Article(id=1320889235192787102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120080, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733673600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854134604, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854134604, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854134604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854134604, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=70, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889235381530783, articleId=1320889235192787102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Identification, Structural Characterization of Exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY49, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to isolate a yeast strain capable of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) from vineyard soil. The isolated EPS-producing yeast was identified through morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing using the Neighbor-joining method. On this basis, EPS produced by PFY49 (PFY49-EPS) was separated and purified by Sephadex G-100 gel column, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the strain was Sporidiobolus pararoseus, named PFY49, with NCBI GenBank accession number MW784627.1. In addition, the weight average molecular weight of PFY49-EPS was 3.63×105 Da, mainly composed of polysaccharides such as mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and fucose. It was an O-glycosidic linked α-, β- pyranose without a triple helix structure and mainly existed in a disordered amorphous structure. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface of PFY49-EPS was relatively rough and uneven, covered with small holes and films, forming sharp or spike-like structures in aqueous solutions. This study reveals the structural characteristics of PFY49-EPS, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent structural functional research of S. pararoseus EPS.

, authors=Chuangang ZANG1, Zhenyan LIU2, *, Wei ZHU2, Jinfeng ZHU2, Xiaoting CHEN2, Fangyi PEI2, authorsList=Chuangang ZANG, Zhenyan LIU, Wei ZHU, Jinfeng ZHU, Xiaoting CHEN, Fangyi PEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenyan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889241672986794, articleId=1320889235192787102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=锁掷孢酵母的鉴定及其产胞外多糖的结构表征, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在从葡萄园土壤里分离出一株可以产胞外多糖(exopolysaccharide,EPS)的酵母菌株,并对其产EPS结构进行初步鉴定。首先,通过形态学观察、16S rDNA序列分析和Neighbor-joining法构建系统发育树对分离出产EPS的酵母菌进行分类鉴定。在此基础上,利用Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱柱对PFY49产EPS(PFY49-EPS)进行分离和纯化,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱和原子力显微镜等方法对其结构进行表征。结果显示,该菌株为近粉红锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus),将其命名为PFY49,NCBI GenBank登录号为MW784627.1。PFY49-EPS的重均分子量为3.63×105 Da,主要由甘露糖、葡糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和岩藻糖组成的杂聚糖,为O-糖苷键链接的α-、β-吡喃糖且无三股螺旋结构,并主要以无序非晶体结构存在;扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜显示,PFY49-EPS表面相对粗糙不均匀,覆盖着小孔和薄膜,在水溶液中形成尖或刺的结构。本研究揭示了PFY49-EPS的结构特征,为S. pararoseus胞外多糖在后续结构-功能研究提供理论依据。

, authors=藏传刚1, 刘振艳2, *, 祝巍2, 朱金峰2, 陈晓婷2, 裴芳艺2, authorsList=藏传刚, 刘振艳, 祝巍, 朱金峰, 陈晓婷, 裴芳艺, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘振艳, authorNote=

藏传刚(1986−),男,本科,实验师,研究方向:微生物资源发掘与利用,E-mail:

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刘振艳(1986−),女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:药食同源植物及微生物资源发掘与利用,E-mail:。
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注:A为1000×;B为2000×。

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锁掷孢酵母的鉴定及其产胞外多糖的结构表征
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藏传刚 1 , 刘振艳 2, * , 祝巍 2 , 朱金峰 2 , 陈晓婷 2 , 裴芳艺 2
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(2): 70-76
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (2) : 70 -76
锁掷孢酵母的鉴定及其产胞外多糖的结构表征
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藏传刚1 , 刘振艳2, * , 祝巍2, 朱金峰2, 陈晓婷2, 裴芳艺2
作者信息
  • 1齐齐哈尔医学院科研处,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 2齐齐哈尔医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
通讯作者:
刘振艳(1986−),女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:药食同源植物及微生物资源发掘与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

藏传刚(1986−),男,本科,实验师,研究方向:微生物资源发掘与利用,E-mail:

Identification, Structural Characterization of Exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY49
Chuangang ZANG1 , Zhenyan LIU2, * , Wei ZHU2, Jinfeng ZHU2, Xiaoting CHEN2, Fangyi PEI2
Affiliations
  • 1Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
  • 2School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120080
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本研究旨在从葡萄园土壤里分离出一株可以产胞外多糖(exopolysaccharide,EPS)的酵母菌株,并对其产EPS结构进行初步鉴定。首先,通过形态学观察、16S rDNA序列分析和Neighbor-joining法构建系统发育树对分离出产EPS的酵母菌进行分类鉴定。在此基础上,利用Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱柱对PFY49产EPS(PFY49-EPS)进行分离和纯化,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱和原子力显微镜等方法对其结构进行表征。结果显示,该菌株为近粉红锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus),将其命名为PFY49,NCBI GenBank登录号为MW784627.1。PFY49-EPS的重均分子量为3.63×105 Da,主要由甘露糖、葡糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和岩藻糖组成的杂聚糖,为O-糖苷键链接的α-、β-吡喃糖且无三股螺旋结构,并主要以无序非晶体结构存在;扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜显示,PFY49-EPS表面相对粗糙不均匀,覆盖着小孔和薄膜,在水溶液中形成尖或刺的结构。本研究揭示了PFY49-EPS的结构特征,为S. pararoseus胞外多糖在后续结构-功能研究提供理论依据。

近粉红锁掷孢酵母  /  分离鉴定  /  胞外多糖  /  组成  /  结构特性

This study aimed to isolate a yeast strain capable of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) from vineyard soil. The isolated EPS-producing yeast was identified through morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing using the Neighbor-joining method. On this basis, EPS produced by PFY49 (PFY49-EPS) was separated and purified by Sephadex G-100 gel column, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the strain was Sporidiobolus pararoseus, named PFY49, with NCBI GenBank accession number MW784627.1. In addition, the weight average molecular weight of PFY49-EPS was 3.63×105 Da, mainly composed of polysaccharides such as mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and fucose. It was an O-glycosidic linked α-, β- pyranose without a triple helix structure and mainly existed in a disordered amorphous structure. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface of PFY49-EPS was relatively rough and uneven, covered with small holes and films, forming sharp or spike-like structures in aqueous solutions. This study reveals the structural characteristics of PFY49-EPS, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent structural functional research of S. pararoseus EPS.

Sporidiobolus pararoseus  /  isolation and identification  /  exopolysaccharides  /  composition  /  structure characteristics
藏传刚, 刘振艳, 祝巍, 朱金峰, 陈晓婷, 裴芳艺. 锁掷孢酵母的鉴定及其产胞外多糖的结构表征. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 70 -76 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120080
Chuangang ZANG, Zhenyan LIU, Wei ZHU, Jinfeng ZHU, Xiaoting CHEN, Fangyi PEI. Identification, Structural Characterization of Exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY49[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 70 -76 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120080
微生物胞外多糖(exopolysaccharide,EPS)作为一种重要的次生代谢产物,能够保护细胞免受不良条件和吞噬作用的影响,因其独特的生物活性而备受瞩目[1−2]。目前,关于EPS的研究主要集中在乳酸菌[3−5],而对酵母菌产生的胞外多糖研究较少,近年来,越来越多的研究表明,不仅细菌(如乳酸菌)能够产生EPS,酵母菌也具备产生EPS的能力[6−8]。此外,酵母菌产EPS还具有成本低、无毒和易于从介质中分离出来的特点,因此在食品、医药和农业等领域具有广阔的应用前景[2,9]。然而,目前关于酵母菌产EPS的研究主要集中在菌株的筛选、分离及鉴定、发酵条件的优化和功能性质等方面[6,10],而对酵母菌产EPS结构表征研究仍处于起步阶段,特别是对S. pararoseus EPS的结构、性质和应用潜力尚未进行深入研究,同时EPS的结构是分析其构效关系的基础,因此,研究S. pararoseus EPS的结构对于明确其应用潜力具有重要意义。
有研究报道,不同来源酵母菌产生的EPS结构不同,Chen等[11]通过对西藏酸乳酒分离的15株酵母菌进行产EPS实验,发现15种EPS之间的微观结构和表面形态不同。Kim等[10]从南极假丝酵母Pseudozyma sp. SY16中提取的EPS由半乳糖、甘露糖和甘露糖组成,具有良好的乳化稳定性。此外,Ghada等[12]从Rhodotorula Glutinins分离纯化的EPS由甘露糖、葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖组成,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化和抗病毒活性。前期研究表明S. pararoseus PFY49生产的EPS是一种新型EPS,具有很好的持水性、水溶性、乳化性、热稳定性,同时具有良好的抗氧化活性和体外胆汁酸结合能力,已在课题组之前的研究中完成[13]。然而,迄今为止,其EPS的结构特征尚未被研究,因此,本研究拟用一株具有高产EPS的菌株为供试菌株(编号为PFY49),采用形态学方法和16S rDNA序列分析等方法对菌株进行鉴定,对PFY49-EPS提取、纯化,并考察其结构,以期为后续PFY49-EPS研究结构-功能关系提供依据。
1株酵母菌(编号为PFY49) 分离自齐齐哈尔地区葡萄园土壤,并保存于齐齐哈尔医学院卫生检验中心;葡萄糖、硫酸铵、硫酸镁、氯化钙、磷酸氢二钾、氯化钠 天津江天化工技术有限公司;酵母提取物、蛋白胨 北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司;BCA蛋白检测试剂盒 北京ComWin生物技术有限公司;葡聚糖凝胶G-100 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;D-葡糖醛酸 大连美仑生物技术有限公司;不同分子量的葡聚糖标准品、单糖标准品 Sigma-Aldrich;高效液相色谱中所用试剂均为色谱纯,其他分析试剂由天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司提供;分子实验所涉及的试剂2×Taq PCR Mastermix(KT201-02)、细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒(DP302)、50×TAE Buffer(RT204)、Agarose LE琼脂糖(RT101)、GeneRed核酸染料(RT211)6×DNA电泳Loading(BufferRT201-01)、DL 2000 DNA Marker (MD114-01)、DL 15000 DNA Marker(MD110-01) 天根生化科技有限公司;酵母浸出粉胨葡萄糖(yeast extract peptone dextrose,YPD)液体培养基:酵母浸提物10.00 g/L,蛋白胨20.00 g/L,葡萄糖20.00 g/L;产糖培养基:氯化钠0.60 g/L,葡萄糖17.50 g/L,硫酸镁1.80 g/L,硫酸铵2.00 g/L,磷酸氢二钾0.24 g/L,氯化钙0.28 g/L。将上述二种培养基置于高压蒸汽灭菌锅内,115 ℃灭菌25 min。
Milli-Q型纯水仪 美国Millipore公司;LDZF-50L灭菌锅 上海申安公司;5804R台式高速大容量冷冻离心机、22331Hamburg高速离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;FE28 pH计、AL204电子天平 瑞士梅特勒-托利多集团;CX31光学显微镜 日本Olympus公司;LC-18N-50D冷冻干燥机、DHP-9162电热恒温培养箱 上海力辰科技有限公司;UH5300紫外可见分光光度计、SU8010扫描电子显微镜 日本Hitachi公司;Spectrum 1傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 美国PerkinElmer公司;LC-20AT高效液相色谱仪 日本Shimadzu公司;iD3酶标仪 美国Molecular Devices公司;D8 Advance X射线衍射仪 德国Bruker公司;Ntegra Prima原子力显微镜 俄罗斯NT-MDT公司。
菌种的培育参照Liu等[14]方法,首先,将菌株PFY49接种于YPD液体培养基中,28 ℃培养3 d。将活化后的菌株按5%(v/v)接种量接种至产糖培养基中,摇床转速210 r/min、28 ℃培养6 d。
参照蒋光阳等[15]方法,取少量菌体,使用磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤,离心后收集细胞;经2.5%戊二醛固定后,分别用10%、30%、50%、70%、90%和100%的乙醇进行脱水,干燥后喷金,使用扫描电子显微镜观察其形态。
采用DNA分离试剂盒提取PFY49的基因组DNA。参照Abdelnasser等[16]方法,用引物(27F,5′-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3′;1492R,5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′)对16S rDNA基因进行扩增。PCR片段采用凝胶电泳进行分析,由瑞博兴生物技术有限公司(中国哈尔滨)纯化并测序,所得序列通过搜索工具(basic local alignment search tool,BLAST)与美国国家生物技术信息中心(national center for biotechnology information,NCBI)数据库进行比较,采用Neighbor-joining法构建菌株系统发育树[17]。
PFY49-EPS的提取和纯化基于本课题组之前的方法[18−19]。将发酵液用高速冷冻离心机离心(4 ℃,12000 r/min,10 min),收集上清液,并向其中加入3倍体积分数的乙醇(95%),于4 ℃静置24 h后,12000 r/min离心10 min,用50 mL去离子水溶解沉淀,获得粗多糖。向粗多糖溶液加入50 mL三氯乙酸(10%)脱蛋白,低温搅拌10 h,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min去除蛋白。向上清液中再次加入3倍体积分数的乙醇(95%),4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min,然后将粗多糖溶于100 mL去离子水中,置于透析袋中4 ℃透析2 d,透析袋孔径为8~12 kDa,最后,使用Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱柱(1.6 cm×50 cm)以0.2 mL/min的流速进行纯化粗多糖,收集纯多糖,命名为PFY49-EPS,在50 ℃下旋转蒸发,冷冻干燥,待用。
分别采用苯酚-硫酸法[20](葡萄糖为标准品)、硫酸-咔唑法[21](葡糖醛酸为标准品)、氯化钡-明胶法[22](硫酸钾为标准品)和BCA蛋白试剂盒(以牛血清白蛋白为标准品)分析PFY49-EPS中的总糖、糖醛酸、硫酸基团和蛋白含量。以葡萄糖(y=22.361x+0.0051,R2=0.9991)、葡糖醛酸(y=0.0154x+0.0044,R2=0.9992)、硫酸钾(y=0.0021x+0.0022,R2=0.9992)和牛血清白蛋白(y=0.8448x+0.052,R2=0.9968)含量为横坐标,吸光值为纵坐标,建立标准曲线回归方程。取一定浓度的PFY49-EPS溶液以同样的方法进行测定,获得其在波长490、530、360和562 nm处的吸光值,通过标准曲线回归方程计算PFY49-EPS中总糖、糖醛酸、硫酸基团和蛋白质含量,从而确定其化学成分。
采用凝胶渗透色谱法[23](Gel Permeation Chromatography,GPC)测定PFY49-EPS分子量,配备Shodex SB-806HQ柱(13 μm,300 mm×8.0 mm),配制PFY49-EPS(0.2 mg/mL)溶液用0.2 mol/L硝酸钠以0.5 mL/ min速率洗脱。
采用Sun等[24]和Bai等[5]的方法测定纯化后的PFY49-EPS单糖组成。称取2 mg PFY49-EPS置于酸水解瓶中,加入1 mL盐酸-甲醇(2 mol/L)溶液,置于油浴锅中(80 ℃)反应16 h。反应结束后,使用氮吹仪将水解管中盐酸-甲醇吹干,再加入1 mL三氟乙酸(2 mol/L)于120 ℃反应1 h,反应结束后再将其吹干。向酸水解小瓶中加入500 μL NaOH(0.3 mol/L),使单糖样品完全溶解。加入500 μL 1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮-甲醇(0.5 mol/L),并用移液枪吹打底部,使不溶物分散均匀。取200 μL混合液于EP管中,将样品放入70 ℃水浴锅中保持30 min。将反应后的样品取出,加入100 μL HCl(0.3 mol/L)中和反应产物,加入700 μL CH2Cl2,使有机相和水相分层。将EP管旋涡振荡90 s,直至完全混匀,离心。用注射器将下层的有机相抽干净,再用1 mL的注射器抽取剩下的水相,再用0.22 μm的滤膜过滤,随后采用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)系统分析水相中单糖组成。选用葡萄糖(glucose,Glc)、甘露糖(mannose,Man)、半乳糖(galactose,Gal)、鼠李糖(rhamnose monohydrate,Rha)、木糖(xylose,Xyl)、岩藻糖(fucose,Fuc)、阿拉伯糖(arabinose,Ara)、葡萄糖醛酸(glucuronic acid,GlcA)和半乳糖醛酸(galacturonic acid,GalA)9种单糖作为对照。色谱条件:色谱柱:5C18-PAQ柱(4.6 ID×250 mm);流动相:用乙腈-KH2PO4缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH7.0)(19.2:80.8);体积流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:245 nm;柱温:25 ℃;进样量:10 μL。
将冻干的PFY49-EPS溶解在蒸馏水中,使其浓度为1 mg/mL,在波长为190~400 nm范围内记录紫外吸收光谱[25−26]。将冻干的PFY49-EPS(0.5 mg)与KBr(100 mg)混匀,压成透明片剂,然后用红外光谱仪测定400~4000 cm−1波数下的透光率[27−28]。
参照Zhang等[29]的方法,通过β-消除反应检测PFY49-EPS的O-糖苷键。向5.0 mL NaBH4-NaOH(1 mol/L)溶液中加入10 mg PFY49-EPS冻干样,45 ℃反应24 h,扫描范围为190~400 nm,以相同浓度不含NaOH的PFY49-EPS作对照。
通过刚果红试验测定PFY49-EPS是否具有三股螺旋结构[25−26]。将2.0 mL PFY49-EPS溶液(1 mg/mL)与2.0 mL刚果红溶液(80 μmol/L)混合,并将NaOH溶液(1 mol/L)加入到混合液中,使NaOH的浓度为0~0.5 mol/L,使用酶标仪扫描其最大吸收波长(λmax),扫描范围为400~800 nm。以不含PFY49-EPS的水和刚果红混合物溶液作对照。
参照Krishnamurthy等[30]的方法,采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对PFY49-EPS进行分析,衍射条件为:管压40 kV,管流150 mA,扫描范围2θ为5º~80º,采样步宽0.02º。
使用SEM对PFY49-EPS的形态进行了分析[31]。取适量PFY49-EPS样品置于样品台,用导电胶固定后进行镀金,在5 kV电压下对其表面形态进行观察。
参照Chen等[32]方法,将PFY49-EPS用去离子水稀释至10 μg/mL,过0.22 μm滤膜,滴在云母片上,室温干燥,通过AFM在敲击模式下观察PFY49-EPS分子形态。
所有实验都独立进行三次,结果以平均值±标准差表示,SPSS软件(25.0版本)对数据进行分析,统计分析采用方差分析(ANOVA),P<0.05为有统计学差异(*),P<0.01为有显著统计学差异(**),P<0.001为有极其显著的统计学差异(***),采用Origin 2024 64Bit软件进行绘图。
菌株PFY49的形态见图1A和图1B。由图1可知,细胞呈现出椭球状。采用DNA分离试剂盒提取菌株的DNA,将测序结果与BLAST与NCBI公布的数据库进行比对,并通过Neighbor-joining法构建系统发育树,发现菌株PFY49与S. pararoseus CZ410-1(GenBank登录号:FJ755245.1)的相似度为99.64%,证明锁掷孢酵母是其最近的亲缘关系(图1C),因此,菌株PFY49被鉴定为近粉红锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus),命名为Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY49(S. pararoseus PFY49),其16S rDNA部分基因序列已存入NCBI GenBank,登录号为MW784627.1。
PFY49-EPS的总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和硫酸基团占比分别为91.86%±0.10%、7.89%±0.12%、0.07%±0.02%和0.18%±0.02%,与Liu等[6]研究结果相似。此外,Seyfi等[33]的研究表明,糖和蛋白质之间存在两种糖肽连接方式,PFY49-EPS中是否存在侧链的酰胺氮原子(N-聚糖)或氧原子(O-聚糖),还需要通过β-消除实验进一步验证。
采用GPC系统测量了PFY49-EPS的分子质量。结果表明PFY49-EPS的重均分子量(weight-average molecular weight,Mw)、数均分子量(number-average molecular weight,Mn)和多分散系数(Mw/Mn)分别为3.63×105 Da、3.52×105 Da和1.03(图2A)。通过HPLC技术分析了PFY49-EPS的单糖组成,如图2B所示,PFY49-EPS为杂多糖,由Man、GlcA、Glc、Gal和Fuc组成,摩尔组成比例为19.06:1:3.05:9.41:2.07。Poli等[34]也报道了类似的结果,由Man、Glc和Gal组成的Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AL1产生的EPS摩尔比为1:0.1:0.08,由此可见,微生物的种类、培养基成分和培养条件对EPS的结构有显著影响。
PFY49-EPS的UV-Vis光谱如图3A所示,其最大吸收峰在190 nm处,此外,在波长280 nm和260 nm处,没有明显的吸收峰,表明PFY49-EPS中核酸和蛋白的含量较低,说明 PFY49-EPS的纯化效果较好,基本不含蛋白质或核酸。FT-IR是识别400~4000 cm−1中PFY49-EPS特征官能团的一种分析方法[5]。如图3B所示,PFY49-EPS在3405 cm−1处有较强吸收峰,这是由O-H和N-H伸缩振动产生的,羟基是糖类共有的特征,而氨基是糖胺聚糖特有的特征[35]。在2932 cm−1处表现出较弱的C-H拉伸振动,表明其分子间及分子内结构中有C-H[25−26]。1652 cm−1处的吸收峰与乙酰氨基有关[36],此外,在1417 cm−1处出现了由于多糖结合水或者C=O发生了非对称伸缩振动、对称伸缩振动才引起的吸收峰,说明PFY49-EPS有C=O官能团[37],在1652 cm−1处观察到内酯C=O拉伸振动的特征峰[38]。1074 cm−1处有吸收峰,表示PFY49-EPS中有吡喃糖环的存在[14]。同时,在810 cm−1和877 cm−1处的吸收峰表明PFY49-EPS中同时含有α-和β-糖苷。综上所述,PFY49-EPS具有α-吡喃糖和β-吡喃糖,这与单糖组成的结果一致。
PFY49-EPS的β-消除结果如图4A所示,用β-消除反应来判断糖苷键的连接方式,在氢氧化钠溶液下,O-糖苷键容易断裂,释放出不饱和氨基酸,在240 nm处出现特征吸收峰,而N-糖苷键相对稳定,吸光度没有变化,图4A显示在240 nm处检测到特征吸收峰,表明PFY49-EPS中存在O-糖苷键,该β-消除反应的结果与Liu等[14]的研究结果一致。刚果红可以和具有三螺旋结构的多糖形成络合物(刚果红-EPS),如图4B所示,随着氢氧化钠溶液(0~0.5 mol/L)浓度的增加,刚果红-PFY49-EPS的λmax降低,没有明显的红移现象,对照组λmax(无PFY49-EPS的刚果红溶液)也有类似的趋势。这些结果表明,PFY49-EPS的结构不是三螺旋结构。研究表明,杂多糖不容易形成三股螺旋结构[38],这与单糖组成分析结果相一致。通过测定XRD图谱,探究PFY49-EPS的结晶结构。在图4C中记录了PFY49-EPS从5°~80º时的XRD图谱,显示在15°~25°(2θ)附近出现了一个衍射峰,其峰形圆钝,说明PFY49-EPS主要以无序非晶体存在。XRD结果表明,PFY49-EPS处于无规则非晶体状态,这与刚果红试验的结果一致,Jeddou等[39]也得到了类似的结果。
采用SEM和AFM观察PFY49-EPS的形态学特征(图5)。PFY49-EPS的扫描电镜结构图像如图5A和图5B所示,表面相对粗糙不均匀,呈片状结构,表面有小孔和裂缝,内部成分复杂聚集,由于其粗糙的表面结构使其更易与水结合,从而提高其溶解性[33]。图5C和图5D显示,PFY49-EPS在水溶液中表面很粗糙,有一些不规则的突起,其结构相对稀疏,各团块的最大高度为47.26 nm,平均粗糙度为7.66 nm。Ayyash等[40]发现格氏乳球菌(L. garvieae)C47的EPS呈片状且分层,EPS微观结构的不同可能是由于其单糖组成以及提取方式的差异导致这些微观结构不同[41]。
菌株PFY49通过形态学和16S rDNA序列分析等方法被鉴定为近粉红锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus),命名为S. pararoseus PFY49,其16S rDNA部分基因序列已存入NCBI GenBank,登录号为MW784627.1。通过醇提、去蛋白、透析、过凝胶柱从PFY49中获得纯EPS(PFY49-EPS),分析其化学成分,PFY49-EPS主要由中性糖组成,伴随少量的蛋白质和硫酸基团的存在,其中总糖含量高达91.86%±0.10%。HPLC分析表明,PFY49-EPS是一种主要由Man组成的杂多糖,其Mw、Mn和Mw/Mn值分别为3.63×105 Da、3.52×105Da和1.03。FT-IR、刚果红试验和XRD结果表明,PFY49-EPS具有EPS的特征吸收峰,并含有吡喃结构,是以O-糖苷键链接的α-、β-吡喃糖且无三股螺旋结构,主要以无序非晶体结构存在。扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜显示,PFY49-EPS表面相对粗糙不均匀,覆盖着小孔和薄膜,在水溶液中形成尖或刺的结构。本研究揭示了S. pararoseus EPS主要化学成分和结构特征,但其具体的生物活性、功能机制以及在不同应用领域中的潜力仍有待进一步探索。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120080
  • 接收时间:2024-12-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09
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    1齐齐哈尔医学院科研处,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
    2齐齐哈尔医学院公共卫生学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006

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刘振艳(1986−),女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:药食同源植物及微生物资源发掘与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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