Article(id=1320889372631744869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120223, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734364800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854167373, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854167373, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854167373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854167373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=227, endPage=237, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889372929540454, articleId=1320889372631744869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation and Activity of Anti-inflammatory Peptides from White Kidney Bean by Ultrasonic-assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the optimal extraction process and anti-inflammatory activity of white kidney bean polypeptides (WKBPs), this study employed white kidney bean protein as raw material and hydrolyzed white kidney bean protein by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, utilizing the inhibition rate of bovine serum protein degeneration as the index. We identified the optimal extraction process with a single-factor combined response surface method and separated the prepared white kidney bean crude peptides with ultrafiltration tubes of different molecular weights. This study determined the anti-inflammatory activity of various components in vitro, detected the optimal components by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and examined the anti-inflammatory peptide segments by virtual screening and molecular docking techniques. The results indicated that the inhibition rate of WKBPs on bovine serum protein denaturation was 86.57% under the conditions of 166 W ultrasonic power, 18000 U/g enzyme addition, 128 min enzymatic hydrolysis time, and 46 ℃ enzymatic hydrolysis temperature. After ultrafiltration, the components with Mw<1 kDa revealed good anti-inflammatory activity (bovine serum protein denaturation inhibition, hyaluronidase inhibition, and NO inhibition), and the IC50 values were 1.181, 9.244 and 10.887 mg/mL, respectively. We detected 3306 peptides by LC-MS/MS, of which 73% were peptide sequences ranging from 3 to 10. Virtual screening Vina score with type and induced nitric oxide synthase (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) binding energy minimum peptide sequence of 4 peptide FFFR, molecular docking visualization findings demonstrated that 4-peptide FFFR could bind to the active site of iNOS via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, thus exerting inhibitory effects. This study serves as a reference for further research on the anti-inflammatory activity of WKBPs.

, authors=Tong LIU1, Xiaoyan XIE1, Ying WANG1, 2, 3, *, Yunxi ZHANG1, Sinan LI4, Zhaohang ZUO1, Weiqiao PANG1, Lu ZHANG4, *, Xiao GUAN5, Zili ZHAO6, Bing LI6, authorsList=Tong LIU, Xiaoyan XIE, Ying WANG, Yunxi ZHANG, Sinan LI, Zhaohang ZUO, Weiqiao PANG, Lu ZHANG, Xiao GUAN, Zili ZHAO, Bing LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying WANG, Lu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889381280399741, articleId=1320889372631744869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超声辅助酶解法制备白芸豆抗炎肽及其活性研究, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究制备白芸豆多肽(White kidney bean polypeptides,WKBPs)的最佳提取工艺及其体外抗炎活性,本研究以白芸豆蛋白为原料,采用超声辅助酶解法水解白芸豆蛋白,以牛血清蛋白变性抑制率为指标,通过单因素结合响应面法确定最佳提取工艺,采用不同分子量的超滤管对制备的白芸豆粗肽进行分级分离,测定不同组分体外抗炎活性,并对最佳组分进行液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)检测,利用虚拟筛选及分子对接技术探究其抗炎肽段。结果表明:在超声功率166 W,酶添加量18000 U/g,酶解时间128 min,酶解温度46 ℃的条件下,WKBPs对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率为86.57%,超滤后Mw<1 kDa的组分具有较好的抗炎活性(牛血清蛋白变性抑制能力、透明质酸酶抑制能力和NO抑制能力IC50值分别为1.181、9.244、10.887 mg/mL)。LC-MS/MS共鉴定出3306条肽段,其中肽序列为3~10的占比73%,虚拟筛选得到与诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)结合能最低的肽序列为4肽FFFR,分子对接可视化结果显示4肽FFFR可以与iNOS的活性位点通过氢键和疏水相互作用产生结合,从而发挥抑制作用。本实验为进一步研究WKBPs的抗炎活性提供参考。

, authors=刘童1, 谢晓妍1, 王颖1, 2, 3, *, 张芸溪1, 李思楠4, 佐兆杭1, 庞惟俏1, 张璐4, *, 管骁5, 赵自力6, 李冰6, authorsList=刘童, 谢晓妍, 王颖, 张芸溪, 李思楠, 佐兆杭, 庞惟俏, 张璐, 管骁, 赵自力, 李冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王颖, 张璐, authorNote=

刘童(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
张璐(1987−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品开发与精准营养及功效评价,E-mail:。
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刘童(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

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注:图中不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05);图4、图5同。

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注:图(A)表示肽FFFR与iNOS结合的稳定结合结构;图(B)表示肽FFFR-iNOS配合物的预测结合模型;图(C)表示肽FFFR与iNOS结合位点残基之间的相互作用。

, figureFileSmall=qsIkl27VGL7XRlnpsRjw7Q==, figureFileBig=teTsbnn0/rexYcPqIHAbkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889404277768681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
A酶添加量(U/g)120001600020000
B酶解时间(min)90120150
C酶解温度(℃)404550
D超声功率(W)150175200
), ArticleFig(id=1320889404378431978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素水平

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因素水平
−101
A酶添加量(U/g)120001600020000
B酶解时间(min)90120150
C酶解温度(℃)404550
D超声功率(W)150175200
), ArticleFig(id=1320889404713976299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface experiment design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABCDR(%)
1100−181.9058
2−110050.1349
3000085.3582
400−1168.0975
5000084.1789
6001175.0843
7101068.5202
80−11064.4782
90−1−1054.5263
10001−172.9013
1100−1−172.6420
12000083.9552
131−10051.5444
14−100175.6630
150−10170.8593
16110078.8571
17010−176.3725
18100162.3069
1901−1067.1464
20−100−154.8988
21000085.9673
22−10−1059.6494
23010160.3278
24000084.8597
250−10−161.5079
2610−1064.9832
27011066.4436
28−101067.1951
29−1−10064.2525
), ArticleFig(id=1320889404776890860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABCDR(%)
1100−181.9058
2−110050.1349
3000085.3582
400−1168.0975
5000084.1789
6001175.0843
7101068.5202
80−11064.4782
90−1−1054.5263
10001−172.9013
1100−1−172.6420
12000083.9552
131−10051.5444
14−100175.6630
150−10170.8593
16110078.8571
17010−176.3725
18100162.3069
1901−1067.1464
20−100−154.8988
21000085.9673
22−10−1059.6494
23010160.3278
24000084.8597
250−10−161.5079
2610−1064.9832
27011066.4436
28−101067.1951
29−1−10064.2525
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405133406701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression model analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型3049.914217.8572.46<0.0001**
A109.951109.9536.57<0.0001**
B85.94185.9428.590.0001**
C63.38163.3821.080.0004**
D5.1915.191.730.2101
AB429.121429.12142.73<0.0001**
AC4.0214.021.340.267
AD407.291407.29135.47<0.0001**
BC28.38128.389.440.0083**
BD161.241161.2453.63<0.0001**
CD11.31111.313.760.0728
A2814.461814.46270.9<0.0001**
B21077.4111077.41358.37< 0.0001**
C2467.11467.1155.37<0.0001**
D2138.661138.6646.12<0.0001**
剩余42.09143.01
失拟项39.33103.935.710.0539不显著
纯误差2.7640.6892
总和3091.9928
R2=0.9864
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405217292782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归模型方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型3049.914217.8572.46<0.0001**
A109.951109.9536.57<0.0001**
B85.94185.9428.590.0001**
C63.38163.3821.080.0004**
D5.1915.191.730.2101
AB429.121429.12142.73<0.0001**
AC4.0214.021.340.267
AD407.291407.29135.47<0.0001**
BC28.38128.389.440.0083**
BD161.241161.2453.63<0.0001**
CD11.31111.313.760.0728
A2814.461814.46270.9<0.0001**
B21077.4111077.41358.37< 0.0001**
C2467.11467.1155.37<0.0001**
D2138.661138.6646.12<0.0001**
剩余42.09143.01
失拟项39.33103.935.710.0539不显著
纯误差2.7640.6892
总和3091.9928
R2=0.9864
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405330538991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Amino acid composition of WKBPs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类含量(%)
天冬氨酸(Asp)5.145
苏氨酸(Thr)e2.159
丝氨酸(Ser)2.484
谷氨酸(Glu)7.821
甘氨酸(Gly)h1.846
丙氨酸(Ala)h1.975
缬氨酸(Val)eh2.416
半胱氨酸(Cys)0.124
蛋氨酸(Met)eh0.697
异亮氨酸(Ile)eh1.933
亮氨酸(Leu)eh3.578
酪氨酸(Tyr)1.501
苯丙氨酸(Phe)eh2.095
组氨酸(His)1.413
赖氨酸(Lys)e3.178
精氨酸(Arg)2.933
脯氨酸(Pro)h2.139
必需氨基酸16.056
疏水性氨基酸16.679
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405527671280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

WKBPs中氨基酸组成成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类含量(%)
天冬氨酸(Asp)5.145
苏氨酸(Thr)e2.159
丝氨酸(Ser)2.484
谷氨酸(Glu)7.821
甘氨酸(Gly)h1.846
丙氨酸(Ala)h1.975
缬氨酸(Val)eh2.416
半胱氨酸(Cys)0.124
蛋氨酸(Met)eh0.697
异亮氨酸(Ile)eh1.933
亮氨酸(Leu)eh3.578
酪氨酸(Tyr)1.501
苯丙氨酸(Phe)eh2.095
组氨酸(His)1.413
赖氨酸(Lys)e3.178
精氨酸(Arg)2.933
脯氨酸(Pro)h2.139
必需氨基酸16.056
疏水性氨基酸16.679
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405594780145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Relative molecular mass distribution results

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分子量(kDa)峰面积(%)
>35.113
3~116.863
<178.024
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405661889010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

相对分子质量分布结果

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分子量(kDa)峰面积(%)
>35.113
3~116.863
<178.024
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405737386483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Anti-inflammatory activity IC50 value

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类别IC50值(mg/mL)
牛血清蛋白变性抑制率1.181
透明质酸酶抑制率9.244
NO抑制率10.887
), ArticleFig(id=1320889405804495348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

抗炎活性IC50值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别IC50值(mg/mL)
牛血清蛋白变性抑制率1.181
透明质酸酶抑制率9.244
NO抑制率10.887
), ArticleFig(id=1320889407662572021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Ten peptides with the lowest binding energy between WKBPs1 and iNOS

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肽序列分子量(Da)结合能(kcal/mol)
FFFR615−8.2
ADIPAETY878−8.1
AEPEWK758−8.0
EPLPHG648−7.9
EVKVPFQS932−7.9
GWTGGE605−7.9
FPFPSPHT928−7.8
GEGPVVL669−7.8
EAKPHT681−7.7
IFAP446−7.6
), ArticleFig(id=1320889407754846711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889372631744869, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

WKBPs1与iNOS结合能最低的十条肽段

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肽序列分子量(Da)结合能(kcal/mol)
FFFR615−8.2
ADIPAETY878−8.1
AEPEWK758−8.0
EPLPHG648−7.9
EVKVPFQS932−7.9
GWTGGE605−7.9
FPFPSPHT928−7.8
GEGPVVL669−7.8
EAKPHT681−7.7
IFAP446−7.6
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超声辅助酶解法制备白芸豆抗炎肽及其活性研究
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刘童 1 , 谢晓妍 1 , 王颖 1, 2, 3, * , 张芸溪 1 , 李思楠 4 , 佐兆杭 1 , 庞惟俏 1 , 张璐 4, * , 管骁 5 , 赵自力 6 , 李冰 6
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(5): 227-237
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (5) : 227 -237
超声辅助酶解法制备白芸豆抗炎肽及其活性研究
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刘童1 , 谢晓妍1, 王颖1, 2, 3, * , 张芸溪1, 李思楠4, 佐兆杭1, 庞惟俏1, 张璐4, * , 管骁5, 赵自力6, 李冰6
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163000
  • 2国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 3厦门海洋职业技术学院海洋生物学院,福建厦门 361100
  • 4中国食品发酵工业研究院有限公司,功能主食创制与慢病营养干预北京市重点实验室,北京 100015
  • 5上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院,上海 200093
  • 6安徽省农业科学院皖北研究院,安徽阜阳 236658
通讯作者:
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
张璐(1987−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品开发与精准营养及功效评价,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘童(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

Preparation and Activity of Anti-inflammatory Peptides from White Kidney Bean by Ultrasonic-assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Tong LIU1 , Xiaoyan XIE1, Ying WANG1, 2, 3, * , Yunxi ZHANG1, Sinan LI4, Zhaohang ZUO1, Weiqiao PANG1, Lu ZHANG4, * , Xiao GUAN5, Zili ZHAO6, Bing LI6
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
  • 2National Coarse Cereals Engineering Center, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
  • 4China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, Beijing 100015, China
  • 5School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • 6North Anhui Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuyang 236658, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120223
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为探究制备白芸豆多肽(White kidney bean polypeptides,WKBPs)的最佳提取工艺及其体外抗炎活性,本研究以白芸豆蛋白为原料,采用超声辅助酶解法水解白芸豆蛋白,以牛血清蛋白变性抑制率为指标,通过单因素结合响应面法确定最佳提取工艺,采用不同分子量的超滤管对制备的白芸豆粗肽进行分级分离,测定不同组分体外抗炎活性,并对最佳组分进行液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)检测,利用虚拟筛选及分子对接技术探究其抗炎肽段。结果表明:在超声功率166 W,酶添加量18000 U/g,酶解时间128 min,酶解温度46 ℃的条件下,WKBPs对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率为86.57%,超滤后Mw<1 kDa的组分具有较好的抗炎活性(牛血清蛋白变性抑制能力、透明质酸酶抑制能力和NO抑制能力IC50值分别为1.181、9.244、10.887 mg/mL)。LC-MS/MS共鉴定出3306条肽段,其中肽序列为3~10的占比73%,虚拟筛选得到与诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)结合能最低的肽序列为4肽FFFR,分子对接可视化结果显示4肽FFFR可以与iNOS的活性位点通过氢键和疏水相互作用产生结合,从而发挥抑制作用。本实验为进一步研究WKBPs的抗炎活性提供参考。

白芸豆多肽  /  抗炎活性  /  超声辅助  /  分子对接

In order to investigate the optimal extraction process and anti-inflammatory activity of white kidney bean polypeptides (WKBPs), this study employed white kidney bean protein as raw material and hydrolyzed white kidney bean protein by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, utilizing the inhibition rate of bovine serum protein degeneration as the index. We identified the optimal extraction process with a single-factor combined response surface method and separated the prepared white kidney bean crude peptides with ultrafiltration tubes of different molecular weights. This study determined the anti-inflammatory activity of various components in vitro, detected the optimal components by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and examined the anti-inflammatory peptide segments by virtual screening and molecular docking techniques. The results indicated that the inhibition rate of WKBPs on bovine serum protein denaturation was 86.57% under the conditions of 166 W ultrasonic power, 18000 U/g enzyme addition, 128 min enzymatic hydrolysis time, and 46 ℃ enzymatic hydrolysis temperature. After ultrafiltration, the components with Mw<1 kDa revealed good anti-inflammatory activity (bovine serum protein denaturation inhibition, hyaluronidase inhibition, and NO inhibition), and the IC50 values were 1.181, 9.244 and 10.887 mg/mL, respectively. We detected 3306 peptides by LC-MS/MS, of which 73% were peptide sequences ranging from 3 to 10. Virtual screening Vina score with type and induced nitric oxide synthase (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) binding energy minimum peptide sequence of 4 peptide FFFR, molecular docking visualization findings demonstrated that 4-peptide FFFR could bind to the active site of iNOS via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, thus exerting inhibitory effects. This study serves as a reference for further research on the anti-inflammatory activity of WKBPs.

white kidney bean polypeptide  /  anti-inflammatory activity  /  ultrasonic-assisted  /  molecular docking
刘童, 谢晓妍, 王颖, 张芸溪, 李思楠, 佐兆杭, 庞惟俏, 张璐, 管骁, 赵自力, 李冰. 超声辅助酶解法制备白芸豆抗炎肽及其活性研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 227 -237 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120223
Tong LIU, Xiaoyan XIE, Ying WANG, Yunxi ZHANG, Sinan LI, Zhaohang ZUO, Weiqiao PANG, Lu ZHANG, Xiao GUAN, Zili ZHAO, Bing LI. Preparation and Activity of Anti-inflammatory Peptides from White Kidney Bean by Ultrasonic-assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 227 -237 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120223
炎症是一种对人体遭受物理创伤、化学暴露或病毒感染等刺激时做出的复杂且高度调节的保护性反应,多发生于机体的细胞、组织和器官内,有助于消灭病原体、组织修复和产生免疫,但过度的反应会引起2型糖尿病、结肠炎、心血管疾病等慢性疾病的发生,使人体受到健康威胁[1]。目前炎症的预防以及治疗主要包括抑制细胞免疫反应,减少促炎细胞因子分泌以及干预炎症信号通路[2−3]等方法,通常使用泼尼松和阿司匹林等药物进行治疗来减轻炎症反应,但长期摄入会带来一定的副作用,如超敏反应、人体代谢紊乱等[4]。因此开发新的安全的抗炎活性物质成为目前亟待解决的问题。
芸豆生物学名多花菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.),广泛种植于中国各个省份[5],富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质(钙、铁等)以及B族维生素等营养物质[6],是优质的植物蛋白来源,具有很高的食用价值和药用价值[7]。近年来关于白芸豆提取物的研究不断深入,李静[8]通过研究白芸豆提取物对肥胖模型大鼠的影响发现,白芸豆提取物能够通过抑制α-淀粉酶调节肥胖大鼠的脂质代谢,减少体内脂肪的堆积,从而起到了良好的减肥作用;Ruth等[9]研究中发现,在饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠模型中,白芸豆α-淀粉酶抑制剂降低了甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的浓度,同时降低了血糖、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估以及口服葡萄糖耐量试验后曲线下面积;吴恒[10]以LPS-RAW264.7细胞为炎症模型,对白芸豆中分离鉴定的30个化合物进行了抗炎活性实验,并利用分子对接技术分析了其可能的作用靶点,结果表明,有12个化合物具有显著的NO抑制活性,其中4-甲基吡唑-3-甲酸和豆甾-5,22-二烯-3β-羟基-7-酮抗炎效果最好,且确定其可能作用的关键炎症靶点(EP2)。虽然白芸豆提取物具有良好的生物活性,但关于白芸豆抗炎肽的研究较少。
酶解法是利用水解酶来水解特定的某种物质得到提取物的一种提取方法,可以最大程度保护功能性物质的活性,但效率较低[11]。超声提取法是一种利用超声波空化作用等加速胞内有效物质释放、扩散和溶解的提取方法,具有高效的特点[12]。近年来诸多学者选用超声辅助酶法制备活性物质,李芳等[13]通过超声辅助木瓜蛋白酶法提取鹰嘴豆多肽,结果显示与单一酶解法比较,经超声处理提取的鹰嘴豆多肽具有更强的活性。
基于此,本文以白芸豆蛋白为原料,经单因素实验和响应面试验优化超声辅助酶解的条件,利用牛血清蛋白变性抑制能力、透明质酸酶抑制能力和NO抑制能力测定结合分子对接技术研究白芸豆肽的抗炎作用机制,以期为白芸豆抗炎肽的制备及进一步研究其抗炎活性提供依据。
白芸豆 黑龙江省鸡西市;中性蛋白酶(50000 U/g) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;石油醚、盐酸、氢氧化钠、Gly-Gly-Gly、Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg、杆菌肽、胰岛素、细胞色素C、牛血清蛋白、透明质酸酶、乙酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH3.6)、透明质酸钠、氯化钙、四硼酸钠、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、硝普钠 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;一氧化氮试剂盒 上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司。
BS224S型电子天平 鹤壁市鑫泰高科仪器制造有限公司;HJ-6DS磁力搅拌水浴锅 常州金坛良友仪器有限公司;PHS-25型pH计 青岛明博环保科技有限公司;5427R高速冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf有限公司;LGJ-10C真空冷冻干燥机 北京四环科学仪器厂有限公司制造;SCIENTZ-IID超声波细胞粉碎机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;UV1902PC紫外可见分光光度计 上海奥析科学仪器有限公司;LA8080超高速全自动氨基酸分析仪 广州市君翔仪器仪表有限公司;Waters1525高效液相色谱仪 美国Waters公司;Q Exactive Plius 质谱仪 美国赛默飞世尔有限公司。
参照周雅情等[14]的提取方法并作修改:白芸豆洗净60 ℃烘干后粉碎,过80目筛,用石油醚按液料比10 mL/g脱脂后得到脱脂白芸豆粉,用蒸馏水将脱脂白芸豆粉以液料比10 mL/g的比例混合,调节pH至8.5后,50 ℃搅拌1 h,离心(4000 r/min,10 min),取上清,调节pH至4.4,4 ℃搅拌2 h后离心(4000 r/min,10 min),取沉淀,冻干后得白芸豆蛋白粉。
蒸馏水与白芸豆蛋白粉以液料比20 mL/g的比例混合,166 W超声20 min,调节pH至7,在中性蛋白酶添加量18000 U/g,酶解温度46 ℃,酶解时间128 min的条件下进行酶解,95 ℃灭酶10 min后离心(8000 r/min,10 min),取上清得到白芸豆多肽粗提液,冻干后得白芸豆多肽粗提物。
以牛血清蛋白变性抑制率[15]为指标,固定超声时间20 min,超声功率200 W,pH7,液料比20 mL/g,酶添加量12000 U/g,酶解时间90 min,酶解温度50 ℃,考察不同超声时间(10、15、20、25、30 min)、超声功率(150、175、200、225、250 W)、pH(6、7、8、9、10)、液料比(10、15、20、25、30 mL/g)、酶添加量(4000、8000、12000、16000、20000 U/g)、酶解时间(30、60、90、120、150 min)和酶解温度(40、45、50、55、60 ℃)对WKBPs抗炎活性的影响。
在单因素实验结果的基础上,以酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度和超声功率为工艺参数,以WKBPs对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率为指标,设计四因素三水平Box-Behnken响应面试验,表1为试验因素水平表。
以牛血清蛋白变性抑制率为抗炎指标,参照刘文博等[16]的方法,将0.9 mL 1%(m/V)牛血清蛋白与0.1 mL的白芸豆多肽粗提液混合,37 ℃下孵育20 min,然后82 ℃下加热2 min,冷却至室温,660 nm处测吸光值,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率计算公式如下。
$ \mathrm{R}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{C}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{S}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{C}}}\times 100 $
式中:R表示牛血清蛋白变性抑制率,%;AS表示样品组吸光值;AC表示空白吸光值。
参照张雅男等[17]和Sachindra等[18]的方法测定白芸豆多肽粗提液对透明质酸酶的抑制率,取4个离心管,标记为A~D,A、C和B、D管分别加入0.5 mL透明质酸酶(500 U/mL)和乙酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/mL,pH3.6),再加入0.1 mL氯化钙溶液(12.5 mmol/mL),37 ℃加热10 min;A、B和C、D管分别加入0.5 mL蒸馏水和样品,37 ℃保温10 min;再加入0.5 mL透明质酸钠溶液(0.6 mg/mL),37 ℃保温40 min后加入0.1 mL氢氧化钠溶液(0.9 mol/mL)和0.2 mL四硼酸钠溶液(0.2 mol/mL),100 ℃加热5 min,冷却至室温后加入3 mL对二甲氨基苯甲醛(67 mmol/mL),37 ℃加热10 min,585 nm处测吸光值,透明质酸酶抑制率计算公式如下。
$ \mathrm{D}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{C}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{D}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{A}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{B}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:D表示透明质酸酶抑制率,%;AA表示A管吸光值;AB表示B管吸光值;AC表示C管吸光值;AD表示D管吸光值。A管为对照管;B管为空白管;C管为样品管;D管为样品空白管。
参照刘文博等[16]的方法并略作修改,样品组和空白组分别加入250 μL白芸豆多肽粗提液和蒸馏水,按照1:1(mL:mL)的比例加入5 mmol/L的硝普钠,混匀室温条件下反应2.5 h,然后加入250 μL Griess1试剂,混匀静置5 min,再加入100 μL Griess2试剂,反应30 min。样品溶液组和空白溶液组分别加入白芸豆多肽粗提液和蒸馏水。540 nm处测吸光值,NO抑制率计算公式如下。
$ \mathrm{N}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{t}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{b}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{c}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:N表示NO抑制率;At表示样品组吸光值;Ab表示样品溶液组吸光值;Ac表示空白组吸光值;A0表示空白溶液组吸光值。
根据GB 5009.124-2016《食品中氨基酸的测定》,选用茚三酮法测定白芸豆蛋白及WKBPs的游离氨基酸含量。以L-亮氨酸为标准品,绘制标准曲线。
参照李思楠等[19]的方法,色谱条件如下:色谱柱:TSKgelG2000SWXL(300 mm×7.8 mm),流速:0.3 mL/min,柱温为:25 ℃,检测波长:220 nm,流动相:乙腈(20%)+水(80%)+三氟乙酸(0.1%)。样品用0.22 μm滤膜过滤,以Gly-Gly-Gly、Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg、杆菌肽、胰岛素和细胞色素C(浓度均为1 mg/mL)为校正标准品,采用凝胶渗透色谱(Gel permeation chromatography,GPC)软件分析色谱数据,计算WKBPs的相对分子质量和分布情况。
参照杨泽瑶等[20]的方法,采用分子量为1 kDa和3 kDa的超滤管对提取的WKBPs粗肽进行分级分离,得到三种不同分子量组分,分别为WKBPs1(Mw<1 kDa),WKBPs2(1 kDa<Mw<3 kDa),WKBPs3(Mw>3 kDa),对其进行冷冻干燥,测定其对牛血清蛋白变性、透明质酸酶和NO的抑制能力,筛选出抗炎效果最佳的组分。
参照黄玉荣等[21]的方法,采用LC-MS/MS技术对WKBPs1进行肽序列鉴定。液相色谱条件如下:液相色谱柱为RP-C18(0.15 mm×150 mm,Column Technology luc.);柱温:室温;流速:0.3 mL/min;样品体积:5 μL;流动相A液为甲酸水溶液(0.1%);B液为甲酸(0.1%)乙腈(84%)水溶液。B液相梯度洗脱设置如下:0~50 min,4%至50%;50~54 min,50%至100%;54~60 min,B液维持在100%,均为线性梯度。随后进行质谱分析,条件为毛细管温度:300 ℃;喷雾电压:4.5 kV;波长:220 nm;检测方式为正离子;分析时长:60 min。
使用ChemDraw构建肽段结构,并使用Chem3D软件对肽段进行能量最小化优化,保存为pdbqt文件。受体蛋白为iNOS,pdb代码为3nw2,从蛋白质数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/)中获取,使用Discovery Studio与AutoDock Tools软件删除无关配体与水分子并进行加氢处理,设置原子类型并保存为pdbqt文件。
利用PyRx(https://pyrx.sourceforge.io)平台制备iNOS受体蛋白和配体,选择配体在蛋白质结合口袋中结合能最低的对接模型作为最佳模型,使用Vina评分作为预测肽与iNOS蛋白结合的亲和力(以kcal/mol计算),通过AutoDock Vina进行分子对接,并使用Pymol 2.1软件对结果进行可视化。
每组实验均为3组平行,使用Design-Expert 13进行响应面试验设计,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件通过单因素方差分析样本间的差异显著性,绘制图表采用Origin 2021软件。
以牛血清蛋白变性抑制率为指标,筛选制备WKBPs的最佳工艺,结果如图1(A)所示,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率随着超声时间的增加先升高后下降,在20 min时达到最大,抑制率为84.82%,这可能由于蛋白质的结构被超声处理改变,暴露了更多位点,使其与蛋白酶更好地结合,提高了酶作用位点的效率[22],但超声时间过长,会使蛋白结构被过度破坏,不利于酶解反应。因此,选择最佳超声时间为20 min。
图1(B)表明,随着超声功率的增加,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率也随之升高,在175 W时达到了85.71%,这可能是由于超声处理改变了蛋白质的结构,使酶与蛋白质更好地结合,但功率过高,空化作用和热作用会使蛋白质遭到破坏或失活[23],从而使抑制率降低。因此,选择最佳超声功率为175 W。
图1(C)表明,pH在6~10范围内,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率先升高后下降,在pH为7时,抑制率达到最高为84.85%,推测可能是由于随着pH升高且趋近于酶解反应的最适pH,酶的活性逐渐增强,能更好地与底物蛋白结合,从而提高抑制率,但pH过高,可能会影响酶的空间结构,使酶与底物蛋白的结合与催化效率下降[24]。因此,选择最佳pH为7。
图1(D)表明,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率在20 mL/g时达到最大,为84.57%,可能是因为液料比较小时,蛋白溶液中分子扩散率较低,分散不均匀,使蛋白酶不能很好地与底物结合,不利于酶解反应,继续增大溶剂的体积,抑制率降低,可能是底物浓度过低,降低了底物与酶的接触,导致酶解反应分离出具有抗炎活性的肽段较少[25]。因此,选择最佳液料比为20 mL/g。
图1(E)表明,当酶添加量在4000~16000 U/g范围内时,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率呈显著升高,这可能是由于随着酶添加量的增加,底物反应越彻底,在酶添加量为16000 U/g时,抑制率最高为85.37%,随着酶添加量的不断增加,抑制率呈下降趋势,这可能是酶添加量过多导致蛋白吸附黏[26],不利于酶解反应。因此,选择最佳酶添加量为16000 U/g。
图1(F)表明,酶解时间在30~120 min范围内,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率不断升高,酶解时间在120 min时,抑制率达到最大为85.93%,随着酶解时间的继续增加,抑制率开始降低,这可能是因为酶解时间延长,反应中一些具有抗炎活性的肽链被再次酶解[27],导致抑制率降低。因此,选择最佳酶解时间为120 min。
图1(G)表明,随着酶解温度的升高,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率呈上升趋势,在酶解温度为45 ℃时,抑制率达到最大为85.69%,随着温度的不断增加,抑制率呈下降趋势,可能是由于温度过高使蛋白变性,从而导致酶活力降低,不利于酶解反应进行[28]。因此,选择最佳酶解温度为45℃。
在单因素实验结果的基础上,选择对牛血清蛋白变性抑制率影响较大的酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度和超声功率为自变量,牛血清蛋白变性抑制率为响应值,分析WKBPs提取的最优工艺指标,实验设计与实验结果见表2。各因素经过回归拟合后,得到的二次多项回归方程为:R=84.86+3.03A+2.68B+2.30C−0.6575D+10.36AB−1.0AC−10.09AD−2.66BC−6.35BD+1.68CD−11.21A2−12.89B2−8.49C2−4.62D2。
回归模型方差分析如表3所示,该模型F=72.46,P<0.001,显示为WKBPs提取效果回归模型极显著;决定系数R2=0.9864,显示出此模型的拟合程度较好,能够使用该模型对WKBPs提取进行预测分析。结合图2和表3分析可知,该模型A、B、C、D四个因素交互作用中,AB、AD、BC、BD交互作用极显著(P<0.01),酶添加量(A)与酶解温度(C)的交互作用影响最小;由F检验可以看出A、B、C、D四个因素对牛血清蛋白变形抑制率的影响作用依次为酶添加量(A)>酶解时间(B)>酶解温度(C)>超声功率(D)。
Design-Expert 13分析结果表明,最佳酶添加量为17881.732 U/g,酶解时间为127.944 min,酶解温度为45.684 ℃,超声功率为165.829 W。此条件下,WKBPs对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率为86.79%。调整酶添加量为18000 U/g,酶解时间为128 min,酶解温度为46 ℃,超声功率为166 W得到WKBPs对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率为86.57%,与理论值接近,可见该模型能够较好预测WKBPs的提取条件。
必需氨基酸是人体无法自行合成的氨基酸,在合成酶、激素和抗体等重要蛋白质中发挥着重要作用,其组成接近人体必需氨基酸的模型,能有效提高蛋白质的吸收和利用及其应用价值[29]。根据表4可知,WKBPs的必需氨基酸有7种(由于氨基酸检测为酸水解法,因此色氨酸未检测),含量为16.056%,其组成较为接近人体必需氨基酸模型。研究表明,疏水性氨基酸会增强肽与细胞膜的相互作用,调节信号通路,从而增强肽的抗炎效果[30]。在WKBPs中,疏水性氨基酸含量为16.679%,表明WKBPs具有抗炎潜力。
研究表明,小分子肽能加速蛋白质的合成,提高人体对矿物质的吸收和利用,增强人体免疫力且分子量低于5 kDa的肽段几乎90%都可以被人体消化吸收和利用[31]。WKBPs的相对分子质量分布结果如表5所示,分子量低于3 kDa的肽段含量为94.887%,低于1 kDa的肽段含量为78.024%,且据图3可知,其可能存在分子量<180 Da的游离氨基酸(保留时间范围为12~15.5 min)。结果表明,WKBPs的分子量主要集中在1 kDa以下,更利于人体吸收和利用。
据报道,低分子量的肽空间结构的折叠会受到限制,使氨基酸充分暴露且不易被肽链内切酶识别,从而具有较高的抗炎活性[32]。本实验按照分子量大小将WKBPs分为3个组分,测定其抗炎活性(牛血清蛋白变性抑制率、透明质酸酶抑制率和NO抑制率),结果如图4(A~C)所示,WKBPs1抗炎活性均显著高于WKBPs2和WKBPs3(P<0.05),分别为90.27%、75.00%、60.61%,这可能是由于低分子量的WKBPs具有较小的空间系数和锻炼活性中心,使氨基酸更好的暴露,更容易与蛋白结合,从而使WKBPs1具有更好的抗炎活性。因此,后续选择WKBPs1进行后续研究。
WKBPs1对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制能力如图5(A)和表6所示,在0.25~16 mg/mL浓度范围内,其抑制能力逐渐升高且呈现一定的剂量依赖性,IC50值为1.181 mg/mL,与报道过的鲟鱼肽较为接近[16]。白蛋白具有炎症反应调控的作用,能够通过抗氧化应激、结合和转运致炎物质及炎症介质,调节炎症应答及免疫修复来减轻炎症损伤[14,33],因此本实验结果表明WKBPs1具有较好的抗炎活性。
WKBPs1对透明质酸酶的抑制能力如图5(B)和表6所示,其抑制能力与WKBPs1的浓度在0.25~16 mg/mL范围内为正相关,IC50值为9.244 mg/mL。透明质酸酶是一类糖苷酶,可以将透明质酸以及部分糖胺聚糖降解成二糖或小分子寡糖,与血管的通透性及炎症有关,生物活性成分对其抑制率越大则成分抗敏炎症活性越强[34],WKBPs1对透明质酸酶的抑制结果表明其具有一定的抗炎效果。
WKBPs1对NO的抑制能力如图5(C)和表6所示,结果表明,在0.25~16 mg/mL浓度范围内,WKBPs1对NO的抑制率呈现剂量依赖性且正相关,其IC50值为10.887 mg/mL。NO是一氧化氮合酶产生的具有活性的信使分子,能激活炎症通路,促进多种炎症因子的产生,活性物质对其的抑制能力通常作为抗炎活性评估标准之一[35−36],WKBPs1对NO具有抑制效果表明其具有一定的抗炎活性。
通过LC-MS/MS对WKBPs1的氨基酸序列进行检测,WKBPs1的一级质谱图如图6所示。共鉴定出3306条肽段,肽序列长度位于3~10个氨基酸的有2424条,占比73%。其中,肽段含有大量脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸等疏水性氨基酸,使其具有良好的抗炎活性。
分子对接是研究配体和受体分子之间的相互作用,并预测其结合模式和亲合力的一种理论模拟方法,可为设计新配体、揭示分子间的互作机制提供理论依据[37]。据研究,配体与目标蛋白的结合能小于−5.0 kcal/mol,则两者的结合是稳定的[38]。大量的研究表明,抑制iNOS可以控制各种病理状态下的炎症反应[39]。因此,本实验将鉴定出的肽段与iNOS进行结合,通过PyRx评估其结合能力并排序,筛选了10条结合能力最强的肽段。结果如表7所示,其中,肽FFFR与蛋白结合能力最低,为−8.2 kcal/mol,表明其与蛋白亲和力最强。肽FFFR的串联质谱图及化学结构如图7所示,图中y1,y2和y3分别表示从肽链C端开始依次产生的碎片离子,结合其化学结构分析可得y1离子结构为NH2-CH(R)(H+)-COOH[40]。
将肽FFFR与iNOS进行分子对接模拟,三维和二维分子相互作用如图8所示,肽FFFR与iNOS活性位点的ARG-260,SER-256氨基酸形成氢键相互作用,与VAL-346、ALA-345、ALA-347、HEM-901形成很好的疏水相互作用,这些相互作用可以有效促使该肽与蛋白形成稳定的构象,从而导致肽FFFR序列具有更好地抑制iNOS的能力,发挥更好的抗炎活性。
本研究以白芸豆为研究对象,通过单因素和响应面实验得到了WKBPs的最佳提取工艺参数为:超声功率166 W,酶添加量为18000 U/g,酶解时间为128 min,酶解温度为46 ℃,此条件下WKBPs对牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率为86.57%。GPC结果显示WKBPs的分子量集中在1 kDa以下,超滤后的组分中WKBPs1的抗炎活性最好,对牛血清蛋白变性、透明质酸酶和NO释放的抑制率在0.25~16 mg/mL浓度范围内呈正相关且有剂量依赖,其IC50值分别为1.181、9.244、10.887 mg/mL。通过质谱鉴定出3306条肽序列,长度主要集中在3~10个氨基酸之间,占鉴定总肽的73%。虚拟筛选得到与iNOS结合能最低的肽序列为4肽FFFR,4肽FFFR通过氢键和疏水相互作用与iNOS的主要活性位点产生结合,导致酶的结构发生变化,从而影响酶的活性。本研究丰富了白芸豆多肽的研究,为进一步研究WKBPs的抗炎生物活性提供数据参考和理论支撑。目前本文仅局限于WKBPs的提取、肽段的鉴定与筛选和体外活性研究,未来可以基于细胞和动物实验,进一步探究其体内抗炎活性作用,对白芸豆的加工利用及作为功能性食品改善人体健康具有重要意义。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120223
  • 接收时间:2024-12-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-17
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163000
    2国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
    3厦门海洋职业技术学院海洋生物学院,福建厦门 361100
    4中国食品发酵工业研究院有限公司,功能主食创制与慢病营养干预北京市重点实验室,北京 100015
    5上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院,上海 200093
    6安徽省农业科学院皖北研究院,安徽阜阳 236658

通讯作者:

王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量安全,E-mail:。
张璐(1987−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品开发与精准营养及功效评价,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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