Article(id=1320882284991991902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852477547, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852477547, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852477547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852477547, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=289, endPage=299, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882285864407135, articleId=1320882284991991902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Corn Protein, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this work, bioactive peptides with inhibitory effect on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were prepared from corn protein meal. The protease with the best inhibitory effect on DPP-IV was selected by enzymatic preparation technique, and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined by single factor and response surface optimization experiments. The molecular weight distribution, ultrafiltration classification and amino acid composition of the obtained inhibitory peptides were further analyzed. The results showed that the neutral protease had the best effect on the preparation of DPP-IV inhibitory peptide from corn protein source. The optimal enzymolysis conditions were substrate concentration of 10% (w/v), enzyme dosage of 640 U/g, enzymolysis time of 157 min, enzymolysis temperature of 45 ℃ and enzymolysis pH of 7.0. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of DPP-IV for the inhibitory peptide obtained under this condition was 0.53±0.06 mg/mL. After ultrafiltration, the molecular weight of components less than 1 kDa accounted for 58.9% of the original inhibitory peptide, and the inhibitory activity against DPP-IV was higher than that of the original inhibitory peptide, which was related to its amino acid composition. The results of enzymatic reaction kinetics showed that the inhibition type of DPP-IV was competitive and reversible. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of DPP-IV inhibitory peptide from corn protein source, and suggest a new idea for the high-value utilization of corn protein.

, authors=Li TAO1, Juntong WANG1, 2, Guanlong LI3, Caixia JIANG4, Xiqun ZHENG1, 2, 3, *, Xiaolan LIU3, *, authorsList=Li TAO, Juntong WANG, Guanlong LI, Caixia JIANG, Xiqun ZHENG, Xiaolan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiqun ZHENG, Xiaolan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882295167373432, articleId=1320882284991991902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的酶法制备及其性质研究, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文以玉米蛋白粉为原料制备对二肽基肽酶(Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV,DPP-IV)具有抑制作用的生物活性肽。采用酶法制备技术筛选出对DPP-IV抑制效果最佳的蛋白酶,通过单因素及响应面优化试验确定最佳酶解条件,并进一步对制得的抑制肽进行分子量分布、超滤分级及氨基酸组成等分析。结果表明:中性蛋白酶制备玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的效果最佳,工艺优化得到的最佳酶解条件为底物浓度10%(w/v)、酶添加量640 U/g、酶解时间157 min、酶解温度45 ℃、酶解pH7.0。该条件下得到的抑制肽对DPP-IV的半抑制浓度(Half-inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为0.53±0.06 mg/mL。超滤分级后小于1 kDa组分分子量占原抑制肽的58.9%,对DPP-IV的抑制活性高于原抑制肽,这与其氨基酸组成有关。酶促反应动力学分析结果表明制备的抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制类型属于竞争性可逆抑制。本研究结果为玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的开发利用提供了理论依据,为玉米蛋白的高值化利用提供新思路。

, authors=陶莉1, 王俊彤1, 2, 李冠龙3, 姜彩霞4, 郑喜群1, 2, 3, *, 刘晓兰3, *, authorsList=陶莉, 王俊彤, 李冠龙, 姜彩霞, 郑喜群, 刘晓兰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑喜群, 刘晓兰, authorNote=

陶莉(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑喜群(1963−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
刘晓兰(1962−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=PjTynPiAA8XW2Wm110K5Ng==, magXml=YEvkgGgTjdtM8tX1qXW18w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PW2IKlUf1liLs+ElGCYBjg==, pdfFileSize=2687950, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vXPj6Ba0kWpl8E45CSNmwQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OqRv6L7B4oAIFGW5uyoHPQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882299000967303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18345958635@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882299269402761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, authorId=1320882299000967303, language=EN, stringName=Li TAO, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=TAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320882299672055946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, authorId=1320882299000967303, language=CN, stringName=陶莉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319, bio={"content":"

陶莉(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:

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陶莉(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:

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注:图中字母表示同组柱状图之间的差异显著性,不同组间的字母不通用。不同小写字母代表组间差异显著(P<0.05),图3~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=wWA4u1UFXs7tADSMnW8OQA==, figureFileBig=HWAMih2i8asPavsG8iI8Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882310153621688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of enzyme dosage on the content of soluble protein, DPP-IV inhibition rate and DH of inhibitory peptides, figureFileSmall=utt6+gOiY6SkTn0YoT4ShQ==, figureFileBig=/6zS1+47gy67cLsqeUtgWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882310233313465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酶添加量对玉米蛋白抑制肽可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=utt6+gOiY6SkTn0YoT4ShQ==, figureFileBig=/6zS1+47gy67cLsqeUtgWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882310304616634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis time on the content of soluble protein, DPP-IV inhibition rate and DH of inhibitory peptides, figureFileSmall=fXAf6M1iO0cw6WaVq4DL3w==, figureFileBig=B/tcyqWCwWyaTXeTIaClhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882311969755323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图4, caption=酶解时间对玉米蛋白抑制肽可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=fXAf6M1iO0cw6WaVq4DL3w==, figureFileBig=B/tcyqWCwWyaTXeTIaClhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312062030012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis temperature on the content of soluble protein, DPP-IV inhibition rate and DH of inhibitory peptides, figureFileSmall=a4aE+QRp6ALTXr8kbJ60pA==, figureFileBig=UukyQPJERi0vmLNrftldYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312129138877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图5, caption=酶解温度对玉米蛋白抑制肽可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=a4aE+QRp6ALTXr8kbJ60pA==, figureFileBig=UukyQPJERi0vmLNrftldYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312208830654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis pH on the content of soluble protein, DPP-IV inhibition rate and DH of inhibitory peptides, figureFileSmall=5mstnBWsnB9r/FJjmD+Duw==, figureFileBig=NorD4KOwCivlFKhQyuLhqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312280133823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酶解pH对玉米蛋白抑制肽可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=5mstnBWsnB9r/FJjmD+Duw==, figureFileBig=NorD4KOwCivlFKhQyuLhqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312364019904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Response surface plots of the effects of the interaction of various factors on the DPP-IV inhibition rate, figureFileSmall=ReCgTEuA7niD/CzjBiEDAQ==, figureFileBig=WZT44n1lH/7pU4x6OPeI7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312431128769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各因素交互作用对DPP-IV抑制率影响的响应面图, figureFileSmall=ReCgTEuA7niD/CzjBiEDAQ==, figureFileBig=WZT44n1lH/7pU4x6OPeI7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312674398402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Elution profile of the molecular weight distribution of standard proteins, figureFileSmall=/DlV03DBtoT5jE3vMHvSfw==, figureFileBig=n+t4zFV8G+YMFFRA1FKigQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312745701571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图8, caption=标准蛋白分子量分布洗脱图, figureFileSmall=/DlV03DBtoT5jE3vMHvSfw==, figureFileBig=n+t4zFV8G+YMFFRA1FKigQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312804421828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Elution profile of molecular weight distribution of corn protein inhibitory peptides, figureFileSmall=8NMnXhPHQd47MMo4STdktQ==, figureFileBig=myV4Td/2Cjm0CYiMJAr4ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882312875724997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图9, caption=玉米蛋白抑制肽分子量分布洗脱图, figureFileSmall=8NMnXhPHQd47MMo4STdktQ==, figureFileBig=myV4Td/2Cjm0CYiMJAr4ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882313106411718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of inhibitory peptides in different molecular weight fractions on the DPP-IV inhibition rate, figureFileSmall=IqKMdF0XxXAjZpVnRBPa4Q==, figureFileBig=lA/XsEKkNkbuj7iVdAezYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882313194492103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同分子量组分的抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率的影响

注:图中图标(a~c)不同表示各组间DPP-IV抑制率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=IqKMdF0XxXAjZpVnRBPa4Q==, figureFileBig=lA/XsEKkNkbuj7iVdAezYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882313286766792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Inhibition kinetic curves of corn protein inhibitory peptides on DPP-IV, figureFileSmall=ZFxgPodP+dRCSDgRUyidMw==, figureFileBig=DjuLBtS31eZx53oHFWYCfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882313576173769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图11, caption=玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=ZFxgPodP+dRCSDgRUyidMw==, figureFileBig=DjuLBtS31eZx53oHFWYCfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882313928495306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plots of corn protein inhibitory peptides at different concentrations, figureFileSmall=wOqQ8ALGkf3WPuIeVlkPjg==, figureFileBig=+bBxBqM5z/QbQ7W8weE2Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882314008187083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同浓度玉米蛋白抑制肽Lineweaver-Burk双倒数图, figureFileSmall=wOqQ8ALGkf3WPuIeVlkPjg==, figureFileBig=+bBxBqM5z/QbQ7W8weE2Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882314364702924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Optimal reaction conditions of different proteases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白酶种类温度(℃)pH
碱性蛋白酶508.5
中性蛋白酶457.0
复合蛋白酶507.5
木瓜蛋白酶507.0
风味蛋白酶507.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320882316210196685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同蛋白酶的最适反应条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白酶种类温度(℃)pH
碱性蛋白酶508.5
中性蛋白酶457.0
复合蛋白酶507.5
木瓜蛋白酶507.0
风味蛋白酶507.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320882316457660622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of the response surface experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A酶添加量(U/g)B酶解时间(min)C酶解温度(℃)
−148013542
060015045
172016548
), ArticleFig(id=1320882316541546703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验的因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A酶添加量(U/g)B酶解时间(min)C酶解温度(℃)
−148013542
060015045
172016548
), ArticleFig(id=1320882316877091024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Inhibition types of corn protein inhibitory peptides on DPP-IV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂(μL)无抑制剂组有抑制剂组
空白对照空白对照
Tris-HCl5040100
DPP-IV010010
Gly-Pro-pNA50505050
玉米蛋白抑制肽004040
), ArticleFig(id=1320882316952588497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂(μL)无抑制剂组有抑制剂组
空白对照空白对照
Tris-HCl5040100
DPP-IV010010
Gly-Pro-pNA50505050
玉米蛋白抑制肽004040
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317044863186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Box-Behnken experimental design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A酶添加量B酶解时间C酶解温度Y抑制率(%)
1−10−158.06
201168.49
310−165.05
40−1−162.08
511069.23
600071.32
7−1−1059.25
80−1160.93
900071.02
1001−165.17
11−10161.83
121−1062.32
1300072.37
14−11062.89
1500073.25
1600072.54
1710163.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317124554963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A酶添加量B酶解时间C酶解温度Y抑制率(%)
1−10−158.06
201168.49
310−165.05
40−1−162.08
511069.23
600071.32
7−1−1059.25
80−1160.93
900071.02
1001−165.17
11−10161.83
121−1062.32
1300072.37
14−11062.89
1500073.25
1600072.54
1710163.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317288132820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of variance for the regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值(Prob>F)显著性
模型399.9944.4390.89<0.0001**
A41.22141.2284.33<0.0001**
B56.18156.18114.92<0.0001**
C2.5112.515.130.0579
AB2.6712.675.470.0520
AC6.8416.8413.990.0073**
BC5.0015.0010.220.0151*
A2120.81120.8247.11<0.0001**
B246.45146.4595.01<0.0001**
C289.53189.53183.15<0.0001**
残差3.4270.489
失拟项0.05830.0190.0230.9945不显著
纯误差3.3640.841
总离差403.3316
R20.9915
R2adj0.9806
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317376213205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

回归模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值(Prob>F)显著性
模型399.9944.4390.89<0.0001**
A41.22141.2284.33<0.0001**
B56.18156.18114.92<0.0001**
C2.5112.515.130.0579
AB2.6712.675.470.0520
AC6.8416.8413.990.0073**
BC5.0015.0010.220.0151*
A2120.81120.8247.11<0.0001**
B246.45146.4595.01<0.0001**
C289.53189.53183.15<0.0001**
残差3.4270.489
失拟项0.05830.0190.0230.9945不显著
纯误差3.3640.841
总离差403.3316
R20.9915
R2adj0.9806
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317460099286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Relative molecular mass distribution of corn protein inhibitory peptides less than 1 kDa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对分子质量(kDa)峰面积百分比(%)
1.0~0.80.67
0.8~0.64.91
0.6~0.417.20
0.4~0.222.45
<0.213.16
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317539791063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

小于1 kDa玉米蛋白抑制肽的相对分子质量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对分子质量(kDa)峰面积百分比(%)
1.0~0.80.67
0.8~0.64.91
0.6~0.417.20
0.4~0.222.45
<0.213.16
), ArticleFig(id=1320882317732729048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Amino acid composition of corn protein inhibitory peptides and their ultrafiltration fractionation components (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类原液>1 kDa<1 kDa
Asp(天冬氨酸)4.85±0.115.26±0.142.48±0.09
Thr*(苏氨酸)2.81±0.083.11±0.091.97±0.06
Ser(丝氨酸)4.48±0.154.43±0.123.04±0.07
Glu(谷氨酸)19.35±0.7918.77±0.529.79±0.12
Gly(甘氨酸)1.96±0.102.45±0.072.13±0.05
Ala(丙氨酸)7.42±0.126.97±0.179.80±0.23
Cys(半胱氨酸)0.50±0.020.51±0.010.07±0.01
Val*(缬氨酸)3.07±0.113.14±0.092.94±0.08
Met*(甲硫氨酸)1.72±0.020.47±0.011.58±0.07
Ile*(异亮氨酸)2.91±0.062.96±0.082.66±0.06
Leu*(亮氨酸)14.10±0.2712.78±0.4115.20±0.32
Tyr*(酪氨酸)4.09±0.083.83±0.114.53±0.09
Phe*(苯丙氨酸)5.05±0.114.73±0.136.02±0.14
Lys*(赖氨酸)0.92±0.051.26±0.031.97±0.05
His(组氨酸)1.31±0.031.30±0.041.65±0.04
Arg(精氨酸)1.84±0.122.20±0.064.12±0.10
Pro(脯氨酸)7.30±0.216.03±0.095.14±0.12
氨基酸总量83.67±0.86a80.18±2.17b75.09±1.68c
必需氨基酸总量34.67±0.50b32.27±0.95c36.86±0.87a
非必需氨基酸总量49.01±1.02a47.91±1.22a38.23±0.81b
疏水性氨基酸总量41.58±0.36b37.07±0.99c43.34±1.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882318122799321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882284991991902, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

玉米蛋白抑制肽及其超滤分级组分氨基酸组成(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类原液>1 kDa<1 kDa
Asp(天冬氨酸)4.85±0.115.26±0.142.48±0.09
Thr*(苏氨酸)2.81±0.083.11±0.091.97±0.06
Ser(丝氨酸)4.48±0.154.43±0.123.04±0.07
Glu(谷氨酸)19.35±0.7918.77±0.529.79±0.12
Gly(甘氨酸)1.96±0.102.45±0.072.13±0.05
Ala(丙氨酸)7.42±0.126.97±0.179.80±0.23
Cys(半胱氨酸)0.50±0.020.51±0.010.07±0.01
Val*(缬氨酸)3.07±0.113.14±0.092.94±0.08
Met*(甲硫氨酸)1.72±0.020.47±0.011.58±0.07
Ile*(异亮氨酸)2.91±0.062.96±0.082.66±0.06
Leu*(亮氨酸)14.10±0.2712.78±0.4115.20±0.32
Tyr*(酪氨酸)4.09±0.083.83±0.114.53±0.09
Phe*(苯丙氨酸)5.05±0.114.73±0.136.02±0.14
Lys*(赖氨酸)0.92±0.051.26±0.031.97±0.05
His(组氨酸)1.31±0.031.30±0.041.65±0.04
Arg(精氨酸)1.84±0.122.20±0.064.12±0.10
Pro(脯氨酸)7.30±0.216.03±0.095.14±0.12
氨基酸总量83.67±0.86a80.18±2.17b75.09±1.68c
必需氨基酸总量34.67±0.50b32.27±0.95c36.86±0.87a
非必需氨基酸总量49.01±1.02a47.91±1.22a38.23±0.81b
疏水性氨基酸总量41.58±0.36b37.07±0.99c43.34±1.01a
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玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的酶法制备及其性质研究
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陶莉 1 , 王俊彤 1, 2 , 李冠龙 3 , 姜彩霞 4 , 郑喜群 1, 2, 3, * , 刘晓兰 3, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(1): 289-299
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (1) : 289 -299
玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的酶法制备及其性质研究
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2粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
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陶莉1 , 王俊彤1, 2, 李冠龙3, 姜彩霞4, 郑喜群1, 2, 3, * , 刘晓兰3, *
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 3齐齐哈尔大学食品与生物工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 4黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
郑喜群(1963−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
刘晓兰(1962−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陶莉(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:

Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Corn Protein
Li TAO1 , Juntong WANG1, 2, Guanlong LI3, Caixia JIANG4, Xiqun ZHENG1, 2, 3, * , Xiaolan LIU3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products and Utilizationof Ministry of Education, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
  • 4National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010123
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本文以玉米蛋白粉为原料制备对二肽基肽酶(Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV,DPP-IV)具有抑制作用的生物活性肽。采用酶法制备技术筛选出对DPP-IV抑制效果最佳的蛋白酶,通过单因素及响应面优化试验确定最佳酶解条件,并进一步对制得的抑制肽进行分子量分布、超滤分级及氨基酸组成等分析。结果表明:中性蛋白酶制备玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的效果最佳,工艺优化得到的最佳酶解条件为底物浓度10%(w/v)、酶添加量640 U/g、酶解时间157 min、酶解温度45 ℃、酶解pH7.0。该条件下得到的抑制肽对DPP-IV的半抑制浓度(Half-inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为0.53±0.06 mg/mL。超滤分级后小于1 kDa组分分子量占原抑制肽的58.9%,对DPP-IV的抑制活性高于原抑制肽,这与其氨基酸组成有关。酶促反应动力学分析结果表明制备的抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制类型属于竞争性可逆抑制。本研究结果为玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的开发利用提供了理论依据,为玉米蛋白的高值化利用提供新思路。

玉米蛋白源抑制肽  /  中性蛋白酶  /  二肽基肽酶-IV(DPP-IV)  /  2型糖尿病(T2DM)

In this work, bioactive peptides with inhibitory effect on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were prepared from corn protein meal. The protease with the best inhibitory effect on DPP-IV was selected by enzymatic preparation technique, and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined by single factor and response surface optimization experiments. The molecular weight distribution, ultrafiltration classification and amino acid composition of the obtained inhibitory peptides were further analyzed. The results showed that the neutral protease had the best effect on the preparation of DPP-IV inhibitory peptide from corn protein source. The optimal enzymolysis conditions were substrate concentration of 10% (w/v), enzyme dosage of 640 U/g, enzymolysis time of 157 min, enzymolysis temperature of 45 ℃ and enzymolysis pH of 7.0. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of DPP-IV for the inhibitory peptide obtained under this condition was 0.53±0.06 mg/mL. After ultrafiltration, the molecular weight of components less than 1 kDa accounted for 58.9% of the original inhibitory peptide, and the inhibitory activity against DPP-IV was higher than that of the original inhibitory peptide, which was related to its amino acid composition. The results of enzymatic reaction kinetics showed that the inhibition type of DPP-IV was competitive and reversible. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of DPP-IV inhibitory peptide from corn protein source, and suggest a new idea for the high-value utilization of corn protein.

corn-protein-derived inhibitory peptides  /  neutral protease  /  dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)  /  type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
陶莉, 王俊彤, 李冠龙, 姜彩霞, 郑喜群, 刘晓兰. 玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的酶法制备及其性质研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 289 -299 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010123
Li TAO, Juntong WANG, Guanlong LI, Caixia JIANG, Xiqun ZHENG, Xiaolan LIU. Enzymatic Preparation and Characterization of DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Corn Protein[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 289 -299 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010123
糖尿病是一种以持续性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,主要包括1型和2型糖尿病两大类,其中2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)占比高达90%~95%[1]。T2DM是由于胰岛素分泌不足、敏感度低或二者协同作用引起的机体营养代谢紊乱[2]。研究发现,目前治疗T2DM的办法主要有以下几种途径:合成钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)受体激活剂和二肽基肽酶-IV(Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV,DPP-IV)抑制剂等[3−4]。GLP-1是一种重要的肠促胰岛素激素,能够刺激胰岛素的分泌,降低血糖水平,同时还具有抑制食欲、减缓胃排空等功能。但DPP-IV可以快速降解GLP-1,使机体胰岛素分泌量降低,进而导致机体血糖水平较高[5]。通过抑制DPP-IV的活性可以减少体内GLP-1的降解,延长GLP-1在机体内的半衰期,从而维持机体正常的血糖水平[6]。基于此,DPP-IV的抑制已成为治疗T2DM的一个重要靶点。
DPP-IV是一种广泛存在于人体中的丝氨酸蛋白酶,目前市面上常见的 DPP-IV抑制剂有西格列汀(Sitag liptin)、维格列汀(Vildagliptin)、沙格列汀(Saxag liptin)等,但药物治疗往往伴随一定的副作用,通过食源性生物活性肽干预抑制DPP-IV活性则具有稳定性好,副作用小等优点[7]。Nongonierma等[8]总结了50种对DPP-IV半抑制浓度(Half-inhibitory concentration,IC50)值小于100 μmol/L的多肽物质,其长度均在2~17个氨基酸残基之间。这些有效的DPP-IV抑制肽广泛来源于乳(牛、马和骆驼)、鱼、小麦和棕榈藻等食物蛋白。王凤[9]结合体外和计算机生物信息学分析研究了燕麦酶解产物的DPP-IV抑制活性,从中分离纯化并鉴定出新型肽 LQAFEPLR对DPP-IV具有较高的体外抑制活性。Amin等[10]将玉米胚芽粕经3种蛋白酶水解得出的玉米胚芽蛋白水解物(CGPH)及其组分具有良好的抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶和DPP-IV抑制活性。至此寻找食源性DPP-IV抑制肽依旧是人们关注并不断努力的方向。
玉米蛋白粉是玉米湿法生产淀粉过程中的主要副产物之一,富含蛋白质,主要由醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白组成,但二者致密的蛋白结构导致其水溶性差,生物利用度低[11]。研究发现,玉米蛋白一级结构中存在许多具有潜在生物活性的特征序列,是制备生物活性肽的优质原料。Narasimha等[12]发现玉米蛋白源生物活性肽具有抗氧化、降血压、醒酒护肝等活性。Mochida等[13]研究发现玉米醇溶蛋白水解物(ZeinH)可刺激小鼠产生胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)的肠内分泌细胞系以及大鼠小肠(尤其是回肠)中GLP-1的分泌。同时可以降低回肠静脉血浆中DPP-IV的活性。由此推测玉米蛋白可能是DPP-IV抑制肽的潜在来源,但目前关于玉米蛋白源DPP-IV生物活性抑制肽的研究鲜有报道。因此,本研究以玉米蛋白粉为原料,采用酶法修饰制备DPP-IV活性抑制肽,并对抑制肽的性质进行了研究。本研究为拓宽玉米蛋白利用提供新出路,为增加玉米蛋白源功能食品种类提供理论基础。
玉米蛋白粉(总蛋白64.2%) 京粮龙江生物工程有限公司;α-淀粉酶(≥3700 U/g) 北京奥博星生物技术责任有限公司;碱性蛋白酶(240000 U/mL)、中性蛋白酶(80000 U/mL)、复合蛋白酶(200000 U/mL)、风味蛋白酶(150000 U/mL) 丹麦诺维信生物科技有限公司;木瓜蛋白酶(8000 U/g) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;二肽基肽酶-IV(DPP-IV)、甘氨酰-脯氨酰-对硝基苯胺对甲苯磺酸盐(Gly-Pro-pNA) 美国Sigma公司;多肽IPI(阳性对照) 青岛奎羚生物科技有限公司。
MT70双螺杆挤压膨化机 济南美腾机械有限公司;BA124S电子天平 赛多利斯科学仪器有限责任公司;ZNCL-GS磁力加热搅拌器 荣华仪器制造有限公司;PC/PLC-LD-53冷冻干燥机 美国MILLROCK;TD离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;PB-10 pH计 上海精密科学仪器有限公司;EnSpire 多功能酶标仪 珀金埃尔默股份有限公司;TU-810紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司;HYM-Multi-RN多功能实验分离机 厦门昊源膜科技有限公司;AKTA avant智能蛋白质纯化色谱仪 GE生命科学有限公司;L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪 日本日立公司。
参考Li等[14]的处理方法,将挤压膨化后的玉米蛋白粉进行脱淀粉处理。调节玉米蛋白粉含水量至16%,采用双螺杆挤压膨化机在160~180 ℃,1.0~1.5 MPa 条件下进行膨化。膨化后的玉米蛋白粉在室温下干燥、粉碎后,过60目筛。称取200 g膨化处理后的玉米蛋白粉原料,加入2000 mL去离子水,玻璃棒搅拌使其充分混匀制得10%(w/v)的悬浮液,用1 mol/L稀盐酸溶液调节溶液pH至6.5。将烧杯放置于智能磁力搅拌器中,在65 ℃、转速900 r/min条件下进行去淀粉处理,α-淀粉酶加酶量为1%(w/w),反应过程中通过加入1 mol/L NaOH维持溶液pH稳定在6.5,反应时间2 h,反应结束后放置在沸水浴中灭酶15 min,然后冷却至室温,在10000 r/min条件下离心10 min,用去离子水洗涤离心沉淀3次,将沉淀晾干,备用。预处理后的玉米蛋白粉的总蛋白质含量为80.57%。
参考韦雅虹等[15]酶解方法,将预处理后的玉米蛋白粉按 10%(w/v)固液比分散于去离子水中。采用恒温水浴并在磁力搅拌的作用下,将溶液体系加热至蛋白酶的最适温度,用1 mol/L NaOH调节至蛋白酶的最适反应pH后加入相应蛋白酶,开始计算反应时间。反应期间用1 mol/L NaOH调节溶液的pH,使其始终保持在最适反应pH,并记录NaOH的用量。反应结束后,进行沸水浴灭酶15 min,冷却后离心,保留上清液,即为玉米蛋白抑制肽。
根据1.2.2中抑制肽的制备方法,分别选用表1中五种蛋白酶酶解玉米蛋白,酶解体系为200 mL,酶添加量1000 U/g,酶解温度和pH如表1。以碱性蛋白酶为例,将预处理后的玉米蛋白粉按 10%(w/v)料液比分散于去离子水中,采用恒温水浴并在磁力搅拌的作用下将溶液加热至50 ℃,用1 mol/L NaOH调节pH至8.5后加入碱性蛋白酶,开始计时,反应4 h。反应期间用1 mol/L NaOH调节溶液的pH,使溶液始终保持pH8.5,记录NaOH的用量。反应结束后,对溶液进行灭酶、冷却、离心,保留上清液,即为玉米蛋白-碱性蛋白酶抑制肽。并结合1.2.4~1.2.6的评价指标进行蛋白酶的筛选。
采用Folin-酚法测定样品中可溶性蛋白含量[9]。以牛血清蛋白(标准蛋白)浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标,反应吸光度(Abs650 nm)为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,得到标准曲线为y=2.0131x+0.0751(R2=0.9987),依据测得的吸光度值即可计算样品中的可溶性蛋白含量。
抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率的测定根据Matheeussen等[16]的方法略有改动。本试验使用的缓冲液均为0.02 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH8.0),DPP-IV的浓度为100 ng/mL,发光底物Gly-Pro-pNA的浓度为100 μmol/L。依据酶解液中可溶性蛋白含量测定结果,将酶解液稀释至蛋白浓度1 mg/mL,然后进行DPP-IV抑制率的测定[17],多肽IPI作为阳性对照(IPI是已报道的高效DPP-IV抑制肽[18])。
分别于96孔板中加入50 μL缓冲液(对照空白组)、40 μL缓冲液+10 μL DPP-IV酶(对照组)、40 μL样品+10 μL缓冲液(样品空白组)、40 μL样品+10 μL DPP-IV酶(样品组),每组三个平行,37 ℃培养10 min后分别向各孔内加入50 μL底物,继续37 ℃培养1 h后在405 nm处测定各孔吸光值。
$ \begin{split}&{\text{DPP-IV}{抑制率(}\text{%})=}\\&{\dfrac{(\text{对照组}-\text{对照空白})-(\text{样品组}-\text{样品空白组})}{\text{对照组}-\text{对照空白}}\times{100}}\end{split}$
采用pH-stat法测定玉米蛋白的水解度[19]。根据1.2.2中抑制肽的制备方法,在酶解过程中以1 mol/L NaOH溶液调节酶解pH,使pH始终保持在蛋白酶最适pH,记录NaOH溶液的用量,根据水解度公式计算玉米蛋白的水解度(DH):
$ \text{DH}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{NaOH}}\times{\text{C}}_{\text{NaOH}}}{{\alpha}\times {\mathrm{Mp}} \times {\mathrm{htot}}}\times 100 $
$ \alpha=\frac{{\text{10}}^{\text{pH-pK}}}{1+{\text{10}}^{\text{pH-pK}}} $
式中:VNaOH:消耗的NaOH溶液体积;CNaOH:NaOH溶液浓度;pH:蛋白酶的最适pH;pK:氨基酸的解离常数,取7.0进行计算;Mp:参与反应的玉米蛋白总量(g);htot:每克蛋白质中肽键的总数(mmol/g),玉米蛋白的htot为8.38 mmol/g。
以反应体系200 mL、底物浓度10%(w/v)、酶添加量800 U/g、酶解时间180 min、酶解温度45 ℃、pH7.0为初始条件。分别优化酶添加量(400、600、800、1000、1200 U/g);酶解时间(15、30、45、60、90、120、150、180、210、240 min);酶解温度(35、40、45、50、55 ℃),酶解pH(6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0)进行单因素实验,以可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率、水解度为指标对各因素进行优化。
在上述单因素实验结果基础上,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合试验设计原理,以样品对DPP-IV抑制率作为响应值,对酶添加量(A)、酶解时间(B)和酶解温度(C)设计三因素三水平的响应面分析试验,各因素水平见表2,通过响应面曲线分析对玉米蛋白酶解条件进行优化,并采用Design Expert 13.0.1.0数据分析软件对结果进行处理分析,得到最佳的玉米蛋白酶解条件。
参考Ren等[20]的方法使用 AKTA avant 智能蛋白质纯化色谱仪及凝胶色谱柱(Superdex Peptide 10/300 GL)对所得的玉米蛋白抑制肽进行分子量分布的测定。本试验洗脱液为含0.15 mol/L NaCl,pH7.0的0.02 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液,称取玉米蛋白抑制肽样品,用洗脱液配制蛋白浓度为2 mg/mL的样品1 mL。在4 ℃、10000 r/min的条件下离心5 min,取上清液过0.22 μm滤膜后上样。色谱柱用蓝色葡聚糖2000(2000 kDa)测定外水体积,标准蛋白为抑肽酶(6511 Da)、杆菌肽(1422 Da)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(612 Da)和还原型谷胱甘肽(307 Da),以有效分配系数(Kaw)为横坐标,标准蛋白相对分子质量对数(lg Mr)为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,得到标准曲线为 y=−3.6725x+4.839(R2=0.9893),计算玉米蛋白抑制肽的分子量分布情况。
参考丛万锁等[21]的方法,采用HYM-Multi-RN多功能实验分离机进行超滤分级,选取1 kDa超滤膜进行分离,将一定体积的酶解上清液注入超滤分离装置的储槽中,出膜压力不超过20 bar,在泵提供的动力下,样品溶液经微滤后进入截断分子量为1 kDa的超滤膜中,样品溶液中分子量小于1 kDa的组分将通过超滤膜内部流出,分子量大于1 kDa的大分子物质得以保留并得到浓缩,返回到储槽中,如此反复循环,分别收集分子量大于1 kDa和小于1 kDa组分进行DPP-IV抑制率的测定。
参考王晓杰等[22]的方法测定样品的氨基酸组成。精准称取蛋白含量60 mg 玉米蛋白酶解物于20 mL的安瓿管中,加入9 mL的6 mol/L盐酸溶液,氮吹5 min以排出管内的空气,然后用酒精喷灯进行封管处理。将封管后的安瓿管放置在110 ℃的烘箱中酸水解24 h后,将安瓿管中的样品溶液转移到50 mL小烧杯中,用6 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节样品溶液pH至2.2左右,过滤,然后用pH2.2的柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液定容至100 mL。取1 mL的样品溶液,用0.22 μm的针头式过滤器过滤样品至样品瓶中。处理好的样品采用L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪进行分析。
采用酶抑制动力学方法研究玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV酶的抑制作用类型。参考吉薇[23]的实验方法略有改动,使用Tris-HCl缓冲液分别配制玉米蛋白抑制肽蛋白浓度为0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/mL;DPP-IV酶浓度为20、40、60、80、100 ng/mL;Gly-Pro-pNA浓度为50、75、100、250、500 μmol/L备用。
判断玉米蛋白抑制肽是否可逆:将实验分为无抑制剂组和有抑制剂组,固定Gly-Pro-pNA浓度(100 μmol/L)和玉米蛋白浓度(1 mg/mL)不变,改变DPP-IV酶浓度,无抑制剂组用Tris-HCl 缓冲液代替。判断玉米蛋白抑制肽竞争性-非竞争性抑制:实验均为有抑制剂组,固定DPP-IV酶浓度(100 ng/mL),分别探究浓度为0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/mL的玉米蛋白抑制肽在浓度为50、75、100、250、500 μmol/L的Gly-Pro-pNA下对DPP-IV的抑制情况,具体添加量如表3所示。使用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法分析并判断玉米蛋白抑制肽的抑制类型。
本实验的所有数据均通过IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件进行统计学分析,采用单因素方差分析法对实验数据进行分析,用Duncan法进行数据间的差异显著性分析,显著性水平为P<0.05,每个实验重复三次,结果以平均数±标准差表示。数据通过Origin 2022 软件进行作图。响应面部分通过Design-Expert 13.0.1软件进行作图。
玉米蛋白粉中主要包括醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白两部分,两种蛋白质溶解性较差,通过加入蛋白酶酶解可将其转化为可溶性蛋白。因酶的专一性存在差异,不同种类的蛋白酶对蛋白质的酶切作用位点均具有明显差异性,导致酶解后产生的多肽序列组成及生物活性存在一定的差异性[24]。因此,本研究首先探究了不同蛋白酶水解得到的抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制作用,选择效果最好的蛋白酶进行后续实验。图1为不同蛋白酶酶解离心后得到的上清液样品,从左到右依次为碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶酶解上清液。
从图2中可以看出,相同条件下,不同蛋白酶酶解得到的玉米蛋白酶解液可溶蛋白含量和水解度具有显著差异性(P<0.05)。其中碱性蛋白酶酶解得到的产物可溶性蛋白含量和水解度最高,说明有大量的底物不溶性蛋白被剪切成小分子肽,碱性蛋白酶的水解能力最强。风味蛋白酶酶解的抑制肽可溶性蛋白含量和水解度最低,相比之下其水解能力最弱。风味蛋白酶主要剪切蛋白或多肽N/C末端的疏水性氨基酸,通常与剪切能力较强的碱性蛋白酶复合使用,以减少碱性蛋白酶酶解过程中产生的苦味肽[25]。
不同蛋白酶酶解得到的玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率与蛋白酶的水解能力无明显相关关系。中性蛋白酶酶解的抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率最高,说明中性蛋白酶能在酶解过程中使玉米蛋白释放出更多的DPP-IV抑制肽,是将玉米蛋白转化为潜在的DPP-IV抑制肽最有效的蛋白酶。张颖[26]在牛、羊乳酪蛋白源实验中也发现了中性蛋白酶酶解的抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制效果最好,其可能与底物蛋白种类的不同有关,不同的蛋白酶适用于不同的蛋白源来生产DPP-IV抑制活性肽产物。且图中中性蛋白酶的水解度仅次于碱性蛋白酶。故综合考虑选择中性蛋白酶进行后续实验。
根据2.1结果选取中性蛋白酶进行酶解实验,探究酶添加量对玉米蛋白抑制肽可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度的影响,结果如图3所示。
由图3可知,酶添加量与可溶性蛋白含量和水解度呈正相关,随着酶添加量的增加,可溶性蛋白含量和水解度也逐渐增加。酶添加量大于600 U/g时可溶性蛋白含量和水解度增加变慢。酶添加量为1200 U/g时抑制肽的可溶性蛋白含量和水解度达到最高。酶添加量为1000 U/g和1200 U/g时,可溶性蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。依据酶反应动力学原理,底物与酶的结合逐渐达到饱和状态会使反应速度变慢,这可能是水解度无明显变化的主要原因。
随着酶添加量的增加,DPP-IV抑制率呈先增高后降低的趋势。酶添加量为600 U/g时DPP-IV抑制率最高,为68.63%±1.19%。而随着酶添加量的继续升高,DPP-IV抑制率又逐渐降低,说明在一定范围内提高酶添加量可以促使玉米蛋白生成更多的DPP-IV抑制肽。酶添加量过多时,中性蛋白酶可能会对玉米蛋白剪切过度,剪切掉对DPP-IV抑制较好的活性位点,从而导致一些具有抑制活性的蛋白被分解成无活性肽序列,导致抑制率降低[15]。故选取最佳酶添加量600 U/g进行后续实验。
在2.2.1基础上建立反应体系,底物浓度、酶添加量、酶解温度、酶解pH同上。酶解时间分别为15、30、45、60、90、120、150、180、210、240 min,结果如图4所示。
从图4可知,随着反应时间延长,玉米蛋白抑制肽的可溶性蛋白含量和水解度整体呈上升趋势。反应前150 min酶解速率最大,150 min后反应速率逐渐降低,表明在酶解前期酶活力逐渐升高,蛋白酶与底物反应充分,而酶解150 min后,反应体系中底物逐渐减少,导致酶与底物的可结合位点减少,使反应逐渐趋于饱和状态。同时研究表明抑制肽增多会对反应产生抑制作用,也是反应速率变慢的原因之一[27]。
随着时间的延长,抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制率呈先增加后降低的趋势。在反应前150 min,抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制率逐渐增高,说明在酶解过程中逐渐释放了更多的玉米蛋白DPP-IV抑制肽,反应150 min时抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率最高。随着反应时间的进一步延长,反应速率变慢,反应逐渐达到饱和状态,具有抑制DPP-IV作用的肽段释放量降低。此外,反应时间过长可能会导致酶解前期产生的对DPP-IV抑制活性较好的肽进行过度酶解,破坏了其多肽结构,使酶解液对DPP-IV的抑制率降低[28]。由此可见,适宜的酶解时间对玉米蛋白抑制DPP-IV活性肽的制备也十分重要。因此,考虑时间成本,选择酶解时间150 min进行后续实验。
根据2.2.2结果进行下一步优化实验,反应体系、底物浓度、酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解pH同上,酶解温度分别为35、40、45、50、55 ℃,结果如图5所示。
酶解温度是影响酶催化活性的主要因素,在特定的温度条件下,酶的催化活性达到最高[29]。从图5可以看出,不同酶解温度下得到的玉米蛋白抑制肽的可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度均以先上升后下降的趋势变化。不同酶解温度下得到的产物对DPP-IV抑制率有显著差异(P<0.05)。酶解温度达到45 ℃时,抑制肽的可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度均达到峰值。随着酶解温度的升高,这3个指标的值开始逐渐下降。温度为55 ℃时,可溶性蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度均为最低值。这可能是因为酶解温度超出中性蛋白酶的最适温度范围,改变了酶的构象和活性中心,导致酶的活性降低,影响多肽与目标分子的相互作用,进而使酶与底物反应速率降低,降低了抑制肽的生物活性[30]。由此可以看出酶解温度对玉米蛋白抑制肽的影响很大,故选择45 ℃进行下一步实验。
结合2.2.3的因素优化结果,反应体系、底物浓度、酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度同上,选取pH为6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0进行酶解反应,结果如图6所示。
酶解pH不仅会影响中性蛋白酶的酶活力,也会影响原料蛋白的酶解状态,进而影响原料的水解度[31]。由图6可知,随着酶解pH的增加,玉米蛋白抑制肽的可溶蛋白含量、DPP-IV抑制率及水解度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。酶解pH小于7.0时,可溶性蛋白含量、对DPP-IV的抑制率及水解度均呈上升趋势。酶解pH为7.0时,这三个指标均达到峰值,此时玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制率为71.72%±1.22%。马诗文[32]研究中性蛋白酶酶解绿豆蛋白时,同样发现中性蛋白酶的最适pH为7.0。酶解pH大于7.0时,三个指标开始呈下降趋势,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.05),可溶性蛋白含量和水解度下降明显,酶解pH为8.0时,三个指标均为最低值,说明超过了中性蛋白酶的最适pH,导致部分中性蛋白酶的酶解能力减弱甚至失活,因此选择pH7.0进行酶解实验。由于酶解pH6.5~7.5时,玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率差异不明显,故选择酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度进行响应面优化试验。
在单因素实验结果的基础上,以酶添加量(A)、酶解时间(B)、酶解温度(C)为Box-Behnken试验的自变量,抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制率(Y)为响应值,进行三因素三水平响应面优化试验,试验设计的因素水平及结果如表4所示。
利用Design Expert 13设计软件,对所选的因素和水平进行设计后,测定所有设定组响应值,拟合并优化出以响应值为函数的二次多元回归方程:Y=72.10+2.27A+2.65B+0.56C+0.8175AB−1.31AC+1.12BC−5.36A2−3.32B2−4.61C2。回归模型方差分析结果如表5所示。
结合表4、5结果分析发现,该模型的P值小于0.0001,这表明该回归模型的显著性极高,具有统计学意义。失拟项(P=0.9945>0.05)差异不显著,表明该回归方程可用于代替试验的真实点进行结果分析。回归系数R2=0.9915,表明回归方程模型的建立是合理的,模型校正决定系数 R2adj=0.9806,表明此回归方程表示响应值变化具有可行性[33],可用于预测制备玉米蛋白DPP-IV抑制肽的最佳工艺条件。在模型中,A、B、AC、A2、B2、C2对响应值的影响极显著(P<0.01)。F值可以反映出各因素对试验指标的重要性,F越大表明此因素对试验指标的影响越大。因此,从表5中可以看出,各因素对DPP-IV抑制率影响程度大小顺序为:酶解时间(B)>酶添加量(A)>酶解温度(C)。
利用Design-Expert 13软件对回归模型构建响应面和等高线图,分析各因素对DPP-IV抑制率的影响,结果如图7所示。
图7为酶添加量(A)、酶解时间(B)、酶解温度(C)各因素间的交互作用对DPP-IV抑制率的影响。两因素交互响应面3D图的趋势越陡,说明因素之间的交互作用越明显,反之则不明显。从图中可以看出三个因素所呈现的图像均为凸型,表明DPP-IV的抑制率存在极值[34]。等高线形状和变化趋势可以反映各因素之间交互作用的强弱。通过等高线可以看出AB、AC、BC其形状均为椭圆形,说明酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度对DPP-IV的抑制率影响复杂,各因素之间均有交互作用。且酶添加量和酶解温度的交互作用最显著,结合回归模型方差分析表可以看出交互作用AC>BC>AB。通过等高线的变化趋势可得,各因素对DPP-IV抑制率的影响的大小顺序为B(酶解时间)>A(酶添加量)>C(酶解温度),这与方差分析结果一致。通过Design-Expert软件运行结果得到预测的玉米蛋白最优改性工艺条件参数:中性蛋白酶添加量638.261 U/g、酶解时间156.634 min,酶解温度45.244 ℃,预估DPP-IV抑制率为72.975%。
结合实际工艺设置的可行性,对优化的玉米蛋白的酶解条件进行修正:中性蛋白酶添加量640 U/g、酶解时间157 min、酶解温度45 ℃;以此工艺参数进行三次验证试验,以IPI为阳性对照(IC50为0.0024±0.0004 mg/mL),测得DPP-IV抑制率均值为73.59%±2.34%,IC50为0.53±0.06 mg/mL。结果与模型预测值相差较小,从而得出该模型优化参数可靠性较高。
通过凝胶色谱对工艺优化得到的抑制肽的分子量分布情况进行测定,其结果如图8、图9所示。
图9为未超滤的玉米蛋白抑制肽分子量分布洗脱图,根据面积归一法[35]计算得出分子量大于6.5 kDa的组分占总组分的41.1%,分子量小于1 kDa的组分占58.9%。其中分子量在1 kDa以下的分布情况如表6所示,该抑制肽分子量主要集中在0.6 kDa以下,其中0.2~0.4 kDa占比最高,说明在该条件下中性蛋白酶酶解得到的玉米蛋白抑制肽主要是由小分子肽段构成。Capriotti等[36]研究发现,活性肽的降糖作用与其结构(如分子量和肽链长度)密切相关,降糖肽通常由2~15个氨基酸残基组成,分子量为0.228~1.656 kDa,其氨基酸残基数小于7(分子量小于0.7~0.8 kDa)时活性最强,肽链越长肽的活性越弱。这是因为相较于大分子肽,小分子肽段能更快更好地被人体吸收,更容易发挥其生物活性功能。因此,本研究制备的玉米蛋白生物活性肽对DPP-IV的抑制活性较好可能是这些小分子多肽起到了关键作用。
依据分子量分布的结果,进一步采用超滤分级分析多肽组分的DPP-IV抑制率。
通过超滤分级试验,得到分子量大于1 kDa和小于1 kDa两个组分,分别测得不同组分对DPP-IV的抑制率并与原液对比,结果如图10所示。从图中可以看出对DPP-IV的抑制率大小依次为:小于1 kDa>原液>大于1 kDa,各组之间差异显著(P<0.05),说明超滤膜分级对具有较强抑制DPP-IV活性的玉米蛋白肽组分起到富集的作用,该组分多以小分子的形式存在,分子量主要集中在1 kDa以下。昝蓉[37]研究发现小分子肽比大分子肽的活性高,分子量小于1 kDa的肽具有更高的生物活性。
利用全自动氨基酸分析仪对超滤分级后得到的不同组分的玉米蛋白抑制肽进行氨基酸组成的测定,不同氨基酸含量具有显著差异性,结果如表7所示。
从表7可以看出,玉米蛋白酶解液原液、分子量大于1 kDa、分子量小于1 kDa组分都富含人体所需的必需氨基酸,说明其具有良好的营养价值。其中必需氨基酸总量由大到小依次是分子量小于1 kDa>原液>分子量大于1 kDa组分。影响DPP-IV抑制活性的强弱除分子量大小外还取决于各组分中特征氨基酸的含量[38]。研究发现,DPP-IV的结合位点具有特异性,当肽链N端第二位为Pro或Ala(即X-Pro或X-Ala,X代表任意氨基酸)时,DPP-IV能高效结合并发挥作用。若底物肽N端第一位氨基酸是疏水氨基酸(如Leu、Phe等)也会增强底物与DPP-IV的结合力,即X为疏水氨基酸,形成的X-Pro或X-Ala序列与DPP-IV的结合更紧密,这是因为DPP-IV活性位点附近存在疏水区域,可与这些疏水氨基酸发生疏水相互作用,稳定结合构象[39]。而中性蛋白酶通常对Leu和Phe等由疏水氨基酸组成的序列之间的肽键有较高的特异性,这些疏水氨基酸有助于肽段与DPP-IV的疏水口袋相互作用,形成稳定抑制肽-酶复合物[40]。从表7可以看出,三个氨基酸组分中疏水氨基酸的含量由大到小依次为:分子量小于1 kDa>原液>分子量大于1 kDa组分;其中Leu的含量比较:分子量小于1 kDa>原液>分子量大于1 kDa组分;Phe的含量比较:分子量小于1 kDa>原液>分子量大于1 kDa组分。结合DPP-IV的特异性结合位点分析这可能是对DPP-IV抑制率大小分子量小于1 kDa>原液>分子量大于1 kDa组分的原因。且玉米蛋白抑制肽中Pro和Ala的含量也较高,其存在形式是否符合DPP-IV的特异性切割位点需后续进行肽序列鉴定等试验进行验证。因此,这些氨基酸的存在可能是导致玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV抑制能力较强的关键因素。
按照抑制剂与酶结合的反应过程是否可逆,可将抑制剂分为可逆抑制剂和不可逆抑制剂两大类。试验过程中抑制剂的量是恒定的,因此直线通过原点的为可逆性抑制剂,直线不经过原点则为不可逆抑制剂。玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制动力学曲线如图11 所示。
图中无抑制剂组为不同浓度的DPP-IV(20、40、60、80、100 ng/mL)与底物(100 μmol/L)的抑制动力学曲线,有抑制剂组为玉米蛋白抑制肽(蛋白浓度1 mg/mL)与不同浓度的DPP-IV(20、40、60、80、100 ng/mL)和底物(100 μmol/L)的抑制动力学曲线。图中两条直线均过原点,可以推断该优化条件下得到的玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制类型是可逆性抑制。
抑制剂对酶的可逆性抑制又可分为竞争性抑制、非竞争性抑制、竞争-非竞争混合型抑制三种类型,可以通过Lineweaver-Burk双倒数图来确定。
判断抑制剂属于竞争性或非竞争性抑制剂也可通过不同浓度拟合曲线的交点表示,拟合曲线交点的位置不同代表不同的结合方式[41]。当拟合曲线交于1/V0轴时,表现为竞争性抑制剂;当拟合曲线交于1/[S]轴时,表现为非竞争性抑制剂;当拟合曲线交于第二象限,即1/V0轴与1/[S]轴之间时,表现为竞争-非竞争混合型抑制剂[42]。从图12中可以看出不同浓度的玉米蛋白抑制肽对应的拟合曲线在1/V0轴正半轴相交于一点,说明玉米蛋白抑制肽主要表现为竞争性抑制,且随着蛋白浓度的增大,斜率也随之增大,反应速率加快。
本文以玉米蛋白粉为原料,采用中性蛋白酶酶解制备具有DPP-IV高抑制活性的玉米蛋白抑制肽,最佳酶解工艺条件为底物浓度10%(w/v)、酶添加量640 U/g、酶解时间157 min、酶解温度45 ℃、酶解pH7.0,此条件下制备的玉米蛋白酶解产物对DPP-IV抑制IC50值为0.53±0.06 mg/mL。对其理化性质分析发现该条件下得到的酶解产物分子量小于1 kDa组分占总组分的58.9%。且其具有独特的氨基酸组成可能是其具有较高活性的主要原因。此外,玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV的抑制类型属于竞争性-可逆抑制。综上所述,玉米蛋白抑制肽对DPP-IV具有良好的抑制作用,本研究结果为玉米蛋白源DPP-IV抑制肽的开发利用提供了理论依据,为玉米蛋白的高值化利用提供新思路。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010123
  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
    3齐齐哈尔大学食品与生物工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
    4黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319

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郑喜群(1963−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
刘晓兰(1962−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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