Article(id=1320882663829910125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120356, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852567870, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852567870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852567870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852567870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=410, endPage=419, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882664048013934, articleId=1320882663829910125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Three Types of Mannans on DSS Induced Colitis Mice and Its Intestinal Microbiota, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of three plant-derived mannans, locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum (GG) and konjac flour (KGM), on colitis and intestinal microecology in mice. Mice were fed with feed containing 2% three different mannans, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce colitis. The physiological indexes of mice in each group were measured and the intestinal microbiota was analyzed. The results demonstrated that three mannans ameliorated colitis symptoms in mice to varying degrees, with guar gum exhibiting the most significant effects. Compared to the model group, guar gum intervention increased colon length by 20.0% (P<0.01), reduced the immune index by 22.7% (P<0.01), and decreased the number of mice with severe bloody stools by 50%. Further analysis revealed that guar gum significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α by 26.8% (P<0.05), 48.9% (P<0.001) and 60.0% (P<0.001), respectively. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased by 33.3% (P<0.01). Additionally, guar gum markedly elevated the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate (P<0.05). 16S Microbial diversity sequencing revealed that the three mannans had different regulatory effects on the structure of intestinal flora. KGM had a positive effect on improving intestinal microecological diversity. Guar gum had a significant effect on regulating multiple operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Enterorhabdus, Ruminococcus and other genera. These OTUs were significantly correlated with inflammation-related indicators or genera they belonged to have been reported to be closely related to short-chain fatty acid production and colitis. This study revealed the potential value of guar gum in the prevention and adjuvant treatment of colitis and the effect of intestinal microecology regulation in this process, which would benefit on the development of related functional foods.

, authors=Jianing ZHANG, Yuxin LIU, Xiang DONG, Xuewei ZHEN, Xinke LIU, Xuegang LUO, Yajian SONG*, authorsList=Jianing ZHANG, Yuxin LIU, Xiang DONG, Xuewei ZHEN, Xinke LIU, Xuegang LUO, Yajian SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yajian SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882667260850813, articleId=1320882663829910125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=三种甘露聚糖对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠及其肠道微生态的影响, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在系统研究槐豆胶(Locust bean gum,LBG)、瓜尔豆胶(Guar gum,GG)及魔芋粉(Konjac flour,KGM)三种植物性来源甘露聚糖对小鼠结肠炎的干预作用及对肠道微生态的影响。分别使用含有2%三种不同甘露聚糖的饲料饲喂小鼠,葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导进行小鼠结肠炎建模,对各组小鼠生理指标进行测定并对肠道微生态多样性进行分析。结果显示三种甘露聚糖不同程度改善了小鼠结肠炎症状,其中瓜尔豆胶效果最为显著,较模型组结肠长度增长20.0%(P<0.01),免疫指数降低22.7%(P<0.01),重度便血数量减少50%。进一步分析显示,瓜尔豆胶干预后结肠炎小鼠IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α炎症因子水平分别降低了26.8%(P<0.05)、48.9%(P<0.001)和60.0%(P<0.001),IL-10水平提高了33.3%(P<0.01),短链脂肪酸(Short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)尤其丁酸含量提高(P<0.05)。16S微生物多样性测序揭示了三种甘露聚糖对肠道菌群结构具有不同的调控作用。魔芋粉对恢复肠道微生态多样性有积极作用。瓜尔豆胶对norank_f_Muribaculaceae、Enterorhabdus、Ruminococcus等属的多个分类操作单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)具有显著的上调或下调作用,这些OTUs与炎症相关指标呈显著相关性或所属菌属被报道与短链脂肪酸产生和结肠炎具有密切关系。本研究揭示了瓜尔豆胶在预防和辅助治疗结肠炎中的潜在价值,阐释了其对肠道微生态调控在这一过程中的重要意义,对相关功能食品开发具有重要指导意义。

, authors=张珈宁, 刘雨馨, 董翔, 甄学微, 刘心可, 罗学刚, 宋亚囝*, authorsList=张珈宁, 刘雨馨, 董翔, 甄学微, 刘心可, 罗学刚, 宋亚囝, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋亚囝, authorNote=

张珈宁(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
宋亚囝(1984−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物技术,E-mail:。
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Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2021, 210(4): 173−179., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882667483148926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882667491537535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, companyId=1320882667483148926, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882667504120448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, companyId=1320882667483148926, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津 300457)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882672193352367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the mouse experimental process, figureFileSmall=Z2gD0wxs5BMm9fXzxUjkzQ==, figureFileBig=25YJkC0HZ49cDPyqriErtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672277238448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图1, caption=小鼠实验流程示意图, figureFileSmall=Z2gD0wxs5BMm9fXzxUjkzQ==, figureFileBig=25YJkC0HZ49cDPyqriErtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672520508081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of glycan intervention on basic physiological indexes and histopathological changes of colon in colitis mice, figureFileSmall=yxN1QhwR5dbWH7R2AQ1iyA==, figureFileBig=5ZngFkP38xNvz6CRPDG3Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672591811250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图2, caption=聚糖干预对结肠炎小鼠基本生理指标和结肠组织病理变化的影响

注:(A)便血等级占比;(B)结肠长度;(C)免疫指数;(D)H&E染色后结肠组织图像(200×,50 μm);*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,图3~图5、图7同。

, figureFileSmall=yxN1QhwR5dbWH7R2AQ1iyA==, figureFileBig=5ZngFkP38xNvz6CRPDG3Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672663114419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of glycan intervention on serum inflammatory factors in colitis mice, figureFileSmall=vBgrLhD3XJmwnxLDGGv3sA==, figureFileBig=OhY/2nl6wWp9BS4ai7XoGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672738611892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图3, caption=聚糖干预对结肠炎小鼠血清中炎症因子的影响

注:(A)IL-6;(B)IL-1β;(C)TNF-α;(D)IL-10。

, figureFileSmall=vBgrLhD3XJmwnxLDGGv3sA==, figureFileBig=OhY/2nl6wWp9BS4ai7XoGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672814109365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of glucan intervention on short-chain fatty acids in colitis mice, figureFileSmall=u4xORDJfMLR67D0lqek1lg==, figureFileBig=PQrGKQqGFhL0ebhuJWLJtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882672897995446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图4, caption=聚糖干预对结肠炎小鼠短链脂肪酸的影响

注:(A)乙酸;(B)丙酸;(C)丁酸;(D)异丁酸;(E)戊酸;(F)异戊酸。

, figureFileSmall=u4xORDJfMLR67D0lqek1lg==, figureFileBig=PQrGKQqGFhL0ebhuJWLJtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882674550551223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Analysis of intestinal microbiota diversity and phylum-level species composition and differences in mice, figureFileSmall=0DDzbdFm512z4SBOofUanQ==, figureFileBig=chgNUlF84LQ/hK04Pr+P1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882674651214520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小鼠肠道菌群多样性分析和门水平物种组成及差异分析

注:(A)Ace指数;(B)Chao1指数;(C)Shannon指数;(D)Simpson指数;(E)PCoA分析图;(F)门水平肠道菌群组成。

, figureFileSmall=0DDzbdFm512z4SBOofUanQ==, figureFileBig=chgNUlF84LQ/hK04Pr+P1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882674768655033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=OTUs level species composition and difference analysis, figureFileSmall=GNAvfKu93mNUMXatxvvEow==, figureFileBig=zaM7dcfSgErNRjBQu9dSeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882674839958202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图6, caption=OTU水平物种组成及差异分析, figureFileSmall=GNAvfKu93mNUMXatxvvEow==, figureFileBig=zaM7dcfSgErNRjBQu9dSeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882674928038587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Rlative abundance of related intestinal microbial communities at the OTU level, figureFileSmall=vHnk411kAou8oO24Q+cFFw==, figureFileBig=ld7ze//vS9WhAJS1SW5fAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882675003536060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=图7, caption=相关肠道微生物群落在OTU水平的相对丰度, figureFileSmall=vHnk411kAou8oO24Q+cFFw==, figureFileBig=ld7ze//vS9WhAJS1SW5fAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882675091616445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Correlation between OTUs and environmental factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
OTU结肠长度
(cm)
免疫指数IL-10
(pg/mL)
IL-6
(pg/mL)
IL-1β
(pg/mL)
TNF-α
(pg/mL)
OTU131−0.512*0.367*−0.490*0.464*0.377*0.439*
OTU166−0.2460.037−0.2070.2450.0120.333
OTU217−0.3460.166−0.410*0.3440.1960.504*
OTU152−0.3430.251−0.480*0.2700.2260.329
OTU284−0.2640.286−0.3260.1610.2510.416*
OTU333−0.609*0.638*−0.728*0.507*0.627*0.597*
OTU134−0.496*0.269−0.447*0.482*0.437*0.529*
OTU368−0.424*0.386*−0.423*0.434*0.3540.642*
OTU157−0.580*0.340−0.645*0.433*0.435*0.422*
OTU263−0.2900.358−0.3170.2990.551*0.401*
OTU241−0.583*0.417*−0.660*0.462*0.668*0.532*
OTU204−0.379*0.470*−0.2870.3410.2100.489*
OTU327−0.607*0.695*−0.790*0.516*0.564*0.659*
OTU390−0.489*0.445*−0.431*0.636*0.466*0.596*
OTU367−0.636*0.296−0.600*0.633*0.657*0.571*
OTU174−0.548*0.022−0.453*0.522*0.411*0.525*
OTU3730.362*−0.3340.556*−0.370*−0.491*−0.411*
OTU4430.723*−0.597*0.733*−0.611*−0.753*−0.696*
OTU3810.743*−0.569*0.687*−0.742*−0.735*−0.729*
OTU4010.484*−0.4530.484*−0.304−0.283−0.370*
), ArticleFig(id=1320882675192279742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882663829910125, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

OTUs与环境因子的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
OTU结肠长度
(cm)
免疫指数IL-10
(pg/mL)
IL-6
(pg/mL)
IL-1β
(pg/mL)
TNF-α
(pg/mL)
OTU131−0.512*0.367*−0.490*0.464*0.377*0.439*
OTU166−0.2460.037−0.2070.2450.0120.333
OTU217−0.3460.166−0.410*0.3440.1960.504*
OTU152−0.3430.251−0.480*0.2700.2260.329
OTU284−0.2640.286−0.3260.1610.2510.416*
OTU333−0.609*0.638*−0.728*0.507*0.627*0.597*
OTU134−0.496*0.269−0.447*0.482*0.437*0.529*
OTU368−0.424*0.386*−0.423*0.434*0.3540.642*
OTU157−0.580*0.340−0.645*0.433*0.435*0.422*
OTU263−0.2900.358−0.3170.2990.551*0.401*
OTU241−0.583*0.417*−0.660*0.462*0.668*0.532*
OTU204−0.379*0.470*−0.2870.3410.2100.489*
OTU327−0.607*0.695*−0.790*0.516*0.564*0.659*
OTU390−0.489*0.445*−0.431*0.636*0.466*0.596*
OTU367−0.636*0.296−0.600*0.633*0.657*0.571*
OTU174−0.548*0.022−0.453*0.522*0.411*0.525*
OTU3730.362*−0.3340.556*−0.370*−0.491*−0.411*
OTU4430.723*−0.597*0.733*−0.611*−0.753*−0.696*
OTU3810.743*−0.569*0.687*−0.742*−0.735*−0.729*
OTU4010.484*−0.4530.484*−0.304−0.283−0.370*
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三种甘露聚糖对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠及其肠道微生态的影响
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张珈宁 , 刘雨馨 , 董翔 , 甄学微 , 刘心可 , 罗学刚 , 宋亚囝 *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(1): 410-419
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (1) : 410 -419
三种甘露聚糖对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠及其肠道微生态的影响
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张珈宁 , 刘雨馨, 董翔, 甄学微, 刘心可, 罗学刚, 宋亚囝*
作者信息
  • 天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津 300457
通讯作者:
宋亚囝(1984−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张珈宁(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

Effect of Three Types of Mannans on DSS Induced Colitis Mice and Its Intestinal Microbiota
Jianing ZHANG , Yuxin LIU, Xiang DONG, Xuewei ZHEN, Xinke LIU, Xuegang LUO, Yajian SONG*
Affiliations
  • College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120356
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本研究旨在系统研究槐豆胶(Locust bean gum,LBG)、瓜尔豆胶(Guar gum,GG)及魔芋粉(Konjac flour,KGM)三种植物性来源甘露聚糖对小鼠结肠炎的干预作用及对肠道微生态的影响。分别使用含有2%三种不同甘露聚糖的饲料饲喂小鼠,葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导进行小鼠结肠炎建模,对各组小鼠生理指标进行测定并对肠道微生态多样性进行分析。结果显示三种甘露聚糖不同程度改善了小鼠结肠炎症状,其中瓜尔豆胶效果最为显著,较模型组结肠长度增长20.0%(P<0.01),免疫指数降低22.7%(P<0.01),重度便血数量减少50%。进一步分析显示,瓜尔豆胶干预后结肠炎小鼠IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α炎症因子水平分别降低了26.8%(P<0.05)、48.9%(P<0.001)和60.0%(P<0.001),IL-10水平提高了33.3%(P<0.01),短链脂肪酸(Short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)尤其丁酸含量提高(P<0.05)。16S微生物多样性测序揭示了三种甘露聚糖对肠道菌群结构具有不同的调控作用。魔芋粉对恢复肠道微生态多样性有积极作用。瓜尔豆胶对norank_f_Muribaculaceae、Enterorhabdus、Ruminococcus等属的多个分类操作单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)具有显著的上调或下调作用,这些OTUs与炎症相关指标呈显著相关性或所属菌属被报道与短链脂肪酸产生和结肠炎具有密切关系。本研究揭示了瓜尔豆胶在预防和辅助治疗结肠炎中的潜在价值,阐释了其对肠道微生态调控在这一过程中的重要意义,对相关功能食品开发具有重要指导意义。

结肠炎  /  甘露聚糖  /  瓜尔豆胶  /  肠道菌群  /  炎症因子

The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of three plant-derived mannans, locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum (GG) and konjac flour (KGM), on colitis and intestinal microecology in mice. Mice were fed with feed containing 2% three different mannans, and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce colitis. The physiological indexes of mice in each group were measured and the intestinal microbiota was analyzed. The results demonstrated that three mannans ameliorated colitis symptoms in mice to varying degrees, with guar gum exhibiting the most significant effects. Compared to the model group, guar gum intervention increased colon length by 20.0% (P<0.01), reduced the immune index by 22.7% (P<0.01), and decreased the number of mice with severe bloody stools by 50%. Further analysis revealed that guar gum significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α by 26.8% (P<0.05), 48.9% (P<0.001) and 60.0% (P<0.001), respectively. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased by 33.3% (P<0.01). Additionally, guar gum markedly elevated the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate (P<0.05). 16S Microbial diversity sequencing revealed that the three mannans had different regulatory effects on the structure of intestinal flora. KGM had a positive effect on improving intestinal microecological diversity. Guar gum had a significant effect on regulating multiple operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Enterorhabdus, Ruminococcus and other genera. These OTUs were significantly correlated with inflammation-related indicators or genera they belonged to have been reported to be closely related to short-chain fatty acid production and colitis. This study revealed the potential value of guar gum in the prevention and adjuvant treatment of colitis and the effect of intestinal microecology regulation in this process, which would benefit on the development of related functional foods.

colitis  /  mannans  /  guar gum  /  gut microbiota  /  inflammatory factors
张珈宁, 刘雨馨, 董翔, 甄学微, 刘心可, 罗学刚, 宋亚囝. 三种甘露聚糖对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠及其肠道微生态的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 410 -419 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120356
Jianing ZHANG, Yuxin LIU, Xiang DONG, Xuewei ZHEN, Xinke LIU, Xuegang LUO, Yajian SONG. Effect of Three Types of Mannans on DSS Induced Colitis Mice and Its Intestinal Microbiota[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 410 -419 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120356
结肠炎是一种慢性免疫介导性肠道疾病[1],以其复发性高和治疗难度大而著称,全球范围内的发病率和流行率不断攀升[2−3]。尽管结肠炎的确切病因尚未完全阐明,但已有研究揭示了遗传、饮食、肠黏膜屏障损伤、免疫屏障作用和肠道微生物失调等多种因素相互作用导致了疾病的发生和发展[4−5]。已有研究报道,膳食纤维可以改善肠道微生物的组成,提高短链脂肪酸的水平,抑制相关炎症因子的表达,增强肠道屏障功能,在改善结肠炎症状方面发挥积极作用[6]。
β-甘露聚糖作为一种膳食纤维,主要来源于植物[7],例如魔芋、椰子、海藻以及豆类等。槐豆胶(Locust bean gum,LBG)、瓜尔豆胶(Guar gum,GG)和魔芋粉(Konjac flour,KGM)作为常见的β-甘露聚糖,因其特殊的结构和理化性质在食品工业中扮演着重要的角色。槐豆胶和瓜尔豆胶均是天然的半乳甘露聚糖,且因其高黏度和良好的稳定性被广泛用作增稠剂、乳化剂和稳定剂[8−9]。槐豆胶和瓜尔豆胶均是主链以β-1,4糖苷键相互连接的甘露糖,支链是单个半乳糖通过α-1,6糖苷键与甘露糖主链相连接的结构。槐豆胶结构中主链甘露糖与侧链半乳糖的比例约为4:1,瓜尔豆胶结构中主链甘露糖与侧链半乳糖的比例为2:1,因此瓜尔豆胶比槐豆胶有更大的黏度。魔芋粉不仅是一种食品原料,也能作为一种食品添加剂被广泛使用,作为一种葡甘露聚糖,其主链由葡萄糖与甘露糖通过β-1,4-糖苷键相连[10−12]。研究发现,槐豆胶、瓜尔豆胶和魔芋粉均有促进肠道蠕动、调节血糖水平和降低胆固醇含量等功能[13−15]。此外,本团队前期研究已经发现[16],三种甘露聚糖对高脂饮食小鼠糖脂代谢有不同的干预能力,均能有效降低高脂小鼠体内与结肠炎相关的肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平。尽管已有研究证实魔芋粉可显著减轻DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的结肠病理损伤,降低炎症因子水平,并增加有益菌的丰度[17]。但关于瓜尔豆胶和槐豆胶对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠的影响研究相对较少,且目前尚未有研究对这三种甘露聚糖在结肠炎小鼠模型中的作用进行比较分析。
基于此,本研究通过建立葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型,首次系统比较三种不同的甘露聚糖——槐豆胶、瓜尔豆胶和魔芋粉对其的干预效果,包括对便血情况、免疫指数、结肠长度、结肠组织损伤、短链脂肪酸含量以及炎症因子水平的影响。此外,通过16S rRNA测序评估三种甘露聚糖对小鼠肠道微生物组成的影响,以进一步探索肠道微生态调控在结肠炎干预中的作用机制,为膳食纤维的精准化应用提供理论依据。
C57BL/6雄性小鼠(7周龄,体重19~21 g) 斯贝福生物技术有限公司(许可号:SCXK(京)2019-0010);槐豆胶(Locust bean gum,LBG) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;瓜尔豆胶(Guar gum,GG) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;魔芋粉(Konjac flour,KGM) 合肥博美生物科技有限责任公司;葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium,DSS) 美国MP Biomedicals公司;血清白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒 中国索莱宝科技有限公司;短链脂肪酸(Short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)标品 上海麦克林生化有限公司;E.Z.N.A.® soil DNA提取试剂盒 美国Omega公司。
Agilent 7890A气相色谱仪 美国Agilent公司;FA1104N分析天平 北京海天友诚科技有限公司;SpectraMax 190酶标仪 Molecular Devices公司;MIKRO 220R高速冷冻离心机 德国Hettich公司;DZKW-D-4电热恒温水浴锅 北京市永光明医疗仪器厂。
本研究选用7周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠共40只,体重范围19~21 g。小鼠被饲养在控制环境(温度维持在25±3 ℃,湿度控制在45%±5%)中,接受12 h光照和12 h黑暗循环,并自由进食和饮水。经过1周的适应期后,小鼠被随机分配至5个实验组:对照组(NC)、模型组(M)、槐豆胶组(LBG)、瓜尔豆胶组(GG)和魔芋粉组(KGM)。对照组小鼠维持正常饮食和无菌水供应4周。在前期文献调研和预实验基础上[18−19],在实验最后一周用2.5% DSS溶液自由饮水处理以诱导小鼠结肠炎,实验组小鼠在饲料中分别添加2%槐豆胶、瓜尔豆胶或魔芋粉,旨在评估这些聚糖对结肠炎的预防和治疗效果[16](图1)。实验期间,各组每日供给无菌水及2.5% DSS溶液各100 mL,标准饲料50 g,进行每日更换。此外,每日观察小鼠的粪便性状、潜血、便血情况对每只小鼠便血的程度分级:无便血(成形粪便且无隐血)、轻度便血(松散粪便伴有点状血迹且有隐血)、重度便血(稀便伴有大量出血或血性腹泻)。实验结束时,小鼠经断颈法处死,随后眼眶取血并进行离心分离血清。在解剖过程中,记录每只小鼠的脾脏重量,后续通过计算每只小鼠的脾重(mg)/小鼠体重(g)得出小鼠的免疫指数。同时测量结肠长度,并收集盲肠内容物、结肠、结肠内容物等组织样本,随后将这些样本保存于−80 ℃条件下。本研究经天津科技大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:SWKJ-20230810039)。
在解剖小鼠时,小心取出距肛门长度精确控制在1 cm以内的结肠组织。随后,将组织样本固定于10%甲醛溶液中,以保持其形态并进行石蜡包埋处理。组织块被切片至4 μm厚度,并进行苏木素-伊红(Hematoxylin & Eosin,H&E)染色以突出组织结构。染色后的切片滴加树胶并覆盖盖玻片以完成封片。最终,将封片后的结肠组织切片置于荧光正置显微镜下,观察并记录其组织病理学特征。
收集的血液样本首先在室温下静置30 min以促进血液凝固。随后,样本以4000 r/min的速度离心10 min,以分离血清。离心后,吸取上层血清,并转移至−80 ℃的低温冰箱中保存,以确保其稳定性。根据试剂盒说明书测定血清中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平。
小鼠结肠内容物中的SCFA采用气相色谱仪Agilent 7890A测定。具体处理为:取200 mg结肠内容物与1 mL无菌水涡旋混匀,使其完全混匀。使用离心机12000 r/min,4 ℃条件下离心15 min,转移上清液到新的无菌EP管中,加入10%硫酸100 μL,涡旋混匀5 min,后加入1 mL的乙酸乙酯继续涡旋混匀5 min,12000 r/min,4 ℃ 离心20 min后取800 μL上清液于棕色密闭气相瓶中,于4 ℃冰箱备用。
样品采用HP-5聚乙二醇色谱柱(30 m×320 μm×0.25 μm)分离。进样量为1 μL,分流比为1:1,进样温度为250 ℃。色谱柱温度初始设定为90 ℃保持6 min,然后以10 ℃/min的速率提高到200 ℃,然后保持该温度6 min。载气流量为2 mL/min。FID检测器温度保持在250 ℃,氢气流量30 mL/min,空气流量300 mL/min。
收集C57/BL6小鼠的结肠内容物,称取0.1 g预先冻存的结肠内容物,使用E.Z.N.A.® soil DNA提取试剂盒提取微生物基因组DNA。采用QuantiFluor™-ST蓝色荧光定量系统对DNA浓度进行检测,并通过2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证小鼠结肠内容物的质量。使用引物338F(5’-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’)和806R(5’-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’)对细菌16S rRNA基因的V3-V4 高变区进行总基因组DNA的扩增,扩增条件为95 ℃预变性3 min,27个循环(95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s),然后72 ℃稳定延伸10 min,最后在4 ℃进行保存。产物在美吉生物云(https://cloud.majorbio.com/)上根据其标准方案进行高通量测序和生物信息学分析。
本研究中所有的统计分析均采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行。数据以“平均值±标准差”(Mean±Standard deviation,SD)的形式呈现,使用单因素方差分析数据的显著性(One-way analysis of variance,ANOVA),使用斯皮尔曼相关系数(Spearman)计算两组数据的相关性程度,所有统计分析仅限于各组与模型组之间的比较。P<0.05表示结果具有统计学差异,P<0.01表示结果具有显著差异,P<0.001表示结果具有极显著差异。
DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠由于肠道黏膜的损伤、血管通透性增加以及免疫反应的激活会出现便血、结肠长度缩短和免疫指数升高等病理变化[20]。因此本研究考察了各组小鼠的便血程度、结肠长度和免疫指数,以评价三种甘露聚糖对DSS诱导小鼠结肠炎的干预作用。各组小鼠便血情况如图2A所示,正常组无便血情况出现,模型组便血情况最为严重。三种甘露聚糖均对小鼠便血有缓解作用,其中瓜尔豆胶的干预作用最为显著,可使严重便血小鼠占比减少50%,无便血小鼠占比增加25%。相比之下,魔芋粉和槐豆胶干预效果不及瓜尔豆胶。各组小鼠结肠长度如图2B所示,模型组小鼠的结肠平均长度极显著短于正常组(P<0.001),三种甘露聚糖干预均能不同程度地缓解结肠缩短的情况,其中以瓜尔豆胶干预组效果最为显著,较模型组结肠长度增长20.0%(P<0.01),其次为魔芋粉,较模型组结肠长度增长18.4%(P<0.05)。各组小鼠免疫指数如图2C所示,模型组免疫指数极显著高于正常组(P<0.001),瓜尔豆胶和魔芋粉均能显著抑制DSS诱导结肠炎过程中引起的免疫指数升高,其中瓜尔豆胶干预效果更强,免疫指数较模型组降低22.7%(P<0.01),其次为魔芋粉,较模型组降低21.3%(P<0.05),槐豆胶组较模型组降低14.8%(P>0.05),无统计学差异。
进一步通过组织染色观察各组小鼠结肠上皮结构(图2D),与正常组相比,模型组显示出显著的结肠上皮结构破坏,包括隐窝结构的消失和杯状细胞的明显减少,同时伴随着大量炎性细胞的浸润和黏膜下层的炎症性肿胀。三种聚糖干预组中均可以观察到对上述组织损伤的缓解作用。而瓜尔豆胶处理组的结肠组织显示出更接近正常结构的特征,表明其在保护结肠上皮结构和减少炎症细胞浸润方面的作用。上述结果说明,三种聚糖对DSS诱导结肠炎过程中导致的结肠结构破坏有缓解作用,其中瓜尔豆胶效果最为显著。
DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠由于肠道损伤会导致紧密连接蛋白减少和血浆脂多糖水平上升,增加了肠道通透性,促使细菌和内毒素激活免疫反应,通常表现出IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α等炎症因子水平的升高和抗炎细胞因子IL-10的水平降低[21−23]。本研究对各组小鼠血清中的炎症因子进行了定量分析。如图3所示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠血清中的IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平极显著升高(P<0.001),而IL-10水平极显著降低(P<0.001)。与模型组相比,聚糖干预组均改变了某些炎症因子的水平。瓜尔豆胶干预组小鼠在IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平上较模型组分别降低了26.8%(P<0.05)、48.9%(P<0.001)和60.0%(P<0.001),IL-10水平提高了33.3%(P<0.01);魔芋粉处理的小鼠在IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平上分别降低了26.5%(P<0.05)、21.4%(P<0.01)和43.4%(P<0.001),IL-10水平提高了23.9%(P<0.05);槐豆胶干预组小鼠IL-6和TNF-α水平分别降低了25.2%(P<0.05)和44.9%(P<0.001),IL-10水平提高了20.1%(P<0.05)。
本研究对小鼠结肠内容物中的短链脂肪酸(包括乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸)进行了定量分析。如图4所示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠的上述SCFAs含量降低,而三种甘露聚糖的干预对小鼠肠道内上述短链脂肪酸含量产生了不同的影响。瓜尔豆胶干预组所有检测的短链脂肪酸水平都高于模型组,其中丁酸、异丁酸和异戊酸三种含量变化具有统计学差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),丁酸含量接近而异丁酸和异戊酸的含量甚至超过了正常组的水平。此外,魔芋粉组在异戊酸含量上的提升表现出了显著效果(P<0.01),而槐豆胶在提升短链脂肪酸含量的水平上效果并不明显。
肠道微生物可以发酵膳食纤维产生短链脂肪酸,不仅为肠道上皮细胞提供必需能量,还有助于维护肠道屏障的完整性,调节局部免疫反应,并具有抗炎功效[24−25]。其中,丁酸作为一种短链脂肪酸,能够激活GPR43/GPR109A受体通路,抑制NF-κB信号转导,从而降低TNF-α、IL-6等促炎因子表达,同时上调抗炎因子IL-10生成,丁酸还能作为结肠上皮细胞主要能量源,通过增强紧密连接蛋白(Occludin,ZO-1)表达改善肠道通透性[26]。因此,肠道内短链脂肪酸水平提高很可能是瓜尔豆胶具有缓解结肠炎能力的重要原因,而这个过程与肠道菌群的干预作用密切相关。
采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术进一步研究了三种聚糖对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠肠道微生物群落的影响。α多样性分析显示(图5A~D),模型组Chao1指数与正常组相比下降,结果具有统计学差异(P<0.05),说明DSS处理降低了小鼠肠道微生物的丰富度。魔芋粉干预组这些指标接近正常水平,说明魔芋粉对肠道微生物丰富度有促进作用。槐豆胶组和瓜尔豆胶组肠道微生物多样性较模型组未见提升,甚至较模型组有下降趋势,表现为Simpson指数的升高。进一步采用主坐标分析(PcoA)法对不同组之间肠道菌群结构的差异进行分析。如图5E所示,正常组和模型组样本分布有明显的分离,各聚糖处理组之间及与模型组均显示出一定差异。
进一步分析了不同分类水平上各组间的微生物组成差异。在门水平上(图5F),各组中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)均占主导地位。与正常组相比,模型组拟杆菌门相对丰度升高,槐豆胶和魔芋粉的干预可以使该门的相对丰度恢复至接近正常组水平,而瓜尔豆胶没有显著干预作用。槐豆胶和魔芋粉可能通过抑制拟杆菌门过度增殖间接调节菌群平衡。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的增加被认为是肠道微生态失调和肠道炎症风险的诊断标志[27],模型组中该门丰度升高,槐豆胶干预后变形菌门高于模型组,魔芋粉干预后对该门丰度无较大影响,因此槐豆胶和魔芋粉干预组无改善作用,但瓜尔豆胶干预可使变形菌门丰度降低至接近正常组的水平。三种聚糖干预均能增加疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的相对丰度,该菌门定植于肠道黏膜内层,其通过基因组编码的糖苷水解酶、硫酸酯酶等酶系,可有效分解多糖类物质,并为宿主提供能量和短链脂肪酸。疣微菌门丰度降低与肥胖、2型糖尿病、炎症性肠病等多种疾病相关,而其中的嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)可以通过提高黏蛋白(如MUC2)的表达和增加黏液层厚度,改善肠道黏膜的完整性,同时促进调节性T细胞(Tregs)的分化,抑制促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的分泌,并增加抗炎细胞因子IL-10的表达,从而缓解结肠炎[28]。在其他水平(纲目科属)上,观察到微生物组成在不同处理条件下的丰度变化(附图S1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版),表明三种甘露聚糖对肠道微生物群落具有显著调节作用。
与正常组相比,模型组有些OTU水平出现了显著的上调或下调,而三种甘露聚糖干预表现出对这些变化的显著逆转作用,图6总结和展示了这些OTU(131-401)在不同组间的丰度和变化情况,表1分析了这些OTU与环境因子(结肠长度、IL-10、免疫指数、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α)的相关性。
OTU443、OTU381与所有环境因子的相关性均具有统计学意义,与结肠长度及抗炎因子IL-10呈正相关性,与免疫因子及促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α呈负相关性。OTU443属于norank_f_Muribaculaceae属,而norank_f_Muribaculaceae是一种在健康人群中发现的肠道微生物,参与丁酸盐代谢和色氨酸代谢,可以产生短链脂肪酸,减轻结肠炎,抑制有害细菌和氧化应激,改善肠粘膜炎症[29−30]。而OTU381属于Enterorhabdus属,被认为是一种与结肠炎保护作用密切相关的菌[31−32]。瓜尔豆胶干预后均能显著提高这两个OTU的相对丰度(P<0.001,P<0.01)(图7A~B)。
OTU367与结肠长度和IL-10呈负相关,与IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α呈正相关,属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)。该属于变形菌门中的肠杆菌科,在结肠炎患者中增加,能在粘膜炎症中获得能量的竞争优势,加剧结肠炎的发展[33−34];OTU333与结肠长度和IL-10呈负相关,与免疫指数、IL-1β和TNF-α呈正相关,该OTU注释为酸性拟杆菌(Bacteroides acidifaciens)。研究显示,B. acidifaciens在结肠炎小鼠模型中丰度显著增加,且口服高剂量B. acidifaciens的小鼠结肠炎症状更严重[35]。OTU327、OTU241和OTU390也与多项炎症相关指标有相关性,经注释分别属于梭菌属UCG-014类群(norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014)、罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)和梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1),均属厚壁菌门,据报道三菌属均在结肠炎小鼠肠道内有明显富集,可能导致肠道炎症[36]。瓜尔豆胶的干预能减少上述OTU(367、333、327、241、390)的相对丰度(图7C~G),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,本研究发现三种聚糖干预均能显著降低与TNF-α呈正相关性的OTU368的相对丰度(P<0.001,P<0.01)(图7H),而OTU368属于Colidextribacter属,是一种典型的病原菌,其产生的炎性代谢物可加剧炎症反应[37]。
部分OTU在正常组和模型组之间没有显著差异,但三种甘露聚糖对其显示出了特异性的调节作用(图6,OTU219-260),其中一些OTU被报道与肠道炎症有关。例如:瓜尔豆胶上调了其中OTU290和OTU374的相对丰度(P<0.001,P<0.05)。OTU290被注释为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),据报道能产生几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶等抗菌蛋白,抑制某些细菌引起的炎症[38]。OTU374属于瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus),该属一些成员已被证明可以通过发酵膳食纤维产生丁酸,有助于维持肠道屏障功能,增强肠道上皮细胞的完整性,从而对结肠炎有保护作用,在结肠炎患者中,该属丰度显著降低[39−40]。槐豆胶上调了OTU416的相对丰度(P<0.05),该OTU属于Butyricimonas属,该属成员也具有丁酸产生能力[41]。魔芋粉极显著上调了其中OTU308的相对丰度(P<0.001),OTU308属于粘螺菌属(Mucispirillum)中的谢氏粘螺菌(Mucispirillum schaedleri),被报道可以防止鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清型诱导的结肠炎[42]。
本研究深入探讨了槐豆胶、瓜尔豆胶和魔芋粉对DSS诱导结肠炎小鼠模型的干预作用,发现瓜尔豆胶在减轻结肠炎症状、改善结肠组织损伤、抑制炎症因子分泌、促进短链脂肪酸产生等方面均表现出显著优势。相比之下,魔芋粉和槐豆胶虽然也显示出一定的积极作用,但在效果上不及瓜尔豆胶。肠道菌群分析显示,魔芋粉在恢复DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的肠道微生物丰富度方面表现出积极作用,相反瓜尔豆胶对微生物丰富度反而有负面影响。然而,瓜尔豆胶对特定微生物类群的靶向调控显示出与结肠炎的显著关联性。这些微生物类群分别可能缓解或促进炎症。同时,瓜尔豆胶可以显著提高肠道内Ruminococcus属和Muribaculaceae属一些成员的相对丰度,这些菌群已被广泛报道具有丁酸等短链脂肪酸的产生能力。
综上,瓜尔豆胶在预防和辅助治疗结肠炎中具有潜在价值,同时不同结构甘露聚糖可以通过对肠道微生物的特异性调控对宿主生理特征产生不同程度的影响。然而,不同结构甘露聚糖对宿主和肠道菌群的差异化调控机制尚不明确,在未来研究中可采用多组学联合分析技术对这一过程进行进一步的解析。通过宏基因组测序等技术明确不同结构多糖干预如何引起多糖降解相关菌群的差异化响应和其他肠道菌群的级联反应,并对这一过程中关键微生物的酶系和代谢通路进行分析,通过代谢组和转录组分析技术明确关键代谢产物差异及对宿主信号转导及代谢通路造成的影响,从而为阐释甘露聚糖通过“菌群-代谢-宿主”轴影响机体健康的分子机制提供新视角,也将为功能型膳食纤维产品的开发提供理论依据。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120356
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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    天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津 300457

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宋亚囝(1984−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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