Article(id=1320882644292841966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120322, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735142400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852563212, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852563212, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852563212, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852563212, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=392, endPage=399, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882644510945775, articleId=1320882644292841966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different LED Lighting Modes on Quality of Cherry Tomatoes during Cold Storage, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the effects of different light modes on the storage quality of cherry tomatoes during postharvest refrigeration, the four treatment modes of red and blue LED composite light were used to illuminate cherry tomatoes when they were stored in the refrigerator at 4 ℃, as follows: light for 10 min+no light for 50 min, light for 30 min+no light for 150 min, light for 4 h+no light for 20 h, and no light treatment was used as the control group. The effects of each treatment on the weight loss rate, color, vitamin C content, total phenol content, flavonoid content, and lycopene content of cherry tomatoes during cold storage were studied. The results showed that compared with the control group, the different LED lighting modes could slow down the loss of nutritional quality of cherry tomatoes during storage. The combination of light for 4 h+no light for 20 h had the most significant effect on maintaining the appearance of cherry tomatoes and delaying the degradation or increasing nutrient content during the refrigeration process. On the 8th day of refrigeration, the weight loss was only 2.72%. Compared with the control group, the vitamin C content, total phenol content, and flavonoid content were increased by 20.74%, 47.93%, and 43.59% on the 4th day, respectively, and the lycopene content was increased by 19.59% on the 6th day. This condition is suitable for combining with cold storage technology to maintain the quality of cherry tomatoes after harvest. This study provides an important reference for improving the quality of fruits and vegetables refrigerated after harvest by different treatment modes of red and blue light.

, authors=Mengdi NIU1, Xin ZHOU2, Zhe WANG2, Jun WANG1, *, authorsList=Mengdi NIU, Xin ZHOU, Zhe WANG, Jun WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882648197739005, articleId=1320882644292841966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同LED光照模式对圣女果在低温贮藏过程中品质的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同光照模式对圣女果采后冷藏期间品质的影响,在4 ℃的冰箱中贮藏时,分别采用LED红蓝复合光的4种处理模式对圣女果进行光照处理,分别为:光照10 min+不光照50 min处理组、光照30 min+不光照150 min处理组和光照4 h+不光照20 h处理组,以不进行光照处理的圣女果为空白对照组。研究各处理方式对其冷藏期圣女果失重率、色泽、维生素C含量、总酚含量、黄酮和番茄红素含量的影响。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,不同LED光照模式均能减缓圣女果贮藏过程中营养品质下降的速度。光照4 h+不光照20 h组合在冷藏过程中维持圣女果外观状态并延缓果实营养素的降解或提升其含量的效果最为显著。经光照4 h+不光照20 h组合处理后的圣女果冷藏到第8 d时失重率仅为2.72%;相对于空白对照组,冷藏第4 d VC含量最大提升20.74%,总酚含量最大提升47.93%,黄酮含量最大提升43.59%,第6 d番茄红素含量最大提升19.59%。该条件适合与冷藏技术结合以维持圣女果采后品质。本研究为红蓝光不同光照模式处理提升果蔬采后冷藏品质提供重要参考。

, authors=牛梦迪1, 周新2, 王喆2, 王军1, *, authorsList=牛梦迪, 周新, 王喆, 王军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王军, authorNote=

牛梦迪(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬保藏与品质评价,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王军(1975−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬保藏、加工与品质分析,E-mail:。
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注:不同小写字母表示同一贮藏时间不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),图3~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=YEyfAjoq6TIz8pvzQIKm9w==, figureFileBig=st16/fdPSHtIJaRCSpMImw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882653302207014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different light treatment patterns on VC content of cherry tomatoes, figureFileSmall=i8FvyCDXQFm7rj+7NM5Fpw==, figureFileBig=n4zeqPPH7fu3VyUfup8XbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882653423841831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同光照处理模式对圣女果VC含量的影响, figureFileSmall=i8FvyCDXQFm7rj+7NM5Fpw==, figureFileBig=n4zeqPPH7fu3VyUfup8XbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882653709054504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different light treatment patterns on the total phenolic content of cherry tomatoes, figureFileSmall=F2HB9msQAtYi0RwSw6p9zQ==, figureFileBig=y4YqHUxQfR9TfK4xXEDV3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882653822300713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同光照处理模式对圣女果总酚含量的影响, figureFileSmall=F2HB9msQAtYi0RwSw6p9zQ==, figureFileBig=y4YqHUxQfR9TfK4xXEDV3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882654061376042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of different light treatment patterns on the flavonoid content of cherry tomatoes, figureFileSmall=Wr+UKChXgHLZC1psIU9xuA==, figureFileBig=k+HSg3nH46y4Dw1mD3ZG7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882654157845035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同光照处理模式对圣女果黄酮含量的影响, figureFileSmall=Wr+UKChXgHLZC1psIU9xuA==, figureFileBig=k+HSg3nH46y4Dw1mD3ZG7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882654245925420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different light treatment patterns on the lycopene content of cherry tomatoes, figureFileSmall=l6PF4htrkDJxmFLw3qZzrA==, figureFileBig=+HFy2r7gKp+i2MQ5RzaWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882654485000749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同光照处理模式对圣女果番茄红素含量的影响, figureFileSmall=l6PF4htrkDJxmFLw3qZzrA==, figureFileBig=+HFy2r7gKp+i2MQ5RzaWWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882654589858350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of different light treatment patterns on the color of cherry tomatoes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别颜色系数0 d2 d4 d6 d8 d
A组(空白对照)L*35.39±0.65a35.03±0.74a34.90±0.22a35.20±0.37a35.17±0.33a
a*23.21±0.07a22.64±0.19b21.45±0.22d21.59±0.13cd21.72±0.09c
b*13.29±0.14a12.85±0.08b12.62±0.21b12.95±0.12ab13.33±0.38a
ΔE−0.85±0.16c1.99±0.13a1.69±0.07b1.57±0.06b
Chroma26.74±0.13a26.03±0.20b24.89±0.27d25.17±0.18cd25.49±0.27c
B组(光照10 min+不光照50 min)L*35.38±0.12a35.16±0.08a35.02±0.72a34.91±0.30a34.88±0.87a
a*20.17±0.32a19.56±0.44a20.13±0.76a19.32±0.62a19.38±0.39a
b*11.98±0.49a11.50±0.61a11.11±0.38a11.60±0.29a11.53±0.15a
ΔE−0.87±0.16a1.11±0.29a1.07±0.34a1.24±0.20a
Chroma23.46±0.51a22.69±0.66a23.00±0.85a22.53±0.66a22.55±0.41a
C组(光照30 min+不光照150 min)L*35.38±0.12a35.16±0.08a35.02±0.72a34.91±0.30a34.88±0.87a
a*20.17±0.32a19.56±0.44a20.13±0.76a19.32±0.62a19.38±0.39a
b*11.98±0.49a11.50±0.61a11.11±0.38a11.60±0.29a11.53±0.15a
ΔE−2.21±0.30ab2.00±0.19b1.81±0.44b2.61±0.04a
Chroma23.46±0.51a22.69±0.66a23.00±0.85a22.53±0.66a22.55±0.41a
D组(光照4 h+不光照20 h)L*35.47±0.24a35.20±0.22a34.70±0.29a35.45±1.09a34.36±0.28a
a*21.75±0.55a21.33±0.41a21.04±1.26a21.37±1.82a21.18±0.31a
b*14.23±0.27a14.10±0.33a13.25±0.13bc13.65±0.23b13.14±0.15c
ΔE−0.53±0.13b1.58±0.46a1.42±0.54a1.68±0.16a
Chroma25.99±0.59a25.57±0.50a24.87±1.13a25.36±1.66a24.93±0.35a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882654673744431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882644292841966, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同光照处理模式对圣女果色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别颜色系数0 d2 d4 d6 d8 d
A组(空白对照)L*35.39±0.65a35.03±0.74a34.90±0.22a35.20±0.37a35.17±0.33a
a*23.21±0.07a22.64±0.19b21.45±0.22d21.59±0.13cd21.72±0.09c
b*13.29±0.14a12.85±0.08b12.62±0.21b12.95±0.12ab13.33±0.38a
ΔE−0.85±0.16c1.99±0.13a1.69±0.07b1.57±0.06b
Chroma26.74±0.13a26.03±0.20b24.89±0.27d25.17±0.18cd25.49±0.27c
B组(光照10 min+不光照50 min)L*35.38±0.12a35.16±0.08a35.02±0.72a34.91±0.30a34.88±0.87a
a*20.17±0.32a19.56±0.44a20.13±0.76a19.32±0.62a19.38±0.39a
b*11.98±0.49a11.50±0.61a11.11±0.38a11.60±0.29a11.53±0.15a
ΔE−0.87±0.16a1.11±0.29a1.07±0.34a1.24±0.20a
Chroma23.46±0.51a22.69±0.66a23.00±0.85a22.53±0.66a22.55±0.41a
C组(光照30 min+不光照150 min)L*35.38±0.12a35.16±0.08a35.02±0.72a34.91±0.30a34.88±0.87a
a*20.17±0.32a19.56±0.44a20.13±0.76a19.32±0.62a19.38±0.39a
b*11.98±0.49a11.50±0.61a11.11±0.38a11.60±0.29a11.53±0.15a
ΔE−2.21±0.30ab2.00±0.19b1.81±0.44b2.61±0.04a
Chroma23.46±0.51a22.69±0.66a23.00±0.85a22.53±0.66a22.55±0.41a
D组(光照4 h+不光照20 h)L*35.47±0.24a35.20±0.22a34.70±0.29a35.45±1.09a34.36±0.28a
a*21.75±0.55a21.33±0.41a21.04±1.26a21.37±1.82a21.18±0.31a
b*14.23±0.27a14.10±0.33a13.25±0.13bc13.65±0.23b13.14±0.15c
ΔE−0.53±0.13b1.58±0.46a1.42±0.54a1.68±0.16a
Chroma25.99±0.59a25.57±0.50a24.87±1.13a25.36±1.66a24.93±0.35a
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不同LED光照模式对圣女果在低温贮藏过程中品质的影响
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牛梦迪 1 , 周新 2 , 王喆 2 , 王军 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(1): 392-399
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (1) : 392 -399
不同LED光照模式对圣女果在低温贮藏过程中品质的影响
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牛梦迪1 , 周新2, 王喆2, 王军1, *
作者信息
  • 1中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2合肥华凌股份有限公司,安徽合肥 230000
通讯作者:
王军(1975−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬保藏、加工与品质分析,E-mail:。
作者简介:

牛梦迪(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬保藏与品质评价,E-mail:

Effects of Different LED Lighting Modes on Quality of Cherry Tomatoes during Cold Storage
Mengdi NIU1 , Xin ZHOU2, Zhe WANG2, Jun WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2Hefei Hualing Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120322
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为探究不同光照模式对圣女果采后冷藏期间品质的影响,在4 ℃的冰箱中贮藏时,分别采用LED红蓝复合光的4种处理模式对圣女果进行光照处理,分别为:光照10 min+不光照50 min处理组、光照30 min+不光照150 min处理组和光照4 h+不光照20 h处理组,以不进行光照处理的圣女果为空白对照组。研究各处理方式对其冷藏期圣女果失重率、色泽、维生素C含量、总酚含量、黄酮和番茄红素含量的影响。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,不同LED光照模式均能减缓圣女果贮藏过程中营养品质下降的速度。光照4 h+不光照20 h组合在冷藏过程中维持圣女果外观状态并延缓果实营养素的降解或提升其含量的效果最为显著。经光照4 h+不光照20 h组合处理后的圣女果冷藏到第8 d时失重率仅为2.72%;相对于空白对照组,冷藏第4 d VC含量最大提升20.74%,总酚含量最大提升47.93%,黄酮含量最大提升43.59%,第6 d番茄红素含量最大提升19.59%。该条件适合与冷藏技术结合以维持圣女果采后品质。本研究为红蓝光不同光照模式处理提升果蔬采后冷藏品质提供重要参考。

LED  /  红蓝光  /  光照模式  /  圣女果  /  冷藏品质

To explore the effects of different light modes on the storage quality of cherry tomatoes during postharvest refrigeration, the four treatment modes of red and blue LED composite light were used to illuminate cherry tomatoes when they were stored in the refrigerator at 4 ℃, as follows: light for 10 min+no light for 50 min, light for 30 min+no light for 150 min, light for 4 h+no light for 20 h, and no light treatment was used as the control group. The effects of each treatment on the weight loss rate, color, vitamin C content, total phenol content, flavonoid content, and lycopene content of cherry tomatoes during cold storage were studied. The results showed that compared with the control group, the different LED lighting modes could slow down the loss of nutritional quality of cherry tomatoes during storage. The combination of light for 4 h+no light for 20 h had the most significant effect on maintaining the appearance of cherry tomatoes and delaying the degradation or increasing nutrient content during the refrigeration process. On the 8th day of refrigeration, the weight loss was only 2.72%. Compared with the control group, the vitamin C content, total phenol content, and flavonoid content were increased by 20.74%, 47.93%, and 43.59% on the 4th day, respectively, and the lycopene content was increased by 19.59% on the 6th day. This condition is suitable for combining with cold storage technology to maintain the quality of cherry tomatoes after harvest. This study provides an important reference for improving the quality of fruits and vegetables refrigerated after harvest by different treatment modes of red and blue light.

LED  /  red and blue light  /  lighting mode  /  cherry tomatoes  /  quality during cold storage
牛梦迪, 周新, 王喆, 王军. 不同LED光照模式对圣女果在低温贮藏过程中品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 392 -399 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120322
Mengdi NIU, Xin ZHOU, Zhe WANG, Jun WANG. Effects of Different LED Lighting Modes on Quality of Cherry Tomatoes during Cold Storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 392 -399 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120322
圣女果,又名樱桃番茄,属茄科番茄属[1]。果实色泽鲜艳,矿物质、有机酸、维生素和番茄红素等营养物质含量丰富,备受消费者的青睐[2]。然而圣女果属于典型的呼吸跃变型果实,在发育结束到开始衰老这段时间,圣女果果实的呼吸速率升高,相关的劣变代谢加剧,如呼吸代谢、能量代谢和活性氧代谢等,这会导致贮藏期间果实品质下降严重[3−4]。因此,寻找一种在贮藏期内能够减缓圣女果品质下降或提升品质的保鲜方式成为当前圣女果保鲜技术研究的热点。
低温保鲜由于操作方便、成本低廉等优点,是目前保持果蔬采后品质和延长果蔬采后寿命的有效途径,被广泛应用于大多数果蔬贮藏,如通过冰箱、冰柜、冷库的使用实现冷藏[5]。光照是植物生长发育最重要的环境因素之一,近年来光照应用于采后果蔬保鲜的研究不断增加,如光照波长、光配比、光强度及光均匀性等对果蔬保鲜品质的影响。Loi等[6]和Hasperué等[7]发现,绿色、白蓝色发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)均增加了西兰花贮藏期间其中叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量。孔得慧等[8]发现蓝光处理可以提升鲜切番茄中抗坏血酸的含量,白光处理提升番茄红素含量。Kokalj等[9]研究发现黄光处理使红番茄中总酚类化合物含量更高。目前这些研究证实:适当地使用光线照射采后果蔬,可使其生理代谢缓慢且正常地进行,营养物质消耗量相应减少,从而具有较好的贮藏品质和商品性[10]。然而在冷藏条件下,对于不同光照模式影响果蔬品质研究较少。日累积光亮(daily light integral,DLI)指植物一天内光照时长与光照度的乘积,可为研究植物对光的响应机制提供参考[11]。有研究表明,相同的DLI条件下,改变光照周期与光照度组合可为作物的生长发育带来不同影响[12]。光照间隔影响果实的光化学响应,从而影响果实的贮藏品质[13]。因此本研究探讨冷藏条件下不同光照模式对圣女果采后冷藏品质的影响,筛选出适宜的与冷藏技术结合的光照模式,以期提高圣女果的采后贮藏品质,同时为光照技术在果蔬冷藏市场的开发应用提供参考。
‘海南千禧’圣女果 北京某超市,规格为12±2 g/个,大小均一,硬度一致,携带果柄,无机械损伤;2,6-二氯靛酚、福林酚、DNS试剂、芦丁标准品、番茄红素标准品 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;盐酸 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;氢氧化钠 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;碳酸氢钠 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;氯化铝、无水碳酸钠  上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;葡萄糖标准品、草酸、亚硝酸钠、抗坏血酸、没食子酸标准品 百灵威科技有限公司;以上试剂标准品纯度≥96%,其它试剂均为分析纯;乙酸乙酯、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇 色谱纯,百灵威科技有限公司。
TU-1810紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限公司;Agilent1260高效液相色谱仪 美国安捷伦公司;CR-400色彩色差计 日本KONICA MINOLTA公司;H1750R台式高速冷冻离心机 长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;DHG-9070A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;ME204电子天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;HH-2数显恒温水浴锅 江苏省金坛市荣华仪器制造厂;KQ-600DE超声波清洗机 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;MiLLi-Q超纯水仪 美国MILL-PORE公司;CRBS615AD-A6冰箱 上海科慕电器有限公司;MA37-1CN水分测定仪 德国 Satorious公司;LED灯板 美的集团有限公司;数显定时插座 宁波高新区新诚电子有限公司。
将圣女果分为4个实验组,在保证各光照处理组日累积光量相同的情况下,采用冷藏常用的光照时间间隔处理样品,其中:A组为空白对照组(不光照)、B组为光照10 min+不光照50 min处理组、C组为光照30 min+不光照150 min处理组、D组为光照4 h+不光照20 h处理组。
将4组圣女果样品平铺放置于冰箱冷藏抽屉中,660 nm红光与450 nm蓝光组合灯板LED光源功率为600 mW,置于冰箱冷藏抽屉上方,与样品距离为10 cm左右,使用外联控制器控制光照模式。在(4±1)℃、相对湿度为90%的条件下以上述光照模式交替照射贮藏8 d,在贮藏第0、2、4、6、8 d分别取样。每次取样为12颗,切片后立即浸入液氮中,研磨成粉末,用于测定VC、总酚、类黄酮、番茄红素含量,重复测定3次。
使用相机在小型摄影棚中对定期取出的圣女果样品外观进行拍照记录。
贮藏过程中各实验组失重率利用标记的圣女果失重率表示,采用称重法测定。按下述公式计算:
$ \mathrm{失}\mathrm{重}\mathrm{率}\left(\text{%}\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{0}-{\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{i}}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:m0为圣女果初始质量,g;mi为贮藏第i d时的圣女果质量,g。
测量每组圣女果在赤道附近位置的L*、a*、b*值,L*为亮度、a*为红绿色、b*为黄蓝色,按下式计算色差值(∆E):
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{{\left({L}_{\rm i}^{*}-{L}_{0}^{\mathrm{*}}\right)}^{2}+{\left({a}_{\rm i}^{*}-{a}_{0}^{\mathrm{*}}\right)}^{2}+{\left({b}_{\rm i}^{*}-{b}_{0}^{\mathrm{*}}\right)}^{2}} $
式中:$ {L}_{\rm i}^{*} $、$ {a}_{\rm i}^{*} $、$ {b}_{\rm i}^{*} $为圣女果贮藏第i d时的测定值,$ {L}_{0}^{*} $、$ {a}_{0}^{*} $、$ {b}_{0}^{*} $为圣女果贮藏第0 d时的测定值。
利用a*和b*值计算得到果实的颜色饱和度(Chroma)。Chroma值的大小反映了色素浓度的高低。
$ \mathrm{C}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}=\sqrt{{{a}_{\rm i}^{*}}^{2}+{{b}_{\rm i}^{*}}^{2}} $
式中:$ {a}_{\rm i}^{*} $、$ {b}_{\rm i}^{*} $是贮藏第i d时的测定值。
参考GB 5009.86-2016,采用2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法测定,并稍作修改。称取5.00 g样品粉末使用2%的草酸溶液定容至25 mL,摇匀后4000 r·min−1离心5 min,吸取上清液进行滴定。
参考Vaezi等[14]的方法并稍作改进,称取3.00 g样品粉末加入25 mL的70%酸性乙醇溶液(盐酸将pH调到2.7),40 ℃超声提取40 min,4 ℃下3500 r·min−1离心10 min,提取上清液,重复操作两次合并提取液并定容至50 mL容量瓶中。取上清液0.1 mL,依次加入1 mL的2 N福林酚,3 mL的15%(w/w) Na2CO3溶液,超纯水定容至10 mL,摇匀室温下避光反应30 min,在765 nm测定吸光值。以没食子酸的标准曲线(y=0.0945x+0.076,R2=0.9997)确定样品的总酚含量,单位为mg/g。每个样品平行测定三次。
参考Zhao等[15]的方法并稍作改进。提取参考1.2.6总酚提取方式。取上清液2 mL,加入0.3 mL的5% NaNO2溶液放置5 min后,加0.3 mL 10% AlCl3反应6 min,再加入2 mL的1 mol/L的NaOH溶液后,加水定容至10 mL,于510 nm波长下测定吸光度值,以芦丁的标准曲线(y=0.0085x−0.014,R2=0.9976)确定样品的总黄酮含量,单位为mg/g。每个样品平行测定三次。
参考乌吉木[16]使用液相色谱法测量番茄红素含量并稍作改进。称取5.00 g圣女果粉末放于50 mL离心管中,加入10 mL甲醇涡旋提取10 min,以4000 r·min−1离心10 min弃去上清液。加入提取液(乙酸乙酯:乙醇=9:1,V/V)10 mL,涡旋提取30 min。以4000 r·min−1离心10 min过滤收集滤液,在上述离心管中再次加入10 mL乙酸乙酯涡旋提取,过滤收集滤液,重复提取3~4次至上清液无色。将全部滤液在35 ℃的温度下旋蒸近5 mL,用乙酸乙酯定容至10 mL,涡旋混匀,过0.22 μm有机滤膜纯化后移入液相小瓶。色谱条件:Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18柱(250×4.6 mm,5 μm);检测器:紫外检测器(UV);检测波长:472 nm;流动相:A-甲醇,B-乙腈+乙酸乙酯(8:2,V/V),A:B=20:80;柱温:35 ℃;流速:1 mL·min−1;进样量:20 μL。采用番茄红素标准品的色谱峰保留时间对圣女果中番茄红素进行定性,用标准曲线(R2>0.99)进行定量分析。番茄红素(y=56112x+63572,R2=0.9999)的标准曲线是通过绘制峰面积与相应标准化合物浓度(0.1~400 μg/g)的关系来构建的。
参考GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中直接干燥法进行测定。取约2 g圣女果果实粉末平铺于水分测定仪的金属托盘中进行自动测定。
实验采用完全随机设计,每组包括3个重复样本。营养物质含量根据测定水分含量折合成每单位干物质所含的量,采用Excel、IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件对实验数据进行单因素方差分析及Duncan多重比较,统计显著性水平为P<0.05,采用Origin软件进行绘图。
如图1所示,各处理组和对照组的圣女果外观品质在采后贮藏8 d内没有发生明显的变化。这可能是由于实验所用的圣女果已经处于成熟状态,在贮藏期间外观变化并不明显。但是光照处理组相对于对照组表皮颜色较为鲜红,对照组在贮藏过程中表皮颜色略微变浅,表明光照处理能够一定程度维持圣女果的外观品质。
失重率能够反映果实在贮藏过程中水分流失的情况,是评价果实贮藏品质的重要指标之一[17]。测定结果如图2所示,随着贮藏天数的增加,不同LED光照模式处理组和对照组失重率均呈现出了逐渐升高的现象。在相同时间内,失重率大小为C组(光照30 min+不光照150 min)>D组(光照4 h+不光照20 h)>A组(空白对照)>B组(光照10 min+不光照50 min),C组失重较快,与A组的差异达显著水平(P<0.05),其余光照处理组与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。原因可能是随着贮藏时间的增加,圣女果受到的冷害程度变大,使细胞膜的透性增大,呼吸强度上升导致失重率升高[18]。光照30 min+不光照150 min处理导致圣女果外表皮组织气孔开放程度较高,加速机体内水分和气体扩散,致使重量损失较为明显[19]。
通过分析发现,各实验组在贮藏过程中的ΔE均小于3,总体色泽变化不明显。由表1可知,各组中代表亮度的L*值在贮藏期间变化不显著。空白对照组的a*值先降低后升高。各光照组的a*值变化不明显。空白对照组的b*值先降低后升高,D组b*值逐渐降低(P<0.05),其余两组无明显变化。对照组的Chroma值先降低后略微升高,饱和度下降,光照处理组的Chroma值无明显变化。研究表明,B组与D组对圣女果的外观保鲜效果较好,果实外观更鲜红。由于D组b*值逐渐降低,因此B组的光照模式更有利于维持圣女果外观品质。
VC是一种水溶性维生素,广泛存在于水果和蔬菜中,能够清除果蔬组织中活性氧等自由基,有效延缓果蔬衰老,是重要的营养物质[20−21]。因此,VC含量是评价果蔬品质的重要指标之一。
由图3 可知,圣女果随着冷藏时间的延长,VC含量出现先降低后升高的趋势。这可能由于圣女果在低温条件下产生应激作用,积累大量的活性氧,抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(ASC-GSH)循环在清除活性氧过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。低温下单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(Monodehydroascorbate reductase,MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(Dehydroascorbate reductase,DHAR)活性下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate peroxidase,APX)活性显著增加,导致VC含量在贮藏初期出现了不同程度地降低[22−23]。而后在光照条件下圣女果通过光合作用增加组织内可溶性糖含量,可溶性糖如葡萄糖是VC合成的前体物质,进而促进VC合成[24]。同时红光能够显著提高AsA-GSH循环中关键酶L-半乳糖苷-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(LGalactono-1,4-lactone,Ga1LDH)、DHAR和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione reductase,GR)活性及相应基因的表达水平,并抑制MDHAR活性及相应基因MDHAR的表达量,提升VC含量[25−26]。经过不同光照循环模式的照射后,在第2 d时,B组和C组VC含量较空白对照组出现了不同程度的降低,这可能是由于B组和C组在各自光照模式下生理代谢加剧,VC消耗速率高于被光照影响导致的合成速率,最终使得VC含量比对照组降低[27]。第4 d,空白对照组VC含量达到最低值,光照处理组均呈现上升的趋势,且含量高于空白对照组,其中C组和D组与对照组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。第6 d,B组VC含量提升幅度最为明显,光照处理组VC含量均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间的延长和果实的衰老,第8 d时,各处理组的VC含量趋于相同,没有明显差异。综上,合适的光照处理模式能够提高采后贮藏期间圣女果中VC的含量。
总酚是果蔬中存在的重要生物活性物质和天然抗氧化成分,对人体健康具有重要价值,是影响果蔬功能的重要物质[28]。如图4所示,空白对照组总酚含量在贮藏6 d内逐渐降低,第8 d略有回升。B组与C组中总酚含量均呈现先降后升再降的趋势,在第2 d时含量达到最低值,但仍高于空白对照组,之后逐渐升高,第6 d达到最高值。D组在贮藏过程中总酚含量先升高后降低,第4 d达到峰值,并且均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。表明不同光照处理均可有效提升圣女果冷藏过程中总酚的含量。圣女果果实中总酚含量的增加可能是光照处理诱导的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)活性较高,从源头上增加多酚类物质的合成量[29]。由于光照会导致蛋白质结构发生变化,因此光照处理显著抑制贮藏期间多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性,如较高强度的光(12.7 W/m2)可以通过直接光氧化吸收PPO氨基酸残基形成自由基的方式来抑制PPO活性[30],进而使总酚降解速度减慢,导致酚类积累,而随着贮藏时间的增加,果实衰老导致总酚含量降低[31]。
黄酮类化合物是植物发育和防御的次生代谢产物,具有抗氧化、清除自由基等重要的功能[32]。如图5所示,4 ℃贮藏过程中,空白对照组圣女果黄酮含量先降低后升高,B组与C组中第2 d含量降低,随后逐渐升高,第8 d时又呈现下降的趋势。D组在贮藏过程中黄酮含量先升高后降低,第4 d达到峰值,之后下降。贮藏第2 d B组与D组含量显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),贮藏第4~6 d光照组含量均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),第8 d时仅C组显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。综上,光照处理能够不同程度地提升圣女果中黄酮含量。这可能是由于红蓝光处理提高了PAL、查尔酮合成酶(Chalcone synthase,CHS)、查尔酮异构酶(Chalcone isomerase,CHI)的活性,从而提升黄酮含量[33]。
番茄红素是目前发现的天然类抗氧化剂中最有效的一种单线态氧自由基清除剂,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌等生物活性[34]。如图6所示,空白对照组番茄红素含量呈现先下降后上升趋势。在贮藏第2 d时,D组番茄红素含量高于空白对照组,提升了10.60%,C组番茄红素含量表现为低于对照组。在贮藏第4~6 d时,光照处理组番茄红素含量均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。随着果实衰老,番茄红素合成酶活性降低,组织内呼吸产生的活性氧不断积累,使得番茄红素不断被消耗,导致其含量降低[35]。并且C组和D组在各自光照模式下加快果实的后熟进程[27],因此在贮藏第8 d时,C组和D组番茄红素低于对照组。表明光照处理能够不同程度地抑制圣女果在贮藏过程中番茄红素的降解。此外果实颜色指数Chroma与果实中番茄红素的含量密切相关[36−37]。空白对照组与C组的番茄红素含量的变化趋势与表1中Chroma值的变化趋势一致,也进一步验证了该结论。研究证明红光处理能促进圣女果植株PSY1基因的转录表达,促进圣女果果实中番茄红素的合成积累[38]。蓝光照射能够激活CRY作用于泛素连接酶(COP1)以及其他光信号转导体,通过COP1异构化释放光响应因子,启动PSY基因的转录表达[39]。红蓝组合光处理对抑制冷藏过程中果实中番茄红素降解的效果优于单独红光和单独蓝光处理[27]。
本文研究了不同光照模式下圣女果4 ℃贮藏过程中失重率、色泽、VC、总酚、黄酮以及番茄红素含量的变化。研究表明,光照模式对与圣女果品质密切相关的重要理化指标具有不同的影响效果。光照30 min+不光照150 min组合和光照4 h+不光照20 h组合相对于光照10 min+不光照50 min组合和不使用光照技术的对照组均能更有效提升VC、总酚、黄酮以及番茄红素含量,但光照30 min+不光照150 min组合处理会造成圣女果果实失重率升高,因此不适合应用于圣女果冷藏过程。而光照4 h+不光照20 h组合能够使冷藏过程中圣女果的L*和a*值保持稳定。综上,光照4 h+不光照20 h组合能够在冷藏过程中维持圣女果良好外观状态的同时延缓果实营养素的降解或提升其含量,适宜与冷藏技术结合以维持圣女果采后品质。本研究可为红蓝光处理提升果蔬采后冷藏期间的品质提供重要参考,同时为将光照与冷藏技术相结合的贮藏方式应用于果蔬保鲜冷库、冰箱的开发提供指导。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120322
  • 接收时间:2024-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-26
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    1中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京 100083
    2合肥华凌股份有限公司,安徽合肥 230000

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王军(1975−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬保藏、加工与品质分析,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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