTs能够满足不同消费群体的个性化和特殊化需求,具有提高免疫力、降低炎症反应、降低糖尿病和心血管疾病,以及降低癌症发生风险等诸多保健功能[3]。MLCTs目前主要有4种产物形式,分别是中-长-中型(MLM)、长-中-长型(LML)、中-中-长型(MML)和长-长-中型(LLM),目前主流的是MLM和LML[4]。MLCTs中的LCFA可以提供足够的能量和维持身体正常生理功能所必需的脂肪酸,普通膳食摄入的LCFA代谢速率较慢,需要循环回到肠道淋巴管,并作为乳糜微粒运输到系统循环,然后被氧化释放能量。MLCTs中的MCFA由于体积小和溶解度大,可迅速吸收和代谢,然后经门静脉循环直接转运到肝脏进行β氧化过程产生酮类,从而快速提供能量,转运和代谢过程如图1所示[5]。
MLCTs以其独特的理化性质和生理功能广泛应用于食品[6−8]、医药[9−12]、临床营养[13]等领域。在食品行业,可用于做替代传统脂肪[14−16]如食用油、起酥油、黄油等,也可作为母乳替代脂补充婴儿必需营养[7],也可作为功能食品[17]为运动员或体育爱好者快速提供能量;在医药行业,MLCTs可以作为脂肪乳剂为糖尿病、体弱婴幼儿等临床患者提供肠外营养支持[10,13,18]。由于天然油脂中MLCTs含量较低,MLCTs一般通过化学法或酶法进行合成,化学法一般采用碱金属、强酸等作为催化剂,虽反应迅速,但反应随机性强,产品纯度不高,同时过程耗能高,会产生大量废水[19]。酶法具有反应条件温和、产品纯度高、副产物少、绿色安全等优点,逐渐成为近年来产业化合成工艺的发展趋势,但存在生产成本高和酶易失活等产业化问题[20]。随着生物技术的发展,合成生物学[21]开始应用于MLCTs的合成上。与国外相比,我国对于MLCTs的研究相对起步较晚,但发展迅速,从原先的引进吸收转化到近年来在基础研究、设备研发、专利申请以及产品开发上都取得了较大的进步。本文综述了近年来国内外对于中长碳链甘三酯的酶法合成工艺、反应装备、分离纯化、标准和专利、产品以及应用等领域的研究进展,以期为国内中长碳链甘三酯产业的高质量发展提供一定的技术参考。
常见的MLCTs酶法合成工艺如图2所示,主要是酯交换、酸解和酯化3种。表1分别从反应器、反应底物、酶催化剂、反应条件、产品指标、纯化及分析方法等方面汇总了国内外近年来典型MLCTs酶法合成工艺研究。
MLCTs酶法催化合成工艺主要是酯交换工艺和酸解工艺。酯交换工艺目前研究中多采用植物油脂如棕榈油[22]、大豆油[10,23−24]和亚麻籽油[17,25]与中碳链甘油三酯(MCT)或富含MCT的油脂如樟树籽油[26−28]和椰子油[7,11,29]等作为底物。随着我国木本油料产业发展和国家蓝色粮仓战略的实施,油茶籽油[30−32]、牡丹籽油[6]以及富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的鱼油[13]、藻油[8]和微生物油脂[33]等高品质食用油也开始用于合成MLCTs中。酯交换法反应速度快,副产物少,但是产物成分复杂,包括MML、MLM、LLM、LML等,很难获得特定构型的MLCTs产品,目前主要应用在替代传统脂肪如食用油和特种用油如起酥油和黄油等制备上,也可用作制备母乳替代脂补充婴儿必需营养。Zhang等[6]采用Lipozyme TL IM 催化牡丹籽油、棕榈硬脂和椰子油酯交换合成零反式脂肪和含有α-亚麻酸的功能性人造黄油,MLCTs总量从2.92%提高到11.38%。Zou等[8]采用NS40086催化富含DHA的微藻油和MCT酯交换合成婴儿奶粉的中MLCTs配料,MLCTs得率62.8%,大大提高DHA的生物利用度。脂肪酶主要以Lipozyme TL IM(9篇)、Lipozyme RM IM(10篇)和NS40086(5篇)等,近年来有学者[30]采用复合酶如Lipozyme TLIM/RMIM用于油茶籽油与MCT酯交换反应中,MLCTs得率达到70.32%,MLM-MLCTs得率达到52.71%,同时采用生物印记制备的脂肪酶[9]也开始应用于MLCTs的合成中。生物印迹是一种通过模拟抗原-抗体间相互作用来专一性识别目标分析物的技术,进而提高脂肪酶催化活性和选择性。Zou等[9]采用脂肪酸作为印记分子模版对Lipozyme RM IM制备生物印记脂肪酶,催化鱼油和MCT反应酯交换效率是未生物印记酶的1.47倍,催化富含DHA的单细胞油脂和辛酸酸解反应效率是未生物印记酶的2.17倍。酯交换法一般采用无溶剂体系,Dong等[31]采用皮克林乳液界面催化体系(PE)对进行了探索,发现PE体系展现出卓越的催化效率,30 min内MLCTs得率达到77.5%,比无溶剂体系高出26%,具有较好的应用潜力。
酸解工艺是目前研究中采用的主流工艺,一般采用植物油脂如大豆油[34−35]、玉米油[36−38]、菜籽油[39−41]和高油酸花生油[42−43]等油酸、亚油酸含量高的油脂与辛酸/癸酸为底物,也有学者[44−45]采用月桂酸作为酰基供体进行合成。近年来富含PUFA的小品种特色油料如亚麻籽油[45]、葡萄籽油[46]、芒果籽油[47]、南瓜籽油[48]、牛油果油[49]、蓝莓籽油[50]和肉桂籽油[51]等、以及微藻油[52]和微生物油脂[53−54]等酸解合成MLCTs逐渐成为研究的热点。酸解反应一般用于纯度较高和高附加值MLM和LML型MLCTs的合成,多应用在医药行业如脂肪乳剂和运动营养领域如功能性饮料,为糖尿病、体弱婴幼儿等临床患者和运动人士提供肠外营养和快速供能支持。酸解反应中存在过量的游离脂肪酸,反应过程也会置换下来新的脂肪酸,反应时间相对较长,产物也需要耗费大量资源和能源来分离游离脂肪酸制备高纯度MLCTs产品,同时过量的脂肪酸也会导致体系pH降低,影响酶的催化效率。Huang等[45]采用Lipozyme AOAB8脂肪酶催化亚麻籽油和月桂酸酸解反应制备富含亚麻酸型的功能性油脂,MLCTs得率65.53%,其中亚麻酸(Ln)-月桂酸(La)型MLCTs得率26.75%。Peng等[51]在氮气环境下采用Lipozyme RM IM催化肉桂籽油和油酸酸解反应合成MLCTs,油酸-中碳链脂肪酸-油酸(OMO)型MLCTs得率64.45%,同样Zou等[55]采用Lipozyme RM IM催化樟树籽油和油酸酸解制备的产品纯化后LML-MLCTs得率65.11%。Abed等[54]采用NS40086催化富含ARA的单细胞油脂和癸酸酸解合成MLCTs,癸酸插入率23.12%,MLCT得率67.10%。酸解反应脂肪酶主要以Lipozyme RM IM(14篇)、Lipozyme TL IM(5篇)和NS40086(3篇)为主,辛酸或癸酸的插入率为23.12%~71.80%,MLCTs的得率16.28%~67.10%。近年来,有学者尝试用复合酶用于酸解反应合成MLCTs,张丽霞等[43]采用Lipozyme RM IM、Lipozyme TL IM和NS40086复合酶(8:3:14)催化高油酸花生油和癸酸酸解制备高值化花生油MLCTs,癸酸插入率57.64%,Sn-2位油酸含量为75.13%,Sn-1,3位癸酸含量达到77.65%。酸解工艺相比较于酯交换工艺,脂肪酸的熔点以及黏度会降低底物与酶之间的传质效率,因此溶剂体系在酸解工艺中应用相对较多。Sousa等[48]研究了正己烷溶剂体系和无溶剂体系下Lipozyme TL IM催化南瓜籽油和癸酸酸解制备MLCTs,发现反应48 h溶剂体系下癸酸的插入率比无溶剂体系提高了18%。
酯化工艺一般常用于高纯度MLCTs的合成,如肠外营养支持产品结构脂肪乳剂、Sn-2脂肪酸靶向药物等制备,主要分为两步法和直接酯化法。两步法是油脂首先醇解生成2-MAG,2-MAG再与中碳链脂肪酸或长碳链脂肪酸酯化合成MLCTs;直接酯化法是中长碳链脂肪酸混合物与甘油直接酯化合成。由于反应需要较高的反应温度(70~90 ℃)和真空条件,反应生成的水需要及时脱除,反应步骤较繁琐,目前研究文献较少(6篇)。脂肪酶一般采用Lipozyme TL-IM(3篇)、Lipozyme RM IM(4篇)、Novozym 435(2篇),多采用无溶剂体系,MLCTs得率在70%以上。Jiang等[56]采用Lipozyme 435室温下乙醇解富含ARA微生物油脂合成2-MAG,2-MAG得率81.72%,然后采用Lipozyme RM IM室温催化2-MAG和辛酸酯化,纯化后MLCTs得率93.60%,CA-ARA-CA得率40.43%。Yang等[18]在真空条件下采用Novozym 435脂肪酶催化辛酸、癸酸、油酸混合物和甘油酯化合成结构脂肪乳基料油,纯化后MLCTs得率72.19%,MLCTs中辛酸、癸酸和油酸分别为24%、10%和66%,循环利用14次,酶活性无显著下降。
目前,国内外对于酶法合成MLCTs的反应装备主要分为4种,示意图如图3所示[4]。第一种主要存在于实验室小批量间歇式阶段,采用的反应器95%以上为间歇式搅拌反应设备如烧瓶[13]、圆柱形玻璃反应器[46,48,49,66]、搅拌罐[22]、反应釜[68]等,该类反应器可实现固定化酶周期性回收,但由于搅拌桨剪切力大,易打破酶颗粒导致酶失活,从而降低效率,大大限制了工业化连续生产,也有报道[70]对酶进行溶剂激活处理,但是效果并不明显。
第二种采用的反应器为填充床或固定床,该类反应器目前广泛应用在工业规模的固液界面非均相催化系统中,具有设计简单、效率高、固定化酶稳定性好、反应条件温和、可回收性高等优点[15,23,24,41],是一种最有希望实现工业化酶法制备MLCTs的反应装备,但是目前产业化应用研究相对较少[58,64]。Xu等[40]首次在研究中采用固定床酶反应柱对酶法催化酸解反应和酯交换反应[58]制备MLCTs,并对固定床的基础理论进行了研究[40,72],发现孔隙率取决于酶柱的填充方法和底物与酶的溶解度;反应时间越长,酰基位移相对越高;内传质对于酶柱的效率影响较大(推荐流速4.6×10−5 m/s);一定水分含量可恢复酶的活度(从0.03%增加到0.09%);酶床顶部可增加柔性层来减小压降,为后期产业化应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。Yang等[24]采用固定床反应器(ID 1.15 mm,长20 cm)对Lipozyme TL IM大豆油和MCT酯交换制备MLCTs,3 g脂肪酶,在物料流速0.426 mL/min下,144 h左右酶活降低为0,MLCTs得率高达94%。Zhang等[23]采用填充量5 kg的中试固定床(ID 60 mm,长48 cm)对Lipozyme TL IM催化大豆油和MCT酯交换制备MLCTs研究发现,在孔隙率0.76±0.01、物料流速90 mL/min(保留时间16 min)、反应温度75 ℃、酶质量783.0 g、MCT和大豆油底物质量比45:55条件下,MLCTs粗产品得率76.61%,分子蒸馏和甲醇净化后,MLCTs得率80.07%,Sn-2饱和酸含量为82.74%,酶循环利用25次后MLCTs粗产品得率依然维持在75%左右,可实现100 kg/d的MLCTs生产量,将MLCTs的酶法酯交换合成工艺逐渐推向产业化,反应装备如图4所示。Sengupta等[64]采用填充床反应器(ID 10 mm,长50 cm)对NS 435催化芥籽油与辛酸/癸酸/月桂酸混合物酸解反应发现,在少许溶剂体系下,20 g脂肪酶,物料流速0.27 mL/min,6 h收集100 mL MLCTs产品,MCFAs插入率30%~33%,后期需要进一步放大实验探索酶法酸解产业化合成MLCTs的可行性。
微流体反应器属于较小尺度的固定床,以其较小的尺寸、较大的表面体积比和明确定义的反应时间使得固定在微流体反应器中的酶可以表现出更快速的反应速度和更高的稳定性。Li等[73]采用微流体酶反应器(含填充床反应器)对Lipozyme RM IM催化桑葚油和α-亚麻酸酸解反应发现,加酶量1/3 g/cm3,物料流速2 μL/min,Lipozyme RM IM在微反应器中的活性在18次运行后仍然保持在大约80%,最高Ln插入率为42%,而在批式反应器中,Lipozyme RM IM在8次运行后仅保持了大约90%,反应装备设计图如图5所示,目前微流体反应器在MLCTs合成工艺研究中还未见报道。
第三种采用的反应器为泡泡(N2)柱反应器,主要是解决反应体系高黏度或反应物不相溶,具有传热传质效率好,酶载体破坏低,催化剂耐久性高,特别适用于异相体系和放热反应如DAG酯化反应等[71],目前在MLCTs酶法制备中未见报道,对于酯化工艺合成MLCTs具有很好的应用前景。
第四种采用反应器为板框式过滤器,板框起到固定负载酶和过滤的作用,这种反应器一般适用于粉末化酶的催化反应,目前只在部分企业中使用,如中粮日清(大连)等。
酶法制备MLCTs过程中常见的副产物主要有游离脂肪酸、甘一酯和甘二酯,为了得到理想的产物,需要对反应粗产品分离纯化进行精制,目前主要的分离纯化方法有碱炼脱酸[44−56]、分子蒸馏[23,45,57,69]和柱层析[10,51]。为了获取更高纯度产品,溶剂结晶法[56]和尿素包合法[65]也在研究中使用。
碱炼脱酸是目前实验室研究中常用的脱酸方法,主要是利用酸碱中和原理达到脱酸的目的。酸解工艺和酯化工艺中脂肪酸都过量,一般常用碱炼脱酸法脱除过多的脂肪酸。Li等[44]将微藻油和月桂酸酸解反应的产物与正己烷、95%乙醇和0.8 mol/L的氢氧化钾(30%乙醇)混合脱除多余的脂肪酸,然后旋蒸得到含有MLCTs的甘油酯混合物。Jiang等[56]将醇解制备的2-MAG混合物与乙腈水(95:5)混合脱除乙酯,然后与三氯甲烷和乙醇水溶液(9:1)混合脱除甘油,2-MAG与辛酸反应后的混合物与正己烷、0.8 mol/L的氢氧化钾(30%乙醇)混合脱除多余的脂肪酸。碱炼脱酸法简便易行,应用范围广,但工业化生产会造成脂肪酸的浪费和产生大量的含皂废水。
分子蒸馏是一种在高真空条件下根据不同物质分子平均自由程的差异实现物质分离的方法。分子蒸馏不仅可以脱除游离脂肪酸,也可以对甘一酯、甘二酯和甘三酯进行分离纯化。Zhang等[23]对大豆油和MCT酯交换后的MLCTs采用分子蒸馏脱酸,酸价从9.47 mg KOH/g降低到0.48 mg KOH/g,加入甲醇脱除MCT、甘一酯和甘二酯,产品中MLCTs达到80.07%。Lian等[57]通过二级短程分子蒸馏对三辛酸甘油酯和亚油酸乙酯酯交换粗产品中MLL型MLCTs进行富集纯化,三辛酸甘油酯含量从5.67%降低到0.97%,MML型MLCTs从33.01%降低到1.34%,MLL型MLCTs从53.19%升高到85.24%,三亚油酸甘油酯从8.13%增加到12.44%。Huang等[45]对亚麻籽油和月桂酸酶法酸解后的产物进行分子蒸馏纯化,MLCTs含量为40.82%,其中同时含有月桂酸和亚麻酸的MLCTs含量为26.75%。万正浩[69]采用二级分子蒸馏法纯化樟树籽油醇解反应产物,经过二级蒸馏得到的2-MAG纯度高于96%,后续可用于合成高纯度的MLCTs产品。分子蒸馏分离效果好,产品纯度高,目前已经在甘二酯行业得到一定的应用[74],由于设备投资较大,耗能较高,在MLCTs工业化生产领域还未见报道,需要进一步加大技术研发。
柱层析法是根据物质在硅胶或氧化铝上吸附能力不同而实现分离。Lu等[10]首先采用酸碱中和法对大豆油和MCT酯交换的产物进行脱酸,然后采用硅胶吸附层析法脱除甘二酯和降低过氧化值,以正己烷为洗脱剂精制MLCTs粗产品,纯化后产品中MLCTs含量为75.10%,酸价降低到0.11 mg KOH/g,过氧化值降低到1.5 mmol/kg,甘二酯含量降低到1.2%。Peng等[51]采用正己烷-乙醚(85:15)为洗脱剂,对肉桂籽油和油酸酸解后的粗产品通过柱层析法进行了精制,所得产品酸价降低到0.98 mg KOH/g,过氧化值降低到3.79 mmol/kg,MLCTs纯度超过95%。柱层析法不仅可以脱除副产物,同时也能降低产品的酸价和过氧化值,具有较好的应用前景,但柱层析法需要用到大量的试剂并且难以形成规模化,需要进一步研究。
目前国内外针对MLCTs的检测分析研究主要有脂肪酸组成(全样脂肪酸和Sn-2脂肪酸组成)、甘油酯(甘一酯、甘二酯和甘三酯)组成以及甘三酯组成(定性和定量)等。
脂肪酸组成绝大多数采用经典气相色谱法进行分析,一般分析MCFA的插入率和位置分布,也有研究采用气质联用分析,相对气相色谱脂肪酸种类更加丰富。Huang等[32]采用气质联用(GC-MS)的SIM模式对月桂酸插入率和亚麻酸置换率进行分析,月桂酸SIM离子为129和157,亚麻酸SIM离子为79和249,同时痕量脂肪酸如C11:0和C13:0也被检测出来。
甘油酯组成分析主要采用气相色谱、液相色谱和棒状薄层色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器(TLC-FID)方法。Lian等[57]采用DB-1HT高温柱通过气相色谱对三辛酸甘三酯和亚油酸乙酯酯交换产品进行分析,产品中的辛酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、三辛酸甘三酯、MML、LLM和三亚油酸甘三酯可实现较好分离和定性半定量。Liu等[59]采用DB-1高温柱对橡胶籽油和MCT酯交换产品分析也得到很好的效果。Jiang等[56]采用HPLC-ELSD配置Li Chrospher硅胶柱对二步醇解-酯化工艺合成MLCTs中甘油酯组成进行分析,20 min内可实现MAG、DAG和脂肪酸乙酯(FAEE)的定性定量(标曲)分析。TLC/FID作为一种定性定量分析手段可以有效地应用于对脂肪酸、油脂酯交换产物和甘油酯等简单脂质的分离分析。He等[12]采用TLC-FID对醇解和酯化产品中MAG、DAG、TAG和脂肪酸乙酯(FAEE)进行分析,可在25 min实现各组分的定性和半定量分析。
甘三酯的组成一般采用高效液相色谱配置ELSD检测器测定,也有配置示差检测器[15,63]或紫外检测器[68]进行测定,文献中占比接近60%。示差检测器和紫外检测器的峰型和分离效果不如ELSD检测器,该方法一般需要标样比对保留时间和甘三酯分子的当量碳数(ECN)来进行定性和定量,甘三酯分子的信号较少,多适用于某一特定ECN甘三酯分子的鉴定和分析。Tian等[30]采用HPLC-ELSD对油茶籽油和MCT酯交换产品中MLCTs组成进行分析,MLM代表的是ECN=30~36的甘三酯分子,LML代表的是ECN=38~40的甘三酯分子,MLCTs得率为70.32%,其中MLM得率为53.32%,LML得率为17%。近年来随着检测水平的发展,液质联用技术[13,45,56]开始大量应用到MLCTs甘三酯分子构型的鉴定与分析,文献中占比达到30%以上,该方法可以实现甘三酯分子的定性和半定量,还需进一步构建甘三酯标样数据库实现精准定量。Wang等[13]采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对鱼油和MCT酯交换的产物中的甘三酯分子进行鉴定分析,共鉴定出甘三酯分子24种,相对含量较高的是甘三酯是Ca-Cy-EPA(15.64%)、Ca-Ca-EPA(12.56%)和Cy-Cy-EPA(9.89%)。Huang等[45]采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对亚麻籽油和月桂酸酸解后纯化后的产品进行分析,共鉴定出甘三酯分子35种,MLCTs相对含量为40.82%,其中同时含有月桂酸和亚麻酸的MLCTs相对含量为26.75%,产品符合中长碳链食用油和新资源食品的标准要求。Jiang等[56]采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对富含ARA的甘一酯与辛酸酯化后纯化后的MLCTs进行分析,共鉴定出甘三酯分子21种,其中相对含量较高的甘三酯是ARA-CA-CA(40.43%)、L-CA-CA(18.40%)、Ln-CA-CA(12.61%)和Ei-CA-CA(10.90%)。
自从2012年8月国家卫生健康委员会原卫生部正式批准了“中长链脂肪酸食用油”作为新资源食品[75],中长链脂肪酸食用油标准化研究开始在国内逐渐发展。2019年3月国家粮食和物资储备局发布国家粮食行业标准《中长链脂肪酸食用油》征求意见稿[76],标准中在原来酯交换工艺基础上增加了食用植物油和中碳链脂肪酸酸解合成工艺,同时涵盖了化学酯交换工艺,规定中碳链脂肪酸(g/100 g)≥11,中长碳链甘油三酯(g/100 g)≥18,中碳链甘油三酯(g/100 g)≤3,长碳链甘油三酯/(g/100 g)≤77。2021年广州华汇生物实业有限公司[77]和秦皇岛金海特种食用油工业有限公司[78]分别发布了食品安全企业标准,标准规定一级中长链脂肪酸食用油中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(g/100 g)≥50,二级中长链脂肪酸食用油中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(g/100 g)≥18。2022年2月,中国粮油学会发布了团体标准《中长链脂肪酸食用油》征求意见稿[79],对上述标准进行了概括汇总。目前国家粮食行业标准《中长链脂肪酸食用油》和团体标准《中长链脂肪酸食用油》均处于报批阶段,国内还未有官方认可的执行标准。
近年来国内外涉及MLCTs制备工艺的相关授权专利共18件,具体如表2所示。专利中采用的合成工艺主要为酯交换工艺,共13件,酸解工艺为3件,酯化工艺为2件。采用酶法催化的专利有12件,采用化学催化的专利有6件。采用固定床反应器的有3家,分别为国家粮食与物资储备局科学研究院[80]、暨南大学[81]和河北康睿达脂质公司[82],同时酶的循环利用时间可达到一个半月,大大降低了生产成本,其余的多采用实验室烧瓶或反应器皿,对进一步产业化应用具有一定局限性。酶法合成工艺得率较高,MLCTs得率为30%~95%,MCFAs插入率为35.95%,化学合成工艺MLCTs得率为40%~80.5%,酶法具有较大的优势;也有专利[83]对于新的合成体系进行了探索,发现采用反胶束酶体系催化樟树籽油+菜籽油酯交换反应,粗产品经分子蒸馏后MLCTs含量为74.39%~92.40%,大大提高合成效率。目前专利中采用酯交换工艺合成MLCTs占到70%以上,但酯交换工艺产物成分复杂,多适用于对于产品纯度要求不高的替代传统脂肪领域;酸解工艺产物纯度较高,后续需加强对于副产物脂肪酸的循环利用以及分离纯化工艺的研究;酯化工艺产物纯度更高,产品立体专一性更高,适用于更高附加值的医药和临床营养领域,但目前国内相关标准中对于酯化工艺并未归纳其中,未来在标准化研究中需要进一步推进。
通过文献收集和网络调研,国内外上具有一定规模产能的商业化MLCTs企业主要有5家,具体见表3所示。
2002年,日本日清奥利友食品公司推出了世界上第一款商业化的MLCTs产品-中长链脂肪酸食用油,该产品是由大豆油或棉籽油或棕榈仁油与椰子油酶法催化酯交换工艺制备,主要由LLL(49.5%~52.7%)、LLM或LML(37.3%~39.63%)、LMM或MLM(8.6%~9.34%)以及MMM(0.1%~0.2%)脂质[98]。2007年日清公司申请的中国专利CN00819840-油脂组合物获得授权(2022年已到期)[99]。2013年中粮控股有限公司收购日清奥利友旗下的大连日清制油有限公司,并获得MLCTs产品专利,但目前产品线处于停滞状态。国际上具有商业化MLCTs产品的企业主要有美国的Bunge Loders Croklaan和中德合资的费卡华瑞。Bunge Loders Croklaan在2021年10月发布了公司第一款MLCTs产品NuliGo,主要定位方向是运动营养、老龄化和医疗食品,通过为肌肉快速提供能量,节省蛋白质以增强肌肉并支持运动后恢复,目前该产品只在欧洲市场销售,国内暂未上市。费卡华瑞(费卡51%股份)作为国际领先临床营养支持的德国费森尤斯卡比的子公司,目前肠外营养支持产品已从早期的物理混合型脂肪乳剂发展到结构型脂肪乳剂,产品有力文、力能和力卡文等,2022年销售额4.1亿美元。
国内MLCTs产业仍处于探索发展阶段,除了受产品专利的限制外,只有少数企业掌握核心技术和具备规模产能。2022年益海嘉里有限公司旗下子公司金龙油推出了“轻怡”MLCTs食用油,但仍为物理混合型,目前为山姆线下定制产品。河北康睿达脂质有限公司从2008年开始深耕MLCTs国产化研究,2015年推出系列化的MLCTs产品如养之利多、靓之利多和防之利多等,2016年获国内唯一的中长链脂肪酸SC食品生产许可证,但市场规模依旧很小。中粮日清(大连)有限公司虽获得产品专利,但生产处于停滞状态。荣海生物与江南大学合作开展化学法酶法酯交换合成MLCTs,但企业因诸多问题处于破产整合阶段。
根据MLCTs的功能特性,目前国内外研究产品的潜在应用主要集中在婴儿配方奶粉补充婴儿必需营养、减肥食品、运动食品为运动员或体育爱好者快速提供能量、临床营养支持为脂肪乳剂为糖尿病、体弱婴幼儿等临床患者提供肠外营养支持以及替代传统脂肪如食用油、起酥油、黄油等,目前大部分研究仍处于实验室阶段,进一步产业化转化还有较大差距。
从中长碳链甘三酯食用油诞生以来,国内外中长碳链甘三酯产业经历了20多年的发展。合成工艺上,酸解工艺适用于相对较高附加值MLCTs产品,但副产物脂肪酸的循环利用是亟待解决的问题,酯交换工艺适用于对于产品纯度要求不高的替代传统脂肪领域,酯化工艺产品立体专一性更高,适用于更高附加值的医药和临床营养领域,其次复配酶以及新的反应体系如反胶束和皮克林体系也逐渐成为研究热点。合成装备上,固定床具有诸多优点,如效率高、反应条件温和、可回收性高等,是一种最有希望实现工业化酶法制备MLCTs的反应装备,未来仍需加强产业化应用研究。分离纯化上,分子蒸馏分离效果好,产品纯度高,是最具有工业化潜力的技术手段,但由于投资大和耗能高,需进一步加大技术研发。检测分析上,GC、HPLC-ELSD和UPLC-Q-TOF-MS依然是切实可行的检测手段,但未来需进一步构建甘三酯分子的液质数据库,实现甘三酯分子及异构体间定性和精准定量。标准和专利上,应尽快推出国家层面权威的产品标准和检测方法,推动MLCTs产业规范化发展,此外要进一步加强产学研对接,推动专利的产业化转化力度。MLCTs产品和应用上,应该进一步加强市场宣传培育、新产品开发及应用、营养素之间的互作机制以及代谢过程中物质基础研究,为产品研发和应用奠定坚实的基础。
MLCTs产业化作为油脂行业高质量发展的必然要求,再一次处于行业发展的关键节点。应加强亟待解决的关键环节如国产酶替代、反应装备化、产品标准化和新产品开发如神经酸等超长碳链脂肪酸产品等领域的研发投入力度,切实弥补我国在MLCTs领域上产业化研究转化的不足,补齐短板弱板,为实现中国油脂加工产业高质量发展水平,提升人民群众营养健康水平贡献持久动力。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010257
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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    1国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮油加工研究所,北京 102209
    2黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319

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段章群(1981−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:油脂化学与加工技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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