Article(id=1321170373413032577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921163179, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921163179, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921163179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921163179, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=292, endPage=302, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170374851678850, articleId=1321170373413032577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Comprehensive Evaluation of the Quality of Different Rapeseed Varieties in the Hulunbuir Region Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study conducted a systematic analysis of the quality characteristics of different rapeseed varieties from the Hulunbuir region and established a comprehensive evaluation system. Ten rapeseed varieties were selected, and the differences among various quality indicators were examined. Comprehensive evaluation was performed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, leading to the development of a quality assessment model. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in key quality indicators among the varieties, with coefficients of variation ranging from 3.07% to 91.67%. Substantial variation was observed in indicators such as sterols, vitamin E, and mineral elements, reflecting clear differences in nutritional composition among varieties. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between certain components. PCA extracted six principal components, explaining 85.330% of the total variance, effectively representing the majority of the original information. Among the tested varieties, Longyou 10 had the highest comprehensive score, followed by Qingza 7 and Qingza 15, which exhibited superior performance in oil content, mineral elements, and sterol composition. Cluster analysis divided the ten varieties into six groups, among which group I, consisting of Qingza 15, Qingza 7, and Longyou 10, demonstrated the best overall quality. Collectively, this study provides a reference for evaluating the quality of different rapeseed varieties in Hulunbuir and offers a scientific basis for the selection of superior varieties and the regional industrial development of rapeseed resources.

, authors=Peng SUN1, 2, 3, *, Nan LI1, Shuo LI2, 3, authorsList=Peng SUN, Nan LI, Shuo LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peng SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170375761842825, articleId=1321170373413032577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于主成分分析和聚类分析对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽品质的综合评价, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种的油菜籽品质特性进行系统研究,并建立其评价体系。本试验选取10个不同品种的油菜籽,研究不同品种油菜籽各项指标间的差异性。同时采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对油菜籽进行综合性评价,并建立品质评价模型。研究结果表明,不同品种油菜籽关键品质指标存在差异性(P< 0.05),且品质指标间变异系数各不相同,范围为3.07%~91.67%。其中,甾醇、维生素E及矿物质元素等指标变异系数较大,表现出品种间明显的营养结构差异。相关性分析结果显示,部分成分之间具有较强的相关性。由主成分分析发现,不同品种油菜籽的品质评价指标可由6个主成分表示,其累计方差贡献率为85.330%,能够反映原指标的大部分信息。其中,陇油10综合得分最高,其次为青杂7和青杂15,这三个品种在含油量、矿物质元素及甾醇类物质方面表现突出。同时,结合聚类分析结果可知,可将10个不同品种的油菜籽分为6类,其中第Ⅰ类的青杂15、青杂7和陇油10的综合品质最优秀。本研究结果可为呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽品质评价提供参考,并为优良品种的选择及油菜籽资源的区域产业化发展提供理论依据。

, authors=孙鹏1, 2, 3, *, 李南1, 李硕2, 3, authorsList=孙鹏, 李南, 李硕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙鹏, authorNote=

孙鹏(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:

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孙鹏(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品品质鉴评,E-mail:。
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注:*为P<0.05;**为P<0.01。

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Statistics of sample quantity of different varieties of rapeseed in Hulunbuir City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种名称采集地(呼伦贝尔)采集时间
青杂12陈巴尔虎旗2023年7月
三沣66牙克石市2023年7月
青杂5海拉尔区2023年7月
青杂15新巴尔虎右旗2023年7月
青杂7额尔古纳市2023年7月
陇油10新巴尔虎左旗2023年8月
NM88鄂温克族自治区2023年8月
阳光85扎赉诺尔区2023年8月
青杂3根河市2023年8月
青杂6扎兰屯市2023年8月
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380086170294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

呼伦贝尔市不同品种油菜籽样本数量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种名称采集地(呼伦贝尔)采集时间
青杂12陈巴尔虎旗2023年7月
三沣66牙克石市2023年7月
青杂5海拉尔区2023年7月
青杂15新巴尔虎右旗2023年7月
青杂7额尔古纳市2023年7月
陇油10新巴尔虎左旗2023年8月
NM88鄂温克族自治区2023年8月
阳光85扎赉诺尔区2023年8月
青杂3根河市2023年8月
青杂6扎兰屯市2023年8月
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380182639287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of physicochemical differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种含油量(%)脂肪(%)蛋白质(%)灰分(g/100 g)硫苷(μmol/g)芥酸(%)
青杂1243.57±0.82ab32.44±2.95bc19.18±0.84b4.87±0.38ab22.27±2.50c0.42±0.04b
三沣6643.11±0.77ab34.90±1.15ab20.28±1.13ab4.90±0.10ab21.66±1.49c0.11±0.04b
青杂543.47±0.48ab37.79±6.382a20.40±1.25ab4.53±0.38b25.42±4.95abc0.14±0.13b
青杂1542.36±1.20abc32.52±3.22abc21.50±2.06ab4.80±0.20ab65.73±23.18a0.36±0.22b
青杂741.40±0.74bc35.39±0.41ab21.71±0.65ab4.73±0.12ab33.92±8.67abc1.28±0.81a
陇油1044.60±2.22a37.06±1.29a20.02±1.84ab4.87±0.21ab47.22±33.26abc0.32±0.05b
NM8842.03±1.83abc35.23±1.37ab20.90±1.86ab4.60±0.20ab26.48±2.57abc0.08±0.03b
阳光8544.21±2.40a36.76±1.76ab19.56±1.33ab4.57±0.12ab21.00±1.53c0.20±0.13b
青杂342.27±0.89abc32.42±0.99abc22.16±0.83a5.03±0.32a52.79±24.85ab0.32±0.16b
青杂640.39±0.27c31.62±0.93bc21.73±1.16ab4.87±0.31ab29.97±5.74abc0.36±0.35b
均值42.7434.6120.744.7834.650.36
最大值44.6037.7922.165.0365.731.28
最小值40.3931.6219.184.5321.000.08
标准差1.312.140.960.1615.700.33
变异系数(%)3.076.184.633.3545.3191.67
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380291691192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的理化成分差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种含油量(%)脂肪(%)蛋白质(%)灰分(g/100 g)硫苷(μmol/g)芥酸(%)
青杂1243.57±0.82ab32.44±2.95bc19.18±0.84b4.87±0.38ab22.27±2.50c0.42±0.04b
三沣6643.11±0.77ab34.90±1.15ab20.28±1.13ab4.90±0.10ab21.66±1.49c0.11±0.04b
青杂543.47±0.48ab37.79±6.382a20.40±1.25ab4.53±0.38b25.42±4.95abc0.14±0.13b
青杂1542.36±1.20abc32.52±3.22abc21.50±2.06ab4.80±0.20ab65.73±23.18a0.36±0.22b
青杂741.40±0.74bc35.39±0.41ab21.71±0.65ab4.73±0.12ab33.92±8.67abc1.28±0.81a
陇油1044.60±2.22a37.06±1.29a20.02±1.84ab4.87±0.21ab47.22±33.26abc0.32±0.05b
NM8842.03±1.83abc35.23±1.37ab20.90±1.86ab4.60±0.20ab26.48±2.57abc0.08±0.03b
阳光8544.21±2.40a36.76±1.76ab19.56±1.33ab4.57±0.12ab21.00±1.53c0.20±0.13b
青杂342.27±0.89abc32.42±0.99abc22.16±0.83a5.03±0.32a52.79±24.85ab0.32±0.16b
青杂640.39±0.27c31.62±0.93bc21.73±1.16ab4.87±0.31ab29.97±5.74abc0.36±0.35b
均值42.7434.6120.744.7834.650.36
最大值44.6037.7922.165.0365.731.28
最小值40.3931.6219.184.5321.000.08
标准差1.312.140.960.1615.700.33
变异系数(%)3.076.184.633.3545.3191.67
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380388160185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of mineral differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种钾
(mg/100 g)
钙
(mg/100 g)
铁
(mg/100 g)
钠
(mg/100 g)
青杂126355.88±23.11f2186.80±40.86f240.91±32.85c2.22±0.76ab
三沣667757.03±104.50cd2803.87±69.71cd220.31±21.73cd1.98±0.37b
青杂59489.98±17.07a3285.06±42.59b124.41±13.66g3.02±0.36ab
青杂157678.24±48.08cd3065.41±111.52c230.41±34.76c2.63±0.79ab
青杂79519.75±54.81a3097.66±48.65c282.18±35.99b3.37±0.78ab
陇油108957.18±32.20b3254.10±48.40b146.23±28.13g3.96±1.89a
NM888712.70±16.25bc2362.89±95.77ef206.04±17.69de3.18±1.22ab
阳光857051.67±21.39e3129.17±36.04bc173.52±27.99ef2.15±0.58ab
青杂37476.82±62.44de2601.58±33.24de163.88±47.53fg2.45±1.00ab
青杂68733.59±23.11bc3671.35±84.55a424.53±46.83a3.46±0.79ab
均值8173.282895.81221.242.84
最大值9519.753671.35424.533.96
最小值6355.882186.80124.411.98
标准差1142.37475.2886.960.70
变异
系数(%)
13.9816.4139.3124.65
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380501406394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的矿物质差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种钾
(mg/100 g)
钙
(mg/100 g)
铁
(mg/100 g)
钠
(mg/100 g)
青杂126355.88±23.11f2186.80±40.86f240.91±32.85c2.22±0.76ab
三沣667757.03±104.50cd2803.87±69.71cd220.31±21.73cd1.98±0.37b
青杂59489.98±17.07a3285.06±42.59b124.41±13.66g3.02±0.36ab
青杂157678.24±48.08cd3065.41±111.52c230.41±34.76c2.63±0.79ab
青杂79519.75±54.81a3097.66±48.65c282.18±35.99b3.37±0.78ab
陇油108957.18±32.20b3254.10±48.40b146.23±28.13g3.96±1.89a
NM888712.70±16.25bc2362.89±95.77ef206.04±17.69de3.18±1.22ab
阳光857051.67±21.39e3129.17±36.04bc173.52±27.99ef2.15±0.58ab
青杂37476.82±62.44de2601.58±33.24de163.88±47.53fg2.45±1.00ab
青杂68733.59±23.11bc3671.35±84.55a424.53±46.83a3.46±0.79ab
均值8173.282895.81221.242.84
最大值9519.753671.35424.533.96
最小值6355.882186.80124.411.98
标准差1142.37475.2886.960.70
变异
系数(%)
13.9816.4139.3124.65
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380581098171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of vitamin E component differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种α-T
(mg/100 g)
γ-T
(mg/100 g)
δ-T
(mg/100 g)
VE的含量
(mg/100 g)
α-T/γ-T
青杂127.25±0.17bc15.15±0.73cd1.40±0.33cd23.80±0.95d0.48±0.03bcd
三沣667.17±0.52bc16.04±1.29bcd2.60±0.25ab25.81±1.39d0.45±0.05bcd
青杂58.21±1.57b18.32±1.78ab2.95±1.37a29.48±1.70ab0.45±0.09bcd
青杂157.90±1.06b14.66±1.79de1.73±0.73bc24.29±1.64d0.55±0.10ab
青杂77.36±0.46bc18.52±1.11a2.91±0.31a28.79±1.51bc0.40±0.03d
陇油106.30±0.22c12.31±1.50e1.32±0.23cd19.93±1.30e0.52±0.07abc
NM887.71±0.41b15.24±0.83cd2.67±1.01ab25.62±1.93d0.51±0.02abc
阳光857.47±0.70bc17.37±2.08abc1.12±0.20cd25.96±2.36d0.43±0.04cd
青杂311.48±0.95a19.66±0.62a0.58±0.04d31.72±1.09a0.58±0.05a
青杂68.10±0.62b18.01±1.01ab0.39±0.13d26.50±1.43cd0.45±0.03bcd
均值7.8016.491.7525.590.48
最大值11.4819.662.9531.720.58
最小值6.3012.310.3919.930.40
标准差1.342.350.983.250.05
变异
系数(%)
17.2014.3056.0012.7010.4
), ArticleFig(id=1321170380933419708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的维生素E成分差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种α-T
(mg/100 g)
γ-T
(mg/100 g)
δ-T
(mg/100 g)
VE的含量
(mg/100 g)
α-T/γ-T
青杂127.25±0.17bc15.15±0.73cd1.40±0.33cd23.80±0.95d0.48±0.03bcd
三沣667.17±0.52bc16.04±1.29bcd2.60±0.25ab25.81±1.39d0.45±0.05bcd
青杂58.21±1.57b18.32±1.78ab2.95±1.37a29.48±1.70ab0.45±0.09bcd
青杂157.90±1.06b14.66±1.79de1.73±0.73bc24.29±1.64d0.55±0.10ab
青杂77.36±0.46bc18.52±1.11a2.91±0.31a28.79±1.51bc0.40±0.03d
陇油106.30±0.22c12.31±1.50e1.32±0.23cd19.93±1.30e0.52±0.07abc
NM887.71±0.41b15.24±0.83cd2.67±1.01ab25.62±1.93d0.51±0.02abc
阳光857.47±0.70bc17.37±2.08abc1.12±0.20cd25.96±2.36d0.43±0.04cd
青杂311.48±0.95a19.66±0.62a0.58±0.04d31.72±1.09a0.58±0.05a
青杂68.10±0.62b18.01±1.01ab0.39±0.13d26.50±1.43cd0.45±0.03bcd
均值7.8016.491.7525.590.48
最大值11.4819.662.9531.720.58
最小值6.3012.310.3919.930.40
标准差1.342.350.983.250.05
变异
系数(%)
17.2014.3056.0012.7010.4
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381063443133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of sterol differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种菜籽甾醇(mg/kg)麦角甾醇(mg/kg)菜油甾醇(mg/kg)豆甾醇(mg/kg)β-谷甾醇(mg/kg)豆烷甾醇(mg/kg)胆固醇(mg/kg)
青杂12802.78±5.24c8.07±0.75b1684.01±3.97a24.71±2.82a3194.71±5.50c16.78±2.75ab15.32±2.93b
三沣66348.32±2.70j5.92±0.22j508.72±7.11b8.25±0.78g1320.15±19.10g6.74±1.28b5.33±0.95g
青杂5892.13±4.75b4.86±0.96f1784.20±10.07a24.01±1.52a3412.23±117.78b17.59±0.25ab23.02±0.80a
青杂15893.27±4.20a8.67±0.44a1704.10±7.89b22.33±0.37b3641.60±5.85a19.67±1.42a13.50±1.62c
青杂7597.05±3.17f5.88±0.29e1016.40±8.88d16.61±0.38d1525.18±20.30f16.11±1.65ab15.13±0.61b
陇油10477.60±2.35i5.62±0.64d1268.46±58.20e18.33±0.95c2830.44±13.36d63.00±82.49a11.72±1.11d
NM88535.09±1.70g7.05±0.26c1211.94±10.48f11.86±0.77f2003.24±2.99e12.11±1.82b6.24±0.86f
阳光85704.60±5.21d4.56±0.33f778.25±3.20d17.61±0.64d3556.55±22.66a16.03±1.89ab11.61±0.42d
青杂3617.46±3.03e3.23±0.90g603.35±3.02i5.01±0.84h3181.97±3.17c16.72±2.76ab9.50±0.51e
青杂6498.36±6.01h7.20±0.69c1108.42±7.10i15.98±1.43e2120.83±10.99e11.92±0.82b6.77±0.11f
均值636.576.111166.8916.472678.5920.1311.71
最大值893.278.671784.2024.713641.6063.0023.02
最小值348.323.23508.725.011320.156.745.33
标准差172.011.74434.896.68881.3415.295.34
变异系数(%)27.0228.4837.2740.5632.9075.9645.60
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381155717822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的甾醇差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种菜籽甾醇(mg/kg)麦角甾醇(mg/kg)菜油甾醇(mg/kg)豆甾醇(mg/kg)β-谷甾醇(mg/kg)豆烷甾醇(mg/kg)胆固醇(mg/kg)
青杂12802.78±5.24c8.07±0.75b1684.01±3.97a24.71±2.82a3194.71±5.50c16.78±2.75ab15.32±2.93b
三沣66348.32±2.70j5.92±0.22j508.72±7.11b8.25±0.78g1320.15±19.10g6.74±1.28b5.33±0.95g
青杂5892.13±4.75b4.86±0.96f1784.20±10.07a24.01±1.52a3412.23±117.78b17.59±0.25ab23.02±0.80a
青杂15893.27±4.20a8.67±0.44a1704.10±7.89b22.33±0.37b3641.60±5.85a19.67±1.42a13.50±1.62c
青杂7597.05±3.17f5.88±0.29e1016.40±8.88d16.61±0.38d1525.18±20.30f16.11±1.65ab15.13±0.61b
陇油10477.60±2.35i5.62±0.64d1268.46±58.20e18.33±0.95c2830.44±13.36d63.00±82.49a11.72±1.11d
NM88535.09±1.70g7.05±0.26c1211.94±10.48f11.86±0.77f2003.24±2.99e12.11±1.82b6.24±0.86f
阳光85704.60±5.21d4.56±0.33f778.25±3.20d17.61±0.64d3556.55±22.66a16.03±1.89ab11.61±0.42d
青杂3617.46±3.03e3.23±0.90g603.35±3.02i5.01±0.84h3181.97±3.17c16.72±2.76ab9.50±0.51e
青杂6498.36±6.01h7.20±0.69c1108.42±7.10i15.98±1.43e2120.83±10.99e11.92±0.82b6.77±0.11f
均值636.576.111166.8916.472678.5920.1311.71
最大值893.278.671784.2024.713641.6063.0023.02
最小值348.323.23508.725.011320.156.745.33
标准差172.011.74434.896.68881.3415.295.34
变异系数(%)27.0228.4837.2740.5632.9075.9645.60
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381231215295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of saturated fatty acid differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种肉豆蔻酸(%)棕榈酸(%)十七烷酸(%)硬脂酸(%)花生酸(%)山俞酸(%)木焦油酸(%)
青杂120.04±0.04a17.95±22.92a0.01±0.02c1.44±0.18a0.58±0.55b0.06±0.10d0.10±0.11a
三沣660.02±0.02a3.86±0.19b0.03±0.00b2.15±0.36a0.98±0.01a0.20±0.01abc0.09±0.01a
青杂50.04±0.01a3.80±0.14b0.03±0.00b2.59±0.07a0.97±0.26a0.21±0.03ab0.09±0.00a
青杂150.04±0.00a3.63±0.05b0.03±0.01b2.16±0.74a1.12±0.10a0.22±0.02a0.10±0.00a
青杂70.04±0.01a3.85±0.22b0.03±0.01b2.09±0.65a1.12±0.06a0.20±0.02abc0.09±0.01a
陇油100.04±0.01a3.70±0.08b0.03±0.01b2.28±0.75a1.11±0.08a0.15±0.01abcd0.07±0.00a
NM880.04±0.00a3.70±0.23b0.05±0.02ab1.54±0.61a0.89±0.03ab0.13±0.02bcd0.06±0.00a
阳光850.04±0.01a3.73±0.27b0.05±0.01a1.67±1.18a1.05±0.03a0.13±0.00bcd0.09±0.03a
青杂30.04±0.00a3.84±0.08b0.06±0.01a1.72±0.94a1.22±0.20a0.16±0.06abc0.08±0.03a
青杂60.05±0.00a3.80±0.17b−1.59±0.19a1.10±0.15a0.12±0.09cd0.10±0.04a
均值0.044.790.041.921.010.150.09
最大值0.0517.950.062.591.220.220.10
最小值0.023.630.011.440.580.060.06
标准差0.014.500.010.380.190.050.01
变异系数(%)25.0093.9525.0019.7918.8133.3311.11
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381315101376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的饱和脂肪酸差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种肉豆蔻酸(%)棕榈酸(%)十七烷酸(%)硬脂酸(%)花生酸(%)山俞酸(%)木焦油酸(%)
青杂120.04±0.04a17.95±22.92a0.01±0.02c1.44±0.18a0.58±0.55b0.06±0.10d0.10±0.11a
三沣660.02±0.02a3.86±0.19b0.03±0.00b2.15±0.36a0.98±0.01a0.20±0.01abc0.09±0.01a
青杂50.04±0.01a3.80±0.14b0.03±0.00b2.59±0.07a0.97±0.26a0.21±0.03ab0.09±0.00a
青杂150.04±0.00a3.63±0.05b0.03±0.01b2.16±0.74a1.12±0.10a0.22±0.02a0.10±0.00a
青杂70.04±0.01a3.85±0.22b0.03±0.01b2.09±0.65a1.12±0.06a0.20±0.02abc0.09±0.01a
陇油100.04±0.01a3.70±0.08b0.03±0.01b2.28±0.75a1.11±0.08a0.15±0.01abcd0.07±0.00a
NM880.04±0.00a3.70±0.23b0.05±0.02ab1.54±0.61a0.89±0.03ab0.13±0.02bcd0.06±0.00a
阳光850.04±0.01a3.73±0.27b0.05±0.01a1.67±1.18a1.05±0.03a0.13±0.00bcd0.09±0.03a
青杂30.04±0.00a3.84±0.08b0.06±0.01a1.72±0.94a1.22±0.20a0.16±0.06abc0.08±0.03a
青杂60.05±0.00a3.80±0.17b−1.59±0.19a1.10±0.15a0.12±0.09cd0.10±0.04a
均值0.044.790.041.921.010.150.09
最大值0.0517.950.062.591.220.220.10
最小值0.023.630.011.440.580.060.06
标准差0.014.500.010.380.190.050.01
变异系数(%)25.0093.9525.0019.7918.8133.3311.11
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381386404545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Analysis of monounsaturated fatty acid content differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种棕榈油酸(%)油酸(%)花生一烯酸(%)二十二碳一烯酸(%)十七碳一烯酸(%)
青杂120.17±0.17a58.44±4.82b58.44±4.82a0.01±0.01c0.36±0.35a
三沣660.16±0.01a62.73±2.32ab63.45±2.78a0.02±0.01bc0.10±0.00b
青杂50.15±0.018a63.47±1.94a63.47±1.94a0.03±0.02abc0.09±0.01b
青杂150.14±0.01a62.68±1.21ab62.68±1.22a0.03±0.01abc0.09±0.01b
青杂70.16±0.00a60.92±1.83ab61.91±0.85a0.05±0.03ab0.09±0.01b
陇油100.16±0.02a62.13±2.14ab62.13±2.14a0.07±0.02a0.08±0.02b
NM880.17±0.00a65.24±2.24a65.41±3.14a0.04±0.01ab0.08±0.01b
阳光850.16±0.02a62.82±2.54ab62.81±2.54a0.01±0.02c0.09±0.02b
青杂30.17±0.01a61.43±1.61ab61.43±1.61a0.05±0.01ab0.09±0.02b
青杂60.21±0.05a62.91±0.81ab62.91±0.81a0.06±0.05ab0.14±0.12b
均值0.1762.3062.560.040.11
最大值0.2165.2465.410.070.36
最小值0.1458.4458.440.010.08
标准差0.021.762.000.020.09
变异系数(%)11.522.833.1951.3576.58
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381466096322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的单不饱和脂肪酸含量差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种棕榈油酸(%)油酸(%)花生一烯酸(%)二十二碳一烯酸(%)十七碳一烯酸(%)
青杂120.17±0.17a58.44±4.82b58.44±4.82a0.01±0.01c0.36±0.35a
三沣660.16±0.01a62.73±2.32ab63.45±2.78a0.02±0.01bc0.10±0.00b
青杂50.15±0.018a63.47±1.94a63.47±1.94a0.03±0.02abc0.09±0.01b
青杂150.14±0.01a62.68±1.21ab62.68±1.22a0.03±0.01abc0.09±0.01b
青杂70.16±0.00a60.92±1.83ab61.91±0.85a0.05±0.03ab0.09±0.01b
陇油100.16±0.02a62.13±2.14ab62.13±2.14a0.07±0.02a0.08±0.02b
NM880.17±0.00a65.24±2.24a65.41±3.14a0.04±0.01ab0.08±0.01b
阳光850.16±0.02a62.82±2.54ab62.81±2.54a0.01±0.02c0.09±0.02b
青杂30.17±0.01a61.43±1.61ab61.43±1.61a0.05±0.01ab0.09±0.02b
青杂60.21±0.05a62.91±0.81ab62.91±0.81a0.06±0.05ab0.14±0.12b
均值0.1762.3062.560.040.11
最大值0.2165.2465.410.070.36
最小值0.1458.4458.440.010.08
标准差0.021.762.000.020.09
变异系数(%)11.522.833.1951.3576.58
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381549982403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acid content differences among different rapeseed varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种亚油酸(%)亚麻酸(%)花生二烯酸
(%)
二十二碳二
烯酸(%)
青杂1221.64±2.50a8.80±0.64ab0.02±0.04a0.03±0.05b
三沣6618.77±1.03ab9.66±0.52ab0.05±0.00a0.09±0.01a
青杂518.42±0.99b9.11±0.52ab0.03±0.03a0.07±0.01a
青杂1518.40±0.33b9.99±0.64a0.06±0.01a0.09±0.01a
青杂719.45±1.74ab9.74±0.83ab0.07±0.01a0.08±0.01a
陇油1018.87±1.77ab10.03±0.75a0.07±0.04a0.08±0.02a
NM8818.66±1.05b8.41±0.49b0.06±0.04a0.09±0.01a
阳光8519.10±2.44ab9.91±1.01a0.08±0.05a0.08±0.01a
青杂319.90±0.95ab9.97±1.42a0.05±0.05a0.09±0.01a
青杂619.24±0.90ab9.23±0.13ab0.05±0.09a0.10±0.00a
均值19.359.490.060.08
最大值21.6410.030.080.10
最小值18.408.410.020.03
标准差1.040.570.020.02
变异系数(%)5.386.0535.1923.75
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381633868484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同品种油菜籽的多不饱和脂肪酸含量差异分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种亚油酸(%)亚麻酸(%)花生二烯酸
(%)
二十二碳二
烯酸(%)
青杂1221.64±2.50a8.80±0.64ab0.02±0.04a0.03±0.05b
三沣6618.77±1.03ab9.66±0.52ab0.05±0.00a0.09±0.01a
青杂518.42±0.99b9.11±0.52ab0.03±0.03a0.07±0.01a
青杂1518.40±0.33b9.99±0.64a0.06±0.01a0.09±0.01a
青杂719.45±1.74ab9.74±0.83ab0.07±0.01a0.08±0.01a
陇油1018.87±1.77ab10.03±0.75a0.07±0.04a0.08±0.02a
NM8818.66±1.05b8.41±0.49b0.06±0.04a0.09±0.01a
阳光8519.10±2.44ab9.91±1.01a0.08±0.05a0.08±0.01a
青杂319.90±0.95ab9.97±1.42a0.05±0.05a0.09±0.01a
青杂619.24±0.90ab9.23±0.13ab0.05±0.09a0.10±0.00a
均值19.359.490.060.08
最大值21.6410.030.080.10
最小值18.408.410.020.03
标准差1.040.570.020.02
变异系数(%)5.386.0535.1923.75
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381713560261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Eigenvalue and contribution rate of principal components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分初始特征值提取平方和载入
合计方差百分比(%)累计百分比(%)合计方差百分比(%)累计百分比(%)
19.23827.17027.1709.23827.17027.170
26.11617.98745.1576.11617.98745.157
35.06014.88160.0385.06014.88160.038
43.52910.38170.4193.52910.38170.419
52.7778.16878.5882.7778.16878.588
62.2926.74285.3302.2926.74285.330
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381784863430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

主成分的特征值与方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分初始特征值提取平方和载入
合计方差百分比(%)累计百分比(%)合计方差百分比(%)累计百分比(%)
19.23827.17027.1709.23827.17027.170
26.11617.98745.1576.11617.98745.157
35.06014.88160.0385.06014.88160.038
43.52910.38170.4193.52910.38170.419
52.7778.16878.5882.7778.16878.588
62.2926.74285.3302.2926.74285.330
), ArticleFig(id=1321170381885526727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Principal component factor load matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主成分
123456
含油量(X1)−0.221−0.747−0.2550.2630.3750.009
蛋白质(X2)0.5670.420.2950.097−0.43−0.03
芥酸(X3)−0.0040.2770.3270.217−0.0830.658
硫苷(X4)0.338−0.0630.3040.66−0.229−0.043
脂肪(X5)0.3250.04−0.5130.2010.4770.268
钠(X6)0.3510.2750.6380.0520.5010.11
灰分(X7)−0.0050.467−0.2980.568−0.2250.27
钾(X8)0.550.0410.631−0.3270.2680.237
钙(X9)0.3130.5020.5370.018−0.056−0.195
铁(X10)−0.0830.8990.188−0.166−0.20.066
胆固醇(X11)−0.397−0.5540.630.081−0.0650.105
菜籽甾醇(X12)−0.506−0.4730.4830.14−0.303−0.311
麦角甾醇(X13)−0.4210.2680.269−0.236−0.0210.078
菜油甾醇(X14)−0.533−0.2550.711−0.0790.129−0.117
豆甾醇(X15)−0.609−0.2790.6440.0080.132−0.021
β-谷甾醇(X16)−0.347−0.4780.220.507−0.083−0.581
豆烷甾醇(X17)0.148−0.2090.2480.5710.6660.145
肉豆蔻酸(X18)−0.1470.4110.580.2560.24−0.478
棕榈酸(X19)−0.9560.081−0.1660.0840.0790.153
棕榈油酸(X20)−0.0650.904−0.074−0.0980.163−0.237
十七烷酸(X21)0.48−0.502−0.4440.1280.011−0.236
硬脂酸(X22)0.372−0.5790.498−0.019−0.1060.352
油酸(X23)0.668−0.1360.086−0.520.122−0.466
亚油酸(X24)−0.7770.31−0.2950.3070.030.181
亚麻酸(X25)0.463−0.183−0.0160.721−0.2740.197
花生一烯酸(X26)−0.7420.2880.5460.0340.1770.083
花生酸(X27)0.8670.0580.1930.369−0.213−0.067
花生二烯酸(X28)0.701−0.018−0.1080.2220.2370.004
山俞酸(X29)0.612−0.4030.358−0.099−0.4680.301
二十二碳二烯酸(X30)0.8890.2570.079−0.16−0.134−0.192
二十二碳一烯酸(X31)0.5560.4410.3930.2880.370.116
木焦油酸(X32)−0.4750.1870.2640.113−0.6660.08
十七碳一烯酸(X33)−0.9530.231−0.1260.0580.0210.108
维生素E(X34)0.105−0.4910.156−0.6710.0030.483
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383533888200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

主成分因子载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主成分
123456
含油量(X1)−0.221−0.747−0.2550.2630.3750.009
蛋白质(X2)0.5670.420.2950.097−0.43−0.03
芥酸(X3)−0.0040.2770.3270.217−0.0830.658
硫苷(X4)0.338−0.0630.3040.66−0.229−0.043
脂肪(X5)0.3250.04−0.5130.2010.4770.268
钠(X6)0.3510.2750.6380.0520.5010.11
灰分(X7)−0.0050.467−0.2980.568−0.2250.27
钾(X8)0.550.0410.631−0.3270.2680.237
钙(X9)0.3130.5020.5370.018−0.056−0.195
铁(X10)−0.0830.8990.188−0.166−0.20.066
胆固醇(X11)−0.397−0.5540.630.081−0.0650.105
菜籽甾醇(X12)−0.506−0.4730.4830.14−0.303−0.311
麦角甾醇(X13)−0.4210.2680.269−0.236−0.0210.078
菜油甾醇(X14)−0.533−0.2550.711−0.0790.129−0.117
豆甾醇(X15)−0.609−0.2790.6440.0080.132−0.021
β-谷甾醇(X16)−0.347−0.4780.220.507−0.083−0.581
豆烷甾醇(X17)0.148−0.2090.2480.5710.6660.145
肉豆蔻酸(X18)−0.1470.4110.580.2560.24−0.478
棕榈酸(X19)−0.9560.081−0.1660.0840.0790.153
棕榈油酸(X20)−0.0650.904−0.074−0.0980.163−0.237
十七烷酸(X21)0.48−0.502−0.4440.1280.011−0.236
硬脂酸(X22)0.372−0.5790.498−0.019−0.1060.352
油酸(X23)0.668−0.1360.086−0.520.122−0.466
亚油酸(X24)−0.7770.31−0.2950.3070.030.181
亚麻酸(X25)0.463−0.183−0.0160.721−0.2740.197
花生一烯酸(X26)−0.7420.2880.5460.0340.1770.083
花生酸(X27)0.8670.0580.1930.369−0.213−0.067
花生二烯酸(X28)0.701−0.018−0.1080.2220.2370.004
山俞酸(X29)0.612−0.4030.358−0.099−0.4680.301
二十二碳二烯酸(X30)0.8890.2570.079−0.16−0.134−0.192
二十二碳一烯酸(X31)0.5560.4410.3930.2880.370.116
木焦油酸(X32)−0.4750.1870.2640.113−0.6660.08
十七碳一烯酸(X33)−0.9530.231−0.1260.0580.0210.108
维生素E(X34)0.105−0.4910.156−0.6710.0030.483
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383609385673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Comprehensive score and ranking of different varieties of rapeseed quality

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品种Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y排名
青杂12−2.667−0.492−0.6250.3700.0210.279−0.8077
三沣660.649−0.182−1.443−1.057−0.9981.049−1.4069
青杂5−0.4672.0150.999−0.999−0.027−0.4770.2514
青杂150.1450.7200.8490.587−1.144−0.1330.2753
青杂70.358−0.2460.6840.069−0.4471.9171.7302
陇油100.5990.3210.1401.6291.7660.7613.5761
NM880.462−0.196−0.604−1.4351.457−0.382−0.5175
阳光850.1420.378−1.0120.3120.306−1.017−0.8066
青杂30.704−0.415−0.5921.121−1.062−1.272−1.48310
青杂60.075−1.9031.605−0.5950.127−0.725−0.8138
), ArticleFig(id=1321170383693271754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170373413032577, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

不同品种油菜籽品质综合得分及排名

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y排名
青杂12−2.667−0.492−0.6250.3700.0210.279−0.8077
三沣660.649−0.182−1.443−1.057−0.9981.049−1.4069
青杂5−0.4672.0150.999−0.999−0.027−0.4770.2514
青杂150.1450.7200.8490.587−1.144−0.1330.2753
青杂70.358−0.2460.6840.069−0.4471.9171.7302
陇油100.5990.3210.1401.6291.7660.7613.5761
NM880.462−0.196−0.604−1.4351.457−0.382−0.5175
阳光850.1420.378−1.0120.3120.306−1.017−0.8066
青杂30.704−0.415−0.5921.121−1.062−1.272−1.48310
青杂60.075−1.9031.605−0.5950.127−0.725−0.8138
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基于主成分分析和聚类分析对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽品质的综合评价
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孙鹏 1, 2, 3, * , 李南 1 , 李硕 2, 3
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(3): 292-302
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (3) : 292 -302
基于主成分分析和聚类分析对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽品质的综合评价
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2Agricultural Products and Processed Products Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing 163319, China
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孙鹏1, 2, 3, * , 李南1, 李硕2, 3
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2农业农村部农产品及加工品质量检验测试中心(大庆),黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 3国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
孙鹏(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品品质鉴评,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙鹏(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Quality of Different Rapeseed Varieties in the Hulunbuir Region Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Peng SUN1, 2, 3, * , Nan LI1, Shuo LI2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2Agricultural Products and Processed Products Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010250
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本研究对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种的油菜籽品质特性进行系统研究,并建立其评价体系。本试验选取10个不同品种的油菜籽,研究不同品种油菜籽各项指标间的差异性。同时采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对油菜籽进行综合性评价,并建立品质评价模型。研究结果表明,不同品种油菜籽关键品质指标存在差异性(P< 0.05),且品质指标间变异系数各不相同,范围为3.07%~91.67%。其中,甾醇、维生素E及矿物质元素等指标变异系数较大,表现出品种间明显的营养结构差异。相关性分析结果显示,部分成分之间具有较强的相关性。由主成分分析发现,不同品种油菜籽的品质评价指标可由6个主成分表示,其累计方差贡献率为85.330%,能够反映原指标的大部分信息。其中,陇油10综合得分最高,其次为青杂7和青杂15,这三个品种在含油量、矿物质元素及甾醇类物质方面表现突出。同时,结合聚类分析结果可知,可将10个不同品种的油菜籽分为6类,其中第Ⅰ类的青杂15、青杂7和陇油10的综合品质最优秀。本研究结果可为呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽品质评价提供参考,并为优良品种的选择及油菜籽资源的区域产业化发展提供理论依据。

呼伦贝尔  /  油菜籽  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析  /  品质评价

This study conducted a systematic analysis of the quality characteristics of different rapeseed varieties from the Hulunbuir region and established a comprehensive evaluation system. Ten rapeseed varieties were selected, and the differences among various quality indicators were examined. Comprehensive evaluation was performed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, leading to the development of a quality assessment model. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in key quality indicators among the varieties, with coefficients of variation ranging from 3.07% to 91.67%. Substantial variation was observed in indicators such as sterols, vitamin E, and mineral elements, reflecting clear differences in nutritional composition among varieties. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between certain components. PCA extracted six principal components, explaining 85.330% of the total variance, effectively representing the majority of the original information. Among the tested varieties, Longyou 10 had the highest comprehensive score, followed by Qingza 7 and Qingza 15, which exhibited superior performance in oil content, mineral elements, and sterol composition. Cluster analysis divided the ten varieties into six groups, among which group I, consisting of Qingza 15, Qingza 7, and Longyou 10, demonstrated the best overall quality. Collectively, this study provides a reference for evaluating the quality of different rapeseed varieties in Hulunbuir and offers a scientific basis for the selection of superior varieties and the regional industrial development of rapeseed resources.

Hulunbuir  /  rapeseed  /  principal component analysis  /  cluster analysis  /  quality evaluation
孙鹏, 李南, 李硕. 基于主成分分析和聚类分析对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽品质的综合评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 292 -302 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010250
Peng SUN, Nan LI, Shuo LI. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Quality of Different Rapeseed Varieties in the Hulunbuir Region Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 292 -302 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010250
油菜籽是全球四大主要油料作物之一,被广泛应用于食用油、饲料和生物能源等领域。在中国,油菜是种植面积最大、分布最广、产量最高的油料作物[1]。呼伦贝尔地区由于其高纬度、昼夜温差大、日照时间长、有效积温利用率高的特点,有利于油料作物脂肪的积累,使该地区的油菜籽在品质上具有独特优势。目前,该地区的油菜籽生产不仅满足了地方市场需求,还向国内其他地区进行调运和销售,成为当地经济增长的重要推动力[2]。因此,系统评估呼伦贝尔地区油菜籽品质特征,对于优化品种布局、提升产品附加值具有重要意义。
近年来,国内外关于油菜籽品质的研究逐渐增多,主要聚焦于品种改良、栽培方式优化及环境因素对油菜籽的影响等方面。例如,国内研究表明,气候条件显著影响冬油菜的生长发育与产量,主要体现在生长周期缩短、物候期提前等方面[3]。国外相关研究表明,通过对油菜籽在干旱胁迫下种子萌发率、根长及幼苗活力等关键性状的筛选,可有效实现抗旱品种的改良与选育[4]。此外,近年来针对油菜籽营养成分的研究也取得了一定进展,如不饱和脂肪酸、甾醇和维生素E等成分的健康益处得到了进一步验证。然而,现有研究多聚焦于单一成分或特定影响因素,缺乏基于同一区域、多个品种的系统性品质比较,尤其是在呼伦贝尔地区,不同品种油菜籽的营养与功能品质尚未得到充分研究限制了区域油菜籽产业的精细化管理与价值提升。
针对上述研究不足,本研究采用差异性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析多种统计方法,对呼伦贝尔地区不同品种油菜籽的品质特性进行系统评估,旨在揭示品种间的质量差异,并为油菜产业的优化管理和可持续发展提供理论依据。通过本研究,期望能够为呼伦贝尔地区油菜籽品质的提升提供具体指导,同时为其他类似生态区的油菜产业发展提供参考,助力地方农业产业化的可持续发展。
油菜籽样品采自呼伦贝尔东部地区 如表1所示,样品采集时间为2023年7月~8月,采集地理位置海拔为1400 m,气候条件相似,日照充足。采集后的样品用清水冲洗干净,晾干后分装于无菌密封袋中,存放于−20 ℃冰箱中备用;硝酸、硫酸、氢氧化钠、硼酸、硫酸铜五水化合物、硫酸钾、氯仿、石油醚、无水乙醚、95%乙醇等分析纯试剂 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;甲醇、无水乙醇、四氢呋喃、正庚烷等色谱级试剂 麦克林国药集团化学试剂有限公司;甾醇系列标准品、维生素E标准品、脂肪酸甲酯标准品等色谱级试剂 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司。
AR2130电子分析天平 澳豪斯国际贸易有限公司(上海);HH-8数显恒温水浴锅 上海力辰仪器科技有限公司;HGK-55全自动凯氏定氮仪 上海赫冠仪器有限公司;DGG-9240A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海森信实验仪器有限公司;MFLX544-12马弗炉 上海马弗炉科技仪器有限公司;e2695高效液相色谱仪 美国Waters公司;QTrap6500三重四极杆质谱仪 美国AB公司;7890B气相色谱仪、Agilent7800电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 安捷伦科技有限公司。
采用残余法,参照农业行业标准NY/T 1285-2007《油料种籽含油量的测定》[5]对油菜籽含油量进行测定。
采用凯氏定氮法,参照国家标准GB 5009.5-2016《食品中蛋白质的测定》[6]对油菜籽中的蛋白质含量进行测定。
采用索氏提取法,参照国家标准GB 5009.6-2016《食品中脂肪的测定》[7]对油菜籽中的脂肪含量进行测定。
采用灼烧法,参照国家标准GB 5009.4-2016《食品中灰分的测定》[8]对油菜籽中的灰分含量进行测定。
采用高效液相色谱法,参照农业行业标准NY/T 1582-2007《油菜籽中硫代葡萄糖苷的测定》[9]对油菜籽中的硫苷含量进行测定。
参考罗银等[10]的方法:称取约1 g油菜籽粉碎成细粉末,将粉碎后的油菜籽样品置于微波消解罐中,加入6.0 mL硝酸,加盖放置过夜,旋紧盖子,放于微波消解仪中消解。程序升温条件如下:a.控制温度120 ℃,升温时间5 min,恒温时间5 min。b.控制温度160 ℃,升温时间5 min,恒温时间10 min。c.控制温度190 ℃,升温时间5 min,恒温时间25 min。消解完冷却后取出,将消化罐盖子打开,放入赶酸器中,于100 ℃加热10 min,用纯水将消解液转移定容至25 mL,混匀备用,同时做空白试验。优化电感耦合等离子体质谱仪条件,用标准调谐液对仪器进行调谐,使仪器保持最佳状态,以元素特定质量数(质荷比,m/z)定性,采用外标法定量,以待测元素质谱信号与内标元素质谱信号的强度比与待测元素的浓度成正比进行定量分析。电感耦合等离子体质谱仪重要参数设置条件:射频功率1500 W,载气流速1 L/min,辅助气流量1.2 L/min,等离子体气流量15 L/min,模拟电压1500 V,脉冲电压1100 V。
采用高效液相色谱法,参照国家标准GB 26635-2011《动植物油脂 生育酚及生育三烯酚含量测定》[11]对油菜籽中的维生素E含量进行测定。
采用液相色谱-质谱法,参照国家标准GB/T 39995-2021《甾醇类物质的测定》[12]对油菜籽中的甾醇含量进行测定。
参考冶梓芩等[13]的方法:称取约1 g油菜籽粉碎成细粉末。将粉碎后的油菜籽样品与1 mL氯仿溶剂混合。料液比大约为1 g/mL。并通过超声波振荡的方式提取,提取时间为1~2 h,直到脂肪酸从油菜籽中完全溶解到溶剂中。提取完成后,通过分液漏斗分离溶剂与水层,收集溶剂层,即为含脂肪酸的溶液。色谱柱采用Wonda Cap WAX(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);进样口和检测器温度设为250 ℃;载气为氮气,流速为1 mL/min;分流比为46:1;进样量为1 μL。升温程序设置为:100 ℃保持13 min,随后以10 ℃/min,升温至180 ℃并保持6 min,再以1 ℃/min升温至200 ℃保持20 min,最后以4 ℃/min升温至230 ℃并维持10.5 min。各脂肪酸采用外标法定量,所有脂肪酸均在相同的提取与色谱分析条件下测定,并通过建立标准曲线对峰面积进行定量分析。
每个样品测定3个平行,通过Microsoft Excel 2023对数据进行整合,数据分析采用IBM SPSS Statistics 27进行方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析。使用Origin 2024b绘制相关性热图。
由表2可知,不同油菜籽品种含油量、脂肪、蛋白质、灰分、硫苷及脂肪酸芥酸含量具有差异性。含油量为40.39%~44.60%,脂肪含量为31.62%~37.79%,蛋白质含量为19.18%~22.16%,灰分含量为4.53~5.03 g/100 g,硫苷含量为21.00~65.73 μmol/g,芥酸含量为0.08%~1.28%。主要成分的变异系数为3.07%~91.67%,其中硫苷及芥酸含量的变异系数最大,表明其含量在不同品种之间差异较为明显。
油菜籽中的含油量和脂肪是衡量营养价值和经济效益的重要指标,10个品种中含油量最高的是陇油10,最低的品种为青杂6,平均值为42.74%。脂肪含量最高的品种是青杂5,最低的品种为青杂6,平均值为34.61%。蛋白质含量最高的品种是青杂3,最低的品种是青杂12,平均值为20.74%。灰分反映无机盐和矿物质水平,含量最高的品种是青杂3,最低的品种是青杂5,平均值为4.78 g/100 g。
双低油菜籽和常规油菜籽之间的主要区别在于它们各自的芥酸和硫苷含量[14]。根据农业行业标准NY/T 1795-2009《双低油菜籽等级规范》[15]和NY 414-2000《低油酸低芥酸菜籽》[16]的规定,样品被划分为五个等级。具体标准如下:第一等级要求含油量不低于43%、硫苷含量不超过35 μmol/g、芥酸含量不超过3%;第二等级要求含油量不低于42%、硫苷含量不超过35 μmol/g、芥酸含量不超过3%;第三等级要求含油量不低于41%、硫苷含量不超过45 μmol/g、芥酸含量不超过5%;第四等级要求含油量不低于39%、硫苷含量不超过45 μmol/g、芥酸含量不超过5%;第五等级要求含油量不低于37%、硫苷含量不超过45 μmol/g、芥酸含量不超过5%。根据这些分级标准,在本研究中,青杂12、三沣66、青杂5和阳光85的含油量、硫苷含量和芥酸含量均符合第一等级要求,因此被划分为第一等级; NM88符合第二等级标准,因而被划分为第二等级;青杂7符合第三等级要求,故被划分为第三等级。然而,青杂15、陇油10和青杂3的硫苷含量分别为65.73、47.22和52.79 μmol/g,均超过35 μmol/g的限制,因此不符合双低油菜籽标准,未纳入分级。硫苷含量未能符合标准,可能与遗传背景和环境因素的共同作用有关。
综合比较发现,陇油10的含油量最高,经济效益优越;青杂5脂肪含量最高,营养价值较高;青杂3在蛋白质和灰分含量方面表现突出,品质稳定;青杂12、三沣66、青杂5和阳光85的含油量、硫苷及芥酸含量均符合双低油菜籽第一等级标准,具有良好的开发潜力。在满足双低标准前提下,优选含油量高、脂肪丰富且抗营养因子含量低的品种,将有助于高品质健康型植物油的选育与推广;硫苷超标品种可作为育种改良材料进一步利用。
由表3可知,不同油菜籽品种钾、钙、铁、钠含量具有差异性。钾含量为6355.88~9519.75 mg/100 g、钙含量为2186.80~3671.35 mg/100 g、铁含量为124.41~424.53 mg/100 g、钠含量为1.98~3.96 mg/100 g。主要成分的变异系数13.98%~39.31%,说明不同成分在不同品种中的变异程度不同。其中,铁的变异系数最大,表明其含量在不同品种之间差异最为显著。
矿物质元素是维持植物正常代谢所必需的营养元素[17]。10个品种中钾含量最高的是青杂7,最低的品种为青杂12,平均值为8173.28 mg/100 g。钙含量最高的品种是青杂6,最低的品种为青杂12,平均值为2895.81 mg/100 g。铁含量最高的品种为青杂6号,最低的品种为青杂5,平均值为221.24 mg/100 g。钠含量最高的品种是陇油10,最低的品种为三沣66,平均值为2.84 mg/100 g。
维生素E(VE)又名生育酚,是生育酚和生育三烯酚的总称,自然存在的维生素E包含α、β、γ、δ-生育酚和α、β、γ、δ-生育三烯酚这8种类型[18];油菜中的维生素E主要以α-生育酚(α-T)和γ-生育酚(γ-T)为主,而δ、β-生育酚(δ、β-T)含量较少,不足1%[19]。本研究共检测到四种生育酚,其中β-T含量极低,在样品检测中低于检出限,因此在数据分析中予以忽略。由表4可知,不同油菜籽品种的维生素E含量具有差异性。α-T含量为6.30~11.48 mg/100 g、γ-T含量为12.31~19.66 mg/100 g、δ-T含量为0.39~2.95 mg/100 g、VE的含量为19.93~31.72 mg/100 g、α-T/γ-T的数值为0.40~0.58。油菜籽中高VE含量和高α-T/γ-T比率是油菜籽品种评价的重要指标[20]。10个品种中VE的含量以及α-T/γ-T比率最高的品种是青杂3。
综合比较发现,青杂7在钾含量上表现最为突出,表明营养物质积累能力强;青杂6在钙和铁含量方面均为最高,具有较高的营养价值;陇油10的钠含量最高,而三沣66最低,可作为低钠品种的参考材料;青杂3的维生素E含量最高,抗氧化能力最显著。因此,优选矿物质元素丰富且维生素E含量高的品种,有助于开发高营养、抗氧化型植物油产品,为油菜籽资源的品质提升和功能利用提供理论依据。
由表5可知,不同油菜籽品种中甾醇类成分含量具有差异性。菜籽甾醇含量为348.32~893.27 mg/kg,麦角甾醇含量为3.23~8.67 mg/kg,菜油甾醇含量为508.72~1784.20 mg/kg,豆甾醇含量为5.01~24.71 mg/kg,β-谷甾醇为1320.15~3641.60 mg/kg,豆烷甾醇为6.74~63.00 mg/kg,胆固醇含量为5.33~23.02 mg/kg。主要成分的变异系数在27.02%~75.96%之间,其中豆烷甾醇的变异系数最大,说明该成分在不同品种中差异最为明显。
甾醇类化合物是评价油脂营养价值和功能活性的关键指标[21],具有降血脂、抗氧化和调节免疫等多种生理活性[22]。10个品种中菜籽甾醇含量最高的品种是青杂15,最低的品种是三沣66,平均值为636.57 mg/kg。麦角甾醇含量最高的品种是青杂15,最低的品种是青杂3,平均值为6.11 mg/kg。菜油甾醇含量最高的品种是青杂5,最低的品种是三沣66,平均值为1166.89 mg/kg。豆甾醇含量最高的品种是青杂12,最低的品种是青杂3,平均值为16.47 mg/kg。β-谷甾醇是油菜籽中含量最多的一类甾醇:在青杂15中含量最高,在三沣66中含量最低,平均值为2678.59 mg/kg;豆烷甾醇含量差异最显著,最高的品种是陇油10,最低的品种是三沣66,平均值为20.13 mg/kg。相对而言,胆固醇作为动物来源的固醇,高胆固醇水平与心血管疾病风险的增加密切相关[23]。因此,其含量越低越有利于人体健康。含量最高的品种是青杂5,最低的是三沣66,平均值为11.71 mg/kg。
综合比较发现,青杂15在β-谷甾醇、菜籽甾醇、麦角甾醇等多项成分上表现突出,且胆固醇含量处于中低水平;青杂5菜油甾醇含量最高,功能性强;三沣66虽甾醇总量较低,但其胆固醇含量最低,适合作为低胆固醇研究参考品种。因此,优选甾醇含量高且胆固醇含量低的品种对开发高品质、健康型植物油具有重要意义。
由表6可知,10个品种之间的大部分饱和脂肪酸含量差异不显著。肉豆蔻酸含量为0.02%~0.05%,棕榈酸为3.63%~17.95%,十七烷酸为0.01%~0.06%,硬脂酸为1.44%~2.59%,花生酸为0.58%~1.22%,山俞酸为0.06%~0.22%,木焦油酸为0.06%~0.10%。各成分的变异系数为11.11%~93.95%,其中棕榈酸的变异系数最大,说明其含量在不同品种间差异最为显著。
肉豆蔻酸是短链脂肪酸,含量最高的品种是青杂6号,最低的品种是三沣66,平均值为0.04%。棕榈酸含量最高的品种是青杂12,最低的品种是青杂15,平均值为4.79%。十七烷酸作为奇数碳链脂肪酸,含量最高的品种是青杂3,最低的品种是青杂12,平均值为0.04%。硬脂酸是细胞膜重要组分,含量最高的品种是青杂5,最低的是青杂12,平均值为1.92%。花生酸具有调节血脂功能,含量最高的品种是青杂3,最低的是青杂12,平均值为1.01%。山俞酸和木焦油酸均属于长链脂肪酸,其中山俞酸在青杂15中含量最高,平均值为0.15%;木焦油酸在青杂12、青杂15与青杂6号之间含量无显著差异,平均值为0.09%。
尽管饱和脂肪酸是油菜籽油脂的重要组成成分,其在植物体内主要承担能量储存与细胞膜稳定的生理功能[24],但目前普遍认为过量摄入饱和脂肪酸对人体健康有负面影响[25]。因此,适量摄入饱和脂肪酸对于维持健康至关重要。综合比较发现,青杂12在棕榈酸含量上显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),而十七烷酸、硬脂酸、花生酸和山俞酸含量较低;青杂5的硬脂酸含量最高,而青杂3的花生酸含量最高;青杂15和青杂5在山俞酸含量上表现突出。因此,在植物油生产中,选择饱和脂肪酸含量较低的品种可能更有利于健康,而高饱和脂肪酸品种需谨慎使用。这为油菜籽资源的品质优化和健康食用油开发提供了重要参考依据。
不饱和脂肪酸主要分为单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸[26]。由表7和表8可知,不同油菜籽品种的单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量部分存在差异。在单不饱和脂肪酸中,棕榈油酸含量为0.14%~0.21%,油酸含量为58.44%~65.24%,花生一烯酸含量为58.44%~65.41%,二十二碳一烯酸含量为0.01%~0.07%,十七碳一烯酸含量为0.08%~0.36%。在多不饱和脂肪酸中,亚油酸含量为18.40%~21.64%,亚麻酸为8.41%~10.03%,花生二烯酸为0.02%~0.08%,二十二碳二烯酸为0.03%~0.10%。主要成分的变异系数为2.83%~76.58%,其中十七碳一烯酸和花生二烯酸的变异系数分别在单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸中最大。
在单不饱和脂肪酸中,油酸是主要成分,具有降低低密度脂蛋白的作用[27],其含量最高的品种是NM88,最低的品种是青杂12,平均值为62.30%。棕榈油酸含量最高的品种是青杂6,最低的品种是青杂15,平均值为0.17%。在多不饱和脂肪酸中,亚油酸是必需脂肪酸,对心血管健康有益[28],含量最高的品种是青杂12,最低的品种是青杂15,平均值为19.345%。亚麻酸具有抗炎作用,含量最高的品种是陇油10,最低的品种是NM88,平均值为9.49%。花生二烯酸和二十二碳二烯酸含量较低,且各品种油菜籽间的差异未达到统计学显著性。
总体而言,油菜籽中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸是最主要的不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是油酸含量丰富的油菜籽在营养脂质结构上具有良好基础,具备作为健康植物油开发原料的潜力。
对10个油菜籽品种的34种成分含量进行皮尔逊相关性分析,结果如图1 所示。相关性热图以颜色深浅表示相关系数大小,红色代表正相关,蓝色代表负相关,分析显示,不同成分间存在显著或极显著的协同或拮抗关系。其中,硫苷与蛋白质、花生酸、二十二碳一烯酸;芥酸与花生一烯酸、胆固醇、菜油甾醇、豆烷甾醇、豆甾醇、花生一烯酸;棕榈酸与棕榈油酸、亚油酸、十七碳一烯酸;钠与钾;铁与麦角甾醇、木焦油酸呈正相关,其中部分相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05)。结果表明,硫苷含量较高的油菜品种可能具有较高的蛋白质水平,同时伴随特定脂肪酸的积累,这可能影响品种的营养价值和风味特征。芥酸含量较高的品种可能伴随甾醇类物质的增加,而甾醇作为重要的生物活性成分,可能影响油脂的氧化稳定性及功能特性。棕榈酸含量较高的品种可能具有更高的不饱和脂肪酸水平,这对于提高油品的营养品质可能具有一定的积极作用。矿物元素的积累可能与甾醇的代谢有关。另外,脂肪与花生二烯酸;钠与二十二碳一烯酸;胆固醇与豆甾醇;β-谷甾醇与菜籽甾醇;山俞酸与硬脂酸呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。结果表明,油菜籽中的脂肪酸、甾醇及矿物元素在代谢和积累过程中可能具有共同的生物合成途径或调控机制。这些成分的协同变化不仅影响油脂的营养价值和氧化稳定性,还可能对品种的选择和改良提供重要依据。因此,这些发现为油菜品种的品质评价和选育提供了有力支持,未来可进一步探究其代谢机制,以优化油菜品种的脂质组成,提升油品的营养价值和市场竞争力。
综合上述分析结果,发现不同品种的油菜籽中的指标之间具有一定的相关性,且各指标测定值所呈现的信息出现重叠现象,因此可进行主成分分析和聚类分析,通过降维的思维来简化数据,进而提高评价的精准性。
主成分分析是一种常用于数据降维的多变量统计方法,能够在减少变量数量的同时最大程度保留原始信息,将具有相关性的多个变量简化为少数独立的综合变量,从而有效地将数据可视化[29]。由于不同品种油菜籽的品质指标之间存在差异,为了消除各数据之间量纲对结果产生的影响,需要对各数据进行标准化处理[30]。根据特征值大于1,对10个品种的34个指标进行主成分分析。根据表9和图2所示,共提取出6个主成分,每个主成分的特征值分别为9.238、6.116、5.06、3.529、2.777、2.292,累计贡献率达85.330%。
为了更清晰地揭示各指标与主成分因子之间的关系,得到因子载荷矩阵[31]。如表10所示,载荷值为正值表示该指标对主成分的影响是正向的,为负值则为负向的影响,载荷值绝对值越大表明对该主成分的影响越深[32]。因此,选择载荷绝对值大于0.6的指标为解释指标,主成分1主要代表的物质是豆甾醇、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生一烯酸、花生酸、花生二烯酸、山俞酸、二十二碳二烯酸、十七碳一烯酸;主成分2主要代表物质是含油量、铁、棕榈油酸;主成分3主要代表物质是钠、钾、胆固醇、菜籽甾醇、豆甾醇;主成分4主要代表物质是硫苷、亚麻酸、维生素E;主成分5主要代表物质是豆烷甾醇、木焦油酸;主成分6主要代表物质是芥酸。
各品种主成分得分根据标准化后的34个指标及主成分载荷矩阵计算,设6个主成分为Y1-Y6,得到各个主成分与34个指标的线性方程为:
Y1=−0.022X1+0.060X2−0.003X3+0.037X4+0.040X5+...+0.062X29+0.096X30+0056X31−0.052X32−0.101X33+0.006X34
Y2=−0.098X1+0.046X2+0.035X3-0.017X4+0.041X5−...−0.085X29+0.029X30+0.049X31+0.018X32+0.049X33−0.088X34
Y3=−0.099X1+0.095X2+0.069X3+0.065X4−0.100X5+...+0.054X29+0.048X30+0.103X31+0.065X32−0.025X33+0.011X34
Y4=0.103X1+0.003X2+0.074X3+0.179X4+0.085X5−...−0.033X29−0.065X30+0.082X31+0.007X32+0.021X33−0.160X34
Y5=0.110X1−0.144X2−0.074X3−0.094X4+0.138X5+...−0.164X29−0.011X30+0.121X31−0.234X32−0.013X33+0.003X34
Y6=0.009X1−0.047X2+0.269X3−0.036X4+0.157X5+...+0.126X29−0.047X30+0.052X31+0.012X32+0.026X33+0.247X34
以6个主成分所对应的方差贡献率为权重,可得到综合评价函数:Y=0.27170Y1+0.45157Y2+0.60038Y3+0.70419Y4+0.78588Y5+0.85330Y6
其中,Y值越大,表明该品种的油菜籽综合品质越好,各品种油菜籽的因子得分、综合评分及排名如表11所示。不同品种的油菜籽排序从高到低依次为陇油10、青杂7、青杂15、青杂5、NM88、阳光85、青杂12、青杂6、三沣66、青杂3。
根据油菜籽品质指标测定结果,采用组间联接法进行系统聚类分析,以欧式距离为度量标准,对10个油菜籽品种进行聚类,得到聚类谱系图。如图3所示,当距离系数为5时,可将10个油菜籽品种划分为6类,其中青杂15、青杂7和陇油10聚为第Ⅰ类;NM88、阳光85和青杂5聚为第Ⅱ类;青杂3为第Ⅲ类;青杂6为第Ⅳ类;三沣66为第Ⅴ类;青杂12为第Ⅵ类。
结合各品种主要品质指标及主成分综合得分结果综合分析,第Ⅰ类油菜籽样品在含油量、矿物质元素、甾醇含量方面表现突出,且综合得分均为正值,说明其整体品质较优,适合作为高营养型油料开发品种;第Ⅱ类品种的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤其在油酸、亚麻酸等营养脂质结构方面优势明显,适宜用于高品质植物油的定向开发;第Ⅲ类青杂3在维生素E含量上表现良好,但由于硫苷和芥酸含量偏高,拉低了整体得分;第Ⅳ类青杂6在芥酸和饱和脂肪酸含量方面偏高,营养品质相对较低;第Ⅴ类三沣66的芥酸、硫苷均处于高值,综合品质一般;第Ⅵ类青杂12则在甾醇含量上具有一定优势,但其不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质和矿物质含量相对较低,导致品质结构不均衡。
本研究对呼伦贝尔地区10个油菜籽品种的理化成分、矿物质元素、维生素E、甾醇和脂肪酸组成的品质指标进行了系统测定与分析,结果表明不同品种油菜籽在品质指标上存在差异性。通过指标间相关性分析发现,不同营养成分之间存在一定程度的相关性,部分指标间信息存在重叠。采用主成分分析对指标进行降维处理,共提取了6个主成分,构建综合评分模型,并对10个油菜籽品种进行品质排序,综合得分由高到低依次为:陇油10、青杂7、青杂15、青杂5、NM88、阳光85、青杂12、青杂6、三沣66、青杂3。基于主成分得分结果进行系统聚类分析,将10个油菜籽品种划分为6类。其中,第Ⅰ类的青杂15、青杂7和陇油10在油酸、甾醇和矿物质元素方面表现优异,综合品质较高,适宜作为高营养油料品种推广种植;第Ⅱ类的NM88、阳光85和青杂5不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤其油酸与亚麻酸水平优越,适宜用于高品质食用油开发;第Ⅲ类青杂3和第Ⅳ类青杂6则在部分指标上表现良好,但硫苷、芥酸和饱和脂肪酸含量偏高,营养安全性相对较低;第Ⅴ类的三沣66综合得分较低,矿物质成分和甾醇含量较少,营养结构不理想,不推荐直接开发为食用油品种;第Ⅵ类的青杂12在甾醇方面具有一定优势,但整体营养分布不均衡,适宜在特定功能方向上加以利用。本研究为呼伦贝尔地区油菜籽品质综合评价及功能型油料品种的筛选提供了理论依据,也为区域油料资源的差异化开发与精准利用提供了数据支撑。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010250
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2农业农村部农产品及加工品质量检验测试中心(大庆),黑龙江大庆 163319
    3国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆 163319

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孙鹏(1982−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品品质鉴评,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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