Article(id=1320889422170665459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120295, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734969600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854179183, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854179183, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854179183, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854179183, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=419, endPage=428, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889422351020532, articleId=1320889422170665459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata Against Exercise-induced Fatigue Based on Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue (EIF) through integrated network pharmacology, animal experiments, and metabolomics. Methods: Network pharmacology was employed to screen potential targets of active components and EIF-related disease targets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of overlapping targets were constructed, followed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. C57BL/6N mice were divided into control, EIF model, and low, medium, and high-dose Rhodiola crenulata groups. The EIF model was established via exhaustive swimming and rotarod tests. The body weight, exhaustive swimming time, and other physiological signs were recorded. Histological examination of skeletal muscle was conducted using HE staining. The concentrations of serum lactate, muscle glycogen, and liver glycogen, as well as the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in skeletal muscle, were measured using assay kits. Additionally, the expression levels of VEGFA and AKT1 proteins in skeletal muscle were assessed using Western Blotting and qRT-PCR. Metabolomic profiling of skeletal muscle was performed to identify differential metabolites and associated pathways, which were further integrated with network pharmacology results. Results: Network pharmacological identified 110 overlapping targets between Rhodiola crenulata and EIF. Key targets were identified as TNF, IL-6, VEGFA, and AKT1, while bioactive constituents included epicatechin, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate and others. Compared to the model group, administration of medium and high doses of Rhodiola crenulata extremely significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time (P<0.001), improved skeletal muscle fiber alignment, reduced serum lactate (P<0.001), elevated glycogen levels (P<0.001), and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels (P<0.001). High-dose administration markedly downregulated the protein expression of VEGFA and upregulated that of AKT1 (P<0.001). Metabolomics revealed 46 differential metabolites in skeletal muscle, primarily enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Integrated analysis highlighted glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism as pivotal pathways. Conclusion: Rhodiola crenulata alleviates EIF by ameliorating skeletal muscle pathology, promoting glycogen synthesis, reducing lactate accumulation, suppressing inflammation, and modulating lipid metabolism. This effect is potentially mediated via TNF, IL-6, VEGFA, AKT1, and the glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways.

, authors=Ying WANG1, Yan ZHANG1, Lijun XU2, Zongyao WU2, Ran YANG1, *, Yongqing ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Ying WANG, Yan ZHANG, Lijun XU, Zongyao WU, Ran YANG, Yongqing ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ran YANG, Yongqing ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889426650182160, articleId=1320889422170665459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学和代谢组学研究红景天抗运动性疲劳的作用机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:采用网络药理学、动物实验和代谢组学技术探究红景天抗运动性疲劳(Exercise-Induced Fatigue,EIF)的作用机制。方法:通过网络药理学方法筛选红景天主要化学成分的靶点和EIF相关的疾病靶点,构建交集靶点“蛋白-蛋白”互作网络,对关键靶点进行GO、KEGG通路富集分析;将C57BL/6N小鼠分为对照组、模型组、红景天低、中、高剂量组,通过力竭游泳和转棒的方法构建EIF模型,记录小鼠体重、力竭游泳时间等体征状态,采用HE染色测定骨骼肌病理状态,采用试剂盒法测定血清乳酸、肌糖原和肝糖原含量以及骨骼肌IL-6和TNF-α含量变化,采用Western Blotting和qRT-PCR测定骨骼肌中VEGFA、AKT1蛋白的表达水平;利用代谢组学技术对骨骼肌代谢谱进行分析,筛选差异代谢物及相关代谢通路;将代谢组学筛选的代谢通路结合网络药理学联合分析。结果:网络药理学实验显示,红景天成分与EIF的交集靶点110个,TNF、IL-6、VEGFA、AKT1等为红景天抗EIF的关键靶点,表儿茶素、槲皮素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等为红景天抗EIF的关键成分;动物实验显示,与模型组相比,红景天中高剂量组极显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间(P<0.001),改善EIF小鼠骨骼肌肌纤维排列,降低血清乳酸以及升高肌、肝糖原含量(P<0.001),并降低骨骼肌TNF-α、IL-6的含量(P<0.001),同时高剂量组极显著下调VEGFA以及上调AKT1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.001);代谢组学显示,红景天调节了EIF小鼠骨骼肌中46个差异代谢物,主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚麻酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢等通路。代谢组学与网络药理学联合分析显示,甘油磷脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢为红景天抗EIF的关键通路。结论:红景天可通过改善骨骼肌病理形态,促进糖原合成,减少乳酸积累,减轻炎症反应,缓解机体脂质代谢紊乱发挥抗EIF的作用,该作用可能与TNF、IL-6、VEGFA、AKT1等靶点以及甘油磷脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢通路有关。

, authors=王莹1, 张研1, 徐立军2, 吴宗耀2, 杨然1, *, 张永清1, *, authorsList=王莹, 张研, 徐立军, 吴宗耀, 杨然, 张永清, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨然, 张永清, authorNote=

王莹(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源产品开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨然(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:药食同源中药材研究与产品开发,E-mail:。
张永清(1962−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药材质量控制研究,E-mail:。
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王莹(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源产品开发,E-mail:

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注:方框代表靶点,箭头代表通路,圆圈代表成分。

, figureFileSmall=bgH56I2zyJpKNfpnYaQVHA==, figureFileBig=wsu94XSaG6n5jOqRWw1vwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431448465989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in body weight and exhaustive swimming time of mice, figureFileSmall=1jarU6bHt6zRvvpbuQ6v5A==, figureFileBig=plzrkfJju5Eh5Us1+G9w+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431532352070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小鼠体重变化和力竭游泳时间变化

注:与对照组比,##P<0.01表示较显著,###P<0.001表示极显著;与模型组比,*P<0.05表示显著,**P<0.01表示较显著,***P<0.001表示极显著;图7~图10同。

, figureFileSmall=1jarU6bHt6zRvvpbuQ6v5A==, figureFileBig=plzrkfJju5Eh5Us1+G9w+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431628821063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Pathomorphology of skeletal muscle in mice (400×), figureFileSmall=fT23vGW3MXUqTCf9wWAU5A==, figureFileBig=A3cMliMyRPXXbhL88q0kVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431700124232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图6, caption=小鼠骨骼肌病理形态学(400×)

注:A.对照组;B.模型组;C.红景天低剂量组;D. 红景天中剂量组;E. 红景天高剂量组。

, figureFileSmall=fT23vGW3MXUqTCf9wWAU5A==, figureFileBig=A3cMliMyRPXXbhL88q0kVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431767233097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of Rhodiola crenulata on the content of lactate, muscle and liver glycogen in mice, figureFileSmall=zeVM9YoAUy1VauBpGJD7/w==, figureFileBig=yy7LApaIM8a9VfC9dN8VqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431825953354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图7, caption=红景天对小鼠乳酸、肌糖原、肝糖原含量的影响, figureFileSmall=zeVM9YoAUy1VauBpGJD7/w==, figureFileBig=yy7LApaIM8a9VfC9dN8VqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889431939199563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in skeletal muscle, figureFileSmall=4QDhUcKQ8fnyDtOJTuwl3Q==, figureFileBig=nU0yX0bj6s09FoNlRAcxuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432023085644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图8, caption=骨骼肌中IL-6、TNF-α 水平, figureFileSmall=4QDhUcKQ8fnyDtOJTuwl3Q==, figureFileBig=nU0yX0bj6s09FoNlRAcxuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432090194509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Changes in VEGFA and p-AKT1/AKT1 protein expression in skeletal muscle, figureFileSmall=oncagzwlgHVblpUhg3vNTQ==, figureFileBig=UfZnWmHYndpdgVxw6iCHnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432157303374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图9, caption=骨骼肌VEGFA和p-AKT1/AKT1蛋白表达变化, figureFileSmall=oncagzwlgHVblpUhg3vNTQ==, figureFileBig=UfZnWmHYndpdgVxw6iCHnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432220217935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Changes in VEGFA and AKT1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle, figureFileSmall=AiqK651YwZ/7gP3bLgEJ8A==, figureFileBig=naBeaMKcv9ZKG2Yi6FIUYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432287326800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图10, caption=骨骼肌VEGFA和AKT1 mRNA表达变化, figureFileSmall=AiqK651YwZ/7gP3bLgEJ8A==, figureFileBig=naBeaMKcv9ZKG2Yi6FIUYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432358629969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Non-targeted multivariate statistical analysis of skeletal muscle, figureFileSmall=sSdC9WQPOLGKdbCR3pATVw==, figureFileBig=dRNifC9PuIYaHbh2H+zctg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889432480264786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图11, caption=骨骼肌组织非靶向多元统计学分析

注:(A)OPLS-DA得分图;(B)OPLS-DA模型验证。

, figureFileSmall=sSdC9WQPOLGKdbCR3pATVw==, figureFileBig=dRNifC9PuIYaHbh2H+zctg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889434040545875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Volcano plot and venn diagram of differential metabolites, figureFileSmall=wH3l54cwSIO7cI/aLN7Fdg==, figureFileBig=bTNi/3wW8qXEvM7KfdVEJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889434141209172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图12, caption=差异代谢物火山图和韦恩图

注:(A)模型组vs对照组差异代谢物;(B)红景天给药组vs模型组差异代谢物;(C)模型组vs对照组与给药组vs模型组共有差异代谢物。

, figureFileSmall=wH3l54cwSIO7cI/aLN7Fdg==, figureFileBig=bTNi/3wW8qXEvM7KfdVEJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889434241872469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=KEGG enrichment map of differential metabolites, figureFileSmall=TVmry+y+3Y82Azy1YTKpJg==, figureFileBig=kjQvDxGVqjjERxcaF00duQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889434313175638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=图13, caption=差异代谢物KEGG富集图, figureFileSmall=TVmry+y+3Y82Azy1YTKpJg==, figureFileBig=kjQvDxGVqjjERxcaF00duQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889434388673111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Identification and analysis of differential metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式模型组vs对照组给药组vs模型组
VIPP趋势VIPP趋势
1LPC(O-16:0/2:0)C26H54NO7P2.360.01↓1.850.03↑
23-甲酰水杨酸;2-羟基异苯二醛酸C8H6O42.440.00↓1.890.04↑
31-棕榈酰基-2-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱C42H84NO8P2.360.00↑1.450.03↓
4烟酰胺-腺嘌呤-二核苷酸C21H28N7O14P2+1.600.04↑2.200.03↓
52,3-丁二醇C4H10O21.650.03↑2.130.00↓
6二氢尿嘧啶C4H6N2O21.840.01↑2.270.02↓
7(3-丙烯酰胺丙基)三甲基氯化铵C9H19ClN2O2.070.00↓2.840.00↓
8LPC(18:1/0:0)C26H52NO7P2.500.00↓2.040.01↑
9甘氨脱氢胆酸C26H37NO62.270.00↓1.890.03↑
10辅酶CC37H68O41.760.01↓2.060.00↑
112-(环己基氨基)-5-硝基-N-((戊基氨基)羰基)-苯磺酰胺C18H28N4O5S1.540.04↑2.070.02↓
12芦荟素C21H22O91.980.04↑2.060.03↓
13PC(18:0/18:2)C44H84NO8P2.490.00↓2.000.00↑
142-Oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineC42H82NO8P2.440.01↑2.220.02↓
15PI(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))C47H83O13P1.700.05↑1.800.01↑
16多聚体酮AC28H46O62.230.00↓1.950.02↑
172-邻苯二甲酸-乙基己酯C24H38O42.440.00↓1.950.04↑
18他克莫司C44H69NO122.260.02↑1.740.05↓
19[2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphateC26H50NO7P2.150.00↓1.650.04↑
201,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N,N-dimethylC39H78NO8P2.210.01↑2.780.00↑
21(1-(5-氟戊基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)(2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙基)甲酮C21H28FNO2.080.00↑2.090.01↓
222-(羟甲基)-4-氧代丁酸酯C5H8O42.290.00↓2.020.01↑
23PE-NMe2(11D3/13M5)C50H88NO10P1.920.02↓2.250.00↑
24尼古丁C10H14N21.920.01↓1.900.01↑
25孕酮 3-生物素C38H59N5O5S1.610.03↓2.780.00↑
26辛索莱C20H34O21.690.02↓2.410.00↓
27Phe-Arg-Leu-GluC26H41N7O71.400.04↓2.040.02↑
28Phe-Val-Lys-LysC26H44N6O52.140.00↓1.630.04↑
29Ser-Ile-Asn-LysC19H36N6O72.290.00↓1.940.03↑
30KDN2-3Gal1-4GlcNAcSpC25H42N4O191.810.02↓2.690.00↑
31Tumonoic acid IC27H47NO72.130.00↓1.870.04↑
32葫芦素BC32H46O81.800.01↓2.580.00↓
33呋喃西林C14H21NO31.790.02↑2.170.01↑
346-甲巯基嘌呤C6H10O61.750.03↑2.290.00↑
359,10,13-三羟基-11-十八烯酸C18H34O52.130.00↑1.770.05↓
368-氧代十六烷酸C16H30O31.830.01↑1.890.02↓
371-棕榈酰-2-油酰-sn-glycero-3-(phospho-rac-(1-glycerol))C40H77O10P2.020.02↓2.080.03↑
38(R)-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丙酸酯;(R)-二氯丙酸C9H8Cl2O32.170.00↓2.500.01↑
39坎地沙坦酯C33H34N6O61.870.01↓2.080.01↓
40PA(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))C39H73O8P1.560.00↑2.730.00↑
41前列腺素B1C20H32O42.160.00↑2.150.01↓
42PS(18:0/20:4)C44H78NO10P2.180.00↓2.770.00↓
432-氧-2,3-二氢呋喃-5-乙酸盐C6H6O41.650.04↓2.010.04↑
441,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-L-丝氨酸C42H78NO10P2.210.00↓3.210.01↓
45酪氨酸-谷氨酸-缬氨酸-赖氨酸C25H39N5O81.910.01↓2.140.01↓
46N-花生四烯酰酪氨酸C29H41NO41.960.00↑2.040.01↓
), ArticleFig(id=1320889434468364888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889422170665459, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

差异代谢物鉴定分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物分子式模型组vs对照组给药组vs模型组
VIPP趋势VIPP趋势
1LPC(O-16:0/2:0)C26H54NO7P2.360.01↓1.850.03↑
23-甲酰水杨酸;2-羟基异苯二醛酸C8H6O42.440.00↓1.890.04↑
31-棕榈酰基-2-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱C42H84NO8P2.360.00↑1.450.03↓
4烟酰胺-腺嘌呤-二核苷酸C21H28N7O14P2+1.600.04↑2.200.03↓
52,3-丁二醇C4H10O21.650.03↑2.130.00↓
6二氢尿嘧啶C4H6N2O21.840.01↑2.270.02↓
7(3-丙烯酰胺丙基)三甲基氯化铵C9H19ClN2O2.070.00↓2.840.00↓
8LPC(18:1/0:0)C26H52NO7P2.500.00↓2.040.01↑
9甘氨脱氢胆酸C26H37NO62.270.00↓1.890.03↑
10辅酶CC37H68O41.760.01↓2.060.00↑
112-(环己基氨基)-5-硝基-N-((戊基氨基)羰基)-苯磺酰胺C18H28N4O5S1.540.04↑2.070.02↓
12芦荟素C21H22O91.980.04↑2.060.03↓
13PC(18:0/18:2)C44H84NO8P2.490.00↓2.000.00↑
142-Oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineC42H82NO8P2.440.01↑2.220.02↓
15PI(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))C47H83O13P1.700.05↑1.800.01↑
16多聚体酮AC28H46O62.230.00↓1.950.02↑
172-邻苯二甲酸-乙基己酯C24H38O42.440.00↓1.950.04↑
18他克莫司C44H69NO122.260.02↑1.740.05↓
19[2-hydroxy-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphateC26H50NO7P2.150.00↓1.650.04↑
201,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N,N-dimethylC39H78NO8P2.210.01↑2.780.00↑
21(1-(5-氟戊基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)(2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙基)甲酮C21H28FNO2.080.00↑2.090.01↓
222-(羟甲基)-4-氧代丁酸酯C5H8O42.290.00↓2.020.01↑
23PE-NMe2(11D3/13M5)C50H88NO10P1.920.02↓2.250.00↑
24尼古丁C10H14N21.920.01↓1.900.01↑
25孕酮 3-生物素C38H59N5O5S1.610.03↓2.780.00↑
26辛索莱C20H34O21.690.02↓2.410.00↓
27Phe-Arg-Leu-GluC26H41N7O71.400.04↓2.040.02↑
28Phe-Val-Lys-LysC26H44N6O52.140.00↓1.630.04↑
29Ser-Ile-Asn-LysC19H36N6O72.290.00↓1.940.03↑
30KDN2-3Gal1-4GlcNAcSpC25H42N4O191.810.02↓2.690.00↑
31Tumonoic acid IC27H47NO72.130.00↓1.870.04↑
32葫芦素BC32H46O81.800.01↓2.580.00↓
33呋喃西林C14H21NO31.790.02↑2.170.01↑
346-甲巯基嘌呤C6H10O61.750.03↑2.290.00↑
359,10,13-三羟基-11-十八烯酸C18H34O52.130.00↑1.770.05↓
368-氧代十六烷酸C16H30O31.830.01↑1.890.02↓
371-棕榈酰-2-油酰-sn-glycero-3-(phospho-rac-(1-glycerol))C40H77O10P2.020.02↓2.080.03↑
38(R)-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丙酸酯;(R)-二氯丙酸C9H8Cl2O32.170.00↓2.500.01↑
39坎地沙坦酯C33H34N6O61.870.01↓2.080.01↓
40PA(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))C39H73O8P1.560.00↑2.730.00↑
41前列腺素B1C20H32O42.160.00↑2.150.01↓
42PS(18:0/20:4)C44H78NO10P2.180.00↓2.770.00↓
432-氧-2,3-二氢呋喃-5-乙酸盐C6H6O41.650.04↓2.010.04↑
441,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸-L-丝氨酸C42H78NO10P2.210.00↓3.210.01↓
45酪氨酸-谷氨酸-缬氨酸-赖氨酸C25H39N5O81.910.01↓2.140.01↓
46N-花生四烯酰酪氨酸C29H41NO41.960.00↑2.040.01↓
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基于网络药理学和代谢组学研究红景天抗运动性疲劳的作用机制
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王莹 1 , 张研 1 , 徐立军 2 , 吴宗耀 2 , 杨然 1, * , 张永清 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(2): 419-428
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (2) : 419 -428
基于网络药理学和代谢组学研究红景天抗运动性疲劳的作用机制
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王莹1 , 张研1, 徐立军2, 吴宗耀2, 杨然1, * , 张永清1, *
作者信息
  • 1山东中医药大学药学院,山东济南 250355
  • 2西藏藏医药大学藏医药研究所,西藏拉萨 850000
通讯作者:
杨然(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:药食同源中药材研究与产品开发,E-mail:。
张永清(1962−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药材质量控制研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王莹(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源产品开发,E-mail:

Mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata Against Exercise-induced Fatigue Based on Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics
Ying WANG1 , Yan ZHANG1, Lijun XU2, Zongyao WU2, Ran YANG1, * , Yongqing ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
  • 2Institute of Tibetan Medicine, Tibet University of Tibetan Medicine, Lasa 850000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120295
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目的:采用网络药理学、动物实验和代谢组学技术探究红景天抗运动性疲劳(Exercise-Induced Fatigue,EIF)的作用机制。方法:通过网络药理学方法筛选红景天主要化学成分的靶点和EIF相关的疾病靶点,构建交集靶点“蛋白-蛋白”互作网络,对关键靶点进行GO、KEGG通路富集分析;将C57BL/6N小鼠分为对照组、模型组、红景天低、中、高剂量组,通过力竭游泳和转棒的方法构建EIF模型,记录小鼠体重、力竭游泳时间等体征状态,采用HE染色测定骨骼肌病理状态,采用试剂盒法测定血清乳酸、肌糖原和肝糖原含量以及骨骼肌IL-6和TNF-α含量变化,采用Western Blotting和qRT-PCR测定骨骼肌中VEGFA、AKT1蛋白的表达水平;利用代谢组学技术对骨骼肌代谢谱进行分析,筛选差异代谢物及相关代谢通路;将代谢组学筛选的代谢通路结合网络药理学联合分析。结果:网络药理学实验显示,红景天成分与EIF的交集靶点110个,TNF、IL-6、VEGFA、AKT1等为红景天抗EIF的关键靶点,表儿茶素、槲皮素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等为红景天抗EIF的关键成分;动物实验显示,与模型组相比,红景天中高剂量组极显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间(P<0.001),改善EIF小鼠骨骼肌肌纤维排列,降低血清乳酸以及升高肌、肝糖原含量(P<0.001),并降低骨骼肌TNF-α、IL-6的含量(P<0.001),同时高剂量组极显著下调VEGFA以及上调AKT1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.001);代谢组学显示,红景天调节了EIF小鼠骨骼肌中46个差异代谢物,主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚麻酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢等通路。代谢组学与网络药理学联合分析显示,甘油磷脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢为红景天抗EIF的关键通路。结论:红景天可通过改善骨骼肌病理形态,促进糖原合成,减少乳酸积累,减轻炎症反应,缓解机体脂质代谢紊乱发挥抗EIF的作用,该作用可能与TNF、IL-6、VEGFA、AKT1等靶点以及甘油磷脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢通路有关。

红景天  /  运动性疲劳  /  网络药理学  /  代谢组学

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue (EIF) through integrated network pharmacology, animal experiments, and metabolomics. Methods: Network pharmacology was employed to screen potential targets of active components and EIF-related disease targets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of overlapping targets were constructed, followed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. C57BL/6N mice were divided into control, EIF model, and low, medium, and high-dose Rhodiola crenulata groups. The EIF model was established via exhaustive swimming and rotarod tests. The body weight, exhaustive swimming time, and other physiological signs were recorded. Histological examination of skeletal muscle was conducted using HE staining. The concentrations of serum lactate, muscle glycogen, and liver glycogen, as well as the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in skeletal muscle, were measured using assay kits. Additionally, the expression levels of VEGFA and AKT1 proteins in skeletal muscle were assessed using Western Blotting and qRT-PCR. Metabolomic profiling of skeletal muscle was performed to identify differential metabolites and associated pathways, which were further integrated with network pharmacology results. Results: Network pharmacological identified 110 overlapping targets between Rhodiola crenulata and EIF. Key targets were identified as TNF, IL-6, VEGFA, and AKT1, while bioactive constituents included epicatechin, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate and others. Compared to the model group, administration of medium and high doses of Rhodiola crenulata extremely significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time (P<0.001), improved skeletal muscle fiber alignment, reduced serum lactate (P<0.001), elevated glycogen levels (P<0.001), and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels (P<0.001). High-dose administration markedly downregulated the protein expression of VEGFA and upregulated that of AKT1 (P<0.001). Metabolomics revealed 46 differential metabolites in skeletal muscle, primarily enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Integrated analysis highlighted glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism as pivotal pathways. Conclusion: Rhodiola crenulata alleviates EIF by ameliorating skeletal muscle pathology, promoting glycogen synthesis, reducing lactate accumulation, suppressing inflammation, and modulating lipid metabolism. This effect is potentially mediated via TNF, IL-6, VEGFA, AKT1, and the glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways.

Rhodiola crenulata  /  exercise-induced fatigue  /  network pharmacology  /  metabolomics
王莹, 张研, 徐立军, 吴宗耀, 杨然, 张永清. 基于网络药理学和代谢组学研究红景天抗运动性疲劳的作用机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 419 -428 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120295
Ying WANG, Yan ZHANG, Lijun XU, Zongyao WU, Ran YANG, Yongqing ZHANG. Mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata Against Exercise-induced Fatigue Based on Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 419 -428 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120295
运动性疲劳(Exercise-Induced Fatigue,EIF)是指机体在生理过程中不能维持其机能在一定水平上或不能维持预定的运动强度,如果不能得到及时缓解,将进一步引发机体心律失常、内分泌紊乱、肌肉酸中毒、重症肌无力等疾病[1]。药物治疗EIF的副作用日益引发关注,现代营养学研究发现,科学设计的膳食补充策略能显著延缓EIF的发生与发展,如补充枸杞多糖、膳食鱼油、复方黄精组合物水提液等均能够有效缓解实验动物的体力疲劳[2−4]。在这一背景下,消费者更倾向于选择药食同源目录中兼具安全性与功效性的天然替代方案。
早在两千多年前,藏族人民就普遍使用红景天用于消除劳累,尤其是长途跋涉、体力劳动或高海拔环境下产生的疲劳[5]。红景天具有药食同源属性,市面上已有多款红景天制品用于缓解EIF症状,如红景天淫羊藿西洋参胶囊、红景天沙棘西洋参胶囊以及红景天精氨酸胶囊等。但是,目前对于红景天抗EIF的研究主要是通过检测相关的生理指标作为评价,如MDA、SOD等氧化应激因子的水平,肝糖原、肌糖原等能量物质的供应,琥珀酸脱氢酶、ATP酶等能量代谢酶的活性,尿素氮、乳酸等代谢产物的积累,以及DA、5-HT、NGF等神经递质的水平[6−8],而对其具体机制和通路的探究较少。殷娟娟[9]首次从抑制骨骼肌凋亡角度探讨了红景天抗EIF的功效,蔡浩刚等[10]、杨芳芳[11]研究发现红景天苷是红景天抗EIF的功效成分,其作用可能与AMP、Nrf2、Keap1-Nrf2-ARE通路调节脂肪代谢、氧化应激有关。近些年,生物信息技术和组学技术的兴起,为药效成分的深度挖掘和作用机制的深入探索开辟了新的途径。
因此,为了进一步阐述红景天抗EIF的作用,该文采用网络药理学和代谢组学方法,从上游化学成分到下游代谢产物,进一步挖掘药效成分、作用靶点和通路,红景天属于药食同源植物,应用领域极为广泛,全面阐述其功效机制也将促进其综合开发利用以及相关功能性产品的研发。
SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠 40只,6周龄,体重(21±3)g,购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,许可证号:SYXK(鲁)2022-0009,实验经山东中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(编号:SDUTCM20231007921);红景天中药材 购于西藏藏药材市场,经西藏藏医药大学吴宗耀教授鉴定为景天科植物大花红景天Rhodiola crenulata的干燥根和根茎;乳酸、肌/肝糖原测定试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;IL-6、TNF-α ELISA试剂盒 上海酶联生物科技有限公司;RIRA裂解液、Trizol RNA抽提试剂 碧云天生物技术有限公司;BCA蛋白定量试剂盒 赛默飞世尔科技;PCR专用反转录试剂、高特异性qPCR试剂 宝日医生物技术有限公司;HRP偶联兔抗鼠二抗、兔源VEGFA、AKT1、p-AKT1一抗、兔源GAPDH抗体 Abcam公司;超敏ECL化学发光试剂盒 山东思科捷生物技术有限公司;甲醇、乙腈 Merk公司;氨水、甲酸 色谱纯,Aladdin公司;乙酸 色谱纯,罗恩公司。
ZB-200疲劳旋转棒测定仪 成都泰盟科技有限公司;SpectraMax M2酶标仪 美谷分子仪器上海有限公司;CFX96 Touch伯乐PCR仪 上海巴玖实业有限公司;Triple TOF 6600+质谱仪 上海爱博才思分析仪器贸易有限公司;LC-30A超高效液相色谱仪 岛津实验器材有限公司;SureLock Tandem中型垂直电泳槽、E-Gel Imager凝胶成像系统 赛默飞世尔科技。
通过文献和中药系统药理学分析平台检索获取红景天化学成分,根据口服生物利用度≥30%,类药性≥0.18筛选,得到红景天有效成分,通过Swiss Target Prediction数据库(https://swisstargetprediction.ch)以“Homo sapiens”为物种,将各有效成分Probability>0的前20个靶点进行整理,获得有效成分对应的靶点。以“exercise-induced fatigue”、“EIF”为关键词在Genecard(https://www.genecards.org)、OMIM(https://www.omim.org)数据库中获取疾病靶点,合并去重。
采用Venny2.1.0将红景天化学成分靶点与EIF疾病靶点取交集,绘制韦恩图,交集靶点即为红景天抗EIF的潜在靶点。
将上述交集靶点导入STRING数据库(https://cn.string-db.org/),物种设置为“Homo sapiens”,绘制PPI互作网络图。利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件对其进行拓扑参数分析,根据Degree值对靶点进行排序。
利用DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析,分别选取排名前10和前20的关键条目进行可视化。
选取KEGG分析中P-value值最高的20条通路映射到相互交叉的靶点和化学成分上,绘制“成分-靶点-通路”网络图。
取红景天干燥药材50 g,粉碎后过60目筛,按照料液比1:10(mL/g)加入蒸馏水,在90 ℃下冷凝回流1 h,重复3次。提取液合并浓缩后,采用50 ℃热风干燥,得红景天提取物粉末9.5 g,用于动物给药。
小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、红景天低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg·kg−1)[12−14],每组8只。
采用“力竭游泳+疲劳转棒”的方法建立小鼠EIF模型[15−17]:力竭游泳,小鼠负重体重的5%,于玻璃圆缸中(12 cm×40 cm,水深≥30 cm)游泳;疲劳转棒,设置转棒仪转速25 r·min−1。每天上午给药后进行力竭游泳,下午疲劳转棒。造模1周后给药,不同剂量给药组将红景天提取物粉末采用生理盐水溶解后灌胃,对照组和模型组灌胃生理盐水,连续给药3周,每天1次,每日记录小鼠体重和力竭游泳时间。模型评价:负重游泳时间缩短、骨骼肌出现形态学改变、乳酸和糖原代谢障碍等,均提示造模成功[15]。
实验结束当天,异氟烷麻醉摘取眼球取血,以4 ℃、3000 r·min−1离心20 min后取血清备用;小鼠处死后取骨骼肌和肝脏,骨骼肌脱水后加入石蜡中包埋冷凝成块,HE染色后置于光学显微镜下进行观察(400×)。
采用相应试剂盒测定肌糖原、肝糖原和血清乳酸的含量;利用ELASA试剂盒测定骨骼肌中IL-6和TNF-α水平。
液氮研磨骨骼肌后,根据RIPA裂解液说明书提取总蛋白,利用BCA试剂盒测定总蛋白浓度。蛋白样品经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,转至PVDF膜,加入脱脂牛奶封闭1 h后,分别加入GAPDH(1:10000)、VEGFA(1:1000)、AKT1(1:1000)、p-AKT1(1:500)抗体,4 ℃孵育过夜;弃去一抗,洗膜后加入二抗(1:10000),室温孵育2 h,加入超敏ECL化学发光试剂显影,采用Image J软件分析灰度值。
按照Triol试剂说明书提取骨骼肌总RNA,经反转录合成cDNA后,采用PCR仪进行扩增,以GAPDH为内参检测VEGFA和AKT1的mRNA表达水平。引物由生工生物工程股份有限公司合成,引物序列如下:GAPDH-F:5’-GGCAAATTCAACGGCACAGTCAAG-3’,GAPDH-R:5’-TCGCTCCTGGAAGATGGTGATGG-3’;AKT1-F:5’-TCAGGATGTGGATCAGCGAGAGTC-3’,AKT1-R:5’-AGGCAGCGGATGATAAAGGTGTTG-3’。
取20 mg骨骼肌匀浆后,加入400 μL 70%甲醇充分振荡,以4 ℃,12000 r·min−1离心10 min,取上清液,−20 ℃冰箱中静置30 min。再次离心后取上清液进行UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析。
色谱条件:Waters ACQUITY Premier HSS T3色谱柱(1.8 μm,100×2.1 mm);柱温40 ℃;流速0.4 mL·min−1;流动相A为0.1%甲酸/水,流动相B为0.1%甲酸/乙腈,洗脱梯度(0~2 min,95% A;2~5 min,80%~14% A;5~6 min,40%~1% A;6~7.6 min,1~95% A;7.6~10 min,95% A)。质谱条件:采集时间10 min;正负离子模式,离子化电压±5000 V;离子源温度550 ℃;去簇电压±60 V;一级质荷比检测范围50~1000 Da,二级子离子质荷比检测范围25~1000 Da;一级扫描累计时间0.2 s;二级扫描累计时间0.04 s。
质谱原始数据利用ProteoWizard将原始数据转换为mzXML格式,采用XCMS程序进行峰提取和保留时间校正。校正筛选后的峰通过检索迈维云平台(https://www.metware.cn/)实验室自建数据库以及metDNA方法进行代谢物鉴定。将筛选后的高质量数据基于迈维云平台进行PCA、OPLS-DA、差异代谢物筛选、差异代谢物溯源、KEGG功能注释及富集分析等。采用ANOVA单因素方差分析组与组之间差异,当P<0.05时认为其在统计学上具有显著性。
共检索红景天中272种化学成分,经Swiss ADME筛选后得到88种活性成分。经Swiss target预测得活性成分对应的靶点297个。经检索OMIM、Genecard数据库得EIF靶点1675个。将以上靶点取交集,绘制韦恩图(图1),交集靶点共110个。
PPI网络(图2)中共有节点数120个,节点代表蛋白质,边数1562条,边代表蛋白质之间的关联。一个节点的度数(degree)是指与之相连的边的数量,选取Degree值≥30的节点,其中排名前5的分别为TNF、IL6、VEGFA、AKT1、MAPK3,预测其为红景天抗EIF的关键靶点。
GO功能富集(图3A)包括生物过程(BP)、分子功能(MF)和细胞组成(CC)三个因素,每因素选取排名前10条可视化,显示红景天可通过调节磷酸化反应(phosphorylation)、炎症反应(inflammatory response),影响蛋白激酶(kinase activity)、能量代谢(ATP binding)等过程,作用于质膜(plasma membrane)、细胞质(cytosol)等部位发挥抗EIF的作用。KEGG富集(图3B)共得到条目147条,选取前20条可视化,显示红景天可通过调节TNF、VEGF、PI3K-AKT、甘油磷脂代谢(Glycerophospholipid metabolism)、花生四烯酸代谢(arachidonic acid metabolism)等信号通路来缓解EIF。
由图4可知,图4中共有151个节点,568条边。靶点TNF、AKT1与20条通路都相关,IL-6、VEGFA各连接14条通路,为关键靶点。Degree表示了节点的交联性,排序前五名的有表儿茶素、槲皮素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、香茅醇、7-methyl-3-methylene-6-octen-1-ol,为红景天抗EIF的关键成分。其中,表儿茶素作为一种黄烷醇类化合物,具有清除氧化产物、抑制炎症等活性[18-19],如其可明显抑制脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞中炎症因子的释放[20]。槲皮素已被报道可通过调控AKT1信号通路调节细胞功能[21],还可调节核因子κB活性,减少TNF-α的合成分泌从而减少炎症的发生[22]。该研究表明红景天抗EIF作用是多成分、多靶点相互作用。
由图5可知,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠体重变化率呈下降趋势,负重游泳时间极显著下降(P<0.001),提示运动疲劳造模成功。各给药组体重先上升后下降,其中红景天高剂量组较低中剂量组体重恢复较明显。力竭游泳结果显示,与模型组相比,红景天中、高剂量组游泳时间极显著升高(P<0.001),表明红景天能明显延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,缓解小鼠EIF状态。
HE染色显示(图6),对照组小鼠骨骼肌肌纤维排列齐整,模型组肌纤维排列杂乱,出现水肿充血现象,纤维之间距离增大,炎症细胞浸润在肌细胞之间。与模型组相比,红景天给药组骨骼肌肌纤维间隔变窄,炎症细胞浸润现象缓解,并且随着红景天药物浓度增高,肌肉组织受损改善越明显。
由图7可知,与对照组相比,模型组乳酸的含量极显著升高(P<0.001),肝糖原的含量较显著降低(P<0.01),肌糖原变化不明显(P>0.05);与模型组相比,红景天中、高剂量组乳酸含量极显著降低(P<0.001),肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著性升高(P<0.001),变化趋势均高于低剂量组。这表明红景天可通过促进糖原储备,减少乳酸等代谢产物的堆积,为机体运行供能,进而缓解EIF。
机体超负荷的运动会导致肌纤维损伤、代谢废物积累,加重炎症反应,促进炎症因子释放[23]。如图8所示,与对照组相比,模型组骨骼肌中IL-6极显著升高(P<0.001),TNF-α的含量较显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,红景天各给药组IL-6水平极显著下降(P<0.001),红景天中、高剂量组TNF-α水平极显著下降(P<0.001),低剂量组TNF-α变化不明显(P>0.05)。由此推测红景天可通过抑制IL-6、TNF-α炎症因子水平改善EIF。
在炎症反应中,VEGFA的表达水平会显著上调,以应对组织对血管生成的需求[24−25]。Western Blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组骨骼肌中VEGFA水平极显著升高(P<0.001),与模型组比,给药组VEGFA水平降低,且高剂量组最为显著(P<0.001),提示红景天可通过下调VEGFA水平减轻炎症反应。
AKT1蛋白激酶B可通过调节葡萄糖代谢的GLUT1和GLUT4等转运体,控制机体对葡萄糖的消化吸收,同时AKT1还参与脂肪酸氧化等物质的代谢过程[26]。与对照组比较,模型组p-AKT1蛋白降低,红景天干预后,与模型组比较,p-AKT1蛋白表达水平增加,中、高剂量组更为显著(P<0.001)(图9),提示红景天可通过上调AKT1相关蛋白的表达,减少葡萄糖能量消耗缓解运动疲劳。
以GAPDH为内参,测定骨骼肌VEGFA和AKT1 mRNA的表达水平,结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组VEGFA的mRNA表达呈较显著上调趋势(P<0.01),AKT1 mRNA水平极显著降低(P<0.001);与模型组相比,给药组VEGFA mRNA表达呈下调趋势,AKT1 mRNA表达水平升高,中、高剂量组变化均更为显著(P<0.001)(图10)。
共从骨骼肌样本中鉴定3060个代谢物,正离子模式1707个,负离子模式1353个。为最大程度反映各组别间的差异,采用OPLS-DA建模,绘制各组样本的OPLS-DA得分,由图11可知,对照组、模型组以及红景天高剂量给药组均分布在不同的象限内,组内之间相互聚集,组间具有明显的区分度,即各组间骨骼肌的内源性代谢产物存在显著性差异,给药组有向对照组靠近的趋势,证明红景天对EIF具有一定改善作用。本模型对数据进行200次随机排列组合实验,参数R2X=0.366,R2Y=0.992,Q2=0.591(P<0.005),表明该模型没有出现过拟合现象,结果有效可靠。
以OPLS-DA模型中VIP>1,单变量分析的P<0.05为条件进行差异代谢物筛选。模型组与对照组共鉴定296个差异代谢物,105个上调,191个下调(图12A),推测EIF的产生与以上化合物含量变化有关系;红景天给药组与模型组共鉴定189个差异代谢物,70个上调,119个下调(图12B),将模型组vs对照组与红景天给药组vs模型组鉴定的差异代谢物进行Venny分析(图12C),得到共有的潜在差异代谢物46个(表1),即红景天抗EIF的作用可能与这些代谢物有关,代谢物种类主要包括甘油磷脂类、苯及其衍生物、氨基酸及其代谢物等。
将差异代谢物进行代谢通路富集分析,选取排名前20的通路可视化,涉及的主要有甘油磷脂代谢(Glycerophospholipid metabolism)、α-亚麻酸代谢(alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism)、亚麻酸代谢(Linolenic acid metabolism)、花生四烯酸代谢(Arachidonic acid metabolism)等代谢通路(图13)。
将网络药理学KEGG富集通路与差异代谢物富集通路进行交集处理,共得到了2条具有统计学意义的共同通路:甘油磷脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢。甘油磷脂是构成膜脂的基本成分,包括磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI),急性大强度运动可引起甘油磷脂代谢的变化[27]。Veen等[28]研究发现细胞中PC/PE摩尔比会影响能量代谢,PC的减少或分解代谢增加会造成肌纤维内膜电位降低,线粒体自噬增加,进而造成组织结构异常[29]。在前面代谢组学研究中,与对照组比,模型组中PC类成分LPC(O-16:0/2:0)、LPC(18:1/0:0)、PC(18:0/18:2)等含量下调,与模型组比,给药组中PC类成分含量上调,提示红景天可能通过影响PC代谢缓解EIF。大强度运动还可通过影响细胞膜的功能来进一步影响运动性能,Cikes等[30]发现敲除PE的合成基因PCYT2可以影响细胞膜脂质双分子层的物理化学性质,进一步损害肌膜稳定性和运动耐力,该研究中,与模型组相比,给药组中差异代谢产物PE-NMe2(11D3/13M5)显著上调,这提示红景天抗EIF可能与PE类成分代谢有关。此外,Veen等[31]证明了PC和PE类成分含量的升高,会促进肝脏将丙酮酸、乳酸等转化生成糖原,在前面动物实验研究中,给药组降低了EIF小鼠血清乳酸含量,升高了肝糖原水平,这可能也与升高PC和PE水平有关。因此,该研究推测,甘油磷脂代谢尤其是PC、PE的含量变化与EIF的产生密切相关,红景天给药组可以通过升高PC和PE水平,缓解肌纤维组织和肌膜损伤,促进乳酸代谢和糖原生成,进而缓解EIF症状。花生四烯酸通路在炎症中发挥重要作用,其代谢产物可以调控炎症细胞的活性和IL-6和TNF-α等炎症介质的释放[32]。在前面动物实验研究中,红景天可通过降低骨骼肌炎症细胞浸润、降低IL-6和TNF-α的含量进而缓解EIF的产生,结合网络药理学和代谢组学的通路分析,提示该作用也与花生四烯酸通路相关。
综上,本研究采用网络药理学、动物实验结合代谢组学对红景天抗EIF的主要活性成分、靶点和通路进行预测和验证,证明红景天能够改善小鼠的运动疲劳指标,保护骨骼肌炎症损伤,增加肌糖原和肝糖原生成,减少乳酸积累,该作用可能与TNF、IL6、VEGFA、AKT1等靶点以及甘油磷脂代谢和花生四烯酸代谢通路有关。后续也将采用基因编辑、转录组测序等技术进一步验证和深化这些机制,同时性别因素在本实验中未被充分考虑,虽然雄性小鼠在体力活动和代谢方面具有一定的代表性,但雌性小鼠中雌激素等性激素可能影响能量代谢和肌肉恢复等过程,从而影响红景天的抗运动性疲劳效果,因此未来的研究也会将雄性和雌性小鼠进行实验,并对比两者之间的差异。
在红景天的临床转化上,未来研究将聚焦于与制药及医疗机构合作,结合人工智能算法分析消费者需求和优化工艺配方,开发新型药物或功能性产品,并通过临床观察和长期随访,评估其改善EIF症状及提升生活质量的效果,为临床应用奠定坚实基础。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120295
  • 接收时间:2024-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24
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    1山东中医药大学药学院,山东济南 250355
    2西藏藏医药大学藏医药研究所,西藏拉萨 850000

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杨然(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:药食同源中药材研究与产品开发,E-mail:。
张永清(1962−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药材质量控制研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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