Article(id=1320882522951627314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120165, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852534282, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852534282, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852534282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852534282, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=371, endPage=380, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882523241034291, articleId=1320882522951627314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Perilla Essential Oil and Ginger Juice Marination on the Flavor of Wuchang Grilled Fish after Frozen Storage, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objectives: To investigate the mechanistic basis of the effects of Perilla essential oil and ginger juice on the flavor characteristics of roasted Megalobrama amblycephala (Wuchang fish) after frozen storage. Methods: Wuchang fish was selected as raw material to study the effect of Perilla essential oil and ginger salt on the flavor of grilled fish after frozen storage. A comparison was made between the treated (PG) and control (CK) groups that were frozen for 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d. After cooking and storage, the changes in volatile flavor compounds and sensory aspects combined with the S-curve and molecular docking technology were used to explore the effect of Perilla essential oil and ginger juice on fish taste. Results: After frozen storage for the same period, the sensory scores of "spicy taste" "fishy taste acceptability", and "overall odor acceptability" in PG group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed in the electronic nose detection results of the two groups. During frozen storage, the primary flavor contributors were n-hexanal and n-octanal. The relative odor activity value (ROAV) of linalool in the PG group was notably higher than that in the CK group, and linalool played an important role in the flavor characteristics of the fish in the PG group. The M values (actual threshold value/theoretical threshold value) of the mixtures of linalool and n-hexanal (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) after mixing was (12.00, 26.25, and 5.78), thus all >1, and a masking effect between linalool and n-hexanal was observed. The binding energy of linalool and the OR1D2 receptor was −5.40 kcal·mol−1, which was significantly lower than the binding energy of n-hexanal and the OR1D2 receptor −4.46 kcal·mol−1. In addition, the binding sites of linalool and n-hexanal and the OR1D2 receptor were coincident; therefore, linalool could competitively inhibit the binding of n-hexanal and the OR1D2 receptor. Conclusions: The flavor of roasted Wuchang fish can be improved by treatment with Perilla essential oil and ginger marinade, and the linalool produced by this treatment can mask the smell of n-hexanal.

, authors=Chuanfeng HU1, 2, 3, Mingzhu ZHOU1, 2, 3, Liqi HUANG1, 3, Xuan LIU1, 2, 3, Yu QIAO1, 3, *, Wenjin WU1, 3, *, Feng CAO4, Shuangquan LIU5, authorsList=Chuanfeng HU, Mingzhu ZHOU, Liqi HUANG, Xuan LIU, Yu QIAO, Wenjin WU, Feng CAO, Shuangquan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu QIAO, Wenjin WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882524792926782, articleId=1320882522951627314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理对烤制武昌鱼冻藏后风味影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究紫苏精油和姜汁对烤制武昌鱼鱼肉冻藏后风味影响的作用原理。方法:选用武昌鱼为原料研究紫苏精油、姜汁腌制处理对烤制鱼肉冻藏过程中风味的影响,通过比较加去腥剂(紫苏精油和姜汁)腌制处理组(PG)与未加去腥剂腌制处理组(CK)在冻藏1、30、60、90、120 d后挥发性风味化合物、感官的变化并结合S-曲线、分子对接技术探究紫苏精油和姜汁对鱼肉腥味的影响以及作用原理。结果:冻藏相同时间后PG组鱼肉在“香料味”“腥味可接受度”“整体气味可接受度”感官评分均显著高于CK组(P<0.05),且两组间的电子鼻检测结果差异明显;冻藏过程中鱼肉中主要风味贡献物质为正己醛和正辛醛,芳樟醇在PG组中的相对气味活性值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)远高于CK组,芳樟醇在PG组鱼肉风味特征中起着重要作用;芳樟醇与正己醛三种比例(1:1、2:1、3:1)混合后混合物的M值(实际阈值/理论阈值)分别为(12.00、26.25、5.78)均大于1,芳樟醇与正己醛间存在掩蔽作用;芳樟醇与OR1D2受体结合能为−5.40 kcal·mol−1远低于正己醛与OR1D2受体结合能−4.46 kcal·mol−1,且芳樟醇和正己醛与OR1D2受体结合位点重合,芳樟醇能竞争抑制正己醛与OR1D2受体结合。结论:紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理能改善烤制武昌鱼风味,紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理后生成的芳樟醇能掩蔽正己醛的气味。

, authors=胡传峰1, 2, 3, 周明珠1, 2, 3, 黄丽琪1, 3, 刘煊1, 2, 3, 乔宇1, 3, *, 吴文锦1, 3, *, 曹锋4, 刘双全5, authorsList=胡传峰, 周明珠, 黄丽琪, 刘煊, 乔宇, 吴文锦, 曹锋, 刘双全, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=乔宇, 吴文锦, authorNote=

胡传峰(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
乔宇(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
吴文锦(1982−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与保鲜,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=e0zk2fzHdBFDewFGEXuK8A==, magXml=VpEXQmqNNUSDOsCRQIO/Zw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=knhaRAW2XyyhonnoYinU5A==, pdfFileSize=5190602, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=yt/8bWIT3XXtqyPhGOM3/Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Ve87NPq4iZxqy6rdMwJZHQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882527162708559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2268050629@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882527288537683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, authorId=1320882527162708559, language=EN, stringName=Chuanfeng HU, firstName=Chuanfeng, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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胡传峰(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532195873418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=图1, caption=冻藏不同时间后鱼肉电子鼻主成分分析(A)和雷达图(B、C), figureFileSmall=24UXRa4eyQ5GYPiy7lxPyw==, figureFileBig=yt/8bWIT3XXtqyPhGOM3/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532405588619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in volatile substance contents (A) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) (B) in fish after different freezing periods, figureFileSmall=9g6e7gWAHzcvF57EpZXdCg==, figureFileBig=QksLGC15QXozPosXkVjlhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532502057612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=图2, caption=冻藏不同时间后鱼肉中挥发性物质含量变化(A)和ROAV变化(B), figureFileSmall=9g6e7gWAHzcvF57EpZXdCg==, figureFileBig=QksLGC15QXozPosXkVjlhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532581749389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=S-curve of threshold values for linalool (A) and n-hexanal (B), figureFileSmall=KCI/Ku2m+JG07e8RhJH7zw==, figureFileBig=QHLL10dMCheLlgC2ZBVxkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532682412686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=图3, caption=芳樟醇(A)与正己醛(B)的阈值S-曲线, figureFileSmall=KCI/Ku2m+JG07e8RhJH7zw==, figureFileBig=QHLL10dMCheLlgC2ZBVxkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532787270287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=S-curves of odor synergy for different concentration ratios of linalool to n-hexanal, figureFileSmall=BXC+9zmg1m8FwqpcKXcM8Q==, figureFileBig=evw0Wji4if6XqbetZHneeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532875350672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=图4, caption=芳樟醇与正己醛不同浓度比的气味协同S-曲线

注:(A)芳樟醇:正己醛=1:1;(B)芳樟醇:正己醛=2:1;(C)芳樟醇:正己醛=3:1。

, figureFileSmall=BXC+9zmg1m8FwqpcKXcM8Q==, figureFileBig=evw0Wji4if6XqbetZHneeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882532959236753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Molecular docking diagram of OR1D2 with n-hexanal (A, C) and linalool (B, D), figureFileSmall=uuE5qVKiaf8isuIEhe3JpQ==, figureFileBig=OoJO+e736yDlRvDibaNqzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882533043122834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=图5, caption=OR1D2与正己醛(A、C)和芳樟醇(B、D)的分子对接图, figureFileSmall=uuE5qVKiaf8isuIEhe3JpQ==, figureFileBig=OoJO+e736yDlRvDibaNqzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882533127008915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评价标准分数
烤香(20)烤香味浓郁16~20
较明显烤香味11~15
较淡烤香6~10
无烤香味0~5
香料味(20)香料味适中16~20
香料味较淡11~15
微弱的香料味6~10
无香料味0~5
腥味可接受度(30)无腥味24~30
有较淡腥味17~23
有较明显腥味9~16
特别浓烈腥味0~8
整体气味可接受度(30)香气浓郁无异味24~30
淡淡香味,无明显异味17~23
有淡淡异味9~16
异味浓烈0~8
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533223477908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

感官评定标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评价标准分数
烤香(20)烤香味浓郁16~20
较明显烤香味11~15
较淡烤香6~10
无烤香味0~5
香料味(20)香料味适中16~20
香料味较淡11~15
微弱的香料味6~10
无香料味0~5
腥味可接受度(30)无腥味24~30
有较淡腥味17~23
有较明显腥味9~16
特别浓烈腥味0~8
整体气味可接受度(30)香气浓郁无异味24~30
淡淡香味,无明显异味17~23
有淡淡异味9~16
异味浓烈0~8
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533303169685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensitive substances corresponding to the PEN3 electronic nose sensor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器名称性能描述
1W1C芳香成分、苯类
2W5S灵敏度大、对氮氧化合物灵敏
3W3C芳香成分、氨类
4W6S主要对氢化合物有选择性
5W5C短链烷烃芳香成分
6W1S对甲基灵敏
7W1W对硫化物灵敏
8W2S对醇、醛、酮类灵敏
9W2W芳香成分,对有机硫化物灵敏
10W3S对长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533382861462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PEN3型电子鼻传感器对应的敏感物质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器名称性能描述
1W1C芳香成分、苯类
2W5S灵敏度大、对氮氧化合物灵敏
3W3C芳香成分、氨类
4W6S主要对氢化合物有选择性
5W5C短链烷烃芳香成分
6W1S对甲基灵敏
7W1W对硫化物灵敏
8W2S对醇、醛、酮类灵敏
9W2W芳香成分,对有机硫化物灵敏
10W3S对长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533500301975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Influence of different treatments on the sensory properties of grilled fish

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别指标
烤香香料味腥味可接受度整体气味可接受度
CK1D-CK12.83±0.75ab5.67±1.21e15.67±1.21bc21.17±1.47bc
30D-CK12.17±1.47bc7.67±1.21cd15.13±0.23c20.16±1.41cd
60D-CK10.83±0.75d7.14±0.89d13.33±1.03de16.83±1.17e
90D-CK9.50±0.55e6.83±0.75d12.67±1.21e13.33±1.63f
120D-CK7.67±0.82f5.50±1.05e10.10±1.67f12.83±0.75f
PG1D-PG13.5±0.55a14.33±1.03ab22.67±2.94a24.17±2.56a
30D-PG11.67±1.21cd15.17±0.75a21.5±1.38a24.83±2.64a
60D-PG11.83±0.75c15.33±1.51a17.07±2.14b22.17±0.98b
90D-PG9.67±0.52e13.5±1.05b17.17±1.17b19.24±0.89d
120D-PG8.50±0.55f8.67±0.82c14.83±1.17cd16.17±0.98e
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533579993752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理对烤鱼感官的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别指标
烤香香料味腥味可接受度整体气味可接受度
CK1D-CK12.83±0.75ab5.67±1.21e15.67±1.21bc21.17±1.47bc
30D-CK12.17±1.47bc7.67±1.21cd15.13±0.23c20.16±1.41cd
60D-CK10.83±0.75d7.14±0.89d13.33±1.03de16.83±1.17e
90D-CK9.50±0.55e6.83±0.75d12.67±1.21e13.33±1.63f
120D-CK7.67±0.82f5.50±1.05e10.10±1.67f12.83±0.75f
PG1D-PG13.5±0.55a14.33±1.03ab22.67±2.94a24.17±2.56a
30D-PG11.67±1.21cd15.17±0.75a21.5±1.38a24.83±2.64a
60D-PG11.83±0.75c15.33±1.51a17.07±2.14b22.17±0.98b
90D-PG9.67±0.52e13.5±1.05b17.17±1.17b19.24±0.89d
120D-PG8.50±0.55f8.67±0.82c14.83±1.17cd16.17±0.98e
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533659685529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Contents of volatile substances in fish after different freezing periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别编号中文英文名CASRT
(min)
阈值[35]
(ng/g)
气味描述含量(ng/g)
1D-CK1D-PG30D-CK30D-PG60D-CK60D-PG90D-CK90D-PG120D-CK120D-PG
醛类1壬醛Nonanal124-19-619.97840.34腊味,豌豆味9.66±1.707.07±4.334.51±0.558.64±0.752.16±0.482.43±0.20ndndndnd
2正庚醛Heptanal111-71-712.89210.18脂肪气味、腥味1.81±0.332.22±0.781.62±0.52nd1.74±0.131.70±0.200.77±0.142.10±0.360.87±0.16nd
3正己醛Hexanal66-25-110.20560.28腥味、刺鼻的气味4.24±0.5611.06±1.8015.08±4.0513.08±1.8783.15±4.5157.75±2.7216.65±1.31627.03±2.1320.06±3.6616.29±8.27
4正戊醛Pentanal110-62-37.96050.41发酵面包味果味nd8.11±0.62ndndnd3.43±0.34ndndndnd
5正辛醛Octanal124-13-016.10610.01腥味、脂肪味1.28±0.201.64±0.481.19±0.172.19±0.22ndndndndnd0.51±0.05
酮类62,3-辛二酮2,3-Octanedione585-25-117.17412.52草本味道1.84±0.18ndndndnd1.64±0.11ndnd0.99±0.11nd
72-壬酮2-Nonanone821-55-619.868115草本气味ndndnd0.49±0.07ndndndndndnd
83-甲基环戊烷-1,2-二酮3-Methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione765-70-839.178木香nd0.51±0.060.95±0.16ndndndndndndnd
93-羟基-2-丁酮3-Hydroxy-2-oxobutane513-86-016.1957259黄油味ndndndndndnd1.83±0.061.25±0.330.46±0.05nd
103-辛酮3-Octanone106-68-314.99928果香0.86±0.061.26±0.060.40±0.070.85±0.25nd0.44±0.15ndndndnd
11甲基环戊烯醇酮2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone80-71-739.17826焦糖枫糖
浆气味
0.52±0.09ndnd0.66±0.02ndndnd0.35±0.07ndnd
醇类121-己醇1-Hexanol111-27-318.4356温和的甜味11.84±0.621.72±0.282.58±0.243.32±0.221.59±0.047.20±0.331.12±0.100.96±0.071.4±0.132.2±0.36
131-戊醇1-Pentanol71-41-014.94780.1愉快气味1.05±0.152.66±1.680.53±0.120.92±0.033.45±0.084.02±0.251.68±0.041.92±0.050.82±0.091.00±0.09
141-戊烯-3-醇1-Penten-3-ol616-25-112.18931热带果香nd1.78±0.13ndnd2.21±0.23nd0.53±0.05nd0.60±0.030.42±0.16
151-辛醇1-Octanol111-87-527.21562.70.76±0.150.83±0.05nd0.75±0.12ndndndndndnd
161-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol3391-86-422.2491生鸡肉味、腥味10.28±1.488.51±1.845.35±0.777.01±0.509.42±0.408.46±0.363.05±0.444.92±0.344.62±1.543.23±0.4
172-庚醇2-Heptanol543-49-717.1534100新鲜柠檬味,花果味nd1.26±0.49nd2.30±0.28nd0.85±0.25nd1.31±0.24nd0.97±0.02
182-乙基己醇2-Ethylhexanol104-76-724.043413甜香味1.03±0.320.69±0.16ndndnd0.49±0.040.52±0.090.60±0.03ndnd
19乙醇Ethanol64-17-57.13398甜味、果味0.89±0.053.04±0.32ndnd2.49±0.524.64±0.810.76±0.1260.77±0.07nd2.76±1.14
20正庚醇1-Heptanol111-71-722.55664.8微弱酒精味0.87±0.12ndndnd0.55±0.010.72±0.06ndndndnd
萜类21(1R)-(+)-α蒎烯(+)-α-Pinene7785-70-88.93144薄荷味nd1.32±0.85ndndnd1.90±1.16nd4.32±0.080.45±0.160.90±0.26
22β-石竹烯β-Caryophyllene87-44-529.38650.2丁香味ndndnd5.12±0.54ndndnd2.82±0.48ndnd
23α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene99-83-212.2442柑橘气味ndndnd0.93±0.16ndndnd0.93±0.46nd0.33±0.02
242-蒎烯2-Pinene80-56-88.931618泥土气息的木香nd1.40±0.57nd3.58±0.60ndndndndnd1.58±0.6
25β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene555-10-213.731236薄荷味、松节油味ndndndndnd1.52±0.26nd4.63±2.42nd2.44±0.51
26α-姜黄烯α-Curcumene644-30-437.3721草药的气味nd1.60±0.14nd5.11±0.68ndndnd1.02±0.04ndnd
27β-蒎烯β-Pinene18172-67-310.9152140树脂香,清香ndndndndnd0.58±0.05nd0.68±0.08nd0.89±0.17
28莰烯Camphene79-92-59.9025880樟脑味nd5.69±1.47nd13.74±2.19nd8.63±1.45nd14.02±0.81nd3.20±0.72
29月桂烯β-Myrcene123-35-312.072136胡椒香nd0.87±0.23nd2.89±0.36ndndnd2.02±0.110.57±0.111.37±0.53
304-萜烯醇3-Cyclohexen-1-ol562-74-329.54024.4胡椒木质
混合味
nd1.03±0.05nd1.10±0.08ndndndndndnd
31桉叶醇Eucalyptol470-82-613.788659.7桉树、草药、樟脑味nd16.87±3.530.36±0.0331.58±1.86nd18.77±4.31nd28.34±2.11nd9.68±1.06
32异冰片Isoborneol10385-78-134.5864木香、樟脑味nd7.00±1.73nd10.06±0.55nd6.03±1.04nd8.5±0.9nd3.48±0.68
33芳樟醇Linalool78-70-626.61970.4柑橘花香、甜玫瑰
气味
nd28.71±15.520.48±0.0343.46±2.74nd16.42±2.21nd39.51±4.98nd16.44±2.92
342-茨酮Bornan-2-one464-49-325.76091.5刺激性
芳香味
nd1.47±0.06ndndnd0.88±0.15nd1.09±0.06ndnd
35α-松油醇α-Terpineol10482-56-134.2598330松木香nd1.98±1.05nd3.65±0.001ndndnd1.82±0.14nd0.77±0.19
其他364-异丙基甲苯p-Cymene99-87-615.5136温和,愉
快香味
ndndndndndndndnd2.95±0.144.17±0.1
37二氯甲烷Methylene Chloride276396.9824160000ndnd4.46±3.7310.27±1.591.98±0.49ndndndndnd
38邻异丙基甲苯o-Cymene527-84-415.5481150ndndndndndndndndnd3.84±0.64
39三氯甲烷Trichloromethane67-66-38.7526nd1.13±0.13ndnd0.78±0.090.49±0.03ndndndnd
), ArticleFig(id=1320882533756154522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

冻藏不同时间后鱼肉中挥发性物质含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别编号中文英文名CASRT
(min)
阈值[35]
(ng/g)
气味描述含量(ng/g)
1D-CK1D-PG30D-CK30D-PG60D-CK60D-PG90D-CK90D-PG120D-CK120D-PG
醛类1壬醛Nonanal124-19-619.97840.34腊味,豌豆味9.66±1.707.07±4.334.51±0.558.64±0.752.16±0.482.43±0.20ndndndnd
2正庚醛Heptanal111-71-712.89210.18脂肪气味、腥味1.81±0.332.22±0.781.62±0.52nd1.74±0.131.70±0.200.77±0.142.10±0.360.87±0.16nd
3正己醛Hexanal66-25-110.20560.28腥味、刺鼻的气味4.24±0.5611.06±1.8015.08±4.0513.08±1.8783.15±4.5157.75±2.7216.65±1.31627.03±2.1320.06±3.6616.29±8.27
4正戊醛Pentanal110-62-37.96050.41发酵面包味果味nd8.11±0.62ndndnd3.43±0.34ndndndnd
5正辛醛Octanal124-13-016.10610.01腥味、脂肪味1.28±0.201.64±0.481.19±0.172.19±0.22ndndndndnd0.51±0.05
酮类62,3-辛二酮2,3-Octanedione585-25-117.17412.52草本味道1.84±0.18ndndndnd1.64±0.11ndnd0.99±0.11nd
72-壬酮2-Nonanone821-55-619.868115草本气味ndndnd0.49±0.07ndndndndndnd
83-甲基环戊烷-1,2-二酮3-Methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione765-70-839.178木香nd0.51±0.060.95±0.16ndndndndndndnd
93-羟基-2-丁酮3-Hydroxy-2-oxobutane513-86-016.1957259黄油味ndndndndndnd1.83±0.061.25±0.330.46±0.05nd
103-辛酮3-Octanone106-68-314.99928果香0.86±0.061.26±0.060.40±0.070.85±0.25nd0.44±0.15ndndndnd
11甲基环戊烯醇酮2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone80-71-739.17826焦糖枫糖
浆气味
0.52±0.09ndnd0.66±0.02ndndnd0.35±0.07ndnd
醇类121-己醇1-Hexanol111-27-318.4356温和的甜味11.84±0.621.72±0.282.58±0.243.32±0.221.59±0.047.20±0.331.12±0.100.96±0.071.4±0.132.2±0.36
131-戊醇1-Pentanol71-41-014.94780.1愉快气味1.05±0.152.66±1.680.53±0.120.92±0.033.45±0.084.02±0.251.68±0.041.92±0.050.82±0.091.00±0.09
141-戊烯-3-醇1-Penten-3-ol616-25-112.18931热带果香nd1.78±0.13ndnd2.21±0.23nd0.53±0.05nd0.60±0.030.42±0.16
151-辛醇1-Octanol111-87-527.21562.70.76±0.150.83±0.05nd0.75±0.12ndndndndndnd
161-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol3391-86-422.2491生鸡肉味、腥味10.28±1.488.51±1.845.35±0.777.01±0.509.42±0.408.46±0.363.05±0.444.92±0.344.62±1.543.23±0.4
172-庚醇2-Heptanol543-49-717.1534100新鲜柠檬味,花果味nd1.26±0.49nd2.30±0.28nd0.85±0.25nd1.31±0.24nd0.97±0.02
182-乙基己醇2-Ethylhexanol104-76-724.043413甜香味1.03±0.320.69±0.16ndndnd0.49±0.040.52±0.090.60±0.03ndnd
19乙醇Ethanol64-17-57.13398甜味、果味0.89±0.053.04±0.32ndnd2.49±0.524.64±0.810.76±0.1260.77±0.07nd2.76±1.14
20正庚醇1-Heptanol111-71-722.55664.8微弱酒精味0.87±0.12ndndnd0.55±0.010.72±0.06ndndndnd
萜类21(1R)-(+)-α蒎烯(+)-α-Pinene7785-70-88.93144薄荷味nd1.32±0.85ndndnd1.90±1.16nd4.32±0.080.45±0.160.90±0.26
22β-石竹烯β-Caryophyllene87-44-529.38650.2丁香味ndndnd5.12±0.54ndndnd2.82±0.48ndnd
23α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene99-83-212.2442柑橘气味ndndnd0.93±0.16ndndnd0.93±0.46nd0.33±0.02
242-蒎烯2-Pinene80-56-88.931618泥土气息的木香nd1.40±0.57nd3.58±0.60ndndndndnd1.58±0.6
25β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene555-10-213.731236薄荷味、松节油味ndndndndnd1.52±0.26nd4.63±2.42nd2.44±0.51
26α-姜黄烯α-Curcumene644-30-437.3721草药的气味nd1.60±0.14nd5.11±0.68ndndnd1.02±0.04ndnd
27β-蒎烯β-Pinene18172-67-310.9152140树脂香,清香ndndndndnd0.58±0.05nd0.68±0.08nd0.89±0.17
28莰烯Camphene79-92-59.9025880樟脑味nd5.69±1.47nd13.74±2.19nd8.63±1.45nd14.02±0.81nd3.20±0.72
29月桂烯β-Myrcene123-35-312.072136胡椒香nd0.87±0.23nd2.89±0.36ndndnd2.02±0.110.57±0.111.37±0.53
304-萜烯醇3-Cyclohexen-1-ol562-74-329.54024.4胡椒木质
混合味
nd1.03±0.05nd1.10±0.08ndndndndndnd
31桉叶醇Eucalyptol470-82-613.788659.7桉树、草药、樟脑味nd16.87±3.530.36±0.0331.58±1.86nd18.77±4.31nd28.34±2.11nd9.68±1.06
32异冰片Isoborneol10385-78-134.5864木香、樟脑味nd7.00±1.73nd10.06±0.55nd6.03±1.04nd8.5±0.9nd3.48±0.68
33芳樟醇Linalool78-70-626.61970.4柑橘花香、甜玫瑰
气味
nd28.71±15.520.48±0.0343.46±2.74nd16.42±2.21nd39.51±4.98nd16.44±2.92
342-茨酮Bornan-2-one464-49-325.76091.5刺激性
芳香味
nd1.47±0.06ndndnd0.88±0.15nd1.09±0.06ndnd
35α-松油醇α-Terpineol10482-56-134.2598330松木香nd1.98±1.05nd3.65±0.001ndndnd1.82±0.14nd0.77±0.19
其他364-异丙基甲苯p-Cymene99-87-615.5136温和,愉
快香味
ndndndndndndndnd2.95±0.144.17±0.1
37二氯甲烷Methylene Chloride276396.9824160000ndnd4.46±3.7310.27±1.591.98±0.49ndndndndnd
38邻异丙基甲苯o-Cymene527-84-415.5481150ndndndndndndndndnd3.84±0.64
39三氯甲烷Trichloromethane67-66-38.7526nd1.13±0.13ndnd0.78±0.090.49±0.03ndndndnd
), ArticleFig(id=1320882535010251419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Theoretical and measured threshold values for the mixture of linalool and n-hexanal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
芳樟醇:正己醛理论阈值
(ng/g)
实际阈值
(ng/g)
M(实际阈值/理论阈值)效果
1:10.374.4412.00掩盖
2:10.287.3526.25掩盖
3:10.231.335.78掩盖
), ArticleFig(id=1320882535119303324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

芳樟醇与正己醛混合物的理论阈值和实际阈值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
芳樟醇:正己醛理论阈值
(ng/g)
实际阈值
(ng/g)
M(实际阈值/理论阈值)效果
1:10.374.4412.00掩盖
2:10.287.3526.25掩盖
3:10.231.335.78掩盖
), ArticleFig(id=1320882535211578013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Ratio of linalool to n-hexanal in fish in the Perilla essential oil and ginger salt-treated (PG) group during the freezing process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别气味物质比值
芳樟醇(ng/g)正己醛(ng/g)
1D-CK04.240
1D-PG28.7111.062.60
30D-CK0.4815.080.03
30D-PG43.4613.083.32
60D-CK083.150
60D-PG16.4257.750.28
90D-CK016.650
90D-PG39.5127.031.46
120D-CK020.060
120D-PG16.4416.291.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320882535320629918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882522951627314, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

冻藏过程PG组中鱼肉芳樟醇与正己醛比值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别气味物质比值
芳樟醇(ng/g)正己醛(ng/g)
1D-CK04.240
1D-PG28.7111.062.60
30D-CK0.4815.080.03
30D-PG43.4613.083.32
60D-CK083.150
60D-PG16.4257.750.28
90D-CK016.650
90D-PG39.5127.031.46
120D-CK020.060
120D-PG16.4416.291.01
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紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理对烤制武昌鱼冻藏后风味影响
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胡传峰 1, 2, 3 , 周明珠 1, 2, 3 , 黄丽琪 1, 3 , 刘煊 1, 2, 3 , 乔宇 1, 3, * , 吴文锦 1, 3, * , 曹锋 4 , 刘双全 5
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(1): 371-380
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (1) : 371 -380
紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理对烤制武昌鱼冻藏后风味影响
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胡传峰1, 2, 3 , 周明珠1, 2, 3, 黄丽琪1, 3, 刘煊1, 2, 3, 乔宇1, 3, * , 吴文锦1, 3, * , 曹锋4, 刘双全5
作者信息
  • 1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
  • 2湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院,湖北武汉 430068
  • 3湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工研究分中心,湖北武汉 430064
  • 4武汉梁子湖水产品加工有限公司,湖北武汉 430299
  • 5中国湖北省武汉市江夏区大桥新区国家农业科技园区,湖北武汉 430205
通讯作者:
乔宇(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
吴文锦(1982−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与保鲜,E-mail:。
作者简介:

胡传峰(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品加工,E-mail:

Effects of Perilla Essential Oil and Ginger Juice Marination on the Flavor of Wuchang Grilled Fish after Frozen Storage
Chuanfeng HU1, 2, 3 , Mingzhu ZHOU1, 2, 3, Liqi HUANG1, 3, Xuan LIU1, 2, 3, Yu QIAO1, 3, * , Wenjin WU1, 3, * , Feng CAO4, Shuangquan LIU5
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 2School of Life and Health Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
  • 3Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 4Wuhan Liangzihu Aquatic Processing Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430299, China
  • 5National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Daqiao New District, Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430205, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120165
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目的:探究紫苏精油和姜汁对烤制武昌鱼鱼肉冻藏后风味影响的作用原理。方法:选用武昌鱼为原料研究紫苏精油、姜汁腌制处理对烤制鱼肉冻藏过程中风味的影响,通过比较加去腥剂(紫苏精油和姜汁)腌制处理组(PG)与未加去腥剂腌制处理组(CK)在冻藏1、30、60、90、120 d后挥发性风味化合物、感官的变化并结合S-曲线、分子对接技术探究紫苏精油和姜汁对鱼肉腥味的影响以及作用原理。结果:冻藏相同时间后PG组鱼肉在“香料味”“腥味可接受度”“整体气味可接受度”感官评分均显著高于CK组(P<0.05),且两组间的电子鼻检测结果差异明显;冻藏过程中鱼肉中主要风味贡献物质为正己醛和正辛醛,芳樟醇在PG组中的相对气味活性值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)远高于CK组,芳樟醇在PG组鱼肉风味特征中起着重要作用;芳樟醇与正己醛三种比例(1:1、2:1、3:1)混合后混合物的M值(实际阈值/理论阈值)分别为(12.00、26.25、5.78)均大于1,芳樟醇与正己醛间存在掩蔽作用;芳樟醇与OR1D2受体结合能为−5.40 kcal·mol−1远低于正己醛与OR1D2受体结合能−4.46 kcal·mol−1,且芳樟醇和正己醛与OR1D2受体结合位点重合,芳樟醇能竞争抑制正己醛与OR1D2受体结合。结论:紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理能改善烤制武昌鱼风味,紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理后生成的芳樟醇能掩蔽正己醛的气味。

分子对接  /  挥发性化合物  /  气味相互作用  /  冻藏  /  S-曲线

Objectives: To investigate the mechanistic basis of the effects of Perilla essential oil and ginger juice on the flavor characteristics of roasted Megalobrama amblycephala (Wuchang fish) after frozen storage. Methods: Wuchang fish was selected as raw material to study the effect of Perilla essential oil and ginger salt on the flavor of grilled fish after frozen storage. A comparison was made between the treated (PG) and control (CK) groups that were frozen for 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d. After cooking and storage, the changes in volatile flavor compounds and sensory aspects combined with the S-curve and molecular docking technology were used to explore the effect of Perilla essential oil and ginger juice on fish taste. Results: After frozen storage for the same period, the sensory scores of "spicy taste" "fishy taste acceptability", and "overall odor acceptability" in PG group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed in the electronic nose detection results of the two groups. During frozen storage, the primary flavor contributors were n-hexanal and n-octanal. The relative odor activity value (ROAV) of linalool in the PG group was notably higher than that in the CK group, and linalool played an important role in the flavor characteristics of the fish in the PG group. The M values (actual threshold value/theoretical threshold value) of the mixtures of linalool and n-hexanal (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) after mixing was (12.00, 26.25, and 5.78), thus all >1, and a masking effect between linalool and n-hexanal was observed. The binding energy of linalool and the OR1D2 receptor was −5.40 kcal·mol−1, which was significantly lower than the binding energy of n-hexanal and the OR1D2 receptor −4.46 kcal·mol−1. In addition, the binding sites of linalool and n-hexanal and the OR1D2 receptor were coincident; therefore, linalool could competitively inhibit the binding of n-hexanal and the OR1D2 receptor. Conclusions: The flavor of roasted Wuchang fish can be improved by treatment with Perilla essential oil and ginger marinade, and the linalool produced by this treatment can mask the smell of n-hexanal.

molecular docking  /  volatile compound  /  odor interaction  /  frozen storage  /  S-curve
胡传峰, 周明珠, 黄丽琪, 刘煊, 乔宇, 吴文锦, 曹锋, 刘双全. 紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理对烤制武昌鱼冻藏后风味影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 371 -380 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120165
Chuanfeng HU, Mingzhu ZHOU, Liqi HUANG, Xuan LIU, Yu QIAO, Wenjin WU, Feng CAO, Shuangquan LIU. Effects of Perilla Essential Oil and Ginger Juice Marination on the Flavor of Wuchang Grilled Fish after Frozen Storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 371 -380 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120165
武昌鱼(Megalobrama amblycephala)又名团头鲂,主产于湖北,是我国主要淡水经济鱼类之一[1]。以武昌鱼为原料制作的预制调味鱼也广受好评,但预制淡水水产品发展还受到原有腥味和冻藏中因氧化而风味劣变等因素的影响。
鱼肉在冻藏过程中会因蛋白质和脂质的氧化、内源酶作用的腐败及微生物代谢产物积累等问题,导致新鲜度降低、气味劣变,食用价值和经济效益降低[2−3]。紫苏精油和生姜常被用作去腥剂加入淡水产品加工过程中,且能有较好的去腥效果[4]。在已有的研究中发现萜类物质能掩盖难闻气味是紫苏精油、姜汁中主要的去腥成分。芳樟醇是紫苏精油中主要的挥发性风味物质,能很好地掩盖武昌鱼的腥味[5−6],生姜中的姜醇、姜酚等物质也能针对海参制品的腥味有较好的掩蔽效果[7]。王清政等[8]也在实验中发现紫苏精油作为香料能使细点圆趾蟹在蒸制后获得更丰富的风味。黄丽琪等[5]的研究中发现紫苏精油与姜汁作为去腥剂加入腌料中对武昌鱼进行腌制处理能改善鱼肉在烤制后的风味和滋味,但紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理对烤制武昌鱼在冻藏期间风味影响还不清楚且紫苏精油和姜汁作为去腥剂加入对水产品的腥味掩盖作用机理尚不明确。
分子对接技术能计算机模拟大分子蛋白与小分子配体的结合,在医药领域,药物设计等领域使用广泛,目前在食品风味形成的机理研究中也有较多应用。嗅觉受体(Olfactory Receptors,Ors)属于G蛋白偶联受体(G Protein-Coupled Receptors,GPCRs),属于膜蛋白,嗅觉受体具有七个跨膜α-螺旋结构[9],嗅觉受体的N端往往位于细胞膜外,羧基端往往位于细胞膜内[10−11],气味物质通过与嗅觉受体膜外的口袋相结合而识别气味物质[12],分子对接模拟气味分子与嗅觉受体结合,能预测气味分子与受体结合难易程度并预测结合位点,能很好地用于推测气味分子间相互作用关系[13−14]。
因此,本实验通过比较加入紫苏姜汁腌制处理和未加紫苏精油姜汁腌制处理的烤制鱼肉在冻藏1、30、60、90、120 d后的电子鼻、挥发性风味物质、感官变化并结合S-曲线、分子对接技术分析紫苏精油和姜汁对鱼肉腥味的掩盖作用原理,为预制鱼肉风味改善提供新方法。
武昌鱼(500±5 g) 2023年5月购于湖北省武汉市白沙洲水产品批发市场;无水甲醇 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;芳樟醇、正己醛 纯度大于99%,梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司;仲辛醇 质谱纯,阿拉丁上海试剂有限公司;食盐 湖北盐业集团有限公司;乙基麦芽酚 广东省肇庆香料有限公司;酵母提取物 安琪酵母股份有限公司;复合磷酸盐 徐州添安食品添加剂有限公司;纯净水 娃哈哈集团;紫苏精油 雪麦龙食品香料有限公司;姜汁 青州姜正源农产品有限公司。
7890A-5975C GC-MS气相色谱质谱联用仪 美国Agilent Technologies公司;PEN 3型电子鼻 德国Airsense公司;7890 A高效液相色谱、DB-WAX色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) 安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司;PT3540烤箱 美的集团;SHJ-4CD水浴恒温磁力搅拌器 济南欧莱博技术有限公司;CPA225D型电子分析天平 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司。
参考黄丽琪等[5]方法,鲜活武昌鱼屠宰后去鱼鳞、去鱼鳃和内脏,流水清洗,切花刀后用厨房纸将表面水分擦拭干净,将调料混合搅拌均匀,涂抹在鱼的全身,放置在4 ℃冰箱中腌制2 h。调料包括基础腌制液(1%食盐、0.05%乙基麦芽酚、0.1%酵母提取物、0.05%复合磷酸盐、1%水)和去腥剂(0.05%紫苏精油和2%姜汁)(腌制液各物质添加量以鱼肉质量计算)。将腌制后的武昌鱼表面水分用厨房纸擦干后置于烤箱中,烤箱温度和时间为200 ℃和25 min,烤制结束后取出,放置室温后用聚乙烯袋真空密封包装,放置于−18 ℃冰箱冻藏。分别取冻藏1、30、60、90、120 d后样品置于25 ℃解冻25 min后对各项指标进行检测分析,分别记为1D、30D、60D、90D、120D。
CK组:腌制阶段只加入基础腌料腌制。
PG组:腌制阶段加入基础腌料和去腥剂腌制。
参考王婧[15]和胡传峰等[16]的方法略作修改,为降低复热处理对鱼肉风味的影响,将解冻后的武昌鱼分别置于沸腾后的蒸锅中蒸制10 min后用于感官实验。感官评价小组由男女比例为1:1的8位无饮食偏见和过敏反应、经验丰富的学生组成,参与评价的人员年龄处于20~24岁,感官评价小组成员根据冷冻不同时间的烤制武昌鱼的烤香、香料味、腥味可接受度和整体气味可接受度进行综合评分,总分100分,分值越大,特征越强。感官评价总分按加权评分计算,具体评分标准如表1所示。
参考姚晓波等[17]的方法并稍作修改,取2.0 g解冻后鱼肉搅碎放入20 mL进样瓶里,在温度为40 ℃的水浴锅中平衡30 min后进行测定。PEN 3电子鼻检测参数:清洗时间100 s,测试时间120 s,气体流量150 mL/min,每组三个平行,特征值提取时间点115~116 s。电子鼻的10个传感器对应名称及性能描述见表2。
参考陈芳雪等[18]的方法并稍作修改,取2.0 g解冻后鱼肉搅碎置于20 mL顶空瓶中,放入磁力搅拌器在40 ℃下平衡15 min,然后将70 μm Carboxen/PDMS的SPME针管插入顶空瓶中吸附40 min后插入气相色谱质谱联用仪进样口解吸5 min。在DB-WAX色谱柱上进行分离。定量分析:将50 μL内标物仲辛醇(质量浓度为0.8×10−6 g/mL)加入到上述样品中,各挥发性化合物的含量通过待测挥发物与仲辛醇峰面积的比值得出。定性分析:结果用谱库(NIST08)匹配,选取匹配度为60%以上的物质确定挥发性气味物质种类。
仪器参数:DB-WAX色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)。载气氦气的恒定流速为1.0 mL/min,进样器温度为250 ℃,离子源温度为230 ℃。温度程序如下:烘箱温度保持在40 ℃,以2 ℃/min的速度升至100 ℃,然后以5 ℃/min的速度升至180 ℃,最后再以8 ℃/min升至250 ℃,保持5 min。涂层纤维在进样口250 ℃下解吸5 min。质谱扫描在30~400 amu的范围内进行,并且全扫描模式,不分流。
表明风味化合物贡献大小的物理量可以通过气味活性值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)呈现,也可表示挥发性物质对整体风味的贡献值,对风味有较大贡献的挥发性物质OAV值大于1,并且OAV值越大表明该组分对总体风味贡献越大。ROAV用于评估单个化合物对整体香气的贡献,ROAV的大小能确定关键风味成分[19]。计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{O}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{i}}=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}}}{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{i}}} $
$ \mathrm{R}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{i}}=100\times \frac{{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{i}}}{{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}} $
式中:Ci为被测挥发性化合物的质量浓度,ng/g;OTi为被测香气化合物在水中的气味阈值,ng/g;OAVi为被测香气成分的气味活性值;OAVmax为所有香气成分中气味活性最大值。
气味阈值测定:基于ROAV值筛选出的CK组与PG组中特异性风味物质(芳樟醇和正己醛),用三点选配法(3-AFC)和S-曲线法测定其气味阈值。参考CZERNY等[20]和ZHANG等[21]的方法略作修改[20−21],将待测定芳樟醇和正己醛标准品分别用甲醇1:1混合溶解,通过预实验选取合适浓度,并以该浓度作为嗅闻的起始最高浓度然后以2倍浓度梯度设置12个嗅闻浓度进行嗅闻。依次将每个梯度的溶液与另外两个空白溶剂装入随机编号的棕色小瓶中,同时呈递给审评人员进行嗅闻,评价人员需从三个小瓶中选出刺激性气味更大的样品。感官小组由10名训练有素的专业人员组成,其中男性5名,女性5名,年龄:20~24岁。
香气二元协同作用测定:根据GC-MS检测结果中芳樟醇与正己醛浓度比,分别配制不同质量比(1:1、2:1、3:1)的二元混合物(芳樟醇:正己醛),用甲醇1:1溶解,通过预实验选取合适浓度,并以该浓度作为嗅闻的起始最高浓度然后以2倍浓度梯度设置12个嗅闻浓度进行嗅闻。依次将每个梯度的溶液与另外两个空白溶剂装入随机编号的棕色小瓶中,同时呈递给审评人员进行嗅闻,评价人员需从三个小瓶中选出刺激性气味更大的样品。利用Origin软件对样品浓度和校正后检测概率进行S-曲线(3)拟合,当嗅觉检测概率为0.5时,即为待测组分气味实际阈值。二元混合物的理论检测概率根据Feller加和公式(5)计算得到,当实际阈值与理论阈值的比值M>1时,则表现出掩盖作用;当M=1时,则为折中作用;当1>M>0.5时,则为加成作用;当M≤0.5时,则为协同作用[22−23]。
$ {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{e}}=\dfrac{1}{1+{\mathrm{e}}^{-\tfrac{\mathrm{x}-1}{\mathrm{D}}}} $
$ {\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{3}{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{e}}-\frac{1}{2} $
$ \mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}\right)=\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)+\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{B}\right)-\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{A}\right)\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{B}\right) $
式中:Pd为校正后的检测概率;Pe为实际嗅觉检测概率;x为待测组分浓度的对数值,单位为lg(ng/g);D为每种待测物的参数特征;P(AB)为检测混合物理论嗅觉检测概率;P(A)为化合物A嗅觉检测概率;P(B)为化合物B的嗅觉检测概率。
实验小组由遵循《GB/T 22366-2008:感官分析方法学 采用三点选配法(3-AFC)测定嗅觉、味觉和风味觉察阈值的一般导则》的男女比例为1:1的20位学生组成。
嗅觉受体蛋白OR1D2的结构来自uniport数据库[24](https://www.uniprot.org/),气味小分子正己醛、芳樟醇的结构来自Pubchem数据库[25](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)。下载的气味小分子和受体蛋白分子经过Chem3D能量最小化处理后输出为PDB格式。对接前利用Autodock软件[26]对蛋白进行去水加氢处理后选择为受体并导出为PDBQT格式,对小分子进行加氢选择为配体并设置扭转键后导出为PDBQT格式。通过https://proteins.plus/网站预测蛋白活性口袋设置对接盒子[27],选取受体的N端活性口袋进行100次半柔性对接,利用含有氢键的、结合能较低的对接结果,选取该次对接配体分子周围最近5个氨基酸为蛋白质柔性区间和柔性对接的对接盒子。再利用Autodock进行50次柔性对接,选择能量最低且含有氢键的构象为最佳构象,利用Pymol软件[28]绘制对接结果三维图,再利用Ligplot+软件[29]分析二维相互作用力。
采用SPSS 27对实验所得数据进行单因素方差分析,采用Origin 2022、TB tools和SIMCA 14.1进行PCA分析和作图。
CK组与PG组鱼肉在冻藏后感官得分如表3所示,在多种气味分子的共同影响下相同冻藏时间的PG组“气味可接受度”得分显著高于CK组(P<0.05),冻藏相同时间后PG组鱼肉在“香料味”“腥味可接受度”“整体气味可接受度”指标评分均远高于CK组,这证明PG组中香料气味掩盖了鱼肉原本的腥味,经过紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理后的鱼肉气味可接受度显著升高(P<0.05)。冻藏60 d后CK组与PG组“烤香”得分差异显著(P<0.05),但其他冻藏时间CK组与PG组鱼肉“烤香”得分在相同冻藏时间并未有明显差异。经过紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理的鱼肉有较明显的香料香味,使PG组“香料味”得分远高于CK组。蛋白质与脂肪在冻藏过程中氧化产生的醛类物质会加重鱼肉的腥味,使鱼肉的“腥味可接受度”评分随着冻藏时间延长而呈下降趋势,冻藏相同时间后CK组鱼肉的“腥味可接受度”评分远低于PG组,这可能是紫苏精油或姜汁延缓了鱼肉在冻藏过程中的氧化,此外,紫苏精油与姜汁中可能存在某种挥发性风味物质抑制了鱼肉腥味的形成。
为探究紫苏精油和姜汁对冻藏后武昌鱼鱼肉风味影响的作用原理,利用电子鼻检测冻藏不同时间后鱼肉中气味。电子鼻能反映样品风味的基本轮廓,对不同冻藏时间的武昌鱼电子鼻响应值进行主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)能反映出不同冻藏时间后鱼肉的气味差异,结果如图1A所示,主成分PC1贡献率为0.508、PC2贡献率为0.34,前两个主成分的贡献率之和为0.848,能很好地反映样品间的气味差异。由主成分分析可知各样品间气味成分在PC1上出现显著性差异,冻藏1、30、60、90 d的样品主要分布在PC1的右侧,冻藏120 d的样品分布在PC1的左侧,这表明样品挥发性风味物质在冻藏90 d至120 d的过程中产生了显著的变质。如图1B和C所示,PG组在W5S(对氮氧化物敏感)、W1W(对硫化物敏感)传感器上的响应值大于CK组,这与陈晓婷等[30]的研究结果一致。在整个冻藏期中CK组和PG组在W5S上响应值先升高后降低,在冻藏60 d时最高,这可能与冻藏过程中蛋白质变化有关,具体物质变化过程还需要对挥发性气味成分进一步探究。
采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用仪(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)技术分析鉴定不同冻藏时间挥发性物质。如表4所示,所有样品中共检测出39种挥发性风味物质,其中包括醛类5种、酮类6种、醇类9种、萜类物质15种和其他化合物4种。不同处理的样品挥发性风味物质成分和含量存在明显差异,在储藏过程中总体挥发性风味物种类呈现下降趋势;在已有的研究中认为,萜类物质能很好改善食品风味,紫苏精油和姜汁中含有丰富的柠檬烯、芳樟醇、紫苏醛、紫苏酮、姜烯、姜黄烯等萜类物质[31−32],使PG组中的莰烯、桉叶醇、异冰片、芳樟醇等萜类化合物在冻藏1至120 d样品中均有较大检出且显著高于CK组(P<0.05);醛类物质是鱼肉中的主要腥味来源之一,图2A显示,冻藏过程中鱼肉中醛类物质呈动态变化,在冻藏第60 d CK组与PG组醛类物质含量均出现显著性增大,醛类物质主要来源于脂质氧化和氨基酸代谢[33]。在冻藏第90 d后醛类物质又呈下降趋势,这可能是醛类物质氧化成羧酸所致[34];酮类物质因其阈值较高,在整体风味贡献较小;醇类物质在鱼肉风味形成中起着较重要作用,1-辛烯-3-醇是鱼肉中主要的腥味物质之一,1-戊醇通常认为是甜美的气味,能对改善食品风味,在PG组中含量明显高于CK组。在多种挥发性风味物质相互影响下形成CK组与PG组鱼肉的不同风味。
为了探究表征不同样品在储藏过程中风味的变化,利用ROAV评价关键风味物质成分来确定不同冻藏时间的主要风味贡献物质。一般认为ROAV>1的物质才对整体风味有贡献,ROAV越大对风味贡献越大,利用ROAV>1的物质绘制热图,如图2B,鱼肉样品中最主要的风味贡献物为壬醛(腊味,豌豆味)、正庚醛(脂肪气味、腥味)、正己醛(腥味、刺鼻的气味)、正辛醛(腥味、脂肪味)、1-戊醇(愉快气味)、1-辛烯-3-醇(生鸡肉味、腥味)、芳樟醇(柑橘花香、甜玫瑰气味),鱼肉中主要的风味物质气味特征为腥味,其中正己醛与正辛醛的ROAV值最高是鱼肉中最主要的气味物质;1-戊醇与芳樟醇为愉悦性气味,芳樟醇在PG组中含量较高、阈值较低,使其气味贡献值远大于CK组,与感官评价结果一致,这表明紫苏精油与姜汁提供的芳樟醇能在一定程度上改善鱼肉风味使PG组烤制武昌鱼在冻藏过程中气味感官更好。
为探究紫苏精油与姜汁加入对烤制鱼肉在冻藏期间风味改善的作用机制,选取ROAV较高的两种挥发性气味物质芳樟醇和正己醛利用S-曲线法测定其气味阈值,结果如图3A和B。正确识别概率为0.5时所对应的浓度为该物质识别阈值,芳樟醇拟合S-曲线的识别阈值为0.51 ng/g;正己醛拟合S-曲线的识别阈值为1.32 ng/g,且芳樟醇与正己醛的拟合R2分别为0.9956、0.9906,具有较高准确性。实验所得的正己醛和芳樟醇识别阈值与已报道的识别阈值结果不一致,这可能源于不同个体对气味敏感度的差异。
通过S-曲线和Feller添加模型得出的不同比例的芳樟醇与正己醛的相互作用S-曲线如图4,实际阈值和理论阈值如表5,芳樟醇:正己醛=1:1时理论阈值为0.37 ng/g,实际阈值为4.44 ng/g,M=12.00;芳樟醇:正己醛=2:1时理论阈值为0.28 ng/g,实际阈值为7.35 ng/g,M=26.25;芳樟醇:正己醛=3:1时理论阈值为0.23 ng/g,实际阈值为1.33 ng/g,M=5.78。3种浓度比的芳樟醇与正己醛混合物的实际阈值与理论阈值比值M均大于1,为掩盖作用。3种不同比例的芳樟醇与正己醛混合物实际阈值均高于正己醛和芳樟醇检测阈值,这证明正己醛与芳樟醇气味相互间存在掩蔽作用。随着芳樟醇占比增大,M先增后减,这可能是因为在低比例时,芳樟醇对正己醛气味掩蔽效果较差,随着比例增大芳樟醇对正己醛掩蔽效果也逐渐增强,当芳樟醇对正己醛掩蔽效果增至最强后继续增大芳樟醇占比,正己醛对芳樟醇掩蔽作用便会降低。
芳樟醇与正己醛二元协同作用S-曲线结果与感官评价结果相同,如表6所示,PG组鱼肉腥味得分与M值的变化趋势一致,在冻藏30 d PG组鱼肉腥味更淡。鱼肉整体风味轮廓由多种气味物质共同组成,伴随着冻藏时间延长,鱼肉中烤香味、香料味减淡且鱼肉中蛋白质、脂质等氧化产生异味[3],使鱼肉整体感官变差。但在冻藏过程中PG组鱼肉芳樟醇与正己醛比值远高于CK组,芳樟醇能很好地掩盖鱼肉中正己醛产生的腥味,使PG组在冻藏后风味更好。
利用分子对接技术模拟正己醛和芳樟醇与OR1D2受体结合,进一步探究正己醛和芳樟醇相互作用关系,结果见图5A和B。结合能大小反映了受体和配体间结合的可能性,结合能越低,受体与配体间结合稳定性越高、受体和配体的构象越稳定[36]。正己醛与OR1D2受体259 TYR和182 TYR氨基酸残基间生成氢键,氢键键长均为2 Å,且结合能为−4.46 kcal·mol−1能形成稳定对接;芳樟醇与OR1D2受体182 TYR和180 GLU氨基酸残基间生成氢键,氢键键长分别为1.9 Å和1.8 Å,结合能为−5.40 kcal·mol−1能形成稳定对接。芳樟醇和正己醛均能与OR1D2受体上182 TYR氨基酸残基形成氢键,芳樟醇与182 TYR氨基酸残基结合氢键键长更短,且芳樟醇与OR1D2对接能远小于正己醛。将Autodock结果导入ligplot+软件绘制正己醛和芳樟醇与OR1D2受体对接的二维图,图中红色睫毛状符号表示疏水作用力、绿色虚线表示氢键。如图5C和D所示,正己醛和芳樟醇对接结果中均受到277 TYR、108 VAL、104 LEU、105 VAL、181 MET氨基酸残基的疏水力作用,证明芳樟醇与正己醛在与OR1D2结合时存在竞争抑制,芳樟醇更易抢占正己醛与OR1D2嗅觉受体结合位点,使正己醛气味识别阈值增大。
本研究选用武昌鱼为原料研究紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理对烤制鱼肉在冻藏过程中的影响,比较了加去腥剂(紫苏精油和姜汁)腌制处理(PG)组与未加去腥剂腌制处理(CK)组在冻藏1、30、60、90、120 d后挥发性风味化合物、感官的变化并结合S-曲线、分子对接技术分析紫苏精油和姜汁对鱼肉腥味的掩盖作用原理,并探究冻藏不同时间对烤制武昌鱼风味影响。结果发现烤制后鱼肉中共检测出39种挥发性风味物质,其中包括醛类5种、酮类6种、醇类9种、萜类15种和其他化合物4种,且不同组别气味成分差异明显;感官评价结果中相同冻藏时间PG组鱼肉气味显著优于CK组;ROAV显示正己醛是鱼肉中主要的腥味物质,芳樟醇是PG组鱼肉中的气味掩蔽物质;分子对接结果中芳樟醇和正己醛与OR1D2受体结合位点重合,且芳樟醇结合能更低为−5.40 kcal·mol−1能抑制正己醛与OR1D2受体的结合而降低正己醛气味识别阈值,使紫苏精油和姜汁腌制处理后的鱼肉风味更好。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120165
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
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    1农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,湖北武汉 430064
    2湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院,湖北武汉 430068
    3湖北省农业科技创新中心农产品加工研究分中心,湖北武汉 430064
    4武汉梁子湖水产品加工有限公司,湖北武汉 430299
    5中国湖北省武汉市江夏区大桥新区国家农业科技园区,湖北武汉 430205

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乔宇(1981−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
吴文锦(1982−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:水产品加工与保鲜,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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