Article(id=1320889514436972706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010151, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737043200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854201181, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854201181, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854201181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854201181, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=319, endPage=327, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889514629910691, articleId=1320889514436972706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Differences in Composition and Quality of Geographical Indication Mutton from Two Regions in Xinjiang, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the quality characteristics of sheep breeds in different regions of Xinjiang, taking Kazakh sheep from Northern and Lop sheep from Southern Xinjiang, after slaughter, the longest muscles of the back were selected and their edible quality, basic nutrients, minerals, amino acid composition and metabolites were analyzed. The results showed that both types of lamb pH were 5.56~5.89, the color difference was not significant (P>0.05), but the Kazakh lamb color was more bright red. The shear and cooking losses of Lop sheep were significantly lower than that of Kazakh sheep (P<0.05), the calcium and sodium content were higher in Kazakh sheep, and the magnesium, selenium and zinc content of Lop sheep were more abundant (P<0.05). Two varieties of lamb had similar nutrients. The crude protein content of Lop sheep was significantly higher than that of Kazakh sheep. Its amino acid composition conforms to FAO/WHO high quality protein standard. The histidine content was significantly higher than that of Kazakh sheep (P<0.05). A total of 67 amino acid metabolites, including goose muscle peptides, levotrophin and glutamine, were detected in lamb samples 24 hours after slaughter. OPLS-DA and mono-variable analysis screened 16 markedly different metabolites, with significant upregulation of 11 metabolites including arginine, glycine and proline in Lop's sheep metabolites (P<0.05) involving arginine biosynthesis and its associated metabolic pathways. Alanglycine, taurine and ethanolamine showed very high species identification performance, with an area up to 1.00 under the ROC curve. This study provides new insights into the relationship between amino acid metabolism and meat properties, and provides important reference for the management and quality improvement of meat sheep in Xinjiang.

, authors=Zixin ZHENG1, Minghui GU1, Dequan ZHANG1, Cheng LI1, Wujun LIU2, *, Xiaochun ZHENG1, *, authorsList=Zixin ZHENG, Minghui GU, Dequan ZHANG, Cheng LI, Wujun LIU, Xiaochun ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wujun LIU, Xiaochun ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889516441850034, articleId=1320889514436972706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=新疆两地区地理标志绵羊肉成分及品质差异解析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明晰新疆不同地区绵羊品种间的品质特性差异,以北疆哈萨克羊与南疆罗布羊为研究对象,选取宰后背最长肌,对其食用品质、基本营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸组成及代谢物进行测定分析。结果表明,两种羊肉pH均在5.56~5.89之间,色泽差异不显著(P>0.05),但哈萨克羊肉色泽更鲜红;罗布羊的剪切力和蒸煮损失显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05),钙和钠含量在哈萨克羊中较高,而罗布羊的镁、硒和锌含量更丰富(P<0.05)。两品种羊肉的营养成分相近,罗布羊粗蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于哈萨克羊,其氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO优质蛋白标准,且组氨酸含量显著高于哈萨克羊(P<0.05)。宰后成熟24 h,羊肉样品共检测出67种氨基酸类代谢物,其中鹅肌肽、左旋肌肽和谷氨酰胺含量丰富;OPLS-DA和单变量分析筛选出16种显著差异代谢物,罗布羊组代谢物中精氨酸、甘氨酸和脯氨酸等11种代谢物显著上调(P<0.05),涉及精氨酸生物合成及其相关代谢途径;丙甘氨酸、牛磺酸和乙醇胺表现出极高的品种鉴别效能,ROC曲线下面积高达1.00。本研究为理解氨基酸代谢与肉质特性的关系提供了新见解,并为新疆肉羊的养殖管理和品质提升提供了重要参考。

, authors=郑子欣1, 古明辉1, 张德权1, 李程1, 刘武军2, *, 郑晓春1, *, authorsList=郑子欣, 古明辉, 张德权, 李程, 刘武军, 郑晓春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘武军, 郑晓春, authorNote=

郑子欣(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品新鲜度无损检测,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘武军(1966−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:。
郑晓春(1989−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:肉品品质智能识别,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=uuMGipjShEp2EvO7t8N9cw==, magXml=Fk7Tog1pkjb3l9mVzHSbfw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=56CgQAsijvPesMsxidB4Ww==, pdfFileSize=3303013, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=z9Y3f6nFBypqRwrM8LkKPQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=D+TGB97cq39skz79/ZP4kA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889516819337402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhengzixin12213@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889516903223484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, authorId=1320889516819337402, language=EN, stringName=Zixin ZHENG, firstName=Zixin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Storage and Transportation Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889516974526653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, authorId=1320889516819337402, language=CN, stringName=郑子欣, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全收贮运管控重点实验室,北京 100193, bio={"content":"

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注:*表示品种间差异显著(P<0.05);**表示极显著差异(P<0.01),ns表示差异不显著(P>0.05);图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=nV/uF3tgg0GpU6KDrnQZ3g==, figureFileBig=z9Y3f6nFBypqRwrM8LkKPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519449166053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of the nutritional composition analysis of mutton, figureFileSmall=SozHvdukVRc6Sh+Nj1vcKg==, figureFileBig=lRrqdzm7cuRm0XoMqUA0Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519516274918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=CN, label=图2, caption=羊肉基本营养成分的测定结果, figureFileSmall=SozHvdukVRc6Sh+Nj1vcKg==, figureFileBig=lRrqdzm7cuRm0XoMqUA0Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519604355303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of the mineral element analysis of mutton, figureFileSmall=rTkhi0w2ZXIeUVx4zaHqzQ==, figureFileBig=yMrVPV7RsjZSRwaNfNVe0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519671464168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=CN, label=图3, caption=羊肉矿物质元素的测定结果, figureFileSmall=rTkhi0w2ZXIeUVx4zaHqzQ==, figureFileBig=yMrVPV7RsjZSRwaNfNVe0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519738573033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Results of the amino acid content (a) and the proportion of essential amino acids (b) in mutton, figureFileSmall=hsyJKoCQD8MKVOatH6KESQ==, figureFileBig=yKd+gNCVPcfcz1XIdX5rrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519805681898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=CN, label=图4, caption=羊肉氨基酸含量(a)和必需氨基酸比例(b)的测定结果

注:*代表必需氨基酸;EAA:必需氨基酸;NEAA:非必需氨基酸;TAA:总氨基酸。

, figureFileSmall=hsyJKoCQD8MKVOatH6KESQ==, figureFileBig=yKd+gNCVPcfcz1XIdX5rrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519872790763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Heatmap of metabolite content in mutton, figureFileSmall=gYLggMBJhFGKYG1a3Yf5BQ==, figureFileBig=HmulRfO508eTMoXnYarx8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889519965065452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=CN, label=图5, caption=羊肉代谢物含量的热图, figureFileSmall=gYLggMBJhFGKYG1a3Yf5BQ==, figureFileBig=HmulRfO508eTMoXnYarx8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889520027980013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889514436972706, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=OPLS-DA model score plot (a), VIP score plot (b), and box plot of differential metabolite content (c) in mutton, figureFileSmall=bFnC8t8T9HJHatH7dFTzQQ==, 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新疆两地区地理标志绵羊肉成分及品质差异解析
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郑子欣 1 , 古明辉 1 , 张德权 1 , 李程 1 , 刘武军 2, * , 郑晓春 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(2): 319-327
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (2) : 319 -327
新疆两地区地理标志绵羊肉成分及品质差异解析
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郑子欣(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品新鲜度无损检测,E-mail:

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郑子欣1 , 古明辉1, 张德权1, 李程1, 刘武军2, * , 郑晓春1, *
作者信息
  • 1中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全收贮运管控重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 2新疆农业大学动物科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
通讯作者:
刘武军(1966−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:。
郑晓春(1989−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:肉品品质智能识别,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郑子欣(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品新鲜度无损检测,E-mail:

Analysis of the Differences in Composition and Quality of Geographical Indication Mutton from Two Regions in Xinjiang
Zixin ZHENG1 , Minghui GU1, Dequan ZHANG1, Cheng LI1, Wujun LIU2, * , Xiaochun ZHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Storage and Transportation Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
  • 2School of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010151
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为明晰新疆不同地区绵羊品种间的品质特性差异,以北疆哈萨克羊与南疆罗布羊为研究对象,选取宰后背最长肌,对其食用品质、基本营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸组成及代谢物进行测定分析。结果表明,两种羊肉pH均在5.56~5.89之间,色泽差异不显著(P>0.05),但哈萨克羊肉色泽更鲜红;罗布羊的剪切力和蒸煮损失显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05),钙和钠含量在哈萨克羊中较高,而罗布羊的镁、硒和锌含量更丰富(P<0.05)。两品种羊肉的营养成分相近,罗布羊粗蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于哈萨克羊,其氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO优质蛋白标准,且组氨酸含量显著高于哈萨克羊(P<0.05)。宰后成熟24 h,羊肉样品共检测出67种氨基酸类代谢物,其中鹅肌肽、左旋肌肽和谷氨酰胺含量丰富;OPLS-DA和单变量分析筛选出16种显著差异代谢物,罗布羊组代谢物中精氨酸、甘氨酸和脯氨酸等11种代谢物显著上调(P<0.05),涉及精氨酸生物合成及其相关代谢途径;丙甘氨酸、牛磺酸和乙醇胺表现出极高的品种鉴别效能,ROC曲线下面积高达1.00。本研究为理解氨基酸代谢与肉质特性的关系提供了新见解,并为新疆肉羊的养殖管理和品质提升提供了重要参考。

哈萨克羊  /  罗布羊  /  食用品质  /  矿物质  /  氨基酸  /  代谢物

To clarify the quality characteristics of sheep breeds in different regions of Xinjiang, taking Kazakh sheep from Northern and Lop sheep from Southern Xinjiang, after slaughter, the longest muscles of the back were selected and their edible quality, basic nutrients, minerals, amino acid composition and metabolites were analyzed. The results showed that both types of lamb pH were 5.56~5.89, the color difference was not significant (P>0.05), but the Kazakh lamb color was more bright red. The shear and cooking losses of Lop sheep were significantly lower than that of Kazakh sheep (P<0.05), the calcium and sodium content were higher in Kazakh sheep, and the magnesium, selenium and zinc content of Lop sheep were more abundant (P<0.05). Two varieties of lamb had similar nutrients. The crude protein content of Lop sheep was significantly higher than that of Kazakh sheep. Its amino acid composition conforms to FAO/WHO high quality protein standard. The histidine content was significantly higher than that of Kazakh sheep (P<0.05). A total of 67 amino acid metabolites, including goose muscle peptides, levotrophin and glutamine, were detected in lamb samples 24 hours after slaughter. OPLS-DA and mono-variable analysis screened 16 markedly different metabolites, with significant upregulation of 11 metabolites including arginine, glycine and proline in Lop's sheep metabolites (P<0.05) involving arginine biosynthesis and its associated metabolic pathways. Alanglycine, taurine and ethanolamine showed very high species identification performance, with an area up to 1.00 under the ROC curve. This study provides new insights into the relationship between amino acid metabolism and meat properties, and provides important reference for the management and quality improvement of meat sheep in Xinjiang.

Kazakh sheep  /  Lop sheep  /  eating quality  /  minerals  /  amino acids  /  metabolites
郑子欣, 古明辉, 张德权, 李程, 刘武军, 郑晓春. 新疆两地区地理标志绵羊肉成分及品质差异解析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 319 -327 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010151
Zixin ZHENG, Minghui GU, Dequan ZHANG, Cheng LI, Wujun LIU, Xiaochun ZHENG. Analysis of the Differences in Composition and Quality of Geographical Indication Mutton from Two Regions in Xinjiang[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 319 -327 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010151
肉羊产业在国家乡村振兴和边疆稳定战略中具有重要地位,是百姓“菜篮子”工程的核心组成部分[1]。羊肉以其优质蛋白质、必需氨基酸和微量矿物元素含量丰富,且脂肪和胆固醇含量低,受到消费者广泛欢迎[2−3]。这些营养特性不仅有利于人体健康,还在预防心血管疾病等慢性疾病中发挥积极作用[4]。特别是羊肉中富含的必需氨基酸及其衍生代谢物,作为蛋白质合成的基础,在免疫功能改善和代谢调控中具有重要意义。
羊肉的品质和营养成分受品种、分割部位、养殖管理及日粮组成等多因素影响,其中品种是关键因素,影响着色泽、嫩度、蛋白含量及矿物质水平[5−6]。新疆是我国主要牧业基地之一,由其独特的地理和自然环境孕育出质地细腻、风味鲜嫩的羊肉,推动了当地肉羊产业的迅速发展[7]。目前,新疆养殖方式正在向规模化和科学化模式转变,肉羊品种多样化趋势愈加明显。学者对巴什拜羊[8]、小尾寒羊[9]、黑头羊[10]等主要肉羊品种的研究较为深入,涵盖遗传特性、养殖管理和肉质评价等多个领域。然而,对于新疆本地特色肉羊品种品质的系统性仍不充分,尤其是哈萨克羊和罗布羊这两种地理标志绵羊的品质和营养差异。哈萨克羊和罗布羊分别代表北疆和南疆的特色肉羊品种,具有显著的区域特性和重要的经济价值[11−12]。哈萨克羊以适应寒冷气候,肉质细腻紧实而著称;罗布羊则因适应干旱环境,肉质鲜嫩多汁而备受青睐[13]。
鉴于此,本研究旨在系统比较北疆哈萨克羊与南疆罗布羊的食用品质和营养指标,深入分析其品质差异,并探索其各自的优势特性。研究将为新疆肉羊品种培优和羊肉品质评价体系建设提供参考,以助力新疆肉羊产业的高质量发展。
选取6月龄的健康无病、发育正常的成年哈萨克羊、罗布羊 各6只,宰后取其左右两侧的背最长肌分割500 g后于4 ℃环境中成熟24 h,备用。选择80 g左右样品用于测定食用品质和基本营养成分,其余样品−80 ℃冷冻保存,用于测定矿物质及代谢分析等;无水乙醇、无水硫酸铜、硫酸钾、石英砂、石油醚、氯仿、甲醇、正己烷 分析纯,科密欧公司。
TA.XT.Plus质构仪 英国Stable Micro System公司;NS800分光测色仪 深圳市三恩驰科技有限公司;UPLC-MS/MS联用仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪 日本HITACHI公司。
pH:按照GB 5009.237-2016《食品pH值的测定》进行检测。
色泽:按照NY/T 2793-2015《肉的食用品质客观评价方法》采用色差仪进行黑白板校正后,随机测定样品4个位点的L*、a*、b*值。
蒸煮损失:按照NY/T 2793-2015《肉的食用品质客观评价方法》取10 g左右肉样,去除表面的皮下脂肪和筋膜,称质量为W1,装入密封袋,在71 ℃的水浴锅中加热35 min,吸干肉块表面多余水分,称重记为W2,蒸煮损失(%)=(W1−W2)/W1×100。
剪切力:按照NY/T 2793-2015《肉的食用品质客观评价方法》取蒸煮损失后的肉块,用质构仪测定肉块的剪切力,每个样品测3次取平均值。
参照GB/T 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中的直接干燥法进行水分测定;参照GB/T 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中的凯氏定氮法进行粗蛋白测定;参照GB/T 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中的索氏抽提法进行粗脂肪测定;参照GB 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》中的高温灰化法进行灰分测定。
氨基酸:按照GB/T 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》,用氨基酸自动分析仪进行检测,结果用热图表示,单位为g/kg。
矿物质:参考GB 5009.268-2016中电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法进行测定。
氨基酸类代谢物测定方法参照Guo等[14]的方法,具体步骤如下:
样品前处理:称取50.0 mg(±2.5 mg)到2 mL离心管中,加入500 μL 70%甲醇用于代谢物提取。将样品涡旋,4 ℃条件下12000 r/min离心10 min,上清液过蛋白沉淀板后,待上机。
色谱质谱采集条件:色谱柱为ACQUITY BEH Amide柱(1.7 µm,100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.);流速0.4 mL/min,柱温40 ℃;流动相A为超纯水(含2 mmol/L乙酸铵,0.04%甲酸),B为乙腈(含2 mmol/L 0.04%甲酸);洗脱梯度为0~1.2 min A/B 10:90(V/V),9 min A/B 40:60(V/V),10~11 min 60:40(V/V),11.01~15 min 10:90(V/V)。电喷雾离子源(ESI)温度550 ℃,正离子模式下质谱电压5500 V,负离子模式下质谱电压−4500 V,气帘气(Curtain Gas,CUR)35 psi。
定性定量分析:基于标准品构建MWDB数据库,对质谱检测数据进行定性[14−15],获得不同样本的质谱分析数据后,对所有目标物的色谱峰进行积分,通过标准曲线进行定量分析,ng/g。通过MetaboAnalyst 6.0软件进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)以识别两品种羊肉的代谢物差异。同时,利用R语言3.5.1软件绘制热图和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)。
所有实验均重复3次,结果均以平均值±标准误差表示。所有数据使用Excel 2013软件整理,采用SPSS 21.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析,T检验用于比较两组平均值的显著性差异,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
由图1可知,两种羊背最长肌在pH、色泽、嫩度和保水性等食用品质特性方面存在差异。哈萨克羊肉的pH为5.56,略低于罗布羊肉的5.89,但两者的pH都在正常范围内,且差异不显著(P>0.05)。pH与肉品的色泽、嫩度及感官指标密切相关,反映了宰后葡萄糖酵解所导致的乳酸累积,其通常在5.4~6.0之间达到稳定状态[16−17]。尽管肌红蛋白和血红蛋白的含量有所差异,导致两品种的羊肉颜色有所不同,色泽差异并不显著(P>0.05)[18]。然而,哈萨克羊肉的L*值和a*值略高于罗布羊,而b*值则较低,说明哈萨克羊肉呈现更明显的亮红色泽,这可能与其肌肉纤维排列更紧密增强光反射和肌红蛋白含量较高直接提升红度等结构特性和蛋白质成分差异密切相关[5−6]。
在嫩度方面,剪切力的测定表明罗布羊肉的剪切力显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05),说明罗布羊肉的嫩度更佳。这种嫩度受多种因素如品种、部位、年龄及饲养方式等影响,是决定肉质口感和消费者接受度的重要因素[19]。哈萨克羊肉和罗布羊肉的蒸煮损失分别为40.73%和38.39%,哈萨克羊肉的蒸煮损失显著高于罗布羊肉(P<0.05),表明哈萨克羊熟肉率较低,水分损失较多,而罗布羊水分损失较低有助于在烹饪过程中更好地保持水分,从而提升肉品的口感。蒸煮损失反映了肉品的持水性,且与pH、蛋白质变化密切相关,直接影响加工过程中的出品率,具有重要的经济意义[6,20]。
羊肉的基本营养成分包括粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分,它们共同构成了羊肉的核心营养价值。如图2所示,两品种羊肉的基本营养成分含量差异较小,粗脂肪、水分及灰分的含量在品种间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。而粗蛋白质含量在两品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中罗布羊的粗蛋白质含量较高,为22.76%,而哈萨克羊的含量为21.01%,这一差异可能与罗布羊采食的天然牧草蛋白质含量较高有关[21]。
矿物质组成及其含量也是评价羊肉营养价值的重要指标,对机体的组织结构和正常生理活动至关重要。由于矿物质无法由人体合成,须通过外界摄取,其储备状况直接影响生长发育、营养代谢、酶活性和免疫反应等生理过程[22]。肉类矿物质含量可受羊的生长环境、饲料成分和品种影响,其中矿物质丰富的环境和牧草显著提高羊肉中的矿物元素水平[23−24]。由图3可知,哈萨克羊与罗布羊肉中的钾(K)、铁(Fe)和铜(Cu)含量相近,无显著差异(P>0.05)。然而,在钙(Ca)和钠(Na)的含量上,哈萨克羊肉显著高于罗布羊肉(P<0.05;P<0.01)。相反,罗布羊肉中的镁(Mg)、硒(Se)和锌(Zn)含量显著高于哈萨克羊肉(P<0.05),分别为274.33、0.066和26.90 mg/kg,这些差异可能与饲养方式、环境条件以及地质构成有关[10]。硒和锌是多种酶的重要成分,作为必需微量元素,其在蛋白质合成、碳水化合物代谢中起到重要作用,并支持正常代谢功能[25]。锌还促进青少年的生长发育、维持视力健康,并可能预防老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病;镁则在心血管健康、神经肌肉功能和能量代谢的调节中起到关键作用。综上所述,罗布羊肉由于其丰富的镁、硒和锌含量,展示出较高的矿物质营养价值。因此,罗布羊肉具有较为丰富的蛋白质和微量元素,食用品质优良,是一种理想的高蛋白动物性食品。
氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单元,为进一步说明新疆两地区羊肉蛋白质差异,对羊肉中氨基酸组成进行分析。如图4所示,通过氨基酸自动分析仪在两品种羊肉中共分离鉴定出16种氨基酸,其中7种必需氨基酸、9种非必需氨基酸。聚类结果如图4a所示,样品聚类分析中两组羊肉未呈现显著区分特征,后续通过氨基酸种类聚类分析发现羊肉中谷氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸含量较高,组氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸和蛋氨酸含量较低,且两品种氨基酸含量基本相近,说明新疆地区羊肉具有相同的氨基酸组成比例。赖氨酸是含量最丰富的必需氨基酸,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸是最丰富的非必需氨基酸,这与施海娜等[16]对湖羊和俞彭欣等[6]对皮山红羊的研究结果一致,同时天冬氨酸、谷氨酸作为鲜味氨基酸[26],二者的含量决定的肉品的鲜味品质。
此外,通过分析羊背最长肌的氨基酸含量比(图4b),发现两品种羊肉在EAA(必需氨基酸)/TAA(总氨基酸)和EAA(必需氨基酸)/NEAA(非必需氨基酸)的比例值均无显著差异(P>0.05)。根据FAO/WHO规定的优质蛋白质标准,氨基酸组成EAA/TAA比例在40%左右,EAA/NEAA应超过60%,两品种羊肉的EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA比例值均符合这一标准,故新疆两品种羊肉的必需氨基酸组成合理、比例平衡[27]。组氨酸是人体必需的氨基酸之一,尤其在婴幼儿、儿童和老年人中,它对生长发育和健康维护尤为重要。罗布羊肉中组氨酸的含量显著高于哈萨克羊(P<0.05),进一步说明罗布羊肉蛋白质质量更高,氨基酸组成具有更高的营养价值,且对免疫系统、神经系统以及肉质的口感可能具有积极影响[28]。
为了更全面评价不同品种羊肉的品质差异,利用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析羊肉中氨基酸类代谢物,通过标准品的保留时间和峰型校正色谱峰,共鉴定出67种代谢物。基于标准曲线计算含量后,通过聚类热图(图5)发现,新疆羊肉中鹅肌肽、左旋肌肽和谷氨酰胺含量最高,均超过4.1×106 ng/g。鹅肌肽和左旋肌肽是重要的小分子肽,具有抗氧化、抗疲劳和增强免疫功能的作用,其高含量反映了羊肉良好的生物活性[29]。谷氨酰胺作为参与蛋白质合成和免疫调节的重要氨基酸,其高水平进一步表明了羊肉蛋白质质量的优异性[30]。这些关键成分的含量高低是衡量羊肉品质的重要指标,凸显了新疆羊肉在营养价值、口感及市场潜力方面的综合优势。
采用有监督的OPLS-DA方法对数据进行分析(图6a),发现两组样本在代谢特征空间中显著区分,反映新疆两地区羊肉在蛋白相关的氨基酸代谢特征上存在明显差异[31]。基于变量投影重要度(VIP)值>1为筛选标准,初步筛选出25种差异代谢物(图6b),高精氨酸的VIP值最高为1.89,其次为精氨酸(VIP 1.83)、乙醇胺(VIP 1.82),其他氨基酸类及其衍生物的VIP值均小于1.8。基于25种差异代谢物,进一步结合单变量统计分析(P<0.05),最终共鉴定出16种显著差异代谢物(图6c),包括哈萨克羊组上调的牛磺酸、丙甘氨酸、高瓜氨酸、5-氨基戊酸等5种代谢物,以及罗布羊组上调的精氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、脯氨酸等11种代谢物。这16种显著差异代谢物涉及精氨酸生物合成及其相关的甘氨酸和脯氨酸代谢等过程,解释了品种对肉氨基酸含量提高的影响[32]。哈萨克羊肉中上调的牛磺酸、丙甘氨酸、高瓜氨酸和5-氨基戊酸参与含氮代谢通路及信号传递,其高浓度可能来源于高半胱氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸等前体物质的代谢转化[33]。相比之下,罗布羊肉中精氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸等氨基酸含量显著更高(P<0.05),表明蛋白质合成和修复过程活跃,支持肌肉生长和代谢调控。此外,罗布羊肉中氧化型谷胱甘肽和高半胱氨酸的上调增强了氧化应激防御及硫代谢能力,高含量的乙醇胺则表明脂类代谢维持稳定,有助于细胞膜结构及信号传递的功能完整性[34−35]。总之,两品种羊肉在氨基酸代谢和转化效率上的显著差异直接影响其肉品质特性和营养结构,为进一步提升羊肉品质提供了代谢学依据。
进一步比较了两品种羊肉的氨基酸代谢特性,对氨基酸组成含量及差异代谢物进行相关性分析(图7a)。结果显示,N-乙酰神经氨酸与15种组成氨基酸呈显著正相关(P<0.05) ,而高瓜氨酸与14种组成氨基酸呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。这表明N-乙酰神经氨酸的生成依赖多种氨基酸前体的共同作用,其作为神经氨酸类化合物,可能对神经发育和免疫功能具有积极影响[36]。相对地,高瓜氨酸的负相关性可能反映其在代谢通路中的过量积累,从而影响羊肉的口感和质地特性[37]。
特别地,氨基酸组成中组氨酸作为两品种羊肉的显著差异氨基酸,与6种差异代谢物呈显著相关关系(P<0.05)。其中,脯氨酸、精氨酸、乙醇胺与组氨酸呈正相关,表明其可能通过促进蛋白质合成或代谢活性影响肉质特性;而丙甘氨酸、牛磺酸、高瓜氨酸则呈负相关,可能反映代谢物之间在氨基酸代谢通路中的竞争性转化[38]。该正负相关模式揭示了组氨酸在调控羊肉氨基酸代谢网络中的关键作用,并指示这些代谢物可能是区分两种羊肉代谢特性的重要标志物。为验证上述特征代谢物的鉴别效果,基于含量矩阵绘制了ROC曲线(图7b),发现脯氨酸、精氨酸、乙醇胺、丙甘氨酸、牛磺酸和高瓜氨酸中有4种代谢物的曲线下面积(AUC)大于0.95,其中丙甘氨酸、牛磺酸和乙醇胺的AUC高达1.00,展现出对新疆羊品种优异的鉴别能力[39]。这些特征代谢物不仅有助于品种区分,也为深入理解氨基酸代谢与肉质特性的关系提供了可靠依据。
本研究全面分析了北疆哈萨克羊和南疆罗布羊背最长肌的肌肉品质特性,揭示了区域品种差异。本研究采集样品结果测试结果显示,哈萨克羊肉具有更鲜红的色泽和较高的钙、钠含量;罗布羊肉则在嫩度、蒸煮保水性以及镁、硒、锌含量上表现更优,且粗蛋白和组氨酸水平较高,符合优质蛋白标准。代谢物分析中,发现罗布羊在精氨酸、甘氨酸和脯氨酸等代谢物上显著上调,表明其相关代谢途径活跃;其中,丙甘氨酸、牛磺酸和乙醇胺表现出极高的品种鉴别效能。本研究相较于单一指标研究,整合肌肉品质、元素分布及代谢网络数据,揭示了新疆绵羊肉质特性的多维度调控机制,说明其为品种适应性理论提供了新依据。实践上,差异代谢物可支撑羊肉溯源技术开发,但关键调控路径仍未明晰,后续需通过多组学技术定位核心代谢节点,助力精准营养管理体系构建。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010151
  • 接收时间:2025-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-17
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    1中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部农产品质量安全收贮运管控重点实验室,北京 100193
    2新疆农业大学动物科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

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刘武军(1966−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:动物遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:。
郑晓春(1989−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:肉品品质智能识别,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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