Article(id=1320882117244993836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010135, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852437553, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852437553, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852437553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852437553, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=149, endPage=158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882117458903341, articleId=1320882117244993836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Anti-fatigue Mechanism of Crassostrea gigas Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study comprehensively applied a diverse array of widely targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques to delve into the potential anti-fatigue mechanism of Crassostrea gigas. The aim was to provide a robust theoretical and experimental foundation for the scientific utilization of Crassostrea gigass. Utilizing an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS) system and database, an extensive targeted metabolomics analysis of the simulated digestive products of Crassostrea gigas in vitro was conducted. This analysis aimed to obtain component transformation information during Crassostrea gigas digestion. Network pharmacological analysis of the anti-fatigue properties of Crassostrea gigas active ingredients was carried out using PubChem, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, and Cytoscape software. From this, a network map of "active ingredients-target" for Crassostrea gigas was constructed. Subsequently, the core targets was verified using molecular docking technology. 1231 active ingredients in 17 categories of Crassostrea gigas were identified. Among these, 106 intersection targets with potential anti-fatigue effects were pinpointed, involving 181 key active ingredients, primarily including 1,5-pentenediamine, tryptamine, 4-tert-octylphenol, etc. Core targets included Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Signal pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were pivotal signaling pathways for fatigue resistance in Crassostrea gigas. Molecular docking results further verified the good combination of key active ingredients and core targets of oyster. Crassostrea gigass may exert an anti-fatigue effect through a synergistic action involving multiple components, targets, and pathways. This study offers theoretical support for further exploration of the active components and molecular mechanisms of Crassostrea gigas, paving a solid foundation for subsequent research and application.

, authors=Jia WANG1, 2, 3, Qingxi REN4, Shuangping LIU3, 4, Meiying LI1, *, Jian MAO2, 3, 4, *, authorsList=Jia WANG, Qingxi REN, Shuangping LIU, Meiying LI, Jian MAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Meiying LI, Jian MAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882121296691520, articleId=1320882117244993836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接研究牡蛎抗疲劳作用机制, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究综合运用广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学以及分子对接技术,探究牡蛎在抗疲劳方面的潜在作用机制,为牡蛎的科学应用提供坚实的理论基础和实验依据。采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联三重四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS)系统,并结合数据库对牡蛎体外模拟消化产物进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,获取牡蛎在消化过程中的成分转化信息。利用PubChem、Siwss Target Prediction、GeneCards等数据库及Cytoscape等软件对牡蛎活性成分进行抗疲劳的网络药理学分析,构建牡蛎“活性成分-作用靶点”网络。随后基于分子对接技术对核心靶点进行验证。共鉴定出牡蛎中17类1231种活性成分,识别出具有潜在抗疲劳的活性成分181个、交集靶点106个,主要包括1,5-戊二胺、色胺、4-叔辛基苯酚等,核心靶点包括雌激素受体1(Estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma,PPARG)等。信号通路富集分析显示,钙信号通路、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、PI3K/Akt信号通路等为牡蛎抗疲劳的关键信号通路。分子对接结果进一步验证了牡蛎关键活性成分与核心靶点的良好结合。牡蛎可能通过多成分、多靶点、多通路协同作用发挥抗疲劳效果。本研究为深入探讨牡蛎的有效成分及其分子作用机制提供了理论支撑,为牡蛎的进一步研究和应用奠定了坚实基础。

, authors=王佳1, 2, 3, 任青兮4, 刘双平3, 4, 李美英1, *, 毛健2, 3, 4, *, authorsList=王佳, 任青兮, 刘双平, 李美英, 毛健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李美英, 毛健, authorNote=

王佳(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李美英(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
毛健(1970−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology, 2022, 33(9): 1205−1217.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320882139629994444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Xiaotao, CHEN Yanyan, YUE Shijun, et al. Material basis and mechanism of action of euphorbiae humifusae herba based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental study[J]. 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注:Y、K、W、C代表牡蛎初始、口腔、胃、肠四个消化阶段样本。

, figureFileSmall=jveFr7gEA5ZMnO5V3j+Deg==, figureFileBig=7gYgqG8Q59eBQ62MhTYamA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882126489239927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution map of variation coefficient of Crassostrea gigas digestion samples, figureFileSmall=pQ5bMPKDeRN8WEUWjnb9dw==, figureFileBig=lJCfmR9Z3IzNlulqcHloYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882126573126008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图2, caption=牡蛎消化样本变异系数分布图

注:Y、K、W、C代表牡蛎初始、口腔、胃、肠四个消化阶段样本;QC为质控样本。

, figureFileSmall=pQ5bMPKDeRN8WEUWjnb9dw==, figureFileBig=lJCfmR9Z3IzNlulqcHloYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882126652817785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Crassostrea gigas digestion and release in four stages: Initial phase, oral phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase, figureFileSmall=QLFCv9I32YV63KxFWQ8YOw==, figureFileBig=whAT3HSE89buyTq/UD2+SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882126778646906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图3, caption=初始相、口腔相、胃相和小肠相四个阶段牡蛎消化释放情况, figureFileSmall=QLFCv9I32YV63KxFWQ8YOw==, figureFileBig=whAT3HSE89buyTq/UD2+SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882126854144379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Venn diagram of Crassostrea gigas-fatigue intersection targets, figureFileSmall=mKErXtoD6YKKqdMYOFZJtQ==, figureFileBig=ad1GrRfS1+iZ83vqTfEPFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882126971584892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图4, caption=牡蛎-疲劳交集靶点Venn图, figureFileSmall=mKErXtoD6YKKqdMYOFZJtQ==, figureFileBig=ad1GrRfS1+iZ83vqTfEPFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127068053885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption="Active ingredients-targets" network diagram, figureFileSmall=mSvluc4CwX8KqbESLanz2Q==, figureFileBig=CEpNGAN3332x8GzSE8Tu9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127172911486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图5, caption=“活性成分-作用靶点”网络图, figureFileSmall=mSvluc4CwX8KqbESLanz2Q==, figureFileBig=CEpNGAN3332x8GzSE8Tu9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127244214655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Protein interaction network (left) and core target (right), figureFileSmall=pZn+kZVd6PIoGode322z1g==, figureFileBig=RTCWJmGCVjxfXdQPYVJXyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127328100736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图6, caption=蛋白相互作用网络图(左)及核心靶点图(右), figureFileSmall=pZn+kZVd6PIoGode322z1g==, figureFileBig=RTCWJmGCVjxfXdQPYVJXyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127403598209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=GO enrichment analysis diagram, figureFileSmall=aMqXd++xEYoKDGez7+oViw==, figureFileBig=6UGSFsQWec0ssHqGSj6dMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127462318466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图7, caption=GO富集分析图, figureFileSmall=aMqXd++xEYoKDGez7+oViw==, figureFileBig=6UGSFsQWec0ssHqGSj6dMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127554593155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=KEGG signal pathway enrichment map, figureFileSmall=gpYPV/g/kFEKGN/7YkCJGA==, figureFileBig=NFdosVtPL0JkiSRGGlKFWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882127646867844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图8, caption=KEGG信号通路富集图, figureFileSmall=gpYPV/g/kFEKGN/7YkCJGA==, figureFileBig=NFdosVtPL0JkiSRGGlKFWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882129320395141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Molecular docking diagram of key active ingredient and core target protein, figureFileSmall=jmgWWs/BvvTJD0ko3joD+A==, figureFileBig=uQDEoTfU3bTqfKEmjo72ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882129442029958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=图9, caption=关键活性成分与核心靶点蛋白的分子对接图

注:a、b、c分别代表4-叔辛基苯酚、去甲肾上腺素、辛弗林与PTGS2的分子对接情况;d为1,5-戊二胺与ESR1的分子对接情况;毛刷状表示与配体发生的疏水作用,绿色虚线代表与配体结合产生的氢键。

, figureFileSmall=jmgWWs/BvvTJD0ko3joD+A==, figureFileBig=uQDEoTfU3bTqfKEmjo72ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882129681105287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Molecular docking binding energy of some key active components of Crassostrea gigas and core targets in PPI network (kcal/mol)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
活性成分EGFRESR1PPARGPTGS2SRC
4-叔辛基苯酚−5.62−7.54−6.77−7.66−7.38
1,5-戊二胺−4.1−4.48−3.77−4.46−4.07
去甲肾上腺素−6.0−6.84−5.80−6.90−5.79
辛弗林−5.60−6.41−5.57−6.59−6.21
色胺−6.02−6.52−6.11−6.90−6.41
), ArticleFig(id=1320882129752408456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882117244993836, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

牡蛎部分关键活性成分与PPI网络中核心靶点的分子对接结合能( kcal/mol)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
活性成分EGFRESR1PPARGPTGS2SRC
4-叔辛基苯酚−5.62−7.54−6.77−7.66−7.38
1,5-戊二胺−4.1−4.48−3.77−4.46−4.07
去甲肾上腺素−6.0−6.84−5.80−6.90−5.79
辛弗林−5.60−6.41−5.57−6.59−6.21
色胺−6.02−6.52−6.11−6.90−6.41
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基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接研究牡蛎抗疲劳作用机制
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王佳 1, 2, 3 , 任青兮 4 , 刘双平 3, 4 , 李美英 1, * , 毛健 2, 3, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(1): 149-158
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (1) : 149 -158
基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接研究牡蛎抗疲劳作用机制
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王佳1, 2, 3 , 任青兮4, 刘双平3, 4, 李美英1, * , 毛健2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642
  • 2南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州 511458
  • 3海洋生物资源高值化利用与装备开发广东省工程研究中心,广东广州 511458
  • 4江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
通讯作者:
李美英(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
毛健(1970−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王佳(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:

Anti-fatigue Mechanism of Crassostrea gigas Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Jia WANG1, 2, 3 , Qingxi REN4, Shuangping LIU3, 4, Meiying LI1, * , Jian MAO2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 2Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
  • 3Guangdong Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization and Equipment Development of Marine Biological Resources, Guangzhou 511458, China
  • 4College of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010135
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本研究综合运用广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学以及分子对接技术,探究牡蛎在抗疲劳方面的潜在作用机制,为牡蛎的科学应用提供坚实的理论基础和实验依据。采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联三重四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS)系统,并结合数据库对牡蛎体外模拟消化产物进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析,获取牡蛎在消化过程中的成分转化信息。利用PubChem、Siwss Target Prediction、GeneCards等数据库及Cytoscape等软件对牡蛎活性成分进行抗疲劳的网络药理学分析,构建牡蛎“活性成分-作用靶点”网络。随后基于分子对接技术对核心靶点进行验证。共鉴定出牡蛎中17类1231种活性成分,识别出具有潜在抗疲劳的活性成分181个、交集靶点106个,主要包括1,5-戊二胺、色胺、4-叔辛基苯酚等,核心靶点包括雌激素受体1(Estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma,PPARG)等。信号通路富集分析显示,钙信号通路、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、PI3K/Akt信号通路等为牡蛎抗疲劳的关键信号通路。分子对接结果进一步验证了牡蛎关键活性成分与核心靶点的良好结合。牡蛎可能通过多成分、多靶点、多通路协同作用发挥抗疲劳效果。本研究为深入探讨牡蛎的有效成分及其分子作用机制提供了理论支撑,为牡蛎的进一步研究和应用奠定了坚实基础。

牡蛎  /  抗疲劳  /  广泛靶向代谢组学  /  网路药理学  /  分子对接

This study comprehensively applied a diverse array of widely targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques to delve into the potential anti-fatigue mechanism of Crassostrea gigas. The aim was to provide a robust theoretical and experimental foundation for the scientific utilization of Crassostrea gigass. Utilizing an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS) system and database, an extensive targeted metabolomics analysis of the simulated digestive products of Crassostrea gigas in vitro was conducted. This analysis aimed to obtain component transformation information during Crassostrea gigas digestion. Network pharmacological analysis of the anti-fatigue properties of Crassostrea gigas active ingredients was carried out using PubChem, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, and Cytoscape software. From this, a network map of "active ingredients-target" for Crassostrea gigas was constructed. Subsequently, the core targets was verified using molecular docking technology. 1231 active ingredients in 17 categories of Crassostrea gigas were identified. Among these, 106 intersection targets with potential anti-fatigue effects were pinpointed, involving 181 key active ingredients, primarily including 1,5-pentenediamine, tryptamine, 4-tert-octylphenol, etc. Core targets included Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Signal pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were pivotal signaling pathways for fatigue resistance in Crassostrea gigas. Molecular docking results further verified the good combination of key active ingredients and core targets of oyster. Crassostrea gigass may exert an anti-fatigue effect through a synergistic action involving multiple components, targets, and pathways. This study offers theoretical support for further exploration of the active components and molecular mechanisms of Crassostrea gigas, paving a solid foundation for subsequent research and application.

Crassostrea gigas  /  anti-fatigue  /  widely targeted metabolomics  /  network pharmacology  /  molecular docking
王佳, 任青兮, 刘双平, 李美英, 毛健. 基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接研究牡蛎抗疲劳作用机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 149 -158 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010135
Jia WANG, Qingxi REN, Shuangping LIU, Meiying LI, Jian MAO. Anti-fatigue Mechanism of Crassostrea gigas Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 149 -158 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010135
疲劳是一种普遍存在的生理现象,是一个复杂的生理生化过程[1],国际运动生物化学会在1982年将疲劳定义为“机体生理过程不能持续其机能在一特定水平上和/或不能维持特定的运动强度”[2]。依据其成因与表现形式,疲劳被细分为体力疲劳、脑力疲劳、心理疲劳及病理疲劳四大类[3]。其中体力疲劳最为普遍[4]。诸多研究表明,疲劳状态不仅显著影响个体的情绪状态,诱发焦虑与抑郁情绪,还与认知功能、睡眠质量、身体机能和能量代谢平衡紧密相关[5]。在严重的情况下,持续的疲劳状态可能会扰乱生物调节机制,削弱免疫系统功能,进而增加罹患多种疾病的风险[6]。长期积累的疲劳更是被视为加速衰老进程、促进抑郁发展、诱发癌症、多发性硬化症及帕金森病等多种严重健康问题的关键因素,严重妨碍了患者的日常生活质量和工作能力[7]。此外,疲劳不仅作为一种独立的健康问题存在,同时也是多种慢性疾病如糖尿病、贫血、肝病的典型症状之一[8]。由此可见,疲劳已成为威胁人类健康的重大问题之一,快速缓解疲劳具有重要的研究意义[9]。
目前,对于疲劳的治疗尚无官方统一建议。然而,在临床或实验中,一些治疗疲劳相关症状的中枢兴奋剂类药物包括莫达非尼和哌醋甲酯等已得到应用[10]。市售的抗疲劳功能产品主要分为三大类,其一是以西洋参、红景天、冬虫夏草等名贵中药材精制而成的抗疲劳保健品,此类产品因原料珍贵,故而成本高昂,售价不菲;其二是以生物活性肽为主要原料,再配伍其他中药材和营养物质的抗疲劳保健品,旨在通过多元成分协同作用提升抗疲劳效果;其三是运动饮料,主要成分包括一些能量补给物质、维生素、氨基酸等,此类产品因成分相对普及,价格较为亲民,易于为消费者所接受[1]。然而,上述不同类型的抗疲劳产品在实际应用中均显现出一定的局限性,未能全面满足消费者对于长效、安全、经济抗疲劳解决方案的需求。食源性抗疲劳倡导将抗疲劳理念融入到日常饮食之中,借助长期且稳定的饮食调节作用,从根源上增强机体抵御疲劳的能力,进而让身体始终维持在良好的状态,达成健康且长效缓解疲劳的目标,为人们的健康生活提供有力保障。
牡蛎(俗称蚝)肉质鲜嫩、营养丰沛,因极高营养价值获“海洋牛奶”美称,广泛分布于全球沿海,其分布广、生长迅速、资源丰裕,是重要的海洋生物资源。牡蛎不仅含有丰富的蛋白质、牛磺酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多糖以及微量元素锌等多种营养成分,其蛋白酶解产物、多肽类物质、特定氨基酸(例如牛磺酸)、糖原、微量元素锌以及硒等展现出显著的抗疲劳效果。经过多项研究证实,近江牡蛎水解物、糖原以及牡蛎产品,均能有效抗疲劳、增强免疫力[11−13]。牡蛎作为一种重要的食源性抗疲劳资源,在消化过程中释放出大量功能活性成分,为人类提供了一种天然、高效且安全的抗疲劳选择,然而,牡蛎中关键的抗疲劳成分、作用靶点以及所涉及的通路尚不明确,制约了更具针对性和显著功效产品的开发。网络药理学能探索活性成分与疾病间的相关性,预测物质的活性成分及其作用机制,同时,分子对接能够基于物质结构预测潜在的配体-蛋白质结合,为疾病作用机制的研究、新产品的研发奠定基础[14−15]。因此,本研究采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联三重四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS)系统对牡蛎消化产物进行广泛靶向代谢组学鉴定,并结合网络药理学和分子对接技术,探究牡蛎抗疲劳的核心成分、靶点及通路,揭示牡蛎抗疲劳的潜在作用机制,识别机制明确的抗疲劳活性成分,为以牡蛎为代表的海洋生物资源的高效利用以及新型抗疲劳保健产品的开发提供科学依据和研究思路。
太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas) 山东省威海市;甲醇、乙腈、甲酸 色谱纯,上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;2-氯苯丙氨酸、棕榈酰肉碱-d3、13C-辛酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱-d31、苯甲酸d5、胆酸-[D4]、2-氯苯丙氨酸、D5-色氨酸 云南西力生物技术股份有限公司;α-淀粉酶(50 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(250 U/mg)、胰酶(200 U/mg) Sigma公司;胆盐 Merck公司;碳酸氢钠、氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钠 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
DSHZ-300A水浴恒温振荡器 太仓市强文实验设备有限公司;CR22N冷冻离心机 日本Hitachi公司;RE-52AA旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;ExionLC™ AD超高效液相色谱(Ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)、Applied Biosystems 4500 QTRAP串联质谱(Tandem mass spectrometry,MS/MS) 新加坡ABSCIEX公司;ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱(1.8 µm,2.1 mm×100 mm) 上海沃特世科技有限公司。
参考魏润霞等[16]的方法稍作修改。新鲜牡蛎去壳后,清洗牡蛎肉,固液比1:3(g:mL)加入蒸馏水,组织破碎匀浆机破碎匀浆5 min,50 ℃水浴1 h,用200目纱布过滤,取滤液,得水提液。水提液经过40 ℃旋转蒸发浓缩后真空冷冻干燥,最终制成牡蛎水提物冻干粉,储存于−20 ℃备用。
将牡蛎水提物冻干粉模拟体外胃肠道消化,分为初始、口腔消化、胃消化、肠消化4个阶段,每个消化阶段共设置三组平行。参考INFOGEST 2.0[17]的方法配制模拟胃肠道消化液,具体操作如下:每组称取2 g牡蛎水提物冻干粉,与模拟唾液(75 U/mL唾液淀粉酶)以1:1(w/v)的比例混合,调节pH为7,在37 ℃水浴振荡消化2 min,然后沸水浴10 min灭酶,取口腔消化后的平行样于−80 ℃冰箱保存备用,剩余样品接着进行模拟胃消化。将口腔消化物与模拟胃液(2000 U/mL胃蛋白酶和60 U/mL脂肪酶)以1:1(vol/vol)的最终比例混合,调节pH为3,在37 ℃水浴振荡消化2 h,沸水浴10 min灭酶,取出胃消化后平行样保存于−80 ℃冰箱备用。最后进行模拟小肠消化,将胃消化物与模拟肠液(10 mmol/L胆盐和100 U/mL胰蛋白酶)以1:1(vol/vol)的比例混合,调节pH为7,在37 ℃水浴振荡消化2 h,然后沸水浴10 min灭酶,得到小肠消化样品,于−80 ℃冰箱保存备用。
样品的前处理参照Wang等[18]描述的方法,使用真空冷冻干燥机对消化后的样品进行冷冻干燥,称量冻干样本20 mg到对应编号离心管中,加入400 μL 70%甲醇与混合内标提取液(2-氯苯丙氨酸、棕榈酰肉碱-d3、13C-辛酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱-d31、苯甲酸d5、胆酸-[D4]、2-氯苯丙氨酸、D5-色氨酸),涡旋3 min,冰水浴超声(30 kHz,10 min),取出样本继续涡旋1 min,−20 ℃冰箱中静置30 min;4 ℃、12000×g离心10 min移取上清液300 μL到另一离心管中,在4 ℃、12000×g再离心3 min,移取上清液200 μL过0.22 μm水系滤膜,使用液相色谱-质谱联用仪进行分析。
色谱柱Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18(1.8 μm,2.1 mm×100 mm),流动相A为超纯水(0.1%甲酸),流动相B为乙腈(0.1%甲酸),洗脱梯度:0 min,95%A;2.0 min,80%A;5.0 min,40%A;6.0 min,1%A;7.5 min,1%A;7.6 min,95%A;10.0 min,95%A。电离参数:离子化电压5500~4500 V,去簇电压±100 V,气帘气压力25 psi,离子源气体1压力55 psi,离子源气体2压力60 psi。
广靶检测的定性定量使用sMRM(Scheduled multiple reaction monitoring,分段多反应监测技术)进行,是基于目标代谢物的特定母离子和子离子对,在预设保留时间的可变窗口内进行扫描,采集符合目标离子规则的信号。根据特定母离子/子离子对和保留时间对目标代谢物定性,采集符合规则的信号丰度即为定量。代谢物定量是利用三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式(MRM)分析完成。在MRM模式中,第一重四极杆首先筛选目标物质的前体离子(母离子),排除掉其他物质对应的前体离子以初步排除干扰;前体离子在第二重四极杆中经碰撞诱导电离后被打碎,并依据物质自身的结构特征断裂形成一系列该物质特有的碎片离子,碎片离子再通过第三重四极杆过滤选择出一个典型的特征碎片离子,排除非目标离子的干扰,使定量更为精确,重复性更好,在获得不同样本的液质下机数据后,对所有代谢物的提取离子色谱峰分别进行峰下面积积分,并对其中同一代谢物在不同样本中的质谱出峰进行积分校正,每个色谱峰的峰面积代表对应物质的相对含量。
利用广泛靶向代谢组学方法对胃肠道消化后的代谢物进行鉴定,获得的化合物通过PubChem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)数据库检索其Canonical SMILES号并上传至Swiss ADME(http://www.swissadme.ch/)平台进行活性化合物筛选,筛选标准为GI absorption(胃肠道吸收)为“high”,Ghose、Lipinski、Egan、Veber、Muegge结果中满足3个及以上为“yes”即可判定该成分有活性,将潜在活性成分的SMILES号依次导入Swiss Target Prediction平台(http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/)获取作用靶点,筛选可能性大于0.2(probability>0.2)的靶点,合并去重,得到活性成分靶点[19−20]。以“fatigue”、“anti-fatigue”为关键词,获取疲劳相关的靶点,采用Drugbank(https://go.drugbank.com/)、OMIM(https://omim.org/)、TTD(https://db.idrblab.net/ttd/)和GeneCards(https://www.genecards.org/)数据库获得疲劳相关靶点。将活性成分与疲劳靶点取交集,作为潜在作用靶点,并利用Venny 2.1.0(https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/)进行可视化。
基于牡蛎活性成分和抗疲劳作用靶点筛选结果,将其与化学成分一一对应,去除重复项,导入Cytoscape3.7.1软件中进行可视化操作,展现活性成分与作用靶点之间的联系,生成相互作用网络图。
通过String数据库(https://cn.string-db.org/)建立潜在作用靶点的蛋白质互作网络,选择物种为“Homo sapiens”,设置minimum required interaction score为0.4,隐藏无连接的节点,更新PPI,获得疲劳相关蛋白的互作网络,将其导入Cytoscape3.7.1软件中,以Closeness(紧密度)、Betweenness(介度)、Degree(连接度)为筛选条件得到核心靶点[21−22]。然后对数据进行可视化操作。
将交集靶点输入到Metascape(https://metascape.org/gp/index.html)数据平台进行基因本体论(Gene ontology,GO)生物学功能分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,种属参数设置为人类“Homo species”。选择生物过程(Biological processes,BP)、细胞组成(Cell components,CC)、分子功能(Molecular function,MF)P值较小的前10个结果,利用微生信(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)平台进行可视化操作[23−24]。
通过PPI网络图获得排名前5的核心靶点蛋白,在RCSB PDB数据库(http://www.rcsb.org/)下载核心靶点蛋白的PDB格式文件,作为分子对接的受体。通过牡蛎“活性成分-作用靶点”网络图获取排名前5的牡蛎关键活性成分,在PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)下载关键活性成分的SDF文件,使用Open Babel GUI软件将化合物转换为mol2格式,作为分子对接的配体。采用AutoDock Tools软件,将Degree值排名前5位的活性成分与排名前5位的核心靶点构建分子对接模型,采用Autodock Vina软件评估二者间的结合潜力,最后利用Pymol 2.6和LigPlot 2.2软件进行可视化处理[25]。
所有实验重复三次,实验结果以平均值±标准差表示,采用Excel 2021及软件Analyst 1.6.3进行数据统计和处理质谱数据,用MultiQuant软件进行色谱峰的积分和校正工作,使用软件Origin 2021进行绘图。
运用UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS技术剖析牡蛎消化产物,图1展示了牡蛎消化样本的正、负总离子流图(Total ions chromatogram,TIC),借助Analyst 1.6.3软件处理总离子流数据,正、负离子模式下均实现了良好的分离效果与离子化效率;图2呈现所有样本的变异系数(Coefficient of variation,CV)分布情况,结果显示各样本中CV值小于0.3的物质占比均超85%,证实实验数据稳定性良好。因此,可以结合正、负总离子模式对牡蛎消化产物中的成分进行鉴定分析。
牡蛎是优质的海洋水产品,其提取物或酶解产物通常含有丰富的蛋白质类成分,同时也含有丰富的功能活性肽、活性多糖和矿物质锌元素等多种功能成分,且氨基酸种类齐全[26−27]。为了全面了解牡蛎消化代谢特征,进行了基于超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联三重四级杆/线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS)的广泛靶向代谢组学方法分析初始相、口腔相、胃相和小肠相四个阶段牡蛎消化释放情况,这是首次对牡蛎消化产物成分进行全面的检测鉴定,结果如图3所示。
从4个消化阶段中共检测到1231个代谢物,Ⅰ级分类共分为17类,分别是氨基酸及其代谢物(409,33.23%)、脂肪酰类(162,13.16%)、有机酸及其衍生物(143,11.62%)、核苷酸及其代谢物(96,7.8%)、苯及其衍生物(83,6.74%)、甘油磷脂类(75,6.09%)、杂环化合物(62,5.04%)、碳水化合物及其代谢物(60,4.87%)、醇、胺类(44,3.57%)、醛、酮、酯类(22,1.79%)、辅酶和维生素(17,1.38%)、其他(16,1.3%)、胆汁酸(15,1.22%)、激素及激素相关物质(15,1.22%)、甘油脂类(5,0.41%)、鞘脂类(4,0.32%)、色胺、胆碱、色素(3,0.24%)共17类,各代谢物种类的占比情况如图3a所示。随着消化阶段的进行,代谢物的数量逐级增加(图3b)。其中,在四个阶段鉴定的代谢物中,氨基酸及其代谢物的成分最丰富,在肠期达到405种化合物,牡蛎中含有丰富的蛋白质,在到达胃消化时,与胃蛋白酶通过酶解反应将大分子水解为小分子,小分子量多肽得到释放,代谢物成分变多。此外,脂肪酰类位于第二。除胃中的脂肪酶会把脂肪分解为部分游离脂肪酸外,有研究指出[28],油脂和富含脂质的食品极易在胃肠道消化过程中发生氧化反应,通过氧化反应产生一系列初级和次级氧化产物,这与其富含血红素、羟高铁血红素、肌红蛋白、Fe2+等促氧化物质密切相关[29−31]。
虽然在4个消化阶段都检测到了相同的17类物质,但不同阶段代谢物含量存在差异,在口腔消化阶段(如图3d),含量靠前是氨基酸及其代谢物、核苷酸及其代谢物。在胃消化阶段(图3e),含量靠前的是氨基酸及其代谢物、甘油磷脂类。在肠消化阶段(图3f),胆汁酸的含量急剧上升,这跟肠阶段补充的胆盐有关。从图中可以看出随着消化阶段的推进,氨基酸及其代谢物的含量呈现上升趋势,且在各组分中占比居首。研究证实,牡蛎蛋白在胃模拟消化阶段主要被降解为小分子肽段;进入肠道模拟消化阶段后,经胰酶作用,这些肽进一步水解为游离氨基酸[32]。相较于胃模拟消化,肠道模拟消化的水解程度增幅更为显著,这一差异可归因于消化酶作用机制的不同:胃蛋白酶主要作用于与疏水性氨基酸相邻的芳香族氨基酸肽键,而胰酶则主要切割氨基酸羧基端的肽链,后者更多的切割位点促使蛋白质分解更为彻底,然后由于胃蛋白酶和胰酶消化系统中蛋白质底物和酶裂解位点减少而缓慢增加并稳定[33−34]。研究表明,样品水解程度与游离氨基酸含量呈正相关,即水解程度越高,游离氨基酸含量越高[35]。从营养学角度而言,蛋白质水解产物中的游离氨基酸和短链生物活性肽在人体营养吸收过程中具有重要作用[36]。
牡蛎消化产物经过UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS鉴定共获得1231个代谢成分,通过Swiss ADME识别满足高胃肠道吸收和适当的药物相似性化合物共有717个,将其SMILES号输入至Swiss Target Prediction进行靶点预测,去掉重复项,共计获得242个牡蛎活性成分潜在作用靶点。由GeneCards、OMIM、TTD及DrugBank数据库检索与疲劳相关的靶点信息,在完成数据合并及去重处理后,共获得2201个靶点数据。随后,将筛选出的牡蛎活性成分靶点与疲劳靶点取交集,最终确定106个共同靶点,这些靶点被预测为牡蛎发挥抗疲劳功效的潜在作用靶点,相关结果展示于图4。
经上述数据筛选流程,将获得的106个牡蛎抗疲劳潜在基因靶点与抗疲劳活性成分相映射。筛选后的靶点与活性成分数据导入Cytoscape 3.7.1软件进行可视化分析,搭建由181个牡蛎活性成分与106个潜在作用靶点组成的“活性成分-作用靶点”网络图,可直观展示牡蛎活性成分与疲劳相关靶点的相互关系,结果如图5所示。
图中共包含300个节点、590条边,圆形节点代表物质种类,正六边形节点代表物质成分,菱形节点代表潜在的抗疲劳靶点。以节点大小表示Degree值大小,连接度越高的靶点在抗疲劳中的作用越大。由图可知,共涉及181个活性成分,Ⅰ级分类分为13类,主要包括氨基酸及其代谢物(73)、脂肪酰类(33)、苯及其衍生物(21)、胆汁酸(13)、有机酸及其衍生物(9)、核苷酸及其代谢物(8)、激素及其相关物质(8)、醇、胺类(4)、其他类(3)、醛、酮、酯类(3)、杂环化合物(3)、甘油脂类(2)、色胺、胆碱、色素(1)。其中,与核心靶点关联度最多的物质种类主要是脂肪酰类和氨基酸及其代谢物类,Degree值排名靠前的成分主要有1,5-戊二胺、色胺、4-叔辛基苯酚、辛弗林、去甲肾上腺素、1,3-二氨基丙烷、顺-1-十五烯酸、甘氨石胆酸、4-香豆酸、苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸-亮氨酸等,这些可能是牡蛎发挥抗疲劳作用的关键活性物质。图5中SRC原癌基因-非受体酪氨酸激酶(SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase,SRC)、表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、前列腺素氧化环化酶2(Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,PTGS2)等61个靶点均与这10种核心成分相关,说明牡蛎通过多种成分、多个靶点共同发挥抗疲劳作用。
基于STRING数据库构建106个交集靶点的蛋白质互作网络(见图6左),该网络由105个节点及999条边组成,平均节点读数19,对PPI网络进行进一步拓扑分析,将连接度、介度和紧密度三者均大于阈值的节点列为核心作用靶点,经筛选得到25个核心靶点,结果如图所示(图6右)。
依据颜色越红,圈越大,连接度越高的靶点在抗疲劳中的作用越大,推测SRC原癌基因-非受体酪氨酸激酶(SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase,SRC)、雌激素受体1(Estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma,PPARG)、前列腺素氧化环化酶2(Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,PTGS2)等排名靠前的核心靶点可能为牡蛎抗疲劳的关键靶点。
根据GO富集分析结果,共获得1513个GO条目(P<0.05),其中涵盖1268个生物过程条目、89个细胞组成条目及156个分子功能条目。随后,对这三个类别的分析结果依据P值升序排列,排序前10的生物过程有循环系统过程、血液循环、循环系统中的血管过程、管径调节、血管直径维持、系统流程调节、调控MAPK级联、正向调控MAPK级联、对外来刺激的反应等;排序前10的细胞组成主要富集在树突、突触膜、受体复合、突触前膜、膜筏、膜微区、突触后膜、胞体等;排序前10的分子功能包括G蛋白偶联胺受体活性、神经递质受体活性、胺绑定、5-羟色胺绑定、G蛋白偶联血清素受体活性、蛋白激酶活性、蛋白激酶结合、激酶活性、蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性等,结果如图7所示。
对交集靶点开展KEGG通路富集分析,共得到167条信号通路,通过设定P-value<0.01和基因数>9的筛选标准,选择了10条与疲劳相关的信号通路,颜色越红表明富集的程度越高,其富集分析结果可视化展示于图8。
结果显示,富集的通路包括钙信号通路、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、cAMP信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、雌激素信号通路、EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药相关通路、Rap1信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路以及MAPK信号通路。说明牡蛎的主要活性成分作用靶点广泛分布于多个信号通路,多成分、多靶点、多通路相互调节是牡蛎抗疲劳的可能作用机制。其中,钙离子(Ca2+)作为第二信使分子,通过诱导肌原纤维蛋白构象重排调控肌肉收缩过程,其浓度稳态对维持肌细胞兴奋-收缩耦联具有关键作用,当胞质Ca2+稳态失衡时,会导致肌浆网钙释放功能障碍,进而引发肌肉收缩无力及代谢性疲劳。线粒体作为细胞能荷调控中枢,其基质Ca2+浓度在运动刺激下呈现显著性升高,这种浓度变化对细胞代谢和能量供应起着重要的调节作用[37]。但过量Ca2+内流会导致线粒体膜电位降低,引发膜电位崩溃,伴随ROS爆发和线粒体DNA损伤,因此,Ca2+信号的调控对于维持运动状态下的细胞能量稳态具有重要意义[38]。神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路涉及神经递质的释放和转运,在生理上与神经功能相关,其中包括多巴胺受体、5-HT受体等皆与中枢疲劳密切相关[39]。PI3K/Akt信号通路与葡萄糖代谢密切相关,对于调控细胞能量代谢至关重要,且受胰岛素、生长因子、能量缺乏、缺氧微环境等多维度调控。赵文瑾[40]的研究表明,芫根多糖能够激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,调节能量代谢,缓解运动疲劳导致的氧化应激损伤,从而发挥抗疲劳作用。MAPK信号通路在维持机体氧化-抗氧化动态平衡中发挥重要作用[41]。有研究指出,姜黄素可通过调控MAPK通路,减轻过度训练所致的骨骼肌氧化应激损伤,从而改善大鼠运动疲劳状态[42]。
在PPI网络中,连接度值排名前5的核心靶蛋白为SRC、ESR1、EGFR、PPARG和PTGS2,将其与网络中度值筛选排名前5的活性成分(1,5-戊二胺、色胺、4-叔辛基苯酚、辛弗林、去甲肾上腺素)进行分子对接,通过分子对接可以验证上述网络药理分析结果的可靠性。一般认为当结合能呈现负值时,意味着该化合物能够自发地与蛋白质发生结合,而且,结合能的数值越低,化合物自发结合的可能性就越高[43]。如表1所示,大部分对接结果的结合能小于−4.0 kcal/mol,表明牡蛎中筛选的活性成分与获得的抗疲劳潜在靶标有较强的亲和能力[44]。因此,进一步选择结合能较小的探究活性成分与受体的作用力及其活性位点,结果如图9所示。
如图9所示,4-叔辛基苯酚(4-tert-Octylphenol)与PTGS2的Met522形成1个氢键,与13个残基产生疏水相互作用,这些残基包括Val523、Tyr348、Ala527、Gly526、Phe529、Leu531、Val349、Tyr385、Val344、Phe205、Phe381、Phe209、Leu534。去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine)与PTGS2于Ala199、Gln203、His207形成氢键,与残基Ala202、Tyr385、Thr206、Leu390、Leu391形成疏水作用。辛弗林(Synephrine)与PTGS2于Thr206、Tyr385形成氢键,Asn382、His386、His207、Gln203、Ala202、Ala199、Leu390 7个残基围绕在Synephrine周围,与其形成疏水作用。1,5-戊二胺(Cadaverine)与ESR1于Glu385、Ser518、Ser381、Ser456、Thr460形成氢键,与残基Arg515、Asn519、His516、Gly457产生疏水相互作用。以上结果表明,牡蛎活性成分与抗疲劳的关键作用靶点结合较好。
本研究采用广泛靶向代谢组学方法,首次对牡蛎消化产物的化学成分进行了全面鉴定。在初始相、口腔相、胃相和肠相共鉴定出了1231个代谢物,涵盖17个类别:氨基酸及其代谢物(409个)、脂肪酰类(162个)、有机酸及其衍生物(143个)、核苷酸及其代谢物(96个)、苯及其衍生物(83个)、甘油磷脂类(75个)、杂环化合物(62个)、碳水化合物及其代谢物(60个)、醇、胺类(44个)、醛、酮、酯类(22个)、辅酶和维生素(17个)、其他(16个)、胆汁酸(15个)、激素及激素相关物质(15个)、甘油脂类(5个)、鞘脂类(4个)以及色胺、胆碱、色素(3个)。进一步借助网络药理学分析,筛选出具有潜在抗疲劳的活性成分181个、交集靶点106个,主要包括1,5-戊二胺、色胺、4-叔辛基苯酚、辛弗林、去甲肾上腺素等,共涉及13类物质,其中以脂肪酰和氨基酸及其代谢物占主导,潜在核心靶点包括SRC、ESR1、EGFR、PPARG、PTGS2等,参与的信号通路包括钙信号通路、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、PI3K/Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、cAMP信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路、雌激素信号通路等。最后通过利用分子对接技术对牡蛎的关键活性成分与核心靶点进行对接验证,结果显示这些牡蛎活性成分与抗疲劳的关键作用靶点结合较好。但上述预测结果尚未通过体内及分子水平的验证,后续研究需要体内实验进一步完善。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010135
  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14
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    1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642
    2南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州 511458
    3海洋生物资源高值化利用与装备开发广东省工程研究中心,广东广州 511458
    4江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122

通讯作者:

李美英(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
毛健(1970−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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