Article(id=1320889752849596645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010138, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737043200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854258024, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854258024, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854258024, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854258024, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=448, endPage=459, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889753055117542, articleId=1320889752849596645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research Progress on the Mechanism of Prebiotics Regulating Intestinal Microecological and Metabolism in the Elderly, columnId=1261343851327906245, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the increasing prevalence of global aging, China is confronted with a significant challenge posed by an aging population. The intestinal microecological health of the elderly has emerged as a critical research focus. This paper comprehensively examines the beneficial impacts of prebiotics on intestinal barrier function and immune modulation. These effects are attained through the stimulation of beneficial bacteria growth, the suppression of pathogenic bacteria proliferation, and the augmentation of short-chain fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, the paper summarizes the potential of prebiotics in managing prevalent metabolic disorders in the elderly, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, a comparative assessment is carried out on the action features of various prebiotics, such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides. At present, the application mechanisms of prebiotics in the elderly population are not fully comprehended, and their overall effectiveness requires further investigation. Future studies place emphasis on investigating the synergistic actions of prebiotics combined with other dietary or pharmacological interventions and accelerate the development of innovative, highly efficient prebiotic products specifically designed for the elderly, thus enhancing the accuracy and applicability of nutritional intervention approaches.
, authors=Wenjun LIU
1, 2, Pan WANG
2, Yubin WANG
2, Dan WANG
2, Wenting ZHAO
2, Yuanyuan ZHAO
2, Xiaoyan ZHAO
1, 2, Chunhong ZHANG
1, *, authorsList=Wenjun LIU, Pan WANG, Yubin WANG, Dan WANG, Wenting ZHAO, Yuanyuan ZHAO, Xiaoyan ZHAO, Chunhong ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunhong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889754091110635, articleId=1320889752849596645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=益生元调节老年肠道微生态及代谢的机制研究进展, columnId=1261343852603031688, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=专题综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
随着全球老龄化程度的不断加深,中国正面临日益严峻的人口老龄化挑战。在此背景下,老年人肠道微生态稳态逐渐成为食品营养与健康领域的研究热点。本文系统梳理了益生元通过调节肠道菌群结、改善菌群代谢物生成(短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸等)、修复肠道屏障等途径调控肠道稳态的作用机制,并总结了其在肥胖、高血糖、高血脂等老年常见代谢性疾病干预中的潜在价值。同时,对不同类型益生元(如菊粉与低聚果糖)的作用效果及分子机制进行了比较分析。然而,目前益生元在老年人群体中的应用机制尚不完全明确,整体效应仍需深入验证。未来应重点关注益生元与其他膳食成分或药物联合干预的协同效应,积极开发针对老年人群生理特点的新型、高效益生元产品,以提升营养干预策略的精准性与实用性。
, authors=柳雯郡
1, 2, 王盼
2, 王宇滨
2, 王丹
2, 赵文婷
2, 赵圆圆
2, 赵晓燕
1, 2, 张春红
1, *, authorsList=柳雯郡, 王盼, 王宇滨, 王丹, 赵文婷, 赵圆圆, 赵晓燕, 张春红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张春红, authorNote=
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1College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Chin
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1沈阳农业大学食品学院,辽宁沈阳 110866
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Codonopsis pilosula ameliorated mice colitis and underlying mechanisms[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 264: 113280., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889779567313328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=112, rfOrder=128, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO L, GONG C, DING Y, et al. Probiotics maintain intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in healthy formula-fed infants: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study[J]. Benef Microbes, 2019, 10: 729−739., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889779730891185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=113, rfOrder=129, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Wei, ZHOU Shuxin, LIU Jiahua, et al. Prebiotic, immuno-stimulating and gut microbiota-modulating effects of
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 121: 109591., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889779802194354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=114, rfOrder=130, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AMATI L, MARZULLI G, MARTULLI M, et al. Administration of a synbiotic to free-living elderly and evaluation of serum cytokines. A pilot study[J]. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2010, 16(7): 854−888., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889754615398636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889754627981549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, companyId=1320889754615398636, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Chin), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889754640564462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, companyId=1320889754615398636, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1沈阳农业大学食品学院,辽宁沈阳 110866)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889754913194223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889754950942960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, companyId=1320889754913194223, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889754971914481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, companyId=1320889754913194223, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2北京市农林科学院农产品加工与营养研究所,果蔬保鲜与加工农产品北京市重点实验室,农业农村部蔬菜采后加工重点实验室,北京 100097)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889759359156518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota at different ages, figureFileSmall=DdfdLCHzGrLzHIBbz78MIA==, figureFileBig=kQ5zG8UlUmtZeNWOv2dR1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889759430459687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
不同年龄阶段肠道菌群组成的变化注:↑表丰度增加;↓表丰度降低。
, figureFileSmall=DdfdLCHzGrLzHIBbz78MIA==, figureFileBig=kQ5zG8UlUmtZeNWOv2dR1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889761187873064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Mechanism of prebiotics regulating intestinal microecological metabolism in the elderly, figureFileSmall=AGu9hFkwhq/s+3VMeSap5g==, figureFileBig=BmzA7KUPv4iW8oQgavbi6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889761242399017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
益生元调节老年肠道微生态代谢的机制注:↑表增加,↓表降低,本图由Figdraw绘制。
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Relationship between geriatric diseases and intestinal microbiota
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 疾病 | 参与者 | 肠道菌群变化 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 肥胖 | 中老年超重/肥胖女性 | 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)↑、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)↓,肠道菌群的多样性↓ | [19] |
| 老年肥胖人群 | 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)↑、杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)↓ | [21] |
| 肥胖患者 | 厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门(Firmicutes/Bacteriodes,F/B)↑ | [20] |
| 老年人 | 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)比例↑、梭状芽孢杆菌IV(Clostridium cluster IV)↑ | [23] |
| 肥胖患者 | 菌群多样性↓ | [22] |
| 肥胖患者 | 肠道细菌多样性↓、拟杆菌属↑ | [24] |
| 高血糖 | 老年T2DM患者 | 拟杆菌↑、肠杆菌↑、乳杆菌↓双歧杆菌↓、普雷沃菌↓、HOMA-IR↓,IL-6↓、IL-22↓、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)↓和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)↓ | [25] |
| 老年T2DM患者 | 沙门菌、大肠埃希菌等病原菌数量↑ | [27] |
| 老年T2DM患者 | 肠道有益菌数目↓,条件致病菌数目↑,丁酸产生菌↓ | [26] |
| 老年T2DM患者 | 丁酸产生菌↓,参与氧化应激反应的微生物基因表达水平↑,LPS↑ | [28] |
| 老年T2DM女性患者 | 梭菌↓ | [30] |
| T2DM患者 | 厚壁菌门↓、拟杆菌门↑、拟杆菌门↑ | [31] |
| T2DM患者 | 肠道罗伊氏菌(Roseburia intestinalis)和柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)↓ | [29] |
| 高血脂 | 高血脂患者 | 双歧杆菌↓、乳酸杆菌↓,大肠杆菌↑、粪肠球菌↑ | [34] |
| T2DM合并脂代谢紊乱患者 | 丁酸生成菌↓ | [28] |
| 血脂异常的中老年人群 | 肠道菌群多样性↓、Chao指数显著↓ | [39] |
| 同时患高血糖与血脂异常的老年人 | 劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和Dorea↑ | [39] |
| 高脂血症患者 | 大肠埃希菌、乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌等↓,拟杆菌,肠球菌等↑ | [35−37] |
| 高脂血症患者 | 肠杆菌↑ | [38] |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889761385005355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
老年疾病与肠道菌群的变化关系
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 疾病 | 参与者 | 肠道菌群变化 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 肥胖 | 中老年超重/肥胖女性 | 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)↑、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)↓,肠道菌群的多样性↓ | [19] |
| 老年肥胖人群 | 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)↑、杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)↓ | [21] |
| 肥胖患者 | 厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门(Firmicutes/Bacteriodes,F/B)↑ | [20] |
| 老年人 | 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)比例↑、梭状芽孢杆菌IV(Clostridium cluster IV)↑ | [23] |
| 肥胖患者 | 菌群多样性↓ | [22] |
| 肥胖患者 | 肠道细菌多样性↓、拟杆菌属↑ | [24] |
| 高血糖 | 老年T2DM患者 | 拟杆菌↑、肠杆菌↑、乳杆菌↓双歧杆菌↓、普雷沃菌↓、HOMA-IR↓,IL-6↓、IL-22↓、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)↓和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)↓ | [25] |
| 老年T2DM患者 | 沙门菌、大肠埃希菌等病原菌数量↑ | [27] |
| 老年T2DM患者 | 肠道有益菌数目↓,条件致病菌数目↑,丁酸产生菌↓ | [26] |
| 老年T2DM患者 | 丁酸产生菌↓,参与氧化应激反应的微生物基因表达水平↑,LPS↑ | [28] |
| 老年T2DM女性患者 | 梭菌↓ | [30] |
| T2DM患者 | 厚壁菌门↓、拟杆菌门↑、拟杆菌门↑ | [31] |
| T2DM患者 | 肠道罗伊氏菌(Roseburia intestinalis)和柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)↓ | [29] |
| 高血脂 | 高血脂患者 | 双歧杆菌↓、乳酸杆菌↓,大肠杆菌↑、粪肠球菌↑ | [34] |
| T2DM合并脂代谢紊乱患者 | 丁酸生成菌↓ | [28] |
| 血脂异常的中老年人群 | 肠道菌群多样性↓、Chao指数显著↓ | [39] |
| 同时患高血糖与血脂异常的老年人 | 劳特氏菌属(Blautia)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和Dorea↑ | [39] |
| 高脂血症患者 | 大肠埃希菌、乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌等↓,拟杆菌,肠球菌等↑ | [35−37] |
| 高脂血症患者 | 肠杆菌↑ | [38] |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889761494057260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Classification, sources and applications of prebiotics
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| 益生元种类 | 益生元 | 分子量(kDa) | 益生元的来源 | 应用 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 糖类 | 低聚果糖 | 180.156 | 大蒜、芦笋、菊苣、洋葱、甜叶菊、西红柿、香蕉、蜂蜜 | 具有益生元活性,诱导免疫反应的调节 | [44] |
| 低聚半乳糖 | 180.156 | 动物乳汁、乳糖、乳清、豆科植物种子 | 促进双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的生长,抑制脂多糖介导的炎症,促进大脑发育 | [45] |
| 低聚异麦芽糖 | 342.3 | 大麦、小麦、木薯、马铃薯、麦芽糖、蔗糖 | 抗糖尿和乳酸菌生长病、预防龋齿、刺激结肠内双歧杆菌 | [46] |
| 低聚木糖 | 150.13 | 竹子、玉米芯、麦壳、麦麸、蔬菜 | 具有益生元特性,作为抗氧化剂、凝胶剂、可治疗糖尿病 | [47] [48] |
| 低聚壳聚糖 | <3500 | 虾、蟹、贝类等甲壳类动物 | 具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌和降低胆固醇的作用 | [49] [50] |
| 低聚棉子糖 | 504 | 菜籽、扁豆、豌豆、鹰嘴豆 | 促进双歧杆菌的增殖,减少有毒发酵产物及有害细菌酶的产生,改善血清脂质的作用 | [51] |
| 菊粉 | 285.303 | 菊苣、生姜、大蒜、洋葱和芦笋 | 具有益生元作用,可通过调节肠道菌群重塑肠道稳态 | [52] |
| 藻类多糖 | − | 马尾藻、石莼、脐带紫菜、红色大型藻类、绿色大型藻类 | 具有抗氧化、抗血糖和益生元潜力 | [53] |
| β-葡聚糖 | 470.42 | 谷物、细菌、酵母、蘑菇、海藻和海鲜 | 具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗癌、抗衰老、降血糖和降胆固醇等生物效应 | [54] |
| 果胶 | − | 向日葵、苹果、橙子、山楂、秋葵 | 调节宿主肠道微生物组,具有益生元作用 | [55] |
| 多酚化合物 | 白藜芦醇 | 228.25 | 毛叶藜芦、桑葚、虎杖、葡萄、花生 | 抗病毒、抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂和抗癌等多种生物活性 | [56−59] |
| 姜黄素 | 368.37 | 姜黄 | 具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡等效应 | [60] |
| 茶多酚 | 458.372 | 茶叶 | 具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒、缓解炎症、增强上皮细胞屏障等功能 | [61] |
| 儿茶素 | 290.28 | 茶、葡萄、可可、红酒 | 抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗凋亡等方面具有显著作用 | [62] |
| 花青素 | 287.25 | 水果、蔬菜和茶叶以及包括葡萄和苹果 | 具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗过敏、防龋齿、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性 | [63] |
| 槲皮素 | 302.24 | 苹果、葡萄、洋葱坚果 | 具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节等多种生物活性,并在多种疾病中显示出治疗和预防作用 | [64−66] |
| 蛋白质水解物 | α-乳清蛋白 水解物 | − | 哺乳动物的乳汁 | 促进肠道中有益菌如双歧杆菌的生长,并抑制有害菌的生长,从而调节肠道微生物群 | [67] |
| 大豆蛋白水解物 | − | 大豆 | 促进嗜热链球菌和保加利亚杆菌的生长 | [68] |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889761573749037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889752849596645, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
益生元的分类、来源及应用
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 益生元种类 | 益生元 | 分子量(kDa) | 益生元的来源 | 应用 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 糖类 | 低聚果糖 | 180.156 | 大蒜、芦笋、菊苣、洋葱、甜叶菊、西红柿、香蕉、蜂蜜 | 具有益生元活性,诱导免疫反应的调节 | [44] |
| 低聚半乳糖 | 180.156 | 动物乳汁、乳糖、乳清、豆科植物种子 | 促进双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的生长,抑制脂多糖介导的炎症,促进大脑发育 | [45] |
| 低聚异麦芽糖 | 342.3 | 大麦、小麦、木薯、马铃薯、麦芽糖、蔗糖 | 抗糖尿和乳酸菌生长病、预防龋齿、刺激结肠内双歧杆菌 | [46] |
| 低聚木糖 | 150.13 | 竹子、玉米芯、麦壳、麦麸、蔬菜 | 具有益生元特性,作为抗氧化剂、凝胶剂、可治疗糖尿病 | [47] [48] |
| 低聚壳聚糖 | <3500 | 虾、蟹、贝类等甲壳类动物 | 具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌和降低胆固醇的作用 | [49] [50] |
| 低聚棉子糖 | 504 | 菜籽、扁豆、豌豆、鹰嘴豆 | 促进双歧杆菌的增殖,减少有毒发酵产物及有害细菌酶的产生,改善血清脂质的作用 | [51] |
| 菊粉 | 285.303 | 菊苣、生姜、大蒜、洋葱和芦笋 | 具有益生元作用,可通过调节肠道菌群重塑肠道稳态 | [52] |
| 藻类多糖 | − | 马尾藻、石莼、脐带紫菜、红色大型藻类、绿色大型藻类 | 具有抗氧化、抗血糖和益生元潜力 | [53] |
| β-葡聚糖 | 470.42 | 谷物、细菌、酵母、蘑菇、海藻和海鲜 | 具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗癌、抗衰老、降血糖和降胆固醇等生物效应 | [54] |
| 果胶 | − | 向日葵、苹果、橙子、山楂、秋葵 | 调节宿主肠道微生物组,具有益生元作用 | [55] |
| 多酚化合物 | 白藜芦醇 | 228.25 | 毛叶藜芦、桑葚、虎杖、葡萄、花生 | 抗病毒、抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂和抗癌等多种生物活性 | [56−59] |
| 姜黄素 | 368.37 | 姜黄 | 具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡等效应 | [60] |
| 茶多酚 | 458.372 | 茶叶 | 具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒、缓解炎症、增强上皮细胞屏障等功能 | [61] |
| 儿茶素 | 290.28 | 茶、葡萄、可可、红酒 | 抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗凋亡等方面具有显著作用 | [62] |
| 花青素 | 287.25 | 水果、蔬菜和茶叶以及包括葡萄和苹果 | 具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗过敏、防龋齿、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性 | [63] |
| 槲皮素 | 302.24 | 苹果、葡萄、洋葱坚果 | 具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节等多种生物活性,并在多种疾病中显示出治疗和预防作用 | [64−66] |
| 蛋白质水解物 | α-乳清蛋白 水解物 | − | 哺乳动物的乳汁 | 促进肠道中有益菌如双歧杆菌的生长,并抑制有害菌的生长,从而调节肠道微生物群 | [67] |
| 大豆蛋白水解物 | − | 大豆 | 促进嗜热链球菌和保加利亚杆菌的生长 | [68] |
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