Article(id=1320883860540338524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852853188, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852853188, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852853188, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852853188, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=274, endPage=283, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883860775219549, articleId=1320883860540338524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Volatile Aroma Component Differences in Fuding Gardenia-scented White Tea with Different Scenting Years Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Technology, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the vintage variations in volatile aroma components of Fuding gardenia-scented white tea using HS-SPME-GC-MS, sensory evaluation, and ROAV analysis. Comparative analysis was conducted on unscented tea blanks, scented tea products, and teas from different production years (2021 and 2023). A total of 492 volatile compounds were identified in both unscented blanks and scented tea, while 378 compounds were detected across different production years. VIP analysis (VIP>1, P<0.05) identified 89 decisive aroma compounds categorized as: Fruity-sweet, floral-honey sweet, floral, woody, herbal, fatty notes. ROAV>10 components including methyl anthranilate, phenethyl isovalerate, and 1-octen-3-one contributed citrusy, sweet-fruity, and rosy floral characteristics. Comparative analysis revealed 19 key differential compounds between 2021 and 2023 vintages. Methyl benzoate, phenethyl isovalerate, and methyl decanoate were characteristic of the superior 2023 vintage, imparting more intense and persistent floral-fruity notes. Ten critical markers (VIP>1, P<0.05) were identified: Methyl benzoate, 2-methylbutyrate, phenethylisovalerate, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one, nonanal, trans-2,4-decadienal, linalool, β-ionone. Post-scenting gardenia-white tea exhibited greater aroma diversity and higher odor activity compared to unscented tea blanks. The 2023 vintage showed enhanced aroma activity over the 2021 batch, serving as a marker for superior quality in newer productions. These findings provide a scientific basis for quality assessment and utilization of Fuding gardenia-scented white tea.

, authors=Jing CHEN1, Xinying LIN1, Yulin QUE2, *, Xianzhou HUANG1, Xiaqiang CAI1, Zhongyi QUE3, Sisi ZHOU3, authorsList=Jing CHEN, Xinying LIN, Yulin QUE, Xianzhou HUANG, Xiaqiang CAI, Zhongyi QUE, Sisi ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yulin QUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883867486105960, articleId=1320883860540338524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析不同年份福鼎栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分差异, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究福鼎栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分的年份差异,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)、感官评价和相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)对窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶及不同窨制年份(2021年、2023年)香气成分进行测定并分析对比。结果显示,窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶挥发性成分共检测出492种,不同窨制年份栀子花白茶挥发性成分共检测出378种。以VIP>1,P<0.05为条件筛选出对栀子花白茶香气起决定性作用的香气成分共有89种,包含果实甜香型、花蜜甜香型、花香型、木质香、草本香、脂香的香气物质。窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶呈香成分(ROAV>10)主要为邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、1-辛烯-3-酮等赋予栀子花白茶柑橘柠檬香甜果味,玫瑰花香甜味等方面的香气。结合ROAV分析不同窨制年份对比挥发性成分的差异,2021年对比2023年栀子花白茶的差异关键挥发性成分共19种,其中可作为区分不同生产窨制年份的香气为苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、癸酸甲酯等赋予品质较好的2023年栀子花白茶花果甜香鲜灵持久的香气特征。研究结果以VIP>1,P<0.05为条件筛选出10种福鼎栀子花白茶的关键挥发性香气成分:苯甲酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、正壬醛、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮,表现为窨制后栀子花白茶对比素茶坯,香气成分种类丰富且活性升高,2023年栀子花白茶香气较之2021年香气活性升高,可作为判别新栀子花白茶品质佳的依据,以上结果可为福鼎栀子花白茶品质评价及综合开发利用提供了科学依据。

, authors=陈静1, 林馨颖1, 阙玉林2, *, 黄先洲1, 蔡吓强1, 阙忠熠3, 周思思3, authorsList=陈静, 林馨颖, 阙玉林, 黄先洲, 蔡吓强, 阙忠熠, 周思思, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=阙玉林, authorNote=

陈静(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶综合利用与品质化学,茶叶关键风味物质分析及调控,E-mail:

林馨颖(1996−),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
阙玉林(1966−),男,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:园艺,E-mail:。
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陈静(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶综合利用与品质化学,茶叶关键风味物质分析及调控,E-mail:

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陈静(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶综合利用与品质化学,茶叶关键风味物质分析及调控,E-mail:

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林馨颖(1996−),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

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林馨颖(1996−),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

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Molecules, 2021, 26(23): 7193., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883867918119273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883867926507882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, companyId=1320883867918119273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Ningde Vocational and Technical College, Fu'an 355000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883867934896491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, companyId=1320883867918119273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁德职业技术学院茶学院,福建福安 355000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883868002005356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883868018782573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, companyId=1320883868002005356, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Fuding Rural Revitalization Service Center, Fuding 355200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883868031365486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, companyId=1320883868002005356, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2福鼎市乡村振兴服务中心,福建福鼎 355200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883868111057263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883868115251568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, companyId=1320883868111057263, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Fuding Dingke Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Fuding 355200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883868123640177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, companyId=1320883868111057263, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3福鼎市鼎科农业开发有限公司,福建福鼎 355200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883874322821536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Appearance and soup color of gardenia white tea, figureFileSmall=sNkGGgbeT1YTYcWFn3aEog==, figureFileBig=p4F/js1D3bxveNNn3kWFZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883875941822881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=图1, caption=栀子花白茶外形与汤色, figureFileSmall=sNkGGgbeT1YTYcWFn3aEog==, figureFileBig=p4F/js1D3bxveNNn3kWFZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876138955170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Types of aroma components in gardenia white tea, figureFileSmall=gE80gNzCrEMKpOSBw3jdjg==, figureFileBig=kh9YgSnp6fybGQzbRHqmqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876214452643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=栀子花白茶香气成分种类数量图, figureFileSmall=gE80gNzCrEMKpOSBw3jdjg==, figureFileBig=kh9YgSnp6fybGQzbRHqmqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876319310244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PCA score plot (a) and R2X vs Q2 score plot (b) of mass spectrometry data for each group of gardenia white tea samples and quality control samples, figureFileSmall=E4ZGfLK29IZbfv7jTMBy7w==, figureFileBig=Rk+SFIVxPLZwIShnb08aiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876407390629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=图3, caption=栀子花白茶各组样品与质控样品质谱数据的PCA图(a)和样本R2X与Q2分布图(b), figureFileSmall=E4ZGfLK29IZbfv7jTMBy7w==, figureFileBig=Rk+SFIVxPLZwIShnb08aiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876487082406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=OPLS-DA analysis of aroma components in gardenia white tea aged in different years, figureFileSmall=EUVglE2mmkZnOdWy3bbBQQ==, figureFileBig=8aiXLxXz9VWZtaTQkG1Djw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876554191271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同年份窨制栀子花白茶香气成分OPLS-DA分析

注:(a)OPLS-DA得分图;(b)OPLS-DA验证图。

, figureFileSmall=EUVglE2mmkZnOdWy3bbBQQ==, figureFileBig=8aiXLxXz9VWZtaTQkG1Djw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876621300136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=OPLS-DA analysis of differences in aroma components between raw tea and gardenia white tea, figureFileSmall=dpq8+J3EoLEbqOWTJKxarA==, figureFileBig=8HFWreruvDp86ZLxwtXO6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876688409001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=图5, caption=原茶坯及栀子花白茶差异香气成分OPLS-DA分析

注:(a)OPLS-DA得分图;(b)OPLS-DA验证图。

, figureFileSmall=dpq8+J3EoLEbqOWTJKxarA==, figureFileBig=8HFWreruvDp86ZLxwtXO6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883876763906474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation results of gardenia white tea before and after fermentation and in different years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品名品类外形汤色香气滋味叶底总分
评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分
1白牡丹茶坯
(BMD-CK)
白茶芽叶连枝,绿,毫显90杏黄明亮清澈92清纯90清,鲜爽92肥厚,绿润9091
2栀子花白茶
(BMDZ-2021)
再加工茶芽叶尚连枝,绿欠亮,毫显89深黄,明84果香显,尚鲜灵87醇厚,微有涩味84肥厚,绿匀尚亮8586
3栀子花白茶
(BMDZ-2023)
芽叶连枝,绿尚亮,毫显90浅黄,明90果香浓甜,鲜灵95浓爽,水含香96肥厚,绿匀9094
), ArticleFig(id=1320883876835209643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

栀子花白茶窨制前后及不同年份栀子花白茶感官评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号品名品类外形汤色香气滋味叶底总分
评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分
1白牡丹茶坯
(BMD-CK)
白茶芽叶连枝,绿,毫显90杏黄明亮清澈92清纯90清,鲜爽92肥厚,绿润9091
2栀子花白茶
(BMDZ-2021)
再加工茶芽叶尚连枝,绿欠亮,毫显89深黄,明84果香显,尚鲜灵87醇厚,微有涩味84肥厚,绿匀尚亮8586
3栀子花白茶
(BMDZ-2023)
芽叶连枝,绿尚亮,毫显90浅黄,明90果香浓甜,鲜灵95浓爽,水含香96肥厚,绿匀9094
), ArticleFig(id=1320883876927484332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Different aroma components screening and OAV values of gardenia white tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号挥发性成分CAS号保留指数香气阈值(μg/g)ROAV值VIPP值香气描述
BMD-CKBMDZ-2021BMDZ-2023
1酯类丁位十二内酯713-95-117200.0084.92±1.01a1.93±0.47b1.31±0.06b1.3530.01378奶油香,椰子香,甜香
2丙位辛内酯104-50-712610.01819.73±1.39a23.03±3.47a23.24±3.23a1.0260.01259椰子香,甜香
3葫芦巴内酯28664-35-911100.011330.94±7.32c747.22±57.68b1456.72±14.07a1.2330.00011焦糖、咖啡
4邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯85-91-614080.0202.84±0.13a0.08±0.004b0.14±0.002b1.2460.00000清香、果香
5苯甲酸己酯6789-88-415800.0730.07±0.04b2.48±0.44b19.32±2.03a1.3570.00005木香、轻微的果香
6苯甲酸甲酯93-58-310980.0012649.72±59.69b7624.14±2508.55b15066.52±132.01a1.2030.03471花果香、似依兰花香与樱桃果香
72-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯2445-78-511050.0751.49±0.12c4.49±0.28b9.33±0.16a1.2710.00002橘皮香、花香、甜果香
82-甲基丁酸异
丁酯
2445-67-210040.0432.17±0.12a1.19±0.19b1.77±0.14a1.3010.00039甜果香
92-甲基丁酸3-甲基丁酯27625-35-011010.1400.80±0.07c2.40±0.15b5.00±0.09a1.2710.00002果香
10异戊酸己酯10032-15-212360.0220.30±0.09b43.50±2.45b230.15±39.58a1.3340.00073带刺激性的生果实气味
112-甲基丁酸丙酯539-90-29540.0093.55±0.04a2.83±0.17b0.75±0.04c1.3010.00004带刺激性酒香、果味
12异戊酸苯乙酯140-26-114910.0008946.60±1186.29c101405.89±9441.58b202957.38±9407.84a1.2500.00002花果味、似玫瑰花香与柑橘香
133-甲基丁酸苯
甲酯
103-38-813950.0101.07±0.38c5.51±0.23b12.99±0.24a1.1550.00003清香、果香似苹果和蓝干酪香气
14丁酸己酯2639-63-611900.2030.17±0.01c1.19±0.07b1.92±0.05a1.1720.00015清香、强烈的混合水果香气和菠萝
香昧
15癸酸甲酯110-42-913260.0041.46±0.07b3.53±1.91b54.11±1.03a1.2680.00001带刺激性酒香、花果香
162-甲基丁基己
酸酯
2601-13-012470.03212.11±0.09a8.27±1.87a2.77±0.35b1.3270.00113−
17己酸丁酯626-82-411890.7000.10±0.004c0.59±0.03b1.49±0.04a1.3230.00000果香
18己酸乙酯123-66-09990.0057.33±0.29a4.02±0.44b5.04±0.37b1.3830.00008甜香、柑橘香
(橙皮香)
19异戊酸异丁酯589-59-310050.0342.75±0.15a1.50±0.24b2.24±0.18a1.3010.00039甜香、柑橘香
(橙皮香)
20异丁酸2-甲基丁酯2445-69-410160.0145.83±0.24a5.35±0.91a6.33±0.35a1.2400.01148热带果香
汇总20种
1酮类对甲基苯乙酮122-00-911830.022.95±0.32ab3.77±0.49a1.35±0.52b1.0120.00109甜果香、坚果味似香草的香味
21-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-69760.0010730.71±364.17b8655.56±481.09b13813.33±980.31a1.3600.00060−
3(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮488-10-813950.001599.87±21.65a356.68±57.05b42.23±5.30c1.4070.00000花香、似优雅的茉莉花香
4甲基壬基甲酮112-12-912950.016.81±0.33b7.33±0.48b100.14±1.07a1.2280.00000呈柑橘类、油脂和芸香似香气
5(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮30086-02-310730.004764.31±149.44a1423.48±89.66b1778.50±24.71b1.3660.00000果香、草香
62,2-二甲基-3-己酮5405-79-88680.001.10±0.67c10.88±1.31b15.65±0.33a1.0920.00012−
74-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮141-79-77980.201.73±0.02a1.46±0.15ab1.15±0.01b1.3070.00176似蜂蜜般的花蜜
甜香
8异佛尔酮78-59-111230.015.61±0.27b12.42±1.06a1.28±0.72c1.0080.00000带刺激性的气味
汇总8种17113.0910471.5815753.63
1醛类3,6-壬二烯醛21944-83-211000.000138941.58±2734.63c113048.32±9165.24b225718.56±2196.92a1.22660.0002清香
2(S)-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醛18031-40-812070.03001.22±0.09b2.54±0.09b4.92±0.66a1.15610.0061果香
3反式-2,4-癸二
烯醛
25152-84-513200.0001265.38±73.40c14430.33±1920.42b69099.04±379.66a1.34460.0000果香
4(Z)-癸-2-烯醛2497-25-812520.050021.65±1.10a7.81±0.75b2.31±0.03c1.40900.0000果香
55-甲基糠醛620-02-09650.50001.80±0.02ab1.94±0.02a1.70±0.09c1.20310.0003花香
6(Z)-3-己烯醛6789-80-68000.004025.29±0.71a6.28±0.80b6.64±0.25b1.36940.0000果香
7反-4-癸烯醛65405-70-111980.02507.21±1.43b25.14±0.74b66.05±9.11a1.30190.0025甜香、柑橘香
8(4Z)-4-庚烯醛62238-34-08990.004213.79±0.45a5.88±0.77b6.30±0.30b1.36590.0002甜香、柑橘香
9顺-4-庚烯醛6728-31-09000.00003713.73±52.57a1602.81±224.48b1840.87±111.96b1.35180.0001油脂味
10(Z)-6-壬醛2277-19-211040.000138965.82±716.96c85313.49±5540.75b175900.38±1655.52a1.27450.0000−
11苯甲醛100-52-79620.350015.63±0.76a11.51±0.79b4.03±0.32c1.32320.0001焦糖、杏仁香
12苯乙醛122-78-1x0.006384.84±4.93c690.02±48.01b1317.94±108.49a1.23220.0002高浓度时带强烈风信子花香、低浓度时有杏仁、樱桃
果香
13庚醛111-71-79010.002866.56±2.02a24.83±2.18c34.72±0.52b1.34100.0000果香
14己醛66-25-18000.0050125.45±1.49a28.11±3.13b32.01±0.34b1.35950.0000苹果香味、青草气
15正壬醛124-19-611050.0010676.90±32.36c1635.09±58.30b3107.30±44.40a1.19140.0001强烈甜橙香
汇总15种82926.84216834.12477142.76
1醇类3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇29957-43-511070.118.25±0.11c42.66±1.41b72.02±1.49a1.180.00草木香
21-庚醇111-70-69700.0084.90±8.00a7.96±0.43b19.52±1.37b1.170.00辛香、柑橘香
31-辛醇111-87-510690.0210.36±0.04a7.51±0.50b6.20±0.04c1.380.00浓郁的花果香、似柑橘香、玫瑰香
4反式-2-辛烯-1-醇18409-17-110670.029.24±0.06b14.06±0.72a5.17±0.23c1.060.00柑橘香
5(Z)-3-己烯醇928-96-18560.0537.97±3.75a18.63±4.49b15.44±0.40b1.340.01似玫瑰花香、果甜香
63-辛醇589-98-09940.081.69±0.14a1.65±0.05a0.38±0.01b1.250.00坚果香
7脱氢芳樟醇20053-88-711060.118.25±0.11c42.66±1.41b72.02±1.49a1.180.00花香、清香、木质香
82-苯乙醇60-12-811160.14110.57±4.01a94.42±7.73a39.20±8.24b1.280.00玫瑰花香
汇总8种
1萜类脱氢Β-环柠檬醛116-26-712050.0032.94±4.01c155.75±11.22b304.94 ±97.73a1.220.00天然的清香
2胡萝卜醇465-28-115940.010.25±0.09c0.80±0.13b1.67±0.07a1.030.01
3萜品油烯586-62-910900.2020.09±0.29a25.34±2.93a21.22±1.75a1.020.00柑橘味
4香叶醇106-24-112550.01547.33±26.79a185.29±16.87b149.48±10.34b1.420.00花香、果香气味
5芳樟醇78-70-611000.011070.39±17.58c2432.26±178.36b4812.60±47.41a1.240.00柑橘花香、甜玫瑰气味
6δ-杜松烯483-76-115240.0052.24±2.76c145.11±24.53b228.65±1.43a1.050.00木质香味
7β-紫罗兰酮79-77-614920.0018093.81±275.54a12375.90±2576.97a3373.18±1965.11b1.230.00木香和紫罗兰花香
8β-罗勒烯3779-61-110490.0353.03±1.66c126.00±12.08b387.59±15.93a1.390.00柑橘柠檬味
汇总8种
1芳烃1,2,4,5-四甲基苯95-93-211150.093.08±0.31a3.51±0.27a2.83±0.20a1.130.00甜香
21,2,4-三甲基苯95-63-69940.260.60±0.03b1.28±0.05b2.44±0.47a1.050.03芳香
31,4-二氯苯106-46-710210.0317.60±1.58a9.13±0.44b8.17±1.10b1.390.00芳香
41-甲基-4-硝基-苯99-99-012120.0039.20±3.28b67.19±3.81b192.26±28.54a1.340.01杏仁香
54-烯丙基苯
甲醚
140-67-012020.042.50±0.26ab3.15±0.16a1.82±0.30b1.100.00草本香气
6萘91-20-311890.0515.32±1.25b20.85±1.23a4.12±0.43c1.150.00辛香
71,2,3,4-四氢萘119-64-211550.051.81±0.14a1.94±0.11a0.77±0.09b1.210.00薄荷香
汇总7种
1杂环化合物桃醛104-67-615770.000.85±0.04b0.91±0.06b9.71±0.64a1.230.00果香、奶油香
25-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮2407-43-49660.0191.23±0.91ab99.23±0.95a86.74±4.69b1.200.00甜果香、焦糖枫味
35-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋
喃酮
698-10-211950.00136828.99±1786.28a130705.92±7308.64a190164.38±28181.72a1.130.04甜果香、焦糖枫味
42-乙酰基1,4,5,6-四氢吡啶25343-57-110610.00253.00±6.74b330.24±16.39a206.27±14.03c1.080.00焦糖味
52-乙酰基3,4,5,6-四氢吡啶27300-27-210640.00145.75±4.52a133.38±5.71a103.03±0.34b1.310.00焦糖味、似烤面包
62-乙氧基-3-甲基吡嗪32737-14-710650.002254.74±60.01a1849.68±158.48b1168.67±34.05b1.330.00烤杏仁味
72-乙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪25680-58-410540.015.75±0.05a5.96±0.27a2.44±0.10b1.230.00坚果味
85-甲基-2-呋喃甲硫醇59303-05-89950.003034.78±102.24a3060.40±133.93a2448.15±183.44b1.230.00烘焙咖啡味
92-噻吩甲基硫醇6258-63-511050.0017711.13±456.24c39224.72±3360.60b74257.85±708.50a1.200.00烘焙咖啡
10四氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮823-22-310950.0314.72±0.21c32.80±2.02b65.61±0.58a1.250.00−
113-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪19846-22-110570.00574.90±5.31a595.87±27.26a243.62±9.60b1.230.00−
12苯并噻唑95-16-912280.080.08±0.04c3.32±0.31b7.14±1.25a1.230.00带刺激性的气味
132-乙酰基噻吩88-15-310920.00798.14±41.97c2236.11±219.2b4208.25±44.14a1.220.00坚果味、似榛子、核桃味
142-戊基呋喃3777-69-39920.01225.94±9.63a125.09±6.70b221.10±9.62a1.280.00果味
15吲哚120-72-912980.040.30±0.11b5.61±2.12b355.86±14.75a1.380.00花香
163-甲基-1H-吲哚83-34-113910.002.56±0.12b2.75±0.18b30.05±2.42a1.220.00−
172-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪15707-23-010040.240.90±0.09c3.90±0.13b8.28±1.05a1.260.00坚果味
182-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪13360-64-010050.0213.45±1.29c58.50±1.95b124.24±15.70a1.260.00咖啡味
192-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪25773-40-410970.00106247.95±36987.11c488905.74±53595.19b892602.56±8149.59a1.050.00土豆味
汇总19种268205.14667380.111166313.95
1酚类子香酚97-53-013620.006.47±4.98c33.56±8.46b73.12±3.22a1.270.00花香
汇总1种
1胺类N,N-二甲基-苯胺121-69-711010.0115.77±0.37c35.45±3.64b64.76±0.60a1.170.00−
汇总1种15.7735.4564.76
1含氮化合物十二腈2437-25-414900.001388.10±66.34a591.81±105.20b388.06±10.62b1.410.00橘橙皮
汇总1种
1含硫化合物苯甲硫醇100-53-810920.00701817.87±17337.21c1619028.61±132454.04b3065890.36±31197.09a1.210.00带刺激性混合气味
汇总1种
), ArticleFig(id=1320883877053313453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883860540338524, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

栀子花白茶差异香气成分筛选及ROAV值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号挥发性成分CAS号保留指数香气阈值(μg/g)ROAV值VIPP值香气描述
BMD-CKBMDZ-2021BMDZ-2023
1酯类丁位十二内酯713-95-117200.0084.92±1.01a1.93±0.47b1.31±0.06b1.3530.01378奶油香,椰子香,甜香
2丙位辛内酯104-50-712610.01819.73±1.39a23.03±3.47a23.24±3.23a1.0260.01259椰子香,甜香
3葫芦巴内酯28664-35-911100.011330.94±7.32c747.22±57.68b1456.72±14.07a1.2330.00011焦糖、咖啡
4邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯85-91-614080.0202.84±0.13a0.08±0.004b0.14±0.002b1.2460.00000清香、果香
5苯甲酸己酯6789-88-415800.0730.07±0.04b2.48±0.44b19.32±2.03a1.3570.00005木香、轻微的果香
6苯甲酸甲酯93-58-310980.0012649.72±59.69b7624.14±2508.55b15066.52±132.01a1.2030.03471花果香、似依兰花香与樱桃果香
72-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯2445-78-511050.0751.49±0.12c4.49±0.28b9.33±0.16a1.2710.00002橘皮香、花香、甜果香
82-甲基丁酸异
丁酯
2445-67-210040.0432.17±0.12a1.19±0.19b1.77±0.14a1.3010.00039甜果香
92-甲基丁酸3-甲基丁酯27625-35-011010.1400.80±0.07c2.40±0.15b5.00±0.09a1.2710.00002果香
10异戊酸己酯10032-15-212360.0220.30±0.09b43.50±2.45b230.15±39.58a1.3340.00073带刺激性的生果实气味
112-甲基丁酸丙酯539-90-29540.0093.55±0.04a2.83±0.17b0.75±0.04c1.3010.00004带刺激性酒香、果味
12异戊酸苯乙酯140-26-114910.0008946.60±1186.29c101405.89±9441.58b202957.38±9407.84a1.2500.00002花果味、似玫瑰花香与柑橘香
133-甲基丁酸苯
甲酯
103-38-813950.0101.07±0.38c5.51±0.23b12.99±0.24a1.1550.00003清香、果香似苹果和蓝干酪香气
14丁酸己酯2639-63-611900.2030.17±0.01c1.19±0.07b1.92±0.05a1.1720.00015清香、强烈的混合水果香气和菠萝
香昧
15癸酸甲酯110-42-913260.0041.46±0.07b3.53±1.91b54.11±1.03a1.2680.00001带刺激性酒香、花果香
162-甲基丁基己
酸酯
2601-13-012470.03212.11±0.09a8.27±1.87a2.77±0.35b1.3270.00113−
17己酸丁酯626-82-411890.7000.10±0.004c0.59±0.03b1.49±0.04a1.3230.00000果香
18己酸乙酯123-66-09990.0057.33±0.29a4.02±0.44b5.04±0.37b1.3830.00008甜香、柑橘香
(橙皮香)
19异戊酸异丁酯589-59-310050.0342.75±0.15a1.50±0.24b2.24±0.18a1.3010.00039甜香、柑橘香
(橙皮香)
20异丁酸2-甲基丁酯2445-69-410160.0145.83±0.24a5.35±0.91a6.33±0.35a1.2400.01148热带果香
汇总20种
1酮类对甲基苯乙酮122-00-911830.022.95±0.32ab3.77±0.49a1.35±0.52b1.0120.00109甜果香、坚果味似香草的香味
21-辛烯-3-酮4312-99-69760.0010730.71±364.17b8655.56±481.09b13813.33±980.31a1.3600.00060−
3(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮488-10-813950.001599.87±21.65a356.68±57.05b42.23±5.30c1.4070.00000花香、似优雅的茉莉花香
4甲基壬基甲酮112-12-912950.016.81±0.33b7.33±0.48b100.14±1.07a1.2280.00000呈柑橘类、油脂和芸香似香气
5(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮30086-02-310730.004764.31±149.44a1423.48±89.66b1778.50±24.71b1.3660.00000果香、草香
62,2-二甲基-3-己酮5405-79-88680.001.10±0.67c10.88±1.31b15.65±0.33a1.0920.00012−
74-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮141-79-77980.201.73±0.02a1.46±0.15ab1.15±0.01b1.3070.00176似蜂蜜般的花蜜
甜香
8异佛尔酮78-59-111230.015.61±0.27b12.42±1.06a1.28±0.72c1.0080.00000带刺激性的气味
汇总8种17113.0910471.5815753.63
1醛类3,6-壬二烯醛21944-83-211000.000138941.58±2734.63c113048.32±9165.24b225718.56±2196.92a1.22660.0002清香
2(S)-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醛18031-40-812070.03001.22±0.09b2.54±0.09b4.92±0.66a1.15610.0061果香
3反式-2,4-癸二
烯醛
25152-84-513200.0001265.38±73.40c14430.33±1920.42b69099.04±379.66a1.34460.0000果香
4(Z)-癸-2-烯醛2497-25-812520.050021.65±1.10a7.81±0.75b2.31±0.03c1.40900.0000果香
55-甲基糠醛620-02-09650.50001.80±0.02ab1.94±0.02a1.70±0.09c1.20310.0003花香
6(Z)-3-己烯醛6789-80-68000.004025.29±0.71a6.28±0.80b6.64±0.25b1.36940.0000果香
7反-4-癸烯醛65405-70-111980.02507.21±1.43b25.14±0.74b66.05±9.11a1.30190.0025甜香、柑橘香
8(4Z)-4-庚烯醛62238-34-08990.004213.79±0.45a5.88±0.77b6.30±0.30b1.36590.0002甜香、柑橘香
9顺-4-庚烯醛6728-31-09000.00003713.73±52.57a1602.81±224.48b1840.87±111.96b1.35180.0001油脂味
10(Z)-6-壬醛2277-19-211040.000138965.82±716.96c85313.49±5540.75b175900.38±1655.52a1.27450.0000−
11苯甲醛100-52-79620.350015.63±0.76a11.51±0.79b4.03±0.32c1.32320.0001焦糖、杏仁香
12苯乙醛122-78-1x0.006384.84±4.93c690.02±48.01b1317.94±108.49a1.23220.0002高浓度时带强烈风信子花香、低浓度时有杏仁、樱桃
果香
13庚醛111-71-79010.002866.56±2.02a24.83±2.18c34.72±0.52b1.34100.0000果香
14己醛66-25-18000.0050125.45±1.49a28.11±3.13b32.01±0.34b1.35950.0000苹果香味、青草气
15正壬醛124-19-611050.0010676.90±32.36c1635.09±58.30b3107.30±44.40a1.19140.0001强烈甜橙香
汇总15种82926.84216834.12477142.76
1醇类3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇29957-43-511070.118.25±0.11c42.66±1.41b72.02±1.49a1.180.00草木香
21-庚醇111-70-69700.0084.90±8.00a7.96±0.43b19.52±1.37b1.170.00辛香、柑橘香
31-辛醇111-87-510690.0210.36±0.04a7.51±0.50b6.20±0.04c1.380.00浓郁的花果香、似柑橘香、玫瑰香
4反式-2-辛烯-1-醇18409-17-110670.029.24±0.06b14.06±0.72a5.17±0.23c1.060.00柑橘香
5(Z)-3-己烯醇928-96-18560.0537.97±3.75a18.63±4.49b15.44±0.40b1.340.01似玫瑰花香、果甜香
63-辛醇589-98-09940.081.69±0.14a1.65±0.05a0.38±0.01b1.250.00坚果香
7脱氢芳樟醇20053-88-711060.118.25±0.11c42.66±1.41b72.02±1.49a1.180.00花香、清香、木质香
82-苯乙醇60-12-811160.14110.57±4.01a94.42±7.73a39.20±8.24b1.280.00玫瑰花香
汇总8种
1萜类脱氢Β-环柠檬醛116-26-712050.0032.94±4.01c155.75±11.22b304.94 ±97.73a1.220.00天然的清香
2胡萝卜醇465-28-115940.010.25±0.09c0.80±0.13b1.67±0.07a1.030.01
3萜品油烯586-62-910900.2020.09±0.29a25.34±2.93a21.22±1.75a1.020.00柑橘味
4香叶醇106-24-112550.01547.33±26.79a185.29±16.87b149.48±10.34b1.420.00花香、果香气味
5芳樟醇78-70-611000.011070.39±17.58c2432.26±178.36b4812.60±47.41a1.240.00柑橘花香、甜玫瑰气味
6δ-杜松烯483-76-115240.0052.24±2.76c145.11±24.53b228.65±1.43a1.050.00木质香味
7β-紫罗兰酮79-77-614920.0018093.81±275.54a12375.90±2576.97a3373.18±1965.11b1.230.00木香和紫罗兰花香
8β-罗勒烯3779-61-110490.0353.03±1.66c126.00±12.08b387.59±15.93a1.390.00柑橘柠檬味
汇总8种
1芳烃1,2,4,5-四甲基苯95-93-211150.093.08±0.31a3.51±0.27a2.83±0.20a1.130.00甜香
21,2,4-三甲基苯95-63-69940.260.60±0.03b1.28±0.05b2.44±0.47a1.050.03芳香
31,4-二氯苯106-46-710210.0317.60±1.58a9.13±0.44b8.17±1.10b1.390.00芳香
41-甲基-4-硝基-苯99-99-012120.0039.20±3.28b67.19±3.81b192.26±28.54a1.340.01杏仁香
54-烯丙基苯
甲醚
140-67-012020.042.50±0.26ab3.15±0.16a1.82±0.30b1.100.00草本香气
6萘91-20-311890.0515.32±1.25b20.85±1.23a4.12±0.43c1.150.00辛香
71,2,3,4-四氢萘119-64-211550.051.81±0.14a1.94±0.11a0.77±0.09b1.210.00薄荷香
汇总7种
1杂环化合物桃醛104-67-615770.000.85±0.04b0.91±0.06b9.71±0.64a1.230.00果香、奶油香
25-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮2407-43-49660.0191.23±0.91ab99.23±0.95a86.74±4.69b1.200.00甜果香、焦糖枫味
35-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋
喃酮
698-10-211950.00136828.99±1786.28a130705.92±7308.64a190164.38±28181.72a1.130.04甜果香、焦糖枫味
42-乙酰基1,4,5,6-四氢吡啶25343-57-110610.00253.00±6.74b330.24±16.39a206.27±14.03c1.080.00焦糖味
52-乙酰基3,4,5,6-四氢吡啶27300-27-210640.00145.75±4.52a133.38±5.71a103.03±0.34b1.310.00焦糖味、似烤面包
62-乙氧基-3-甲基吡嗪32737-14-710650.002254.74±60.01a1849.68±158.48b1168.67±34.05b1.330.00烤杏仁味
72-乙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪25680-58-410540.015.75±0.05a5.96±0.27a2.44±0.10b1.230.00坚果味
85-甲基-2-呋喃甲硫醇59303-05-89950.003034.78±102.24a3060.40±133.93a2448.15±183.44b1.230.00烘焙咖啡味
92-噻吩甲基硫醇6258-63-511050.0017711.13±456.24c39224.72±3360.60b74257.85±708.50a1.200.00烘焙咖啡
10四氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮823-22-310950.0314.72±0.21c32.80±2.02b65.61±0.58a1.250.00−
113-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪19846-22-110570.00574.90±5.31a595.87±27.26a243.62±9.60b1.230.00−
12苯并噻唑95-16-912280.080.08±0.04c3.32±0.31b7.14±1.25a1.230.00带刺激性的气味
132-乙酰基噻吩88-15-310920.00798.14±41.97c2236.11±219.2b4208.25±44.14a1.220.00坚果味、似榛子、核桃味
142-戊基呋喃3777-69-39920.01225.94±9.63a125.09±6.70b221.10±9.62a1.280.00果味
15吲哚120-72-912980.040.30±0.11b5.61±2.12b355.86±14.75a1.380.00花香
163-甲基-1H-吲哚83-34-113910.002.56±0.12b2.75±0.18b30.05±2.42a1.220.00−
172-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪15707-23-010040.240.90±0.09c3.90±0.13b8.28±1.05a1.260.00坚果味
182-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪13360-64-010050.0213.45±1.29c58.50±1.95b124.24±15.70a1.260.00咖啡味
192-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪25773-40-410970.00106247.95±36987.11c488905.74±53595.19b892602.56±8149.59a1.050.00土豆味
汇总19种268205.14667380.111166313.95
1酚类子香酚97-53-013620.006.47±4.98c33.56±8.46b73.12±3.22a1.270.00花香
汇总1种
1胺类N,N-二甲基-苯胺121-69-711010.0115.77±0.37c35.45±3.64b64.76±0.60a1.170.00−
汇总1种15.7735.4564.76
1含氮化合物十二腈2437-25-414900.001388.10±66.34a591.81±105.20b388.06±10.62b1.410.00橘橙皮
汇总1种
1含硫化合物苯甲硫醇100-53-810920.00701817.87±17337.21c1619028.61±132454.04b3065890.36±31197.09a1.210.00带刺激性混合气味
汇总1种
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基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析不同年份福鼎栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分差异
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陈静 1 , 林馨颖 1 , 阙玉林 2, * , 黄先洲 1 , 蔡吓强 1 , 阙忠熠 3 , 周思思 3
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(6): 274-283
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (6) : 274 -283
基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析不同年份福鼎栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分差异
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陈静(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶综合利用与品质化学,茶叶关键风味物质分析及调控,E-mail:

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陈静(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶综合利用与品质化学,茶叶关键风味物质分析及调控,E-mail:

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林馨颖(1996−),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

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陈静1 , 林馨颖1 , 阙玉林2, * , 黄先洲1, 蔡吓强1, 阙忠熠3, 周思思3
作者信息
  • 1宁德职业技术学院茶学院,福建福安 355000
  • 2福鼎市乡村振兴服务中心,福建福鼎 355200
  • 3福鼎市鼎科农业开发有限公司,福建福鼎 355200
通讯作者:
阙玉林(1966−),男,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:园艺,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈静(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶综合利用与品质化学,茶叶关键风味物质分析及调控,E-mail:

林馨颖(1996−),女,硕士,助教,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

Analysis of Volatile Aroma Component Differences in Fuding Gardenia-scented White Tea with Different Scenting Years Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Technology
Jing CHEN1 , Xinying LIN1 , Yulin QUE2, * , Xianzhou HUANG1, Xiaqiang CAI1, Zhongyi QUE3, Sisi ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1Ningde Vocational and Technical College, Fu'an 355000, China
  • 2Fuding Rural Revitalization Service Center, Fuding 355200, China
  • 3Fuding Dingke Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Fuding 355200, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010191
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为探究福鼎栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分的年份差异,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)、感官评价和相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)对窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶及不同窨制年份(2021年、2023年)香气成分进行测定并分析对比。结果显示,窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶挥发性成分共检测出492种,不同窨制年份栀子花白茶挥发性成分共检测出378种。以VIP>1,P<0.05为条件筛选出对栀子花白茶香气起决定性作用的香气成分共有89种,包含果实甜香型、花蜜甜香型、花香型、木质香、草本香、脂香的香气物质。窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶呈香成分(ROAV>10)主要为邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、1-辛烯-3-酮等赋予栀子花白茶柑橘柠檬香甜果味,玫瑰花香甜味等方面的香气。结合ROAV分析不同窨制年份对比挥发性成分的差异,2021年对比2023年栀子花白茶的差异关键挥发性成分共19种,其中可作为区分不同生产窨制年份的香气为苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、癸酸甲酯等赋予品质较好的2023年栀子花白茶花果甜香鲜灵持久的香气特征。研究结果以VIP>1,P<0.05为条件筛选出10种福鼎栀子花白茶的关键挥发性香气成分:苯甲酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、正壬醛、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮,表现为窨制后栀子花白茶对比素茶坯,香气成分种类丰富且活性升高,2023年栀子花白茶香气较之2021年香气活性升高,可作为判别新栀子花白茶品质佳的依据,以上结果可为福鼎栀子花白茶品质评价及综合开发利用提供了科学依据。

福鼎栀子花白茶  /  窨制年份  /  相对气味活度值  /  香气  /  顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用

This study investigated the vintage variations in volatile aroma components of Fuding gardenia-scented white tea using HS-SPME-GC-MS, sensory evaluation, and ROAV analysis. Comparative analysis was conducted on unscented tea blanks, scented tea products, and teas from different production years (2021 and 2023). A total of 492 volatile compounds were identified in both unscented blanks and scented tea, while 378 compounds were detected across different production years. VIP analysis (VIP>1, P<0.05) identified 89 decisive aroma compounds categorized as: Fruity-sweet, floral-honey sweet, floral, woody, herbal, fatty notes. ROAV>10 components including methyl anthranilate, phenethyl isovalerate, and 1-octen-3-one contributed citrusy, sweet-fruity, and rosy floral characteristics. Comparative analysis revealed 19 key differential compounds between 2021 and 2023 vintages. Methyl benzoate, phenethyl isovalerate, and methyl decanoate were characteristic of the superior 2023 vintage, imparting more intense and persistent floral-fruity notes. Ten critical markers (VIP>1, P<0.05) were identified: Methyl benzoate, 2-methylbutyrate, phenethylisovalerate, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one, nonanal, trans-2,4-decadienal, linalool, β-ionone. Post-scenting gardenia-white tea exhibited greater aroma diversity and higher odor activity compared to unscented tea blanks. The 2023 vintage showed enhanced aroma activity over the 2021 batch, serving as a marker for superior quality in newer productions. These findings provide a scientific basis for quality assessment and utilization of Fuding gardenia-scented white tea.

Fuding gardenia-scented white tea  /  scenting year  /  relative odor activity value  /  aroma  /  headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)
陈静, 林馨颖, 阙玉林, 黄先洲, 蔡吓强, 阙忠熠, 周思思. 基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析不同年份福鼎栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分差异. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 274 -283 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010191
Jing CHEN, Xinying LIN, Yulin QUE, Xianzhou HUANG, Xiaqiang CAI, Zhongyi QUE, Sisi ZHOU. Analysis of Volatile Aroma Component Differences in Fuding Gardenia-scented White Tea with Different Scenting Years Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Technology[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 274 -283 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010191
黄栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)属于茜草科栀子,为常绿灌木,其花与果实具有较高的经济开发价值。黄栀子为我国卫生健康委员会(原卫生部)第一批颁布的87种“药食同源”物质名单之列[1],其味苦、性寒,其主要的药理作用包括清肺止咳、凉血止血,抗菌消炎[2−3]、护肝利胆[4−5]、降压镇静[6−7]、止血消炎[8−9]等。其花纯白,芳香浓郁,历来广受喜爱,常用于食用、药用、妆用[8]。目前有关黄栀子的研究主要集中在系统分类学[10]、栽培养护[11−12]、化学成分分析[13−14]、药理作用[15]、色素提取[16]等方面。
“福鼎栀子花”已获国家地理标志证明商标[17−18],具有产量高、香气高、花期长等特点,目前,福鼎市栀子种植面积6万多亩,年产鲜花、鲜果6万多吨[19],是国内栀子原料林面积最大、产量最多的栀子产区和栀子果交易集散地[20]。采用黄栀子鲜花与白茶窨制而成的栀子花白茶是花茶,属于再加工茶,现为福鼎特色的农产品。栀子花白茶的开发与利用对福鼎黄栀子特色农业产业链发展具有现实意义,同时,对于丰富我国花茶品类、增加茶农收入等具有重要意义[21−22]。前人在栀子花茶的窨制工艺,窨制方式,品类,等级,香气成分等方面进行了研究,而有关栀子花应用于窨制白茶的挥发性香气组分相关研究较少。刘先华[23]、王绍梅等[24]、阙玉林等[25]先后报道了栀子绿茶,栀子花红茶,栀子花白茶的制作工艺,阐述了窨制过程的具体参数,对生产具有重要的借鉴意义,但未实现品质理化成分分析。袁林颖等[26]利用针形茶坯窨制栀子花茶、发现采用连二窨间隔烘焙窨制的三段连窨一提(六窨一提)制成的栀子花茶品质最佳。汪松能等[27]利用三窨一提,且采用箱窨的工艺制成栀子花茶成品茶品质优异。周颖等[28]、仇方方[29]、李丽霞等[30]采用感官评价、主要品质成分评价分析,对宜昌市栀子花红茶及栀子花绿茶,宜宾市栀子花红茶进行品质分析,鉴定出关键香气成分物质,但未涉及栀子花茶产地及年份区分。对比不同年份栀子花白茶挥发性香气组分进行测定,并结合感官评价分析福鼎栀子花白茶香气特征,挖掘栀子花白茶中特有的挥发性香气成分,可为福鼎黄栀子植物资源的开发利用提供参考价值。因此,本研究利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用技术并结合多元统计分析(统计分析与单元统计分析)方法探究福鼎栀子花白茶原茶坯白牡丹与窨制后成茶的关键挥发性香气成分差异,分析比较不同年份栀子花白茶香气成分的动态变化,以期为福鼎栀子花白茶品质及综合开发利用提供理论支持。
不同窨制年份的茶样 采集2021年、2023年来自福建省福鼎市,由福鼎市鼎科农业发展有限公司与福鼎市农(茶)业科学研究所制作的栀子花白茶样品,所有的样品均为散茶(嫩度相同),且栀子花与茶青来自同一采收季节。
Agilent 8890-7000D GC-MS/MS、SPME Arrow固相微萃取装置、Fiber Conditioning Station萃取头老化装置 美国安捷伦公司;MM400球磨仪、MS105DU电子天平、SPME Arrow固相微萃取装置 瑞士思特斯分析仪器有限公司。
采用2021年(BMDZ-2021),2023年(BMDZ-2023)福鼎大白茶品种制作的白牡丹作为茶坯进行窨制,窨制工艺参照阙玉林等[25]的方法,对照样为原茶坯白牡丹(BMD-CK),品种为福鼎大白茶,样品均设置3个生物学重复。
按国家标准GB/T 23776-2018《茶叶感官审评方法》[31]及T/CSTEA 00039-2022《福鼎栀子花白茶》[32]对样品进行感官评价综合评定。由具有评茶员资质(评茶员三级及以上)的5名专业人员(3男,2女,年龄25~56岁)对样品外形、汤色、香气、滋味和叶底进行评价。外形从形状、色泽和匀整度方面进行评价;扦取3 g白茶茶坯样品,用150 mL沸水冲泡5 min,对汤色、香气、滋味品质进行评价;扦取3 g栀子花白茶样品,用150 mL沸水冲泡2次,第一次浸泡3 min,评汤色、香气(鲜灵度和纯度)、滋味;第二次冲泡5 min,沥出茶汤,依次审评汤色、香气(浓度和持久性)、滋味、叶底。结果两次冲泡综合评判。叶底放置于叶底盘进行评价。结果采用评语与评分形式展示,并按照加权法进行评分。
将液氮研磨后的0.5 g栀子花白茶样品加入含有饱和氯化钠溶液和10 μL(50 μg/mL)3-己酮内标溶液于顶空样品瓶中,置于60 ℃恒温水浴锅加热5 min,将预先老化过的萃取头插入样品顶空瓶进行顶空萃取15 min,于250 ℃下解析5 min。
色谱柱:DB-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为高纯氦气(纯度:99.999%);恒流流速1.2 mL/min;进样口温度250 ℃,不分流进样;程序升温:初始温度40 ℃保持3.5 min,然后以10 ℃/min升至100 ℃,再以7 ℃/min升至180 ℃,最后以25 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持5 min。
电子轰击离子源(EI),离子源温度:230 ℃,四级杆温度:150 ℃,质谱接口温度:280 ℃;电子能量:70 eV,采用离子检测模式(SIM),定性定量离子精准扫描。
参照邵淑贤等[33]的方法计算相对气味活性值(ROAV,μg/g)。ROAVi≈(Ci/Cmax)/(Tmax/Ti)×100(式中:Ci为茶叶组分的相对含量(%):Ti为组分i在水中的香气阈值(μg/kg);Cmax与Tmax为对样品总体风味贡献最大的组分的相对含量(%)和香气阀值(μg/kg))。使用Excel、Origin 2019软件进行数据整理和柱状图、折线图等图表绘制,其中香气指数的计算公式为y=206.69e0.1747x,R2=0.9996;使用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据差异显著性分析;使用SIMCA14.1软件对ATD-GC-MS数据进行PCA及OPLS-DA分析,并以P<0.05、VIP≥1为条件筛选差异香气成分。使用TBtools软件绘制热图。
由图1与表1可知,与原茶坯白牡丹(图1(a))相比,经栀子花窨制加工后(图1(b)~图1(c)),成茶的外形形态呈现芽叶连枝,2021年与2023年成茶外形色泽出现绿欠亮及绿尚亮,汤色变化较明显,2021年与2023年汤色色调基本一致,以黄为主、明亮,但深浅度不同,说明不同年份的成品茶在干茶外形及茶汤的深浅度上具有明显的差异性。窨花后的2种栀子白茶具有较浓郁甜香持久的果香,2023年香气得分明显高于其茶坯。其中,2023年栀子花白茶整体得分较高,香气品质较好,滋味浓爽,水含香,而2021年栀子花白茶得分较之2023年总体得分较低,尤其是香气评分差异大,说明栀子花白茶香气的高低受年份影响较大,芳香物质可能易受环境变化影响。
基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术,对原茶坯及栀子花白茶的挥发性成分进行检测,共492种(图2),分为15大类,其中萜类占比20%,酯类占比17%、烃类占比10%、醇类占比6.5%、酮类占比7%、醛类占比6.5%、芳烃占比6%。其中共有香气成分75种,酯类占比24%、醛类占比22%、醇类7%、酮类占比7%、芳烃8%。栀子花白茶的香气以萜类与酯类为主,其中芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮、苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯物质含量均较高,常表现出栀子花茶具有幽雅的花香和甜果香的香气成分特征,这与香气感官评价结果基本一致。通过计算ROAV,确定挥发性物质对样品风味的贡献。一般认为ROAV≥1的挥发性物质是样品中的关键风味物质,0.1<ROAV<1的挥发性物质是对样品的总体风味起修饰作用[34−35]。结合表2中ROAV值贡献值与香气阈值得知,与原茶坯相比,栀子花白茶的关键香气成分数量较多,表现为香气呈现花香,甜果香的特征,且香气较为浓郁。主要是加工过程中栀子花鲜花香气赋予茶坯的香气,致使茶坯中的香气积累。其中栀子花茶主要贡献香气成分是苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、丁酸己酯、己酸丁酯、(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮。
对不同年份窨制栀子花白茶挥发性成分,共检测出378种(图2),萜类83种、杂环化合物58种、酯55种、烃类36种、醇30种、酮31种、醛19种、芳烃33种、酸4种、酚10种、胺8种、含氮化合物4种、含硫化合物3种、卤代烃2种。其中共有香气成分73种,萜类12种、酯类13种、醛类8种、醛8种、杂环化合物15种,醇类8种、酮5种、芳烃9种、含氮化合物1种。
主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)分析结果表明(图3(a)),白牡丹(BMD-CK)、栀子花白茶(BMDZ-2021)和栀子花白茶(BMDZ-2023)的挥发性香气成分分布明显分离,说明3种样品在得分图上实现了良好的区分,窨制前后茶叶样品彼此分离,说明窨制前后其挥发性成分发生了显著变化。其中主成分1(t[1])的贡献率为47.6%,主成分2(t[2])的贡献率为27.3%,置信区间为95%,从总体上看组间存在明显差异,样本数据稳定性与可靠性高,可进行后续分析。R2X即累积解释率,Q2即累积预测率,可反映本次样品数据离散程度(图3(b)),自动拟合模型获得主成分1的累积解释率R2X(cum1)为0.476,累积预测率Q2(cum1)为0.326,主成分2的累积解释率R2X(cum2)为0.750,累积预测率Q2(cum2)为0.571,累计贡献率达>0.70以上,反映本次样本数据解释变异高,可涵盖样本数据的主成分主要特征信息,数据质量可靠,可代表栀子花茶的香气的主体特征具有差异,其中苯甲酸己酯、苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、芳樟醇、β-罗勒烯表现出差异较大(表2),可作为区分白茶素坯和栀子花茶的主要香气成分。这一结果表明,栀子花茶香气成分受环境因素的影响大。
原茶坯及栀子花白茶差异香气成分OPLS-DA分析如图4,采用监督分析方法即OPLS-DA评价模型探究原茶坯及不同年份的栀子花白茶之间的香气差异,发现组间差异明显,说明栀子花茶窨制前后及不同年份栀子花茶的香气成分组成具有明显差异,而不同组别组内差异较小,这可能反映了花茶在制作过程中环境因素的变化对芳香物质的影响较大。采用200次置换检验,通过预测参数R2X,R2Y和Q2,其中R2X和R2Y表示所建模型的预测能力。原茶坯与栀子花白茶OPLS-DA分析模型如图5所示得出预测参数R2X为0.749,R2Y为0.992和Q2为0.964。不同年份窨制栀子花白茶香气成分OPLS-DA分析模型如图4得出,P<0.005,R²X为0.476,R2Y为0.996 和 Q2为1,原茶坯与栀子花白茶OPLS-DA分析模型如图5所示,得出预测参数R2X为0.71,R2Y为0.992 和 Q2为0.964。以上两个OPLS-DA分析模型的R2Y和 Q2均接近于1,该评价模式为出色的模型(Q2>0.9)。
由ROAV分析结果表明(表2),窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶(ROAV>10),起决定性作用的香气成分共有15种,其中异戊酸苯乙酯、1-辛烯-3-酮等赋予栀子花白茶柑橘柠檬香甜果味,玫瑰花香甜味等方面的香气;苯甲酸甲酯、3-甲基丁酸苯甲酯、(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮等赋予栀子花白茶幽雅的花蜜香等方面的香气。这些物质赋予栀子花白茶香气呈现果实型及花蜜型的甜香。其中苯甲酸已酯、苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、正壬醛、脱氢芳樟醇、脱氢Β-环柠檬醛、芳樟醇其ROAV值上升10倍以上,而(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮、顺-4-庚烯醛、苯甲醛、庚醛、1-庚醇、2-苯乙醇、香叶醇、β-紫罗兰酮、1,4-二氯苯其ROAV值减少5倍以上,以上分析结果表明白茶经过窨花处理后,果实甜香与花蜜甜香强度增加,而木质香、清香、奶香强度下降,这可能与干燥方式有关,窨花处理有助于改善新白茶的青气,提高栀子花白茶香气的鲜灵度,形成甜香浓郁的品质特征。由此可知,苯甲酸已酯、苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、正壬醛、脱氢芳樟醇等是构成栀子花白茶特征香气的主要香气成分。
通过查阅相关文献及比较数据库中香气成分在水溶液的香气阈值,对不同年份窨制栀子花白茶的关键呈香物质(ROAV>10)的ROAV分析,结果如表2可知。对区分不同年份栀子花白茶香气共有45种,包含果实甜香型、花蜜甜香型、花香型、木质香、草本香、脂香的香气物质。其中19种ROAV大于10,可作为区分不同年份栀子花白茶的差异香气成分,其中苯甲酸己酯、苯甲酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、异戊酸己酯、癸酸甲酯、3-甲基丁酸苯甲酯、癸酸甲酯、(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮、甲基壬基甲酮、反-2,4-癸二烯醛、反-4-癸烯醛、苯乙醛、庚醛、正壬醛、1-庚醇、脱氢芳樟醇、香叶醇、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮等。这些香气与窨制前后的差异香气成分基本一致,ROAV值变化基本相同,说明年份是影响花茶极易受到环境影响而导致香气品质下降。筛选得到的7种特征挥发性成分呈现有规律的变化,苯甲酸甲酯均值显著上升了187.73% ~468.61%;异戊酸苯乙酯增加了1033.46%~2168.54%;反式-2,4-癸二烯醛增加了 5337.61%~25937.77%;正壬醛增加了141.56%~ 359.05%;芳樟醇增加了127.23%~349.61%,而香叶醇减少了66.14%~72.7%;β-紫罗兰酮减少了31.59%~81.36%。
香气是窨制型花茶的重要影响因子,是衡量评价茶叶品质优劣的重要指标[36]。近年,对栀子花植物的研究多数在活体上进行检测香气,对于离体栀子花香气对茶坯的影响较少,但通过前人的研究发现,窨制型花茶,如茉莉花茶,桂花茶呈现出不同的花果类香气成分,可能和其它香气物质间有互作效应导致的结果[37]。本研究对栀子花白茶窨制前的茶坯与窨制后的花茶,不同生产窨制年份的栀子花白茶进行挥发性成分的对比,发现香气成分含量上差异明显。结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和相对气味活度值(ROAV)筛选出栀子花白茶中45种挥发性成分,发现品质好的栀子花茶中苯甲酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸2-甲基丁酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮的ROAV值较高,这9种香气成分是栀子花白茶的特征呈香物质成分。而窨制前的白茶素坯与窨制后的栀子花白茶,不同年份的栀子花白茶筛选出共有的香气挥发性成分共有89种,其中以萜类成分最多,酯类次之,但酯类成分由于ROAV值与香气阈值均大于萜类,构成栀子花白茶主要香气贡献成分,这与Run等[44]、Agnieszka等[45]等研究结果一致,研究结果显示离体栀子花以酯类物质为主要挥发性成分,这些化合物多表现为甜果香及花香,构成了栀子花鲜花香气的物质基础,说明栀子花茶的特征香气成分主要来源于窨制过程中白茶茶坯吸收栀子花鲜花的香气。对比白牡丹素坯,苯甲酸甲酯、异戊酸苯乙酯、1-辛烯-3-酮、苯甲酸甲酯、3-甲基丁酸苯甲酯、(Z)-3-甲基-2-(2-戊烯基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮这6种挥发性成分,其活性值在栀子花茶中成倍数增加,呈现浓郁的“花果香”的香气特征,这在一定程度上影响栀子花白茶香气浓度。而脱氢Β-环柠檬醛、邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯、丁酸己酯、3,6-壬二烯醛这4种挥发性成分呈现“清香”的香气特征,影响栀子花白茶香气鲜灵度。
本研究基于HS-SPME-GC-MS技术结合ROAV值分析窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶挥发性成分,及栀子花白茶不同年份的动态变化,结果表明窨制前茶坯及窨制后栀子花白茶挥发性成分共检测出492种,不同年份窨制栀子花白茶挥发性成分共检测出378种,其中酯类是栀子花白茶的主要的挥发性成分,比如苯甲酸甲酯(花果香、似依兰花香与樱桃果香)、异戊酸苯乙酯(花果味、似玫瑰花香与柑橘香)、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛(果香)、芳樟醇(柑橘花香甜玫瑰气味)、β-紫罗兰酮(花香、木质香)等;通过建立的PLS-DA模型,筛选出79种共有特征挥发性物质(VIP>1),发现这些特征性物质在窨制后相对活性值呈现规律性增加的变化。
本实验结果丰富了花茶香气品质化学的理论基础,有助于为花茶香气品质的科学评价、质量等级判别以及加工品质调控等提供依据,为栀子花白茶风味品质进行量化评价及品质提升提供了参考依据。花香的形成依靠各种挥发物的相互作用,茶坯与栀子花不同种间的主要香气物质存在较大差异,这些差异可作为区分花香类型的依据,但栀子花茶品质不仅受茶坯质地、鲜花质量、窨制工艺的影响,还受干燥方式及保存条件等多种因素的综合作用。因此,有必要进一步开展茶坯吸附机理研究、窨制工艺研究、干燥方式创新等系统研究,全方面多角度分析栀子花茶香气品质,为栀子花茶工艺创新和品质提升提供科学支撑。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010191
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
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    1宁德职业技术学院茶学院,福建福安 355000
    2福鼎市乡村振兴服务中心,福建福鼎 355200
    3福鼎市鼎科农业开发有限公司,福建福鼎 355200

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阙玉林(1966−),男,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:园艺,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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