Article(id=1320882461987418279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120325, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735142400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852519747, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852519747, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852519747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852519747, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=215, endPage=225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882462272630952, articleId=1320882461987418279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=High-throughput Bioinformatics Analysis of β-D-Fructofuranosidase within β-1,3-/α-1,3-Glucan Synthetic Pathway of Rhizobium pusense, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on genomic annotation information, this study aimed to explore the β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan synthetic pathway of Rhizobium pusense. It focused on the action mechanism and potential catalytic efficiency of β-D-fructofuranosidase, the key enzyme in the first step of this synthetic pathway. High-throughput bioinformatic statistical and comparative analysis was conducted by targeting and mining data of β-D-fructofuranosidase from other microbial sources. The results indicated that the sequence and structure of β-D-fructofuranosidase from Rhizobium pusense showed a high degree of similarity and conservation. It was clarified that the key sites Tyr196 and Asp257 in its active site played a crucial role in catalyzing the substrate. Through high - throughput targeted mining of the database, it was found that among the microorganisms with potential β-D-fructofuranosidase expression, there were 6007 bacterial sources and 746 fungal sources. Among them, the β-D-fructofuranosidase of the representative bacterial strain Francisella tularensis OHARA and the fungal strain Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289 had relatively high potential catalytic efficiencies, which were 10.73 and 27.40 L·mol−1·s−1 respectively. Further analysis suggested that differences in the size of the active cavity space and the bottleneck radius of β-D-fructofuranosidase from different sources were one of the reasons for the differences in their catalytic efficiencies. This study provides an important basis for a profound understanding of the synthesis mechanism of β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan in Rhizobium pusense. It also lays the foundation for the development and utilization of other microbial resources for the efficient fermentation production of β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan, and is of great significance for promoting the development of related fields.

, authors=Enxiang ZONG1, Jinghui LAI1, Mengqi DAI1, Lei ZHAO1, Kan ZHAO1, Siyuan NIU1, Youqiang XU1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Enxiang ZONG, Jinghui LAI, Mengqi DAI, Lei ZHAO, Kan ZHAO, Siyuan NIU, Youqiang XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Youqiang XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882465527410869, articleId=1320882461987418279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=普沙根瘤菌β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径关键酶β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的高通量生物信息学分析, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究基于基因组注释信息,探讨普沙根瘤菌的β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径,重点关注该合成途径中第一步关键酶β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶作用机制和潜在催化效率,通过靶向挖掘其他微生物源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶数据进行高通量生物信息学统计对比分析。结果表明普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的序列和结构具有高度的相似性和保守性,其活性区域关键位点Tyr196和Asp257对催化底物起到重要作用。经数据库高通量靶向挖掘,发现含有潜在表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的微生物中细菌源6007株、真菌源746株。其中,代表性细菌菌株Francisella tularensis OHARA和真菌菌株Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化效率相对较高,分别为10.73和27.40 L·mol−1·s−1。进一步分析表明,不同来源的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶活性腔体空间大小、瓶颈半径的差别是导致其催化效率存在差异的原因之一。本研究为深入理解普沙根瘤菌β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的合成机制提供了重要依据,也为开发利用其他微生物资源高效发酵生产β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖奠定了基础,对推动相关领域的发展具有重要意义。

, authors=宗恩祥1, 赖鲸慧1, 代梦琦1, 赵蕾1, 赵衎1, 牛思远1, 徐友强1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=宗恩祥, 赖鲸慧, 代梦琦, 赵蕾, 赵衎, 牛思远, 徐友强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐友强, authorNote=

宗恩祥(1996−),男,博士研究生,研究方向:酿造微生物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐友强(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:传统发酵食品重要风味与功能因子生成机制,E-mail:。
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LWT, 2024, 193: 115763., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882465758097590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882465766486199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, companyId=1320882465758097590, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882465774874808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, companyId=1320882465758097590, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882465841983673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882465850372282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, companyId=1320882465841983673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882465858760891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, companyId=1320882465841983673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京工商大学老年营养与健康教育部重点实验室,北京 100048)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882465955229884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882465963618493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, companyId=1320882465955229884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882465972007102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, companyId=1320882465955229884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3北京工商大学中国轻工业酿酒分子工程重点实验室,北京 100048)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882470623490286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Analysis of the pathway for synthesis of β-1,3/α-1,3-glucan from sucrose metabolism of Rhizobium pusense, figureFileSmall=8Vxq0XVvTS1j2ri2teDwPA==, figureFileBig=cGTpu8HppJE7aRBRF1LRHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882470698987759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=图1, caption=普沙根瘤菌转化蔗糖代谢合成β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖途径分析

注:每步反应潜在催化酶分别为:Step1,β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶EC 3.2.1.26,protein id:QKJ90362.1;Step2,6-磷酸葡萄糖磷酸酶EC 2.7.1.2,protein id:QKJ92221.1;Step3,磷酸葡糖变构酶EC 5.4.2.2,protein id:QKJ93582.1;Step4,UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶EC 2.7.7.9,protein id:QKJ93184.1;Step5,α-1,3-葡聚糖合成酶EC 2.4.1.183,protein id:无注释,β-1,3-葡聚糖合成酶EC 2.4.1.34,protein id:无注释

, figureFileSmall=8Vxq0XVvTS1j2ri2teDwPA==, figureFileBig=cGTpu8HppJE7aRBRF1LRHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882470908702960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparative analysis of β-D-fructofuranosidase sequences from Rhizobium pusense, figureFileSmall=gD7iP6l0ZC5XvRwfi2g7zw==, figureFileBig=gEQGQDiWTV+e00P81Jv73A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882471000977649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=图2, caption=普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶序列对比分析, figureFileSmall=gD7iP6l0ZC5XvRwfi2g7zw==, figureFileBig=gEQGQDiWTV+e00P81Jv73A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882471072280818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Analysis of the structure and catalytic mechanism of β-D-fructofuranosidase from Rhizobium pusense, figureFileSmall=wL0YjY+ZSj72GNTOdZEHbA==, figureFileBig=mPuzJtnxAfRxaZrKgN96jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882471168749811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=图3, caption=普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的结构与催化机制分析

注:(a)β-D-呋喃果糖苷核心保守序列三维结构同源建模;(b)建模质量评估;(c)核心保守序列二级拓扑结构;(d)酶活性区域与底物对接分析,i和ii分别为三维和二维对接结果;(e)酶催化底物分子机制分析。

, figureFileSmall=wL0YjY+ZSj72GNTOdZEHbA==, figureFileBig=mPuzJtnxAfRxaZrKgN96jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882471240052980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Sequence alignment analysis of β-D-fructofuranoside active centers, figureFileSmall=5j+MeU0y5nzp+VOyrLku0g==, figureFileBig=ruCO6a58M5wX4yngveKkfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882472905191669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=图4, caption=序列比对分析β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶活性中心

注:选用MDR6188921序列中的572个核心保守区段同蛋白质结构数据库中的PDB编号分别为7VCO、7BWC、6S1T、5ANN、3WPY、3VSS、3U75、3PIJ、2OXB的9个β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶序列对比分析;红框表示氨基酸残基高保守序列区域;*表示对比分析该酶序列位于“5叶”β螺旋区域处高度保守位点。

, figureFileSmall=5j+MeU0y5nzp+VOyrLku0g==, figureFileBig=ruCO6a58M5wX4yngveKkfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882473035215094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Distribution of β-D-fructofuranosidase in microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) included in NCBI database, figureFileSmall=c1rmgxSpgnll1H8Q8TNM2g==, figureFileBig=Gcl3uEEgjCV7aveuwnoqnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882473190404343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NCBI数据库收录具有β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶在微生物(细菌、真菌)中的分布

注:(a)门水平分布频率;(b)、(c)分别为细菌、真菌种水平分布频率top10;(d)、(e)分别为细菌、真菌源种水平top10中代表性菌株。

, figureFileSmall=c1rmgxSpgnll1H8Q8TNM2g==, figureFileBig=Gcl3uEEgjCV7aveuwnoqnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882473291067640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Structural comparison of β-D-fructofuranosidases from different microbial sources, figureFileSmall=l+0DRZzBuHhzveNQxpymbQ==, figureFileBig=YawB5K+FQF5M7Zj8G9qKsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882473387536633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同微生物源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的结构比较

注:(a)三种代表性微生物β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶序列结构叠式分析;(b)三种代表性微生物酶活性腔体结构分析。

, figureFileSmall=l+0DRZzBuHhzveNQxpymbQ==, figureFileBig=YawB5K+FQF5M7Zj8G9qKsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882473454645498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Potential catalytic properties of β-D-fructofuranosidase derived from other microorganisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株序列IDkcat (s−1)Km (mol·L−1)kcat/Km(L·mol−1·s−1)
普沙根瘤菌源菌株
Rhizobium pusense CC134MBP2610697.197.8719.904.92
Rhizobium pusense CCGM10OJH54235.199.2920.224.91
Rhizobium pusense CCGM11OJH58622.199.2920.224.91
Rhizobium pusense SORGH_AS_1083MDR6188921.1109.3219.865.51
Rhizobium pusense NRCPB10OOO21329.199.8120.924.77
Rhizobium pusense LMG 25623SDE29890.199.8120.924.77
细菌源代表性菌株
Enterococcus faecium VRE006XIQ57400.1103.2313.307.76
Enterococcus faecium VRE010XIQ45802.1103.2313.307.76
Enterococcus faecium VRE029XIP94265.1103.2313.307.76
Klebsiella pneumoniae UCI118OUI64186.1140.2528.924.85
Klebsiella pneumoniae UCI115OUI54309.1149.9530.574.91
Klebsiella pneumoniae UCI116OUI44743.1139.0926.465.26
Streptococcus pneumoniae ND6097CTM86144.1135.3531.864.25
Streptococcus pneumoniae 46CKD91712.1130.7551.842.52
Streptococcus pneumoniae 22421ODJ76475.1122.1527.464.45
Enterobacter hormaechei NCTC 9394CBK84909.164.9918.603.49
Enterobacter hormaechei NCTC13405STP67288.175.1023.993.13
Enterobacter hormaechei NCTC e811SAG93547.173.9221.073.51
Bifidobacterium longum Jih1BCB69039.1124.0725.064.95
Bifidobacterium longum APC1464PKD09525.1119.1025.974.59
Bifidobacterium longum DPC6321PKC77516.1114.5223.244.93
Francisella tularensis FDAARGOS_247PNM29108.173.1811.196.54
Francisella tularensis OHARAOCQ69246.1105.789.8610.73
Francisella tularensis 15NIIEGQQL42852.1113.2910.8510.44
Bacillus anthracis BA20200413YYXKO78226.1113.7546.292.46
Bacillus anthracis IAL 52XHE07578.1113.7546.292.46
Bacillus anthracis MH-JJXIE20426.1113.7546.292.46
Bacillus cereus MB1UTO41323.1130.7561.672.12
Bacillus cereus I32TKJ08114.1133.2351.292.60
Bacillus cereus I1TEX15508.1130.7561.672.12
Vibrio crassostreae 16SF1_87ROP20739.1132.2333.453.95
Vibrio crassostreae 8H1_4ROO55791.187.6843.012.04
Vibrio crassostreae SOB1_3TWD33539.1132.2333.453.95
Enterococcus faecalis VTM1R91SDN37709.1111.3719.415.74
Enterococcus faecalis M7ELA04915.1109.3922.244.92
Enterococcus faecalis OG1XELA02140.1109.3922.244.92
真菌源代表性菌株
Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24230AFP98791.1179.388.3821.40
Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC MYA-131ACL79833.1165.308.6419.14
Phaffia rhodozyma taxon 2644835O47_A184.208.5621.51
Fusarium oxysporum Fo4287KAJ9427098.168.334.7514.37
Fusarium oxysporum 54008EXL73886.175.064.5716.41
Fusarium oxysporum NRRL 32931EWZ01227.172.334.6615.53
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1014KAJ1545737.172.9211.326.44
Saccharomyces cerevisiae EM93KAJ1535746.168.7612.925.32
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kagoshima no. 2GAX71838.182.2612.636.51
Claviceps purpurea Clav04KAG6317355.196.2215.846.07
Claviceps purpurea Clav26KAG6312956.1103.9916.806.19
Claviceps purpurea Clav46KAG6294402.1100.1613.947.19
Aspergillus niger taxon 5061BAB67771.1183.6910.0018.36
Aspergillus niger IBT10sbAAC08047.1156.049.8515.85
Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88CAK45778.1181.048.2421.97
Rhodotorula dairenensis CECT 1416QFG75712.189.9110.338.70
Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289XP_023436866.180.692.9427.40
Fusarium fujikuroi E282SCN98742.195.173.9024.40
Fusarium fujikuroi FSU48SCV49301.195.173.9024.40
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii KN99AUB23796.185.947.0512.19
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Bt63OXM80191.1130.624.8626.89
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii CM64OXH72680.1130.624.8526.94
Fusarium proliferatum MPVP 328KAG4285994.179.264.8716.26
Fusarium proliferatum KF3377KAG4268311.1101.824.8421.05
Fusarium proliferatum ITEM 2341RBA20836.1100.435.2119.27
Colletotrichum siamense Cg363KAF5517067.175.983.1024.53
Colletotrichum siamense CAD1KAF4876674.178.664.2718.42
Colletotrichum siamense CAD4KAF4848634.183.063.7422.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320882473538531579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882461987418279, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同微生物来源的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株序列IDkcat (s−1)Km (mol·L−1)kcat/Km(L·mol−1·s−1)
普沙根瘤菌源菌株
Rhizobium pusense CC134MBP2610697.197.8719.904.92
Rhizobium pusense CCGM10OJH54235.199.2920.224.91
Rhizobium pusense CCGM11OJH58622.199.2920.224.91
Rhizobium pusense SORGH_AS_1083MDR6188921.1109.3219.865.51
Rhizobium pusense NRCPB10OOO21329.199.8120.924.77
Rhizobium pusense LMG 25623SDE29890.199.8120.924.77
细菌源代表性菌株
Enterococcus faecium VRE006XIQ57400.1103.2313.307.76
Enterococcus faecium VRE010XIQ45802.1103.2313.307.76
Enterococcus faecium VRE029XIP94265.1103.2313.307.76
Klebsiella pneumoniae UCI118OUI64186.1140.2528.924.85
Klebsiella pneumoniae UCI115OUI54309.1149.9530.574.91
Klebsiella pneumoniae UCI116OUI44743.1139.0926.465.26
Streptococcus pneumoniae ND6097CTM86144.1135.3531.864.25
Streptococcus pneumoniae 46CKD91712.1130.7551.842.52
Streptococcus pneumoniae 22421ODJ76475.1122.1527.464.45
Enterobacter hormaechei NCTC 9394CBK84909.164.9918.603.49
Enterobacter hormaechei NCTC13405STP67288.175.1023.993.13
Enterobacter hormaechei NCTC e811SAG93547.173.9221.073.51
Bifidobacterium longum Jih1BCB69039.1124.0725.064.95
Bifidobacterium longum APC1464PKD09525.1119.1025.974.59
Bifidobacterium longum DPC6321PKC77516.1114.5223.244.93
Francisella tularensis FDAARGOS_247PNM29108.173.1811.196.54
Francisella tularensis OHARAOCQ69246.1105.789.8610.73
Francisella tularensis 15NIIEGQQL42852.1113.2910.8510.44
Bacillus anthracis BA20200413YYXKO78226.1113.7546.292.46
Bacillus anthracis IAL 52XHE07578.1113.7546.292.46
Bacillus anthracis MH-JJXIE20426.1113.7546.292.46
Bacillus cereus MB1UTO41323.1130.7561.672.12
Bacillus cereus I32TKJ08114.1133.2351.292.60
Bacillus cereus I1TEX15508.1130.7561.672.12
Vibrio crassostreae 16SF1_87ROP20739.1132.2333.453.95
Vibrio crassostreae 8H1_4ROO55791.187.6843.012.04
Vibrio crassostreae SOB1_3TWD33539.1132.2333.453.95
Enterococcus faecalis VTM1R91SDN37709.1111.3719.415.74
Enterococcus faecalis M7ELA04915.1109.3922.244.92
Enterococcus faecalis OG1XELA02140.1109.3922.244.92
真菌源代表性菌株
Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC 24230AFP98791.1179.388.3821.40
Phaffia rhodozyma ATCC MYA-131ACL79833.1165.308.6419.14
Phaffia rhodozyma taxon 2644835O47_A184.208.5621.51
Fusarium oxysporum Fo4287KAJ9427098.168.334.7514.37
Fusarium oxysporum 54008EXL73886.175.064.5716.41
Fusarium oxysporum NRRL 32931EWZ01227.172.334.6615.53
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1014KAJ1545737.172.9211.326.44
Saccharomyces cerevisiae EM93KAJ1535746.168.7612.925.32
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kagoshima no. 2GAX71838.182.2612.636.51
Claviceps purpurea Clav04KAG6317355.196.2215.846.07
Claviceps purpurea Clav26KAG6312956.1103.9916.806.19
Claviceps purpurea Clav46KAG6294402.1100.1613.947.19
Aspergillus niger taxon 5061BAB67771.1183.6910.0018.36
Aspergillus niger IBT10sbAAC08047.1156.049.8515.85
Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88CAK45778.1181.048.2421.97
Rhodotorula dairenensis CECT 1416QFG75712.189.9110.338.70
Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289XP_023436866.180.692.9427.40
Fusarium fujikuroi E282SCN98742.195.173.9024.40
Fusarium fujikuroi FSU48SCV49301.195.173.9024.40
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii KN99AUB23796.185.947.0512.19
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Bt63OXM80191.1130.624.8626.89
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii CM64OXH72680.1130.624.8526.94
Fusarium proliferatum MPVP 328KAG4285994.179.264.8716.26
Fusarium proliferatum KF3377KAG4268311.1101.824.8421.05
Fusarium proliferatum ITEM 2341RBA20836.1100.435.2119.27
Colletotrichum siamense Cg363KAF5517067.175.983.1024.53
Colletotrichum siamense CAD1KAF4876674.178.664.2718.42
Colletotrichum siamense CAD4KAF4848634.183.063.7422.22
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普沙根瘤菌β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径关键酶β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的高通量生物信息学分析
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宗恩祥 1 , 赖鲸慧 1 , 代梦琦 1 , 赵蕾 1 , 赵衎 1 , 牛思远 1 , 徐友强 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(1): 215-225
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (1) : 215 -225
普沙根瘤菌β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径关键酶β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的高通量生物信息学分析
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宗恩祥1 , 赖鲸慧1, 代梦琦1, 赵蕾1, 赵衎1, 牛思远1, 徐友强1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048
  • 2北京工商大学老年营养与健康教育部重点实验室,北京 100048
  • 3北京工商大学中国轻工业酿酒分子工程重点实验室,北京 100048
通讯作者:
徐友强(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:传统发酵食品重要风味与功能因子生成机制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

宗恩祥(1996−),男,博士研究生,研究方向:酿造微生物,E-mail:

High-throughput Bioinformatics Analysis of β-D-Fructofuranosidase within β-1,3-/α-1,3-Glucan Synthetic Pathway of Rhizobium pusense
Enxiang ZONG1 , Jinghui LAI1, Mengqi DAI1, Lei ZHAO1, Kan ZHAO1, Siyuan NIU1, Youqiang XU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
  • 2Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120325
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本研究基于基因组注释信息,探讨普沙根瘤菌的β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径,重点关注该合成途径中第一步关键酶β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶作用机制和潜在催化效率,通过靶向挖掘其他微生物源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶数据进行高通量生物信息学统计对比分析。结果表明普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的序列和结构具有高度的相似性和保守性,其活性区域关键位点Tyr196和Asp257对催化底物起到重要作用。经数据库高通量靶向挖掘,发现含有潜在表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的微生物中细菌源6007株、真菌源746株。其中,代表性细菌菌株Francisella tularensis OHARA和真菌菌株Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化效率相对较高,分别为10.73和27.40 L·mol−1·s−1。进一步分析表明,不同来源的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶活性腔体空间大小、瓶颈半径的差别是导致其催化效率存在差异的原因之一。本研究为深入理解普沙根瘤菌β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的合成机制提供了重要依据,也为开发利用其他微生物资源高效发酵生产β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖奠定了基础,对推动相关领域的发展具有重要意义。

普沙根瘤菌  /  β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖  /  合成途径  /  β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶  /  高通量靶向挖掘

Based on genomic annotation information, this study aimed to explore the β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan synthetic pathway of Rhizobium pusense. It focused on the action mechanism and potential catalytic efficiency of β-D-fructofuranosidase, the key enzyme in the first step of this synthetic pathway. High-throughput bioinformatic statistical and comparative analysis was conducted by targeting and mining data of β-D-fructofuranosidase from other microbial sources. The results indicated that the sequence and structure of β-D-fructofuranosidase from Rhizobium pusense showed a high degree of similarity and conservation. It was clarified that the key sites Tyr196 and Asp257 in its active site played a crucial role in catalyzing the substrate. Through high - throughput targeted mining of the database, it was found that among the microorganisms with potential β-D-fructofuranosidase expression, there were 6007 bacterial sources and 746 fungal sources. Among them, the β-D-fructofuranosidase of the representative bacterial strain Francisella tularensis OHARA and the fungal strain Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289 had relatively high potential catalytic efficiencies, which were 10.73 and 27.40 L·mol−1·s−1 respectively. Further analysis suggested that differences in the size of the active cavity space and the bottleneck radius of β-D-fructofuranosidase from different sources were one of the reasons for the differences in their catalytic efficiencies. This study provides an important basis for a profound understanding of the synthesis mechanism of β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan in Rhizobium pusense. It also lays the foundation for the development and utilization of other microbial resources for the efficient fermentation production of β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan, and is of great significance for promoting the development of related fields.

Rhizobium pusense  /  β-1,3/α-1,3-glucan  /  synthetic pathway  /  β-D-fructofuranosidase  /  high throughput targeted mining
宗恩祥, 赖鲸慧, 代梦琦, 赵蕾, 赵衎, 牛思远, 徐友强. 普沙根瘤菌β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径关键酶β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的高通量生物信息学分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 215 -225 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120325
Enxiang ZONG, Jinghui LAI, Mengqi DAI, Lei ZHAO, Kan ZHAO, Siyuan NIU, Youqiang XU. High-throughput Bioinformatics Analysis of β-D-Fructofuranosidase within β-1,3-/α-1,3-Glucan Synthetic Pathway of Rhizobium pusense[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 215 -225 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120325
根据《关于β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖等6种“三新食品”的公告》规定,β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖被增列为一种新食品原料,为其在食品领域的应用提供了法规依据。其生产工艺为:以蔗糖为主要原料,经普沙根瘤菌(Rhizobium pusense,又称Agrobacterium pusense)发酵后,依次进行乙醇沉淀、过滤、离心分离、干燥及粉碎等工序制备而成[1]。β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖(β-1,3-/α-1,3-glucan)是由7个β-1,3-D-葡萄糖和2个α-1,3-葡萄糖经β-(1→3)糖苷键和α-(1→3)糖苷键连接而成的9个重复单元构成主体骨架结构,无毒且具有水溶性的天然胞外葡聚糖[1−3]。由于β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖独特的分子化学结构,主体成分仍然是以β-(1→3)糖苷键链接为核心的线性结构,故在一些研究中仍然称其为β-葡聚糖或β-1,3-葡聚糖[3−4]。但一些天然β-1,3-葡聚糖同时会含有不同程度(1→4)、(1→6)葡萄糖基残基作为支链,整合连接到主体链结构中[5]。
由于β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的高分子化学结构和分子量间具有差异性,使其具有不同的特殊空间构象和理化特性。线性的高分子β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖在水中的溶解性较强,链中存在大量活泼羟基和疏水碳环,使得葡聚糖在水溶液中形成复杂得多构象共存特性[6]。基于其优良的流变学特性和食品安全性,β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖在食品工业中展现出多重应用价值。该物质可作为功能性膳食补充剂,通过改善肠道菌群平衡促进胃肠道健康,其与益生菌鼠李糖乳杆菌复配使用时,可协同增强肠道蠕动功能并改善排便状况[1,7]。在高脂饮食干预研究中,β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖能有效调节脂质代谢,降低肥胖相关指标水平[8]。在食品加工领域,其独特的流变特性使其可作为天然稳定剂和增稠剂,应用于低脂食品质构改良。同时,该多糖构建的水凝胶体系在食品包装材料开发中具有潜力,例如作为活性成分控释载体或智能保鲜膜基质[9−11]。在营养健康领域,该物质通过调节能量代谢和氧化应激通路,可改善运动耐力表现[12]。值得关注的是,虽然β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖在医药领域展现出抗炎、缓解肠粘膜炎等生物活性[13−15],但其作为新食品原料的应用仍需严格遵循食品安全规范,相关药理研究为功能食品开发提供了理论支撑。
目前针对普沙根瘤菌合成β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的研究多集中于发酵条件优化及产物功能验证[1,4],然而其生物合成机制尚未完全解析,特别是从蔗糖底物到目标多糖的代谢途径仍存在关键酶学瓶颈。这制约了菌种代谢工程改造及工业化生产效率的提升。在合成途径中,β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶(β-fructofuranosidase,EC.3.2.1.26)作为关键限速酶,通过催化蔗糖水解为D-葡萄糖和果糖,直接决定了前体底物供应效率[16]。当前研究揭示,该酶存在GH32、GH68、GH100三个进化家族,其中与食品工业密切相关的GH32家族酶具有双结构域特征,其特异性底物结合口袋可精准识别果糖基团,展现出优于其他家族的催化稳定性[17−20]。特别值得注意的是,微生物源(如霉菌、酵母)β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶因耐高温、易规模化生产等特性,已广泛应用于食品级酶制剂开发[21]。但普沙根瘤菌来源的同功能酶却尚未获得系统性研究,这为本研究提供了独特的创新切入点。
由于新资源食品法规的限定,本文初步探究普沙根瘤菌来源β-D-呋喃果糖苷水解酶的序列、结构和催化特性,将有助于促进菌种代谢特性的改造,提升β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成前体D-葡萄糖的合成效率,为新资源食品β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的高效合成提供基础数据依据。本文进一步揭示了该酶的其他微生物来源分布、结构特征及潜在催化效率,剖析了不同微生物来源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化活性差异的酶结构原因,有助于科学认知其合成过程,并为拓展其他微生物来源酶提升新资源食品β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖生产效率提供理论基础。
基于《新食品原料安全性审查规程》对生产菌株的基因组完整性要求,通过NCBI Genome数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/)检索普沙根瘤菌(Rhizobium pusense)全基因组数据。筛选标准包括:测序深度≥50×;组装水平至染色体级别;注释基因数大于4000个。最终选取推荐基因组GCA_013285525.1(N50=3.45 Mb,Contigs=3)作为模式基因组。利用KEGG Mapper工具进行β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成途径的模块化重建。
针对跨物种比较分析,在NCBI Genome数据库中检索已注释β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.26)的微生物基因组数据进行高通量生物信息学统计分析,其结果经Excel可视化呈现。
在NCBI数据库内已注释数据基础上,靶向挖掘普沙根瘤菌源具有潜在表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的氨基酸序列。多序列比对采用ClustalW算法(Mega 11版),参数设置为:Gap Opening Penalty=10,Gap Extension Penalty=0.2,BLOSUM权重矩阵。通过Prottest-3.4.7确定最优进化模型,采用邻接法(Neighbor-Joining)构建系统发育树,Bootstrap重复1000次评估节点置信度。使用GeneDoc(V. 2007)进行多序列比对结果可视化。
为深入探究该酶与配体蔗糖分子的可能作用方式,使用SWISS-MODEL(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)进行酶结构的三维建模和建模质量评定。分子对接参数:受体蛋白预处理,AutoDockTools 1.5.7去除水分子、加极性氢、计算Gasteiger电荷;配体准备,蔗糖分子(CID=5988)从PubChem下载,经Avogadro 1.2.0进行能量最小化;设定对接盒子;采用Lamarckian遗传算法进行50次独立对接,选取结合能≤−7.0 kcal·mol−1的构象簇进行分析。后续三维和二维结构对接结果分别使用PyMoL和Discovery Studio 2019软件进行可视化呈现。酶催化底物潜在机制流程使用Chem Draw 20.0软件呈现。
基于深度学习的酶动力学预测[22]:在DEEP MOLECULES平台输入靶酶序列;底物特征编码,蔗糖采用KEGG DRUG ID D00025,产物D-葡萄糖使用Isomeric SMILES表达式:C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)O)O)O;3)启用3D-QSAR模式,设置迭代次数500次,学习率0.001;输出参数包括kcat、Km及催化效率(kcat/Km)。通过交叉验证评估模型可靠性(R2>0.85)。
结构叠合与通道分析:选用上述催化效率分别在普沙根瘤菌、细菌和真菌源相对较高的酶在PyMOL 2.5.2中进行全原子叠合;CAVER 3.0探测球半径、最小通道半径和路径聚类阈值;量化输出通道曲率(Curvature)、瓶颈半径(Bottleneck Radius)等拓扑参数;通过Matplotlib 3.7.1生成通道参数分布箱线图,三维通路模型经Blender 3.4渲染输出。
目前研究和NCBI数据库中共有普沙根瘤菌全基因组注释的66株菌株全基因组数据,以经过严格质量控制和标准化处理的推荐基因组(GenBank:GCA_013285525.1)为例,该基因组注释基因4953个,结合基因编码酶的催化功能(https://www.enzyme-database.org/)分析,表明β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的代谢合成途径可能包括5步酶催化反应(图1)。首先β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶催化蔗糖产生D-葡萄糖,该酶在蛋白同源性预测中未被直接标明,但结合酶的催化功能查找该酶被注释为“glycoside hydrolase family 32 protein”(protein id:QKJ90362.1);然后经6-磷酸葡萄糖磷酸酶(protein id:QKJ92221.1)催化葡萄糖产生6-磷酸葡萄糖;经磷酸葡糖变构酶(protein id:QKJ93582.1)催化6-磷酸葡萄糖产生1-磷酸葡萄糖;又经尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(protein id:QKJ93184.1)催化产生尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖(UDP-葡萄糖)[23];然后经葡聚糖合成酶催化UDP-葡萄糖产生β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖。最后,由UDP-葡萄糖聚合成β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖,该步催化的酶在普沙根瘤菌中的注释仍然不明确,结合酶功能分析得到参与催化作用的酶可能为β-1,3葡聚糖合成酶与α-1,3葡聚糖合成酶,两种酶在参考基因组中均未被明确注释,仍需要后续研究进一步分析。
在生物体内,D-葡萄糖是能够直接被利用的葡萄糖类型,这是因为生物体内的酶系在长期进化过程中适应性代谢降解D-葡萄糖,L-葡萄糖不能被微生物直接经糖酵解代谢利用。因此,蔗糖水解产生的D-葡萄糖能够成为β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖合成的直接底物,其生成速率与产物的合成效率密切相关,因而催化蔗糖产生D-葡萄糖的代谢步骤对于β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的合成尤为关键(图1)。研究证实,β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶具有催化蔗糖分解的功能,相关酶依据序列、结构特征和催化产物的不同,可以催化蔗糖产生D-葡萄糖和3种不同构型的低聚果糖(菊粉型、果聚糖型、新型果寡糖)[24]。
在NCBI数据库已收录的66株普沙根瘤菌源基因组测序和注释数据中选取目前明确注释具有β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.26)编码基因的6株普沙根瘤菌进行序列对比分析(图2)。结果表明,普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶序列主要由572个核心氨基酸残基构成,6条氨基酸序列具有高度相似性和保守性,除了Rhizobium pusense SORGH_AS_1083(序列号:MDR6188921)的氨基酸序列在第1→40位点比其他5个序列长度更长外,其余序列中仅有3处位点存在差异(图2:氨基酸残基底色标绿色和灰色处)。
依据上述序列对普沙根酶菌源所获得的核心保守序列(Mode1:1→572)进行酶结构模拟和催化的分子机制解析(图3)。对氨基酸序列三维建模所得结构的质量评估值达到0.95,96.49%的氨基酸残基的二面角都处于拉氏图优势区(Ramachandran Favoured),表明预测的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶结构质量较高(图3a,3b)。对该酶二级拓扑结构分析表明该酶共有41个β-折叠,1个α-螺旋,多个无规卷曲和无序缠绕结构(图3c)。研究选用MDR6188921的核心保守序列(572个氨基酸残基)同蛋白质结构数据库中已报道的9种具有β-D-呋喃果糖苷水解功能的酶序列进一步对比分析(图4),结果表明图4红框区域内为高保守氨基酸残基,*处为核心保守位点。其中图4红框区域同图3a三维结构中红色圈内区域和图3c二维拓扑结构灰色背景标记处的N端β螺旋区域即为β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的催化活性区域。β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的N端β螺旋活性中心被定义为“5叶”β螺旋活性中心[25]。同时,研究表明该“5叶”β螺旋活性口袋较浅,可以催化蔗糖分子的分解[26]。
实验对蔗糖底物分子与酶的“5叶”β螺旋活性中心进行分子对接分析(图3d),结果表明,活性中心存在2个氨基酸残基与蔗糖分子形成3个氢键,将底物分子稳定于活性中心,包括底物蔗糖的α-D-吡喃葡萄糖(α-Glcp)残基与酶的活性中心Tyr196形成两个氢键,键长分别为2.1 Å和2.2 Å,蔗糖上的β-D-呋喃果糖残基(β-Fruf)与酶的活性中心Asp257形成1个氢键,其键长为1.7 Å(图3d i)。分子对接结果还表明,除上述形成的3个氢键外,酶与底物还形成7个范德华力相互作用(图3d ii)。上述结果表明β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的活性中心区域和蔗糖底物分子能够有很好的相互作用,该活性中心对底物具有潜在催化能力。
根据相关研究,总结β-D-呋喃果糖苷水解酶的“5叶”β螺旋活性中心催化水解底物蔗糖的分子机制[24,27−30](图3e)。酶的催化活性关键位点为Tyr196和Asp257,Tyr196为催化质子供体,将糖基氧原子质子化,活性中心的氨基酸残基Asp257对呋喃果糖残基的C-2碳原子进行亲核攻击,断裂底物β-Fruf-(2↔1)-α-Glcp之间的(2↔1)糖苷键,同时酶与β-Fruf形成共价中间体,置换出底物的糖基α-Glcp残基部分,从而产出α-D-吡喃葡萄糖(图3e i)。当又一分子蔗糖进入活性腔体(图3e ii),蔗糖的β-Fruf残基的C6-OH被攻击,Asp257的亲核氧原子与糖残基C1之间的共价键C2-O-Asp257被水解,进而形成6-蔗果三糖β-Fruf-(2→6)-β-Fruf-(2↔1)-α-Glcp。6-蔗果三糖在报道中属于果聚糖型的低聚果糖,由糖苷水解酶32家族催化产生[31]。
通过NCBI数据库高通量靶向挖掘β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶,发现潜在携带该酶的微生物中,细菌源微生物高达6007种、真菌源746种。图5a表明门水平出现频率较高的结果,细菌门水平中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)占比高达48.2%,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)分别为33.2%和15.5%;真菌门水平以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)占比最高达76.3%,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)分别占比为22.9%和0.8%。细菌种水平中具有潜在表达该酶的屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)菌株相对频率高达12.0%(图5b),屎肠球菌广泛存在于自然环境,是人与动物肠道正常菌群的一部分,目前屎肠球菌广泛用来发酵乳中糖肽以及同布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)共接种于作物中,从而达到提升乳品品质稳定性的目标[32−33]。真菌种水平中常用于发酵菌株的酵母如红法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、Rhodotorula dairenensis和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)均表现出具有潜在的表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶功能特性(图5c)。酵母、黑曲霉作为重要的发酵工业微生物广泛分布于酿造食品领域[34−35],是生产β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖的潜在高效功能微生物。
研究对代表性菌株表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶相关的氨基酸序列作系统发育分析,结果显示细菌源菌株主要分成8个支,其中Bifidobacterium longum和Klebsiella pneumoniae种水平的三个代表性菌株以及菌株Vibrio crassostreae 8H1_4与普沙根瘤菌(代表菌株Rhizobium pusense SORGH_AS_1083)具有较近的亲缘关系,且通过数据库注释信息探究到细菌和真菌代表性菌株的酶序列主要分布于糖苷水解酶32家族(图5d,5e)。
研究分别对6株普沙根瘤菌和不同来源代表性微生物的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶进行以蔗糖为底物,D-葡萄糖为产物的催化性质探索并预测分析其酶催化动力学参数(kcat、Km)(表1)。结果表明,6株普沙根瘤菌的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的kcat值均在97 s−1以上,催化效率(kcat/Km)在4.77~5.51 L·mol−1·s−1之间。其中菌株Rhizobium pusense SORGH_AS_1083(序列ID:MDR6188921)的潜在催化效率最高。分析其他非普沙根瘤菌源的微生物来源酶潜在催化效率,细菌代表性菌株Francisella tularensis OHARA的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化效率相对于其他细菌代表性菌株催化效率最高,约为10.73 L·mol−1·s−1。真菌微生物来源代表性菌株的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化效率普遍高于普沙根瘤菌源酶,特别是Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289菌株的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶潜在催化效率最高,约为27.40 L·mol−1·s−1。
研究分别选择该酶催化效率最高的代表性氨基酸序列进行三维结构建模,并与普沙根瘤菌来源的该酶催化效率最高者(Rhizobium pusense SORGH_AS_1083)进行三维结构分析(图6a),结果表明三者结构间重叠性较高。“5叶”β螺旋活性结构相似性较强,且内部催化核心位点Asp虽在原序列位置不同,但在三维空间结构处相对位置一致,结果表明β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶催化活性中心的保守性。对该酶“5叶”β螺旋活性腔体结构分析,表明三者的催化腔体存在一定差异,尤其是催化效率最高的真菌源代表性菌株Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289的酶催化腔体长度相对较长,为18.053 Å,其腔体最窄处(瓶颈)半径同样也相对较长,为1.156 Å,较大的催化腔体结构可能更有利于底物的进入和产物的释放,而且其吞吐率也在三者中最高(图6b)。
通过数据库高通量靶向挖掘具有表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶功能的潜在微生物并结合生物信息学探究其催化活性具有高效性,为后续的功能微生物筛选提供指导,但研究具有一定的局限性,需要后续生化和发酵实验的进一步证实。数据库和现有研究的局限性,例如依据数据库注释信息和序列相似性挖掘β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶时一些菌株的该酶信息会被注释为β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶前体(beta-fructofuranosidase precursor),而目前研究尚未对该菌株表达的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶具体氨基酸序列进行分析。但上述局限性并不能排除该系列菌株具有表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶功能。
本文明晰普沙根瘤菌的β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖代谢合成途径,聚焦代谢合成第一步的关键酶,建立生物信息学高通量分析方法,通过对多株普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的序列和结构特征进行详细对比,发现其具有高度保守性。通过对酶的结构模拟和分子机制解析,确定了普沙根瘤菌源β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的活性区域关键位点Tyr196和Asp257与蔗糖底物分子能够有很好的相互作用。6株普沙根瘤菌的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的生信分析催化效率(kcat/Km)在4.77~5.51 L·mol−1·s−1之间。
除普沙根瘤菌外其他微生物基因组同样具有表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的编码基因,且部分微生物携带潜在的高催化活力的酶。经数据库高通量靶向挖掘,发现含有潜在表达β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的微生物来源中细菌源高达6007株、真菌源746株。其中,代表性细菌菌株Francisella tularensis OHARA和真菌菌株Fusarium fujikuroi IMI 58289的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶生信分析催化效率相对较高,分别约为10.73和27.40 L·mol−1·s−1。进一步分析表明,导致其催化效率存在差别的可能原因,是由于不同来源的β-D-呋喃果糖苷酶的活性腔体空间大小、瓶颈半径存在差异。本研究有助于为高效代谢合成β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖功能微生物的挖掘指明方向,并为基于合成生物学的β-1,3/α-1,3-葡聚糖细胞工厂的构建提供生物元件。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120325
  • 接收时间:2024-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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    1北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048
    2北京工商大学老年营养与健康教育部重点实验室,北京 100048
    3北京工商大学中国轻工业酿酒分子工程重点实验室,北京 100048

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徐友强(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:传统发酵食品重要风味与功能因子生成机制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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