Article(id=1320889302276485728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010149, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737043200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854150598, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854150598, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854150598, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854150598, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=239, endPage=248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889304176505441, articleId=1320889302276485728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Macroporous Resin Purification Process and in Vitro Activity Study of Total Flavonoids from Citrus reticulata cv. Ponkan Peel, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the desirable purification process of ponkan Chenpi flavonoids (PCf) and their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, this study extracted PCf using ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. Four types of macroporous resins were evaluated for their static adsorption-desorption efficiency toward PCf, and HPD-500 resin was identified as the optimal carrier. Single-factor experiments were subsequently conducted to optimize the purification parameters. The antioxidant activity of PCf (before and after purification) were assessed using DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and ferric ion reducing capacity. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was evaluated. Results demonstrated that HPD-500 resin achieved the highest purification efficiency for PCf under optimized conditions: 2 of pH, 80% ethanol concentration, sample loading flow rate of 4 mL/min, elution flow rate of 3 mL/min, and a sample-to-eluent volume ratio of 1:1.6. Post-purification, the reducing sugar content of PCf was significantly reduced, while the total flavonoid content increased (132.2±9.62 mg RE/g DW). Purified PCf exhibited stronger antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, with 93.75%±0.82% of ABTS+ radical scavenging rate reaching, 77.42%±0.91% of DPPH radical scavenging rate, double ferric ion reducing capacity, and 66.84%±0.67% of α-glucosidase inhibitory rate. In summary, HPD-500 resin is suitable for the preliminary separation and purification of ponkan Chenpi flavonoids, and the purified substance demonstrates significant antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase, providing a valuable reference for the further development of ponkan Chenpi-based functional products.

, authors=Jiaqiong ZHANG1, 2, Chenxing LIU2, Yan CAO2, Xiaoqiang XU3, Yuewen SHU3, Jun ZHANG2, Xuechun ZHANG1, *, Qile XIA2, *, authorsList=Jiaqiong ZHANG, Chenxing LIU, Yan CAO, Xiaoqiang XU, Yuewen SHU, Jun ZHANG, Xuechun ZHANG, Qile XIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuechun ZHANG, Qile XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889306353349240, articleId=1320889302276485728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=椪柑陈皮总黄酮大孔树脂纯化工艺优化及其体外活性分析, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究椪柑陈皮黄酮(Ponkan Chenpi flavonoids,PCf)的纯化工艺及其体外抗氧化和降血糖活性,本研究通过超声辅助溶剂提取法提取PCf,研究四种大孔树脂对PCf的静态吸附解吸效果,筛选出最佳的大孔树脂,利用单因素实验对纯化工艺进行优化。同时,探究纯化前后PCf对DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+自由基清除率、铁离子还原能力等抗氧化效果;同时探究其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果。结果显示,HPD-500大孔树脂对PCf的纯化效果最好,得到纯化的最佳条件是pH为2,乙醇浓度为80%,上样流速4 mL/min,洗脱流速3 mL/min,上样量与洗脱量比例为1:1.6。经过大孔树脂纯化后有效降低了样品还原糖含量,提高了总黄酮的含量(132.2±9.62 mg RE/g DW)。纯化后的PCf抗氧化和降血糖活性都达到更好的效果,ABTS+自由基清除率达到93.75%±0.82%,DPPH自由基清除率达到77.42%±0.91%,铁离子还原能力为纯化前的2倍,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率达到66.84%±0.67%。综上,HPD-500适用于椪柑陈皮总黄酮的初步分离纯化,且纯化后的产物表现出良好的抗氧化活性和对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性,为椪柑陈皮的进一步开发提供参考。

, authors=张嘉琼1, 2, 刘晨星2, 曹艳2, 徐晓强3, 舒月文3, 张俊2, 张雪春1, *, 夏其乐2, *, authorsList=张嘉琼, 刘晨星, 曹艳, 徐晓强, 舒月文, 张俊, 张雪春, 夏其乐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张雪春, 夏其乐, authorNote=

张嘉琼(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农林产品加工与贮运,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张雪春(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:植物蛋白的加工及其性质研究、药食两用植物资源开发及其对疾病的改善作用,E-mail:。
夏其乐(1979−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:果品加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NGVZEAr63HvSRwE6XLZ/Kw==, magXml=xvs99MXVfJqzxMyvHR1pFg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tuBJUvkUid78uC4dylxfag==, pdfFileSize=4331553, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=l2IfmOYH1UPzU6p+fHd4XA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LPru/W1GKxzXPCS6Z28djw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889308039459459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13417688430@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889308106568326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, authorId=1320889308039459459, language=EN, stringName=Jiaqiong ZHANG, firstName=Jiaqiong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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张嘉琼(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农林产品加工与贮运,E-mail:

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张嘉琼(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农林产品加工与贮运,E-mail:

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注:1. 芸香柚皮苷;2. 柚皮苷;3. 橙皮苷;4. 新橙皮苷;5. 川陈皮素;6. HMF;7. 桔皮素;8. 5-去甲基川陈皮素。

, figureFileSmall=CFjo4YE441hDoTSApGkaSQ==, figureFileBig=l2IfmOYH1UPzU6p+fHd4XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889310748979893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Adsorption kinetics of HPD-500 macroporous resin for PCf, figureFileSmall=vhh4MK6vhDg/BC4FqUlfxg==, figureFileBig=TR14f5gjesu2KlADoIdi7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889310820283062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HPD-500大孔树脂对PCf的吸附动力学

注:A. 大孔树脂吸附曲线;B. 准一级动力学模型;C. 准二级动力学模型;D. 粒子内扩散模型。

, figureFileSmall=vhh4MK6vhDg/BC4FqUlfxg==, figureFileBig=TR14f5gjesu2KlADoIdi7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889310891586231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Static desorption curve of macroporous resin, figureFileSmall=0FYdyYpHJRjCRdbbzlWZ/Q==, figureFileBig=aJlvH0Ym/bpEkLIMwNjciQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889310958695096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大孔树脂静态解吸曲线, figureFileSmall=0FYdyYpHJRjCRdbbzlWZ/Q==, figureFileBig=aJlvH0Ym/bpEkLIMwNjciQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889311029998265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of pH on the adsorption capacity of HPD-500 macroporous resin, figureFileSmall=6KR1bVuzTrF0R1DvM9NMiQ==, figureFileBig=0CbrIedJR+H6z2o/VjGGRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889311118078650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=CN, label=图4, caption=pH对HPD-500大孔树脂吸附能力的影响

注:不同小写字母表示显著性差异(P<0.05),相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),图5~图8同。

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注:A. ABTS+自由基清除活性;B. DPPH自由基清除活性;C. 铁离子还原能力;D. α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。

, figureFileSmall=pSpiZdUks7O44dlBAjFKNg==, figureFileBig=c16vQsAnzGi6OlPtSaX31w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889312183431881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physicochemical properties of the four macroporous resins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂类型极性粒径范围(mm)比表面积(m2/g)平均孔径(nm)
AB-8弱极性0.3~1.25480~520130~140
D101非极性0.3~1.25500~55090~100
HPD-500极性0.3~1.25570~60060~80
HP-20非极性0.3~1.25550~60085~90
), ArticleFig(id=1320889312258929354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四种大孔树脂的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂类型极性粒径范围(mm)比表面积(m2/g)平均孔径(nm)
AB-8弱极性0.3~1.25480~520130~140
D101非极性0.3~1.25500~55090~100
HPD-500极性0.3~1.25570~60060~80
HP-20非极性0.3~1.25550~60085~90
), ArticleFig(id=1320889312351204043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Adsorption-desorption capacity of four macroporous resins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型吸附量(mg/g)吸附率(%)解吸量(mg/g)解吸率(%)
AB-80.86±0.0001a92.99±0.0934a0.67±0.0003b77.34±0.3562c
HP-200.69±0.0002c73.77±0.1975c0.67±0.0002b97.35±0.4474a
HPD-5000.76±0.0002b82.32±0.2585b0.69±0.0008a90.98±.2916b
D1010.66±0.0005d71.08±0.5283d0.44±0.0012c66.73±2.2442d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889312426701516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四种大孔树脂的吸附-解吸能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型吸附量(mg/g)吸附率(%)解吸量(mg/g)解吸率(%)
AB-80.86±0.0001a92.99±0.0934a0.67±0.0003b77.34±0.3562c
HP-200.69±0.0002c73.77±0.1975c0.67±0.0002b97.35±0.4474a
HPD-5000.76±0.0002b82.32±0.2585b0.69±0.0008a90.98±.2916b
D1010.66±0.0005d71.08±0.5283d0.44±0.0012c66.73±2.2442d
), ArticleFig(id=1320889312493810381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Kinetic model fitting equations and model parameters

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动力学模型动力学方程R2动力学参数
准一级动力学ln(qe-qt)=−0.7496t−0.0060.8972K=−0.7496
准二级动力学t/qt=1.4353t+2.38920.9997K=1.4353
qe=0.7 mg/g
粒子内扩散模型Qt=0.042071/2+0.40160.7531/
Qt=0.05792t1/2+0.36260.9163/
Qt=−0.0003t1/2+0.69730.0113/
), ArticleFig(id=1320889312569307854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

动力学模型拟合方程及模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
动力学模型动力学方程R2动力学参数
准一级动力学ln(qe-qt)=−0.7496t−0.0060.8972K=−0.7496
准二级动力学t/qt=1.4353t+2.38920.9997K=1.4353
qe=0.7 mg/g
粒子内扩散模型Qt=0.042071/2+0.40160.7531/
Qt=0.05792t1/2+0.36260.9163/
Qt=−0.0003t1/2+0.69730.0113/
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张嘉琼 1, 2 , 刘晨星 2 , 曹艳 2 , 徐晓强 3 , 舒月文 3 , 张俊 2 , 张雪春 1, * , 夏其乐 2, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(2): 239-248
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (2) : 239 -248
椪柑陈皮总黄酮大孔树脂纯化工艺优化及其体外活性分析
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Post-harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889309759124138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, authorId=1320889309620712103, language=CN, stringName=夏其乐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建),全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,浙江杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889306663727740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889306676310653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, companyId=1320889306663727740, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889306684699262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889302276485728, companyId=1320889306663727740, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建),全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,浙江杭州 310021)])])]
张嘉琼1, 2 , 刘晨星2, 曹艳2, 徐晓强3, 舒月文3, 张俊2, 张雪春1, * , 夏其乐2, *
作者信息
  • 1西南林业大学,云南昆明 650224
  • 2农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建),全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,浙江杭州 310021
  • 3浙江早椿农业开发有限公司,浙江衢州 324000
通讯作者:
张雪春(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:植物蛋白的加工及其性质研究、药食两用植物资源开发及其对疾病的改善作用,E-mail:。
夏其乐(1979−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:果品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张嘉琼(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农林产品加工与贮运,E-mail:

Optimization of Macroporous Resin Purification Process and in Vitro Activity Study of Total Flavonoids from Citrus reticulata cv. Ponkan Peel
Jiaqiong ZHANG1, 2 , Chenxing LIU2, Yan CAO2, Xiaoqiang XU3, Yuewen SHU3, Jun ZHANG2, Xuechun ZHANG1, * , Qile XIA2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
  • 3Zhejiang ZaoChun Agricultural Development Limited Company, Quzhou 324000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010149
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为探究椪柑陈皮黄酮(Ponkan Chenpi flavonoids,PCf)的纯化工艺及其体外抗氧化和降血糖活性,本研究通过超声辅助溶剂提取法提取PCf,研究四种大孔树脂对PCf的静态吸附解吸效果,筛选出最佳的大孔树脂,利用单因素实验对纯化工艺进行优化。同时,探究纯化前后PCf对DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+自由基清除率、铁离子还原能力等抗氧化效果;同时探究其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果。结果显示,HPD-500大孔树脂对PCf的纯化效果最好,得到纯化的最佳条件是pH为2,乙醇浓度为80%,上样流速4 mL/min,洗脱流速3 mL/min,上样量与洗脱量比例为1:1.6。经过大孔树脂纯化后有效降低了样品还原糖含量,提高了总黄酮的含量(132.2±9.62 mg RE/g DW)。纯化后的PCf抗氧化和降血糖活性都达到更好的效果,ABTS+自由基清除率达到93.75%±0.82%,DPPH自由基清除率达到77.42%±0.91%,铁离子还原能力为纯化前的2倍,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率达到66.84%±0.67%。综上,HPD-500适用于椪柑陈皮总黄酮的初步分离纯化,且纯化后的产物表现出良好的抗氧化活性和对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性,为椪柑陈皮的进一步开发提供参考。

陈皮黄酮  /  分离纯化  /  抗氧化  /  降血糖

To investigate the desirable purification process of ponkan Chenpi flavonoids (PCf) and their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, this study extracted PCf using ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. Four types of macroporous resins were evaluated for their static adsorption-desorption efficiency toward PCf, and HPD-500 resin was identified as the optimal carrier. Single-factor experiments were subsequently conducted to optimize the purification parameters. The antioxidant activity of PCf (before and after purification) were assessed using DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate, and ferric ion reducing capacity. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was evaluated. Results demonstrated that HPD-500 resin achieved the highest purification efficiency for PCf under optimized conditions: 2 of pH, 80% ethanol concentration, sample loading flow rate of 4 mL/min, elution flow rate of 3 mL/min, and a sample-to-eluent volume ratio of 1:1.6. Post-purification, the reducing sugar content of PCf was significantly reduced, while the total flavonoid content increased (132.2±9.62 mg RE/g DW). Purified PCf exhibited stronger antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, with 93.75%±0.82% of ABTS+ radical scavenging rate reaching, 77.42%±0.91% of DPPH radical scavenging rate, double ferric ion reducing capacity, and 66.84%±0.67% of α-glucosidase inhibitory rate. In summary, HPD-500 resin is suitable for the preliminary separation and purification of ponkan Chenpi flavonoids, and the purified substance demonstrates significant antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase, providing a valuable reference for the further development of ponkan Chenpi-based functional products.

ponkan flavonoids  /  separation and purification  /  antioxidant  /  hypoglycemic
张嘉琼, 刘晨星, 曹艳, 徐晓强, 舒月文, 张俊, 张雪春, 夏其乐. 椪柑陈皮总黄酮大孔树脂纯化工艺优化及其体外活性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 239 -248 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010149
Jiaqiong ZHANG, Chenxing LIU, Yan CAO, Xiaoqiang XU, Yuewen SHU, Jun ZHANG, Xuechun ZHANG, Qile XIA. Optimization of Macroporous Resin Purification Process and in Vitro Activity Study of Total Flavonoids from Citrus reticulata cv. Ponkan Peel[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 239 -248 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010149
椪柑(Itrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan),芸香科柑橘属木本植物,主产于福建、浙江、湖南、四川等地区。衢州是浙江省重点柑橘产区,其中以椪柑最有名,“衢州椪柑”是国家地理标志保护产品,在该地区已经有千年的种植历史[1],衢州椪柑具有“皮薄肉香”的特点,每年都有大量的原料用于果汁和囊胞的加工,同时会产生大量的果皮,民间有对橘皮进行晾晒制作陈皮的习惯。陈皮(Chenpi)是芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥果皮,是我国传统的药食同源物质之一,素有“陈久者良”的说法[2]。近年来,关于陈皮的研究主要集中于广陈皮,柑橘品种是产于新会的茶枳柑[3]。研究证明,随着陈化年份的增加,陈皮中主要的活性成分类黄酮含量也会随着陈皮陈化时间的增加而逐渐增加,使其药理作用更强[4]。但椪柑陈皮缺乏系统研究,其中富含的黄酮成分未得到充分开发和利用。
黄酮类化合物是柑橘果皮中最重要的生物活性成分之一[5]。柑橘黄酮类化合物被认为具有多种药理作用,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、降血脂[6−7],在医药、食品、保健品和化妆品等领域具有一定的商业化应用潜力[8]。大孔树脂被广泛用于分离纯化,可以有效去除糖分和其他杂质,提高目标化合物的纯度[9]。穆莎茉莉等[10]用D101大孔树脂纯化蓖麻叶总黄酮,纯度达到了56.34%;朱成成等[11]用AB-8纯化蓝莓果葡糖浆中的花色苷,对还原糖的去除率达到84.13%,杜国军等[12]用DM301对酸枣仁总黄酮进行纯化,纯化物的纯度达到38.7%。目前关于采用大孔树脂纯化椪柑陈皮黄酮的工艺未见报道,适宜的大孔树脂填料尚不明确,其体外抗氧化和降血糖活性也缺乏研究。
本研究以衢州椪柑陈皮为原料,采用超声波辅助溶剂提取法提取椪柑陈皮黄酮(Ponkan Chenpi flavonoids,PCf),开展单因素实验确定其最佳的大孔树脂纯化工艺。进一步通过傅里叶红外光谱鉴定化合键,研究纯化前后陈皮黄酮的抗氧化活性及对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果。该研究旨在明确椪柑陈皮黄酮的相关活性,促进椪柑果皮的高值化利用,并且可以为椪柑果皮的药食两用提供重要的依据。
8年陈椪柑陈皮 浙江早椿农业开发有限公司提供;大孔树脂:D101、HP-20、AB-8、HPD-500 分析级,杭州慧赢仪器有限公司;无水乙醇、冰醋酸 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid,DNS) 分析级,飞净生物科技有限公司;DPPH、FeCl3、ABTS、α-葡萄糖苷酶(10 U/mg)、对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(pNPG)、3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮(3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone,HMF)、5-去甲基川陈皮素、柚皮苷、芸香柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、橙皮苷、桔皮素、川陈皮素等 色谱级,均购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;甲醇、乙醇、磷酸 色谱级,默克股份有限公司。
200 T高速多功能粉碎机、200 T分析天平 天津市泰斯仪器有限公司;RE-2000A旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;KQ-500DB数控超声波仪器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;SCIENTZ-18N/A冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技有限公司;YZ1515恒流泵 保定融柏恒流泵制造有限公司;Tecan Spark酶标仪 瑞士Tecan公司;LC-2030C 3D Plus高效液相色谱仪 岛津公司。
将陈化八年的陈皮打成粉,过50目筛,以1:25的料液比加入60%乙醇,50 ℃超声400 W辅助提取30 min,3000 r/min离心10 min,重复3次,合并上清液。用滤纸过滤杂质后用减压旋转蒸发仪浓缩。
参照陈叶廷等[13]的测定方法,配制0.01~0.1 mg/mL浓度的芦丁对照品溶液,取1 mL溶液加入0.3 mL 5% NaNO2,静置6 min,加入0.3 mL 10% Al(NO3)3,在静置6 min,加入4 mL 4% NaOH反应10 min,定容至10 mL后在510 nm处测吸光值,绘制标准曲线,其回归方程为y=5.8801x+0.00993,R2=0.9991。PCf浓度以芦丁(mg/g)当量表示。
取陈皮粉约0.3 g,加入甲醇25 mL,超声处理400 W辅助提取30 min,提取液在25 ℃下以3500 r/min的速度离心10 min,取上清液。加入甲醇补足重量至25 mL,得到黄酮提取物,分别取1 mL溶液过0.22 µm有机微孔滤膜,待进样。
参考本课题组原有的高效液相色谱分析方法[14],色谱条件:色谱柱:C18 柱(250 mm×4.6 mm ID,5 μm);流动相:乙腈(A相)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B相);流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:25 ℃;进样量:10 μL;波长设置为:283 nm和330 nm;梯度洗脱条件:0~15 min,20% A;15~35 min,20%~60% A;35~40 min,60%~100% A;40~42 min,100% A;42~45 min,100%~20% A;45~50 min,20% A。
四种大孔树脂的理化性质见表1。将四种大孔树脂浸泡在约3倍体积的95%(v/v)乙醇中使其充分膨胀,24 h后用蒸馏水反复冲洗至无醇味,并依次浸泡在2倍体积的4% HCl(v/v)和5% NaOH(w/v)溶液中各5 h。用蒸馏水清洗至中性,浸没在蒸馏水中备用。
参考本课题组原有的方法并经过预实验后进行调整[15],选用D101、HP-20、HPD-500、AB-8四种大孔树脂对PCf进行纯化。分别取8 g四种预处理的大孔树脂至于锥形瓶中,加入10 mL PCf(0.7 mg/mL),将烧瓶置于摇床在25 ℃和100 r/min下震荡4 h。将混合物进行过滤以分离树脂并用蒸馏水洗涤树脂。在同样条件下,将树脂浸没在20 mL 80%(v/v)乙醇中解吸。真空过滤后,测定滤液(解吸溶液)中黄酮的浓度。根据以下公式计算吸附和解吸性质。
$ 吸附量 (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{e},\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g})=[(\mathrm{C}0-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e})\times \mathrm{V}]/\mathrm{W} $
$ 吸附率 (\mathrm{A},\text{%})=[(\mathrm{C}0-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e})/\mathrm{C}0]\times 100 $
$ 解吸量 (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{d},\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g})=(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{d}\times \mathrm{V}\mathrm{d})/\mathrm{W} $
$ 解吸率 (\mathrm{D},\text{%})=(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{d}\times \mathrm{V}\mathrm{d})/[(\mathrm{C}0-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e})\times \mathrm{V}]\times 100 $
式中,C0、Ce和Cd分别代表初始溶液、平衡溶液和解吸溶液中总黄酮的浓度,mg/mL;V和Vd分别代表样品体积和洗脱体积,mL;W代表预处理的大孔树脂的重量,g。
称取8 g HPD-500树脂加入锥形瓶中,同时移取10 mL的PCf(0.7 mg/mL),随后将该烧瓶置于摇床中,于25 ℃、100 r/min条件下持续振荡6 h。分别在1、3、5、8、10、15、20、30、60、90、120、150、180、210、240、270、300 min时取1 mL测定总黄酮含量,并绘制吸附曲线。
将HPD-500树脂(8 g)和10 mL PCf(0.7 mg/mL)加入锥形烧瓶中。将该烧瓶置于摇床中,100 r/min,在25 ℃下持续2.5 h,清洗树脂至中性后,加入20 mL 80%的乙醇进行解吸,分别在30~300 min时间内间隔半小时取1 mL测定总黄酮含量并绘制解吸动力学曲线。
采用拟一级动力学模型、拟二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散动力学模型对树脂的吸附行为进行了分析。以大孔吸附树脂与PCf溶液刚接触时为0时刻,然后计算t时刻样品液中剩余总黄酮浓度。以时间t为横坐标,以剩余总黄酮浓度为纵坐标,绘制大孔树脂的静态吸附动力学曲线。
$ 拟一阶模型方程: \mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{e}-\mathrm{q}\mathrm{t})=-\mathrm{k}1\mathrm{t}+\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\;\mathrm{q}\mathrm{e} $
$ 准二级模型方程: \mathrm{t}/\mathrm{q}\mathrm{t}=1/\mathrm{k}2\mathrm{q}\mathrm{e}^2+\mathrm{t}/\mathrm{q}\mathrm{e} $
$ 粒内扩散模型方程: \mathrm{q}\mathrm{t}=\mathrm{k}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{t}1/2+\mathrm{C} $
其中,qt(mg/g)表示时间t(min)时的吸附量;qe(mg/g)表示吸附量;k1(min−1)、k2 [g/(mg·min)]和kp [mg/(g·min1/2)]分别表示准一级、准二级和颗粒内扩散模型的速率常数;C(mg/g)表示取决于边界层的常数。
参考Yang等[16]的方法并稍做修改,为探究不同pH对HPD-500大孔树脂吸附效果的影响,使用1% HCl和1% NaOH将PCf的pH调节至2、3、4、5、6和7。然后,将HPD-500树脂8 g加入到不同pH的PCf溶液(0.7 mg/mL)中,置于摇床100 r/min振荡2 h。根据初始和平衡溶液中的总黄酮含量计算吸附量和吸附率。
为探究不同乙醇浓度对HPD-500大孔树脂解吸效果的影响,称取HPD-500树脂8 g,置于含PCf溶液(0.7 mg/mL)10 mL的锥形瓶,置于摇床100 r/min振荡2.5 h,过滤后,将20 mL不同浓度(0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、95%和100%,v/v)的乙醇溶液加入大孔树脂中进行解吸。并在相同条件下振荡2 h,以总黄酮含量为指标计算解吸量和解吸率。
参考Yang等[16]的方法并稍做修改,动态吸附和解吸过程进行了使用玻璃柱(2.6×40 cm)填充预处理HPD-500树脂50 mL。为探究不同上样速率对动态吸附效果的影响,以不同流速(1、2、3、4、5 mL/min)将50 mL的PCf溶液(0.7 mg/mL)流入柱子进行吸附。根据总黄酮的含量计算吸附量和吸附率。
探究洗脱液流速对动态解吸效果的影响,将PCf溶液(0.7 mg/mL)以4 mL/min的流速吸附后,分别用不同的流速1、2、3、4、5 mL/min的80%乙醇溶液(50 mL)作为洗脱液。测定流出总黄酮含量计算解吸量。
探究洗脱剂用量对动态解吸量的影响,以4 mL/min的流速加入PCf溶液(0.7 mg/mL)50 mL。完全吸附后,使用80%乙醇溶液以3 mL/min的流速进行解吸。研究了1:0.8、1:1、1:1.2、1:1.4、1:1.6、1:2的80%乙醇体积。以总黄酮含量为指标计算解吸量和解吸率来确定最佳上样液与洗脱液比例。
按照试验得到的最佳的动态实验条件进行纯化,装柱160 mL的大孔树脂,200 mL的PCf溶液,接收器设置10 mL每管收集后测定解吸率绘制洗脱液含量曲线。
参考恽含等[17]的方法有所改动:配制1 mg/mL葡萄糖母液,分别取0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mL母液加蒸馏水至0.5 mL,再加入2 mL DNS,置于沸水中加热5 min显色后,用冰水冷却,加入4 mL蒸馏水,在540 nm处测吸光值并绘制标准曲线,得到回归方程y=1.3351x−0.0314,R2=0.9997。根据标准曲线方程计算纯化前后的PCf的还原糖含量(mg/g)。
称取0.3 mg纯化后的PCf,与300 mg的溴化钾混匀,采用压片的方式在500~4000 cm−1区间进行红外光谱扫描。
参考叶佳丰等[18]的方法有所改动,配制不同浓度纯化前后PCf溶液,取50.0 μL按梯度稀释的样品溶液,加入150.0 μL ABTS储备液,室温避光反应6 min后于734 nm波长处测定吸光,以VC为阳性对照。清除率公式如下:
$ \mathrm{R}(\text{%})=\frac{\left[\mathrm{A}\mathrm{c}-\left(\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}-\mathrm{A}\mathrm{b}\right)\right]}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{c}}\times 100 $
R:清除率,%;样品组(As);空白组(Ac):无水乙醇代替样品;样品对照组(Ab):无水乙醇代替反应液。
参考杨永涛等[19]的方法,略有改动。配制不同浓度纯化前后PCf溶液,各吸取1 mL,加入1 mL DPPH溶液中,混匀后室温下避光30 min,并于517 nm处测吸光度,以VC为阳性对照。计算公式同公式(8)。
参考韩益等[20]的方法,略有改动。取100 μL的不同浓度纯化前后PCf溶液,加入2.4 mL工作液,混匀,37 ℃水浴10 min,在593 nm测定吸光值。VC溶液作为阳性对照组。吸光度表示铁离子还原能力。
参考Karim等[21]的方法,略有改动。将20 μL α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(2 U/mL)、20 μL不同浓度纯化前后的PCf溶液及90 μL PBS缓冲液加入96孔板中混匀,37 ℃下共孵育5 min,加入pNPG底物(5 mmol/L)至150 μL,孵育后立刻加入0.2 mol/L的Na2CO3溶液至体系为200 μL终止反应,测定其在405 nm处吸光度。阿卡波糖为阳性对照,等体积PBS为阴性对照。计算公式参照公式(9)。
$ 抑制率(\text{%})=\left(1- \frac{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{O}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{O}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{b}} \right)\times 100 $
式中,ODA是实验组;ODa是实验对照组;ODB是空白组;ODb是空白对照组。
所有数据都是经过三次平行实验,结果均以平均值±标准差表示,采用SPSS 27.0 ANOVA方法分析和Waller-Duncan模型对组间差异进行显著性分析,P<0.05被认为存在显著性差异;Origin pro 2025和Omnic进行相关绘图。
图1是8种标准品和PCf在283 nm和330 nm的色谱图,图1中第三个峰橙皮苷的峰强度高,即PCf中的含有丰富的橙皮苷,含量达到48.71±0.82 mg/g,符合中国药典对陈皮中含橙皮苷(≥3.5%)的要求。橙皮苷在不同的抗氧化模型(DPPH自由基清除、超氧阴离子清除、还原力和金属螯合作用)中显示出比橙皮素更有效的抗氧化活性[22]。多甲氧基黄酮是柑橘属中特有的成分,研究证明,多甲氧基黄酮在抗氧化和抗肿瘤方面具有更强的生物活性[23]。从图1可以看出椪柑陈皮中含有川陈皮素、桔皮素、HMF和5-去甲基川陈皮素。黄烷酮以柑橘类植物中的糖苷和糖苷配基形式存在,柚皮苷和橙皮苷水解后可得到柚皮素和橙皮素,是最重要的糖苷配基形式,柑橘黄烷酮已被证明通过清除自由基表现出抗氧化活性,这是许多其他生物活性的基础[24]。因此,椪柑陈皮具有研究抗氧化活性的潜力。
大孔树脂的吸附和解吸能力影响目标产物的纯化效果,4种大孔树脂的物理性质如表2所示,4种大孔树脂对PCf的吸附和解吸的能力如表2所示。通过静态吸附和解吸实验发现,这4种大孔树脂的吸附率依次为AB-8>HPD-500>HP-20>D101,解吸率依次为HP-20>HPD-500>AB-8>D101。AB-8对PCf的吸附率最高,但HPD-500对PCf的解吸率最高,从表1可知HPD-500大孔树脂的比表面积为570~600 m2/g,比其他3种更大,更有利于解吸时乙醇充分渗透空隙,高效洗脱PCf。因此,结合吸附-解吸性能后,确定用HPD-500作为PCf的纯化材料。
图2A为大孔树脂对PCf的吸附曲线,吸附率随着时间增加而增加,在0~30 min之间,吸附量迅速上涨,在30 min吸附率为79.13%±0.30%,30 min后吸附率的变化趋于平缓,在2.5 h时,大孔树脂吸附率最高值可达79.45%,超过150 min时,吸附率降低,表明树脂在接近饱和时会发生自脱附,吸附和脱附在同时发生[25]。
将吸附动力学的数据拟合到准一级动力学、准二级动力学和颗粒扩散模型,由图2B、图2C和表3中的拟合参数表明,准二级动力学模型方程拟R2值(0.9997)高于准一级动力学模型方程R2值(0.8972),表明准二级动力学对于HPD-500对PCf吸附过程的阐释更准确,结果与Wu等[26]纯化枸杞黄酮类化合物的研究结果一致。由准二级动力学方程计算得到最大的理论吸附量为0.7 mg/mL,与实际最大吸附量0.699 mg/mL非常接近,由图2D可见,PCf溶液在粒子内扩散模型涉及三个阶段,更加清晰地表示PCf通过溶液扩散到HPD-500的运动过程,在第二阶段为高速吸附阶段,R2为0.9163,且第三阶段趋于平衡。所以HPD-500对PCf的吸附是逐步从表面扩散到孔内扩散,孔内扩散是总黄酮吸附的主要阶段[27]。
图3为HPD-500大孔树脂的静态解吸曲线,在0~1 h的时间范围内,HPD-500大孔树脂对PCf的静态解吸速率增长最快;在1 h时,解吸率已经达到93.33%±3.06%,随后在2 h达到了97.26%±1.88%,3.5 h时达到最高值98.36%±1.05%,4 h之后,PCf浓度趋于平缓,选择2 h为解吸时间较为理想。
溶液的pH对大孔树脂的吸附能力有显著影响,图4为不同pH对吸附能力的影响。从图3可知,随着pH的增加,大孔树脂对PCf的吸附能力逐渐减小。在当pH=2时,HPD-500吸附率达到最高值95.32%±0.59%,与其他pH为4、5、6、7的吸附率有显著的区别(P<0.05);当pH超过3时,HPD-500大孔树脂对黄酮的吸附率逐渐下降。当pH为中性时,吸附率降低至71.14%±4.07%;推测可能因为黄酮类化合物含有酚羟基而呈现一定的酸性,在酸性条件下容易与树脂产生氢键作用,从而更易被吸附[28]。
由图5可以发现乙醇浓度从20%增加到80%时,对PCf的洗脱逐渐增高。当洗脱液为纯水时或者20%乙醇时,吸附在树脂上的黄酮类化合物不易被水和低浓度乙醇解吸[26];洗脱效果最好的浓度为80%乙醇,其解吸率高达96.23%±2.35%,与0%~60%及95%浓度的乙醇洗脱液有显著的差异(P<0.05);当乙醇浓度为95%时解吸率反而下降了,可能是乙醇浓度增大,洗脱剂极性变小,溶剂分子不能和HPD-500树脂形成氢键作用,难以将树脂上的黄酮类化合物分子置换下来,导致黄酮类化合物不容易解吸。因此,选择乙醇浓度为80%。
如图6所示,在较低的流速下,溶液与树脂之间接触时间的延长逐渐增加吸附率。当流速为1 mL/min时,吸附率达到94.12%±0.23%,流速为5 mL/min时,吸附率为89.32%±0.27%。因此,控制流速可以提高吸附率。过快的流速可能导致溶液和树脂之间的接触时间不足,这导致有效成分的不完全吸附和黄酮类化合物泄漏增加,降低了吸附率和吸附量[29]。因此,流速4 mL/min为最佳上样流速。
不同的洗脱流速下,80%乙醇对PCf的洗脱率不同。据图7可以看出,过快或者过慢的洗脱速度都会影响树脂对PCf的解吸。在3 mL/min的流速时,洗脱效果最好,达到79.91%±1.28%,与其他的流速有显著区别(P<0.05)。当洗脱流速过快,导致洗脱液与大孔树脂接触时间不够,无法完全将树脂上吸附的黄酮洗脱下来[30]。因此,3 mL/min为理想的洗脱流速。
根据图8可以发现上样液与洗脱液的比例从1:0.8到1:1时,大孔树脂的解吸率快速上升,随着洗脱液的用量逐渐增加,洗脱液对树脂的解吸效果也更好。当上样液和洗脱液的比例为1:0.8的时候,解吸率最低,可能是因为洗脱剂的用量难以洗脱全部的黄酮。当上样液和洗脱液的比例为1:1.6时,解吸率最高94.27%±1.14%,且解吸量也达到最高,与其他洗脱体积下的解吸量有显著区别(P<0.05)。因此,选择上样液与洗脱液的体积比为1:1.6。
根据以上单因素所得出的最佳条件,测定动态下的解吸曲线。图9为动态解吸曲线,可以发现,解吸峰在12管之后开始出现,30管之后趋于平缓,为了使纯化后PCf的纯度更高,因此选择12~30管进行收集,减压浓缩后进行冻干。
经HPD-500大孔树脂纯化后,PCf总黄酮和还原糖含量的变化。纯化后的PCf的总黄酮含量显著增加(P<0.05)从48.49±0.91 mg RE/g DW增加到132.2±9.62 mgRE/g DW,提高了约3倍,与周红艳等[31]提取纯化瓯柑果皮类黄酮纯度提高3.07倍的结果接近,王狄等[32]利用超声提取并用大孔树脂分离纯化番茄渣的总黄酮,其总黄酮含量从7.35 mg/g提升至53.5 mg/g,相比较之下,陈皮总黄酮含量更高;其还原糖含量显著下降(P<0.05)从239.06±1.37 mg GE/g DW降低到6.36±0.07 mg GE/g DW,展示出良好的脱糖效果,纯化前后的含量表现出显著差异性。
利用傅里叶红外光谱对纯化后的PCf进行扫描,可以对PCf的化学键成分进行初步鉴定。如图10所示,在3407.1526 cm−1处的吸收峰是黄酮类物质中酚羟基的伸缩振动峰,信号强说明羟基数目较多[33],在2028.815 cm−1处的吸收峰是C-H的伸缩振动,在1639.1245 cm−1处的吸收峰C=C的伸缩振动,属于黄酮醇。1000~1200 cm−1的区域内为C-O伸缩产生的振动,黄酮苷通常显示出糖基与黄酮骨架之间的连接带来的特征振动[34]。综上可知,纯化后的PCf具有黄酮基本骨架,初步鉴定纯化后的PCf属于黄酮类化合物。
ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力来检验PCf的抗氧化效果,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率常用来表征体外降血糖活性,PCf的抗氧化和降血糖活性如图11所示。由图11可得,在0.1~0.5 mg/mL的浓度范围内,随着浓度的提升,PCf对ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率也在增加。纯化后的PCf对ABTS+自由基的清除率比纯化前的PCf有大幅度提升,且在0.5 mg/mL的浓度与VC差距较小,可达到93.75%±0.82%。纯化前后的IC50值分别是0.18±0.01 mg/mL和0.10±0.01 mg/mL。纯化后的PCf明显比纯化前的PCf清除率更强。黄芪茎叶的总黄酮IC50 ABTS值0.69 mg/mL和菜芙蓉花黄酮的IC50 ABTS值0.018 mg/mL[35−36],PCf显示出更强的ABTS+自由基清除率。
在0.5 mg/mL的浓度时,纯化前的PCf对DPPH自由基清除率为53.04%±0.01%,沈晓静等[37]提取的咖啡叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基的清除率在0.5 mg/mL的浓度下为59.44%,两者较为接近。张贵川等[38]采用AB-8纯化后的大蓟总黄酮的IC50 DPPH值为0.58 mg/mL,大于纯化后PCf的IC50 DPPH为0.19±0.01 mg/mL,相比之下PCf有更好的效果。
利用吸光度来反映纯化前后PCf对铁离子还原能力,在0.1~0.5 mg/mL的浓度范围内,随着浓度的增加,纯化前后的PCf对铁离子的还原能力也逐渐增加,在0.5 mg/mL时纯化后PCf的还原力是纯化前的2倍,与青皮无花果对铁离子的还原能力相当[39]。基于先前的报道,黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性,本结果与之相符合[40]。因此,椪柑陈皮的抗氧化活性具有一定的研究意义。
由图11D可以看出纯化后的PCf比纯化前的PCf对α-葡萄糖苷酶呈现出更强的抑制效果。在0.04~0.4 mg/mL的浓度范围内,陈皮总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率随着浓度上升而上升,在0.4 mg/mL时,纯化后的总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率达到66.84%±0.67%,纯化前后的IC50值分别为0.27±0.01 mg/mL和0.13±0.01 mg/mL,比黑青稞麸皮多酚的(IC50 0.52±0.03 mg/mL)的效果更好[41],表明PCf对α-葡萄糖苷酶是具有一定的抑制作用。
本研究发现HPD-500大孔树脂适合分离纯化PCf,准二级动力学模型R2值最高为0.9997,最能反映HPD-500对PCf的吸附过程。当pH为2,上样流速为4 mL/min,洗脱流速为3 mL/min,洗脱浓度乙醇浓度为80%,PCf含量最高,提高了约3倍,表明该工艺条件效果可行,可以用于富集PCf,同时可为后续开展椪柑陈皮总黄酮功能鉴定和结构解析等研究提供技术基础。
体外活性表明,纯化后的PCf对ABTS+、DPPH自由基清除能力,铁离子还原能力都有良好的效果,对于α-葡萄糖苷酶也具有抑制活性,结果表明PCf具有良好的抗氧化和降血糖应用潜力,可以为后续更加深入研究椪柑陈皮的活性提供理论依据,该研究可为椪柑陈皮的开发利用提供一定的参考价值。后续研究可以增加不同陈化年份的椪柑陈皮黄酮类化合物的变化以及生物活性,黄酮单体物质与活性之间的关系,探究椪柑陈皮的生物活性及增加其附加值。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010149
  • 接收时间:2025-01-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-17
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    1西南林业大学,云南昆明 650224
    2农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建),全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,浙江杭州 310021
    3浙江早椿农业开发有限公司,浙江衢州 324000

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张雪春(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:植物蛋白的加工及其性质研究、药食两用植物资源开发及其对疾病的改善作用,E-mail:。
夏其乐(1979−),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:果品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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