Article(id=1320882208047481722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733241600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852459203, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852459203, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852459203, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852459203, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=300, endPage=310, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882209721009019, articleId=1320882208047481722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Development of an Intelligent Visual SEA Detection Method for Salmonella, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study aimed to develop a rapid and visual method for detecting Salmonella detection by integrating strand exchange amplification (SEA) with a smartphone-based application (APP). Methods: A chitosan-modified silica membrane (CMSM) was optimized for nucleic acid enrichment from samples. Primers for the SEA isothermal amplification reaction were designed, and a smartphone application "Salmonella Smart Detection" was developed based on neutral red coloration. The specificity, sensitivity, anti-interference capability, and detection performance for artificially contaminated samples were systematically evaluated. Results: The detection platform exhibited high specificity for Salmonella. The detection limit for genomic DNA was 10 pg/μL, while the sensitivity for bacterial colony detection was 1.5×102 CFU/mL. The method demonstrated strong resistance to interference from natural background bacterial flora in pork, achieving a detection sensitivity of 3.57×102 CFU/mL in artificially contaminated pork samples. Conclusion: The intelligent visual detection system based on SEA developed in this study demonstrates rapid performance, high sensitivity, strong specificity, and advanced intelligent visualization capabilities. This system offers an innovative and practical approach for on-site visual screening of Salmonella in food products.

, authors=Xiaotian SUN1, Junying WANG1, Yingting GONG1, Jingnan MENG1, Zhen LI1, Yanyan ZHAO1, 2, Ligong ZHAI1, *, authorsList=Xiaotian SUN, Junying WANG, Yingting GONG, Jingnan MENG, Zhen LI, Yanyan ZHAO, Ligong ZHAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ligong ZHAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882212053042068, articleId=1320882208047481722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=沙门氏菌智能可视化SEA检测方法的建立, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:建立一种基于链交换等温扩增技术(strand exchange amplification,SEA)与手机端检测程序(application,APP)结合的快速、可视化检测沙门氏菌的方法。方法:优化了富集样品核酸的壳寡糖修饰的二氧化硅膜(chitosan-modified silica membrane,CMSM),设计SEA等温扩增反应的引物,通过中性红显色开发的智能手机APP“沙门智检”,并对方法的特异性、灵敏度、抗干扰能力和人工污染检测能力进行评估。结果:该检测平台对沙门氏菌的检测表现出较强的特异性,基因组DNA灵敏度为10 pg/μL,菌落灵敏度为1.5×102 CFU/mL,对猪肉自然背景菌群的干扰具有较好的抗性,人工污染猪肉样品中的检测灵敏度为3.57×102 CFU/mL。结论:本研究建立的SEA智能可视化检测体系具有快速、灵敏、高特异性及智能可视化检测沙门氏菌的特点,可为食品中沙门氏菌的现场可视化快速筛查提供一种新型简便的策略。

, authors=孙笑天1, 王俊颖1, 龚莹婷1, 孟静南1, 李真1, 赵岩岩1, 2, 翟立公1, *, authorsList=孙笑天, 王俊颖, 龚莹婷, 孟静南, 李真, 赵岩岩, 翟立公, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=翟立公, authorNote=

孙笑天(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食源性致病菌,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
翟立公(1983−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食源性致病菌分子快速检测技术的开发及食源性致病菌抗逆机制的研究,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QGEZMQ3ow09zail4yF9cQA==, magXml=j4fXC5f4cI8Lr4a7BDXvbQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=u0VcKeARGlGnJwebILpTwQ==, pdfFileSize=9873417, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=D0khikVr7lMjw/cAJXtymQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JukgazhmyUIm8dRuIneAPw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882214053725085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=SXT15398173254@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882214120833951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, authorId=1320882214053725085, language=EN, stringName=Xiaotian SUN, firstName=Xiaotian, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Food Science and Engineering College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320882214183748512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, authorId=1320882214053725085, language=CN, stringName=孙笑天, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1安徽科技学院食品科学与工程学院,安徽滁州 233100, bio={"content":"

孙笑天(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食源性致病菌,E-mail:

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注:流程图使用Figdraw绘制。

, figureFileSmall=Eq4/7bTSmBRwUpzsX0IXMQ==, figureFileBig=D0khikVr7lMjw/cAJXtymQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882216431895498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Optimization of CMSM and analysis of nucleic acid enrichment capacity, figureFileSmall=PlOqyGjrhSgNNfrraRO4Cw==, figureFileBig=r8427G3lLtKHrzJi0a2GvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882216503198667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CMSM优化及核酸富集能力分析

注:A:壳寡糖分子量及浓度对CMSM富集核酸的影响;B:GPTMS浓度对CMSM富集核酸的影响;C:优化后的CMSM富集核酸的总量和效率;图A 中a~c表示不同壳寡糖浓度对CMSM富集结果的显著性差异,A、B表示相同浓度下壳寡糖分子量对CMSM富集结果的显著性差异;图B中a~c表示不同GPTMS浓度对CMSM富集结果的显著性差异;图C中a~d表示不同初始DNA量对CMSM富集结果的显著性差异,A~D表示CMSM富集效率的显著性差异;差异性显著P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=PlOqyGjrhSgNNfrraRO4Cw==, figureFileBig=r8427G3lLtKHrzJi0a2GvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882216578696140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of scanning electron microscopy images of CMSM before and after enrichment, figureFileSmall=usnm+/PnXKJoz/hgr1a0rw==, figureFileBig=7CtLEuJlfBQ+B1yX8xCFcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882216649999309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图3, caption=富集前、后的CMSM扫描电镜图对比

注:A:未进行DNA富集的扫描电镜图;B:富集DNA后的扫描电镜图。

, figureFileSmall=usnm+/PnXKJoz/hgr1a0rw==, figureFileBig=7CtLEuJlfBQ+B1yX8xCFcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882216717108174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Prim-specific analysis results, figureFileSmall=b6SJbnjDpSgg138FfH5XZw==, figureFileBig=+j20Ui6nnjp4l+N+/uMS9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882216800994255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图4, caption=引物特异性分析结果

注:A:引物Pf1与7种血清型沙门氏菌扩增的电泳图,1:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,2:海德堡沙门氏菌,3:乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,4:德尔卑沙门氏菌,5:丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌,6:猪霍乱沙门氏菌,7:都柏林沙门氏菌;B:引物Pf1与6种非沙门氏菌及德尔卑沙门氏菌扩增的电泳图,1:大肠杆菌,2:金黄色葡萄球菌,3:铜绿假单胞菌,4:单增李斯特菌,5:志贺氏菌,6:粪肠球菌,7:德尔卑沙门氏菌。

, figureFileSmall=b6SJbnjDpSgg138FfH5XZw==, figureFileBig=+j20Ui6nnjp4l+N+/uMS9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218482910160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SEA amplification time optimization, figureFileSmall=k0kkVb46oebN8igq7/uFdQ==, figureFileBig=z7u8fzoQO5bs70hnLyXDuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218554213329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SEA扩增时间优化

注:1:60 min;2:50 min;3:40 min;4:30 min;5:20 min;6:10 min。

, figureFileSmall=k0kkVb46oebN8igq7/uFdQ==, figureFileBig=z7u8fzoQO5bs70hnLyXDuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218642293714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Color change of neutral red under different pH conditions, figureFileSmall=aREZkMpj+yuMbrSoGRNA+A==, figureFileBig=CC72TVmZAk2dswq8FR5U5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218713596883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同pH条件下中性红的变色情况

注:1:pH4.5;2:pH5.5;3:pH6.5;4:pH7.5;5:pH8.5。

, figureFileSmall=aREZkMpj+yuMbrSoGRNA+A==, figureFileBig=CC72TVmZAk2dswq8FR5U5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218801677268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Evaluation of mobile application usage parameters, figureFileSmall=3P8C3ZS3Mvv9tGzFW1YFBA==, figureFileBig=sz2Q9d1iBc+TkZ4WxaFwIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218864591829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图7, caption=软件使用参数评估

注:A:光源对软件获取色值之差的影响;B:拍照距离对软件色值之差的影响;a,b,c,d表示色值之差之间的显著性差异,差异性显著P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=3P8C3ZS3Mvv9tGzFW1YFBA==, figureFileBig=sz2Q9d1iBc+TkZ4WxaFwIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882218952672214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Evaluation of mobile application performance, figureFileSmall=klWo7dtRilfvaQBohQliGw==, figureFileBig=YV2FFy2cd8Dt9ff36Oi6fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219015586775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图8, caption=软件使用性能评估

注:A:手机像素对软件获取色值之差的影响;B:软件的稳定性评估;a,b表示色值之差之间的显著性差异,差异性显著P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=klWo7dtRilfvaQBohQliGw==, figureFileBig=YV2FFy2cd8Dt9ff36Oi6fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219074307032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Sensitivity evaluation of genomic DNA, figureFileSmall=FWEdojNU7ReEu6/pIB3vhA==, figureFileBig=aa7NFwDAgukz2NSDtJgF6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219158193113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图9, caption=基因组DNA灵敏度评价

注: A:基因组DNA灵敏度比色结果;B:软件获得的色值之差结果;1:10−3 ng/μL;2:10−2 ng/μL;3:10−1 ng/μL;4:100 ng/μL;NTC为阴性对照。

, figureFileSmall=FWEdojNU7ReEu6/pIB3vhA==, figureFileBig=aa7NFwDAgukz2NSDtJgF6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219246273498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Colony sensitivity evaluation and the software determination results, figureFileSmall=ihe4atPH5gBaSWUbiHUXFw==, figureFileBig=2/xMrGQYBp//Ai0FFv+fyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219321770971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图10, caption=菌落灵敏度评价和软件判定结果

注:A:Salmonella Derby菌落灵敏度比色结果;B:软件获得的色值之差结果;1:1.5×100 CFU/mL;2:1.5×101 CFU/mL;3:1.5×102 CFU/mL;4:1.5×103 CFU/mL;5:1.5×104 CFU/mL;6:1.5×105 CFU/mL;7:1.5×106 CFU/mL;8:1.5×107 CFU/mL;NTC为阴性对照。

, figureFileSmall=ihe4atPH5gBaSWUbiHUXFw==, figureFileBig=2/xMrGQYBp//Ai0FFv+fyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219426628572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Anti-interference evaluation under pork background microbiota and the software determination results, figureFileSmall=5//5vNi+oozIUn4FOaDlTA==, figureFileBig=sK8xpEglzzdzTfIXjzXj7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219489543133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图11, caption=猪肉背景菌群下的抗干扰评价和软件判定结果

注:A:猪肉背景菌群与Salmonella Derby混合样本的抗干扰评价;B:软件获得的色值之差结果;1:混合比例10−1:1;2:混合比例100:1;3:混合比例101:1;4:混合比例102:1;5:混合比例103:1;6:混合比例104:1;7:混合比例105:1;8:混合比例106:1;NTC为阴性对照。

, figureFileSmall=5//5vNi+oozIUn4FOaDlTA==, figureFileBig=sK8xpEglzzdzTfIXjzXj7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219560846302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Evaluation of artificially contaminated pork samples and the software determination results, figureFileSmall=3t1U5pN/VyX3aVcQBywPSw==, figureFileBig=numiZry7SH5q97z5tuY3uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219648926687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=图12, caption=人工污染猪肉样品评价和软件判定结果

注: A:人工污染猪肉样品评价;B:软件获得的色值之差结果;1:3.57×100 CFU/mL;2:3.57×101 CFU/mL;3:3.57×102 CFU/mL;4:3.57×103 CFU/mL;5:3.57×104 CFU/mL;6:3.57×105 CFU/mL;7:3.57×106 CFU/mL;8:3.57×107 CFU/mL;NTC为阴性对照。

, figureFileSmall=3t1U5pN/VyX3aVcQBywPSw==, figureFileBig=numiZry7SH5q97z5tuY3uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882219879613408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information of the strains used experimental

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号菌种拉丁名菌种号
1德尔卑沙门氏菌Salmonella DerbyCMCC50719
2鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella TyphimuriumCMCC50115
3海德堡沙门氏菌Salmonella HeidelbergCICC21487
4乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella Paratyphi BCICC21495
5丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella Paratyphi CCICC21512
6猪霍乱沙门氏菌Salmonella CholeraesuisATCC13312
7都柏林沙门氏菌Salmonella DublinCMCC21497
8大肠杆菌Escherichia coliCICC21530
9金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureusCMCC26003
10铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC27853
11单增李斯特菌Listeria monocytogenesCICC21622
12志贺氏菌ShigellaCMCC51571
13粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalisATCC12953
), ArticleFig(id=1320882219980276705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验用菌株信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号菌种拉丁名菌种号
1德尔卑沙门氏菌Salmonella DerbyCMCC50719
2鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella TyphimuriumCMCC50115
3海德堡沙门氏菌Salmonella HeidelbergCICC21487
4乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella Paratyphi BCICC21495
5丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella Paratyphi CCICC21512
6猪霍乱沙门氏菌Salmonella CholeraesuisATCC13312
7都柏林沙门氏菌Salmonella DublinCMCC21497
8大肠杆菌Escherichia coliCICC21530
9金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureusCMCC26003
10铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC27853
11单增李斯特菌Listeria monocytogenesCICC21622
12志贺氏菌ShigellaCMCC51571
13粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalisATCC12953
), ArticleFig(id=1320882220282266594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primer sequence information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标菌靶基因引物序列(5′-3′)产物
大小
来源
SalmonellafimYPf1-FTCGGTATCTGGTGGTGTAGC49 bp本文
设计
Pf1-RCCATCAACGAACGGGAC
), ArticleFig(id=1320882220378735587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引物序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标菌靶基因引物序列(5′-3′)产物
大小
来源
SalmonellafimYPf1-FTCGGTATCTGGTGGTGTAGC49 bp本文
设计
Pf1-RCCATCAACGAACGGGAC
), ArticleFig(id=1320882220471010276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

PCR reaction system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂终浓度体积(μL)
Taq PCR Master Mix2×12.5
DNA模板10 ng/μL1
Pf1−F0.4 μmol/L1
Pf1−R0.4 μmol/L1
dd H2O9.5
总体积25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882220718474213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PCR反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂终浓度体积(μL)
Taq PCR Master Mix2×12.5
DNA模板10 ng/μL1
Pf1−F0.4 μmol/L1
Pf1−R0.4 μmol/L1
dd H2O9.5
总体积25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882220793971686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

SEA intelligent visualization reaction system reagent information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂浓度体积(μL)
Buffer A1×12.5
Buffer B1×2.5
中性红染料1.0 mg/mL1
Pf1-F1.5×10−3 mol/L3.75
Pf1-R1.5×10−3 mol/L3.75
dd H2O1.5
总体积25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882221104350183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882208047481722, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

SEA智能可视化反应体系试剂信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂浓度体积(μL)
Buffer A1×12.5
Buffer B1×2.5
中性红染料1.0 mg/mL1
Pf1-F1.5×10−3 mol/L3.75
Pf1-R1.5×10−3 mol/L3.75
dd H2O1.5
总体积25
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沙门氏菌智能可视化SEA检测方法的建立
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孙笑天 1 , 王俊颖 1 , 龚莹婷 1 , 孟静南 1 , 李真 1 , 赵岩岩 1, 2 , 翟立公 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(1): 300-310
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (1) : 300 -310
沙门氏菌智能可视化SEA检测方法的建立
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孙笑天1 , 王俊颖1, 龚莹婷1, 孟静南1, 李真1, 赵岩岩1, 2, 翟立公1, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽科技学院食品科学与工程学院,安徽滁州 233100
  • 2功能农业与功能食品安徽省重点实验室,安徽滁州 233100
通讯作者:
翟立公(1983−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食源性致病菌分子快速检测技术的开发及食源性致病菌抗逆机制的研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙笑天(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食源性致病菌,E-mail:

Development of an Intelligent Visual SEA Detection Method for Salmonella
Xiaotian SUN1 , Junying WANG1, Yingting GONG1, Jingnan MENG1, Zhen LI1, Yanyan ZHAO1, 2, Ligong ZHAI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Food Science and Engineering College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
  • 2Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Chuzhou 233100, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120036
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目的:建立一种基于链交换等温扩增技术(strand exchange amplification,SEA)与手机端检测程序(application,APP)结合的快速、可视化检测沙门氏菌的方法。方法:优化了富集样品核酸的壳寡糖修饰的二氧化硅膜(chitosan-modified silica membrane,CMSM),设计SEA等温扩增反应的引物,通过中性红显色开发的智能手机APP“沙门智检”,并对方法的特异性、灵敏度、抗干扰能力和人工污染检测能力进行评估。结果:该检测平台对沙门氏菌的检测表现出较强的特异性,基因组DNA灵敏度为10 pg/μL,菌落灵敏度为1.5×102 CFU/mL,对猪肉自然背景菌群的干扰具有较好的抗性,人工污染猪肉样品中的检测灵敏度为3.57×102 CFU/mL。结论:本研究建立的SEA智能可视化检测体系具有快速、灵敏、高特异性及智能可视化检测沙门氏菌的特点,可为食品中沙门氏菌的现场可视化快速筛查提供一种新型简便的策略。

沙门氏菌  /  链交换等温扩增  /  壳寡糖  /  可视化检测

Objective: This study aimed to develop a rapid and visual method for detecting Salmonella detection by integrating strand exchange amplification (SEA) with a smartphone-based application (APP). Methods: A chitosan-modified silica membrane (CMSM) was optimized for nucleic acid enrichment from samples. Primers for the SEA isothermal amplification reaction were designed, and a smartphone application "Salmonella Smart Detection" was developed based on neutral red coloration. The specificity, sensitivity, anti-interference capability, and detection performance for artificially contaminated samples were systematically evaluated. Results: The detection platform exhibited high specificity for Salmonella. The detection limit for genomic DNA was 10 pg/μL, while the sensitivity for bacterial colony detection was 1.5×102 CFU/mL. The method demonstrated strong resistance to interference from natural background bacterial flora in pork, achieving a detection sensitivity of 3.57×102 CFU/mL in artificially contaminated pork samples. Conclusion: The intelligent visual detection system based on SEA developed in this study demonstrates rapid performance, high sensitivity, strong specificity, and advanced intelligent visualization capabilities. This system offers an innovative and practical approach for on-site visual screening of Salmonella in food products.

Salmonella  /  strand exchange amplification (SEA)  /  chitosan oligosaccharide  /  visual detection
孙笑天, 王俊颖, 龚莹婷, 孟静南, 李真, 赵岩岩, 翟立公. 沙门氏菌智能可视化SEA检测方法的建立. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 300 -310 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120036
Xiaotian SUN, Junying WANG, Yingting GONG, Jingnan MENG, Zhen LI, Yanyan ZHAO, Ligong ZHAI. Development of an Intelligent Visual SEA Detection Method for Salmonella[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 300 -310 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120036
沙门氏菌(Salmonella)是一种严重危害公共卫生安全的食源性致病菌,属革兰氏阴性杆菌,由其引起的食物中毒可导致发热、恶心、呕吐、腹泻及腹部绞痛等症状[1]。据统计,2022年全国主动监测哨点医院收集的约14万腹泻病例生物样本中,沙门氏菌检出率约6%,位列第一[2]。在欧洲,沙门氏菌是食品工业生产中最常引发污染的食源性致病菌之一[3]。因此,建立一种特异性强、灵敏度高的沙门氏菌快速检测方法是非常必要的。
壳寡糖/壳聚糖是一种可以在物体表面形成一层正电荷的阳离子聚合物,通过溶液中pH的变化能够实现样品中DNA吸附和解离[4]。相较于传统的液−液萃取法,这种吸附与释放机制的可逆性和对pH的敏感性,使得壳寡糖/壳聚糖在核酸检测中展现了高度的实用性和灵活性[5]。Gan等[6]采用壳聚糖修饰滤纸,可在热塑性微芯片上耦合核酸纯化,从稀释样品(50 pg/μL)中富集62%的λ噬菌体-DNA。该研究表明,壳寡糖/壳聚糖在核酸纯化过程中具有出色的高效性和稳定性,尤其适用于低浓度样品的检测。与传统的液−液萃取法相比,该方法在操作简便性、成本效益和自动化程度方面具有显著优势,在现场快速检测场景中展现出广泛的应用前景。
链交换等温扩增技术(strand exchange amplification,SEA)是2016年提出的新型等温扩增技术[7]。SEA反应依赖于反应温度下DNA的“呼吸作用”而形成的单链泡状结构,通过局部碱基对打开产生的单链变性泡,短链核苷酸引物能够侵入变性泡并延伸。相较于环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),SEA的引物设计更简单、污染的风险更低[8]。Yang等[9]利用SEA方法,对肺炎支原体进行快速检测,可以在1 h内检测到低至1.0×104 copies/mL的基因组DNA。在SEA反应过程中,由于Bst DNA聚合酶的催化扩增过程伴随着大量H+的积累,导致反应体系中pH的降低(从pH8.0降至pH5.5)[10]。利用这一特性,通过选择合适的pH敏感染料实现对SEA反应结果的可视化检测。Du等[11]向LAMP反应产物中加入CuSO4,通过生成的沉淀实现可视化检测。然而,在低检测限条件下,观察沉淀物或颜色变化易受光源或个体色弱情况的影响,进而导致结果误判。 通过开发基于智能手机的颜色信号识别系统,可有效降低人为误判的可能,提高检测的可靠性与准确性。
本研究以沙门氏菌特异性基因为靶点建立一套集核酸富集−靶点等温扩增−智能化信号识别为一体的现场快速可视化检测平台。针对沙门氏菌检测过程中的前增菌步骤,采用壳寡糖修饰的二氧化硅膜(chitosan-modified silica membrane,CMSM)实现液相中DNA的高效富集。通过SEA等温扩增反应,结合开发的智能手机APP“沙门智检”实时读取反应体系颜色的变化,实现对沙门氏菌的快速可视化检测。评估结果表明,该平台具备较高的特异性、灵敏度及抗干扰能力,展现出良好的现场快速检测(point-of-care testing,POCT)应用潜力,为食品中沙门氏菌的快速筛查提供了一种高效、低成本的检测方案。
实验用菌株分别来源于中国医学细菌菌种保藏管理中心(National Center for Medical Culture Collections,CMCC)、中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(China Center of Industrial Culture Collection,CICC)和美国菌种保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection,ATCC),菌株信息详见表1;猪肉 购自凤阳县农贸市场;LB培养基 海博生物技术有限公司;Ezup柱式DNA抽提试剂盒、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,GPTMS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)、4-吗啉乙磺酸(4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid,MES)、中性红(Neutral red) 上海生工生物工程有限公司;壳寡糖(分子量<5000 Da、<2000 Da) 青岛云宙生物科技有限公司;二氧化硅膜 北京艾比根生物科技有限公司;SEA等温扩增通用试剂盒 青岛耐德生物技术有限公司;除另有说明外,所有其他化学品均为分析级。
Super Mini Dancer调速型迷你离心机 上海生工生物工程有限公司;TC-EA-48DA基因扩增仪 杭州博日科技有限公司;NV3000C*超微量紫外可见分光光度计 美国威斯特;BSC-110011ⅡA2-X生物安全柜 湖南湘仪实验仪器开发有限公司;ME403E电子天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;LDZX-50KBS立式高压蒸汽灭菌锅 上海三发科学仪器有限公司;蔡司sigma300 扫描电子显微镜 德国卡尔蔡司公司。
引物序列信息见表2。fimY基因的选用参考Zhao等[12]对沙门氏菌检测的研究。从NCBI数据库中(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)获得Salmonella fimY特异性基因序列(GenBank:CP051213.1)。通过NCBI进行序列比对,使用Primer Premier 5.0软件,设计和筛选出针对沙门氏菌的特异性引物,引物由上海生工生物科技有限公司合成,引物序列信息见表2。
将表1中的菌株接种于30 mL LB液体培养基中,37 ℃培养12 h,梯度稀释后取100 μL接种于LB琼脂培养基中,37 ℃培养24 h,对菌落进行计数。使用Ezup柱式DNA抽提试剂盒提取上述各菌株基因组DNA。使用超微量紫外可见分光光度计(260 nm波长)测定DNA浓度[13]。−20 ℃保藏,作为后续实验的DNA模板。
参考Cao等[14]的方法并进行改进。将二氧化硅膜置于70 ℃的食人鱼溶液(浓H2SO4:浓H2O2=2:1)中水浴10 min。使用去离子水冲洗至洗出液中性为止,40 ℃干燥12 h。将干燥后的二氧化硅膜浸入浓度为1.0%壳寡糖、1.0% GPTMS和50 mmol/L乙酸的混合溶液中,室温孵育8 h。使用50 mmol/L乙酸溶液冲洗多次,再用去离子水冲洗至洗出液中性为止,40 ℃彻底干燥。将其裁剪成直径约3 mm、厚约1 mm的圆片,置于灭菌后的容器中保存。
参考金玉珠等[15]的方法并进行改进。优化制备过程中的壳寡糖分子量、浓度及GPTMS浓度,评估CMSM富集的DNA总量和富集效率。使用分子量<2000 Da和分子量<5000 Da的壳寡糖,依照1.2.3中的方法,使用1.0%壳寡糖、1.0% GPTMS和50 mmol/L乙酸的混合溶液制备CMSM。将CMSM浸入100 μL初始DNA总量为C1=100 ng的DNA溶液中(pH5),轻轻搅拌4 min后取出,使用超微量紫外可见分光光度计(260 nm波长)测得剩余DNA总量C2(单位:ng),通过测定初始DNA总量与剩余DNA总量的差值,计算出CMSM富集的DNA总量m(单位:ng)。m的计算公式如下。
$ {{\mathrm{m}}={\mathrm{C}}_1-{\mathrm{C}}_2} $
式中,m为富集的DNA总量(ng),C1为初始DNA总量(ng),C2为剩余DNA总量(ng)。
依照1.2.3中的方法,控制混合溶液中GPTMS与乙酸浓度不变,优化混合溶液中的壳寡糖浓度(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)。控制混合溶液中壳寡糖与乙酸浓度不变,优化混合溶液中的GPTMS浓度(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)。依照公式(1),计算各浓度条件下富集的DNA总量m。每个浓度条件下进行三次重复实验,数据采用平均值和标准差进行统计分析。
评估CMSM富集的DNA总量和富集效率。将CMSM分别浸入100 μL初始DNA量为C1(10、20、50、100、150、200 ng)的DNA溶液中(pH5),轻轻搅拌4 min后取出。使用超微量紫外可见分光光度计(260 nm波长)测得溶液中剩余的DNA总量C2(单位:ng),使用公式(1)计算出CMSM富集的DNA总量m(单位:ng),得到CMSM的核酸富集效率η(单位:%)。η的计算公式如下。
$ {\eta }({\text{%}})=\frac{\mathrm{m}}{{\mathrm{C}}_1}\times 100 $
式中,η为富集效率(%),m为富集的DNA总量(ng),C1为初始DNA总量(ng)。
参考Wang等[16]文献中的描述。通过扫描电子显微镜(型号:蔡司 sigma300;能谱:牛津 Xplore30)对核酸富集前后的CMSM样品进行表征。在成像之前,将样品镀上一层约10 nm的金膜以增强导电性。将SEM的加速电压设置为3.00 kV,放大倍数为5.00 k×。采集高分辨率图像以观察CMSM的表面形貌,并评估表面形貌的相关变化。所有成像均在高真空条件下进行,以确保最佳分辨率。
以表1中7株不同血清型的沙门氏菌和6株非沙门氏菌的基因组DNA为模板,使用表2中设计的沙门氏菌特异性引物进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系如表3所示。
PCR反应程序:94 ℃变性5 min,之后再94 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,以上过程进行30个循环,最后再72 ℃延伸10 min。PCR扩增产物在4%的琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳,并在凝胶成像仪中观察电泳结果,进而确定引物的特异性。
按照SEA等温扩增通用试剂盒使用说明书配制SEA反应体系,将配制好的反应体系于 60 ℃下分别反应一段时间(10、20、30、40、50、60 min),将SEA扩增产物在4%的琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳,并在凝胶成像仪中观察电泳结果,确定最优的扩增时间。
参考铁德金等[17]文献中的方法并进行改进。配制浓度1.0 mg/mL的中性红溶液,作为SEA可视化反应的指示剂,配制等梯度的pH缓冲溶液(pH4.5、5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5),取25 μL pH缓冲溶液,加入1 μL中性红溶液,室温下静置5 min,确保染料与溶液充分平衡。观察溶液颜色变化情况,验证SEA可视化方法的可行性。
参考Li等[18]文献中的方法并进行改进。将表1中的菌株接种于30 mL LB液体培养基中,37 ℃培养12 h。取1 mL菌液,加入100 μL裂解缓冲液(50 mmol/L Tris-HCl,0.5% SDS,pH9.0),80 ℃水浴6 min,促使细胞裂解释放核酸。向裂解体系中加入300 μL 50 mmol/L MES缓冲液(pH4.0),得到结合缓冲液(pH5.0)。将CMSM放入结合缓冲液中,轻轻搅拌4 min,促使核酸吸附到膜上。使用100 μL的MES缓冲液对CMSM进行洗涤,洗去除核酸外的其他成分。随后将其作为模板直接加入到SEA反应体系中。CMSM吸附的核酸可直接在SEA反应体系中(pH8.0)进行洗脱和原位扩增。SEA智能可视化反应体系如表4所示。
SEA扩增程序:将试剂混合后,构成25 μL体系,吹打混匀,短暂离心以消除气泡,在60 ℃恒温条件下反应 40 min即可。
SEA智能可视化检测程序:通过开发的手机APP“沙门智检”进行检测分析。使用手机拍摄反应结果,对显色区域在RGB颜色模型(Red-Green-Blue,RGB)中的绿色通道值(G)和蓝色通道值(B)进行分析。以G值和B值的色值之差(B−G)为检测标准。当B−G≤0时,反应结果为阴性,当B−G>0时,反应结果为阳性。整个SEA智能可视化检测体系的示意图如图1所示。
参考李晴等[19]和卫玉钊[20]文献中的方法并进行改进。对APP使用过程中的光源要求进行测试,对APP的拍摄高度进行优化。以华为Mate 60 Pro智能手机(5000万像素)作为图片采集工具,选取三种不同模板DNA浓度(10−2、100、102 ng/μL)的SEA智能可视化反应作为样本,并以无模板反应作为阴性对照组(NTC),在自然光和 LED 光源下分别采集色值,评估光源对APP读取颜色信息的影响。选取模板DNA浓度为10 pg/μL的SEA智能可视化反应作为样本,在不同的拍摄高度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40 cm)下采集色值,分析拍摄高度对APP采集色值的影响,确定使用软件时的最佳拍摄高度。
参考Moussa等[21]文献中的方法并进行改进。评估手机像素及拍摄次数对APP采集色值和结果判定的影响。选取三种不同模板DNA浓度(10−2、100、102 ng/μL)的SEA智能可视化反应作为样本,并以无模板反应作为阴性对照组(NTC),使用不同的手机像素(1600、2000、5000万)进行拍摄采集色值,评估手机像素对APP读取颜色信息的影响。选取模板DNA浓度为10 pg/μL的SEA智能可视化反应作为样本,每个样本采集5次色值,分析APP使用的稳定性。
参考Hong等[22]文献中对于沙门氏菌的研究。对SEA智能可视化检测方法的基因组DNA灵敏度和纯菌液检测灵敏度进行评估。选取表1中的Salmonella Derby为目标菌株,依照1.2.2方法培养并提取全基因组DNA模板,将DNA浓度梯度稀释为10−3~100 ng/μL。将Salmonella Derby菌液梯度稀释至终浓度(1.5×107~1.5×100 CFU/mL)。按照1.2.9中的检测体系和检测程序进行SEA智能可视化反应,结束后观察反应体系颜色变化,使用APP进行智能分析检测。采用无模板的反应作为阴性对照组(NTC)。
在实际应用中,沙门氏菌的测定可能受食品中天然背景菌群的干扰影响[23]。选取表1中的Salmonella Derby菌株作为目标菌株,通过抗干扰实验验证该方法的准确性。对照国标GB4789.4-2016对猪肉样品进行检测,确认无沙门氏菌[24]。将10 g猪肉在90 mL LB液体培养基中37 ℃培养24~48 h,将猪肉背景菌群梯度稀释至2.08×108~2.08×101 CFU/mL。以106:1、105:1、104:1、103:1、102:1、101:1、100:1和10−1:1的比例与Salmonella Derby等比例混合。取1 mL混合菌液,依照1.2.9中的检测体系和检测程序进行SEA智能可视化反应,结束后观察反应体系颜色变化,使用APP进行智能分析检测。采用无模板的反应作为阴性对照组(NTC)。
参考卢鑫等[25]文献中的方法。从当地农贸市场购买猪肉样品,使用国标法(GB 4789.4-2016)检测不含沙门氏菌。选取表1中的Salmonella Derby菌株作为目标菌株,依照1.2.2中的方法培养12 h,将菌液梯度稀释至3.57×107~3.57×100 CFU/mL,分别接种于10 g猪肉表面,与90 mL LB液体培养基混匀均质。取1 mL均质液,依照1.2.9中的检测体系和检测程序进行SEA智能可视化反应,结束后观察反应体系颜色变化,使用APP进行智能分析检测。
采用无模板的反应作为阴性对照组(NTC),实验结果以均值±标准差表示,SPSS Statistics 26、Origin 2021等软件进行分析及作图,P<0.05表示有显著性差异。
为提高CMSM的核酸富集能力,本研究对其制备过程中的壳寡糖分子量、浓度以及CPTMS浓度进行了优化。图2A的结果显示,壳寡糖的分子量和浓度对CMSM富集DNA总量具有显著的影响。与<5000 Da的壳寡糖相比,壳寡糖浓度相同条件下,分子量<2000 Da的壳寡糖制备的CMSM富集的DNA总量更高。主要是由于其分子尺寸相对较小、修饰密度更高以及空间位阻较小,较小分子量的壳寡糖能够在CMSM表面形成均匀且高效的修饰层,从而增强与核酸的静电吸附作用,而分子量较大的壳寡糖可能因空间位阻效应导致修饰效率降低,限制了核酸的吸附能力。此外,随着壳寡糖浓度从0%增加至1.0%,CMSM富集的DNA总量显著增加(P<0.05),并在1.0%浓度时达到峰值。然而,随着壳寡糖浓度进一步增加至2.0%,富集的DNA总量并未进一步增加。这是由于壳寡糖在CMSM的表面修饰达到了饱和状态,进一步提高壳寡糖浓度不能再增加表面阳离子层密度,从而无法进一步吸附核酸。由图2 A的结果分析可知,使用分子量<2000 Da、1.0%浓度的壳寡糖制备的CMSM有较好的核酸吸附能力。
图2B为GPTMS浓度对CMSM富集核酸的影响。由图2B可知,随着GPTMS浓度从0%增加至1.0%,CMSM富集的DNA总量显著增加(P<0.05),并在1.0%浓度时达到峰值。然而,随着GPTMS浓度进一步增加至2.0%,富集的DNA总量并未进一步增加。这是因为随着GPTMS浓度的增加(0%~1.0%),GPTMS逐步促进壳寡糖修饰于二氧化硅膜表面,从而增强CMSM对DNA的静电吸附能力,当GPTMS浓度为1.0%时,已足够将二氧化硅膜表面完全修饰壳寡糖,使CMSM富集DNA的能力达到最大。因此,随着GPTMS浓度进一步增加,CMSM并未能富集更多的核酸。综合图2A和图2B的结果表明:使用分子量<2000 Da、浓度1.0%的壳寡糖和浓度1.0% 的GPTMS制备的CMSM具有较高的核酸吸附量。
由图2C的结果可知,当溶液中初始DNA总量在100 ng以内时,CMSM展现出相当高效的核酸吸附效率,其核酸富集效率(η)均保持在90%以上。随着初始DNA总量从100 ng逐渐增加,富集效率(η)急速下降,当初始DNA总量为200 ng时,富集效率从90%降至45%左右。综合图2C的结果表明,优化后的CMSM能够实现对溶液中DNA的高效富集,同时也说明CMSM对DNA的吸附量存在一定限制,经计算,一份直径3 mm、厚度1 mm的CMSM最多可吸附约90 ng的DNA。这些核酸可为沙门氏菌的快速检测提供足够扩增的模板。
采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对富集前后的CMSM表面形貌进行了表征。图3A显示,在富集前,CMSM的表面较为光滑,无明显附着物,这表明,在富集之前,CMSM的表面纤维结构完整且无外源分子干扰。相比之下,图3B显示,富集后的CMSM表面纤维呈现粗糙状态,且附着有大量明显的颗粒状物质。这种变化清晰地表明核酸分子成功吸附到CMSM的表面。通过对比富集前后的表面结构变化,验证了CMSM在优化条件下能够有效吸附DNA分子。
针对Salmonella fimY基因设计SEA智能可视化检测的引物Pf1-F、Pf1-R,验证引物的特异性。电泳结果图4所示,Pf1的扩增产物大小为49 bp,图4A中,引物Pf1与表1中7种血清型沙门氏菌于49 bp处均成功扩增出目的条带,图4B中,引物Pf1与1~6泳道中的非沙门氏菌进行扩增时,均未出现目前条带,与7泳道中的德尔卑沙门氏菌成功扩增出目的条带。结果表明,引物Pf1-F、Pf1-R对Salmonella的检测具有较高的特异性,与大肠杆菌、单核增生李斯特菌等常见细菌无阳性反应。
优化SEA智能可视化反应的反应时间,对不同反应时间下的扩增产物进行分析,电泳结果如图5所示,随着反应时间的增加,SEA反应于49 bp处的扩增信号逐渐增强,当反应时间达30 min时,可观察到较暗目的条带,延长反应时间至40 min后,可观察到清晰的目的条带。此外,凝胶电泳中还观察到多个较高分子量的扩增产物。这些较高分子量的扩增产物实际上是由49 bp的目标产物经过不同重复次数形成的串联重复序列[26]。这一现象与反应时间相关,表明反应时间的延长促进了串联重复序列的生成。综合考虑扩增信号强度与反应时间之间的关系,本研究将SEA反应的最优反应时间设定为40 min。
本研究中,利用SEA反应体系的pH变化(从pH8.5降至pH4.5),使用1 μL、浓度为1.0 mg/mL的中性红溶液作为比色指示剂。图6的结果表明,当溶液pH≥7.5时,溶液呈橙黄色。随着pH降至6.5,溶液颜色由橙黄色转变为橘黄色,尽管此时颜色发生变化,但尚未达到SEA反应后的pH,因此不应视为反应后的颜色标准。随着pH进一步下降至4.5,溶液颜色转为紫红色,这一颜色变化明显且稳定,具有良好的可辨识性。因此,在SEA反应体系中,若存在目标基因组,即发生扩增反应,体系pH下降,体系颜色从橙黄色转变为紫红色,通过观察颜色变化即可直观判断反应是否为阳性。
图7A显示,使用不同浓度的模板DNA进行SEA智能可视化反应时,分别使用LED光源和自然光光源,APP所得的色值之差(B−G)绝对偏差最大为±0.48,两种光源下的差异不具有统计学显著性,表明在不同浓度的模板DNA条件下,光源对软件的使用影响均较小。图7B显示,当拍摄距离为5~10 cm时,所得色值之差(B−G)的绝对偏差最大为±7.56,且数值波动较大,同时出现了假阴性结果,推测可能是手机拍摄距离过近,导致成像模糊所致。调整拍摄距离至15~25 cm时,拍摄图像清晰且亮度适中,多次测定所得色值之差(B−G)的绝对偏差最大为±2.00,数值波动较小,结果较为稳定。进一步增加拍摄距离至30~40 cm时,多次测定所得色值之差(B−G)的绝对偏差最大为±4.22,数值波动相对较小,但容易出现假阴性结果,推测可能是由于距离过远,图片亮度不均。因此,考虑到实际应用并结合误差值,确定软件的最佳拍摄高度为15~25 cm。
图8A结果显示,在三种浓度的模板DNA进行SEA智能可视化反应时,使用不同的手机像素所得色值之差的绝对偏差分别为±2.72、±3.92和±3.52,数值波动较小,且结果稳定一致,无显著性差异,表明手机像素对软件采集图像信息的影响极小,该软件可适用于不同像素的手机,具有较好的适应性。图8B结果显示,在低浓度模板DNA下(1 ng/μL)进行SEA智能可视化反应时,软件所得色值之差的绝对偏差最大为±3.11,多次测定结果相近,无显著性差异。这表明,软件在低检测限时采集颜色信息的稳定性较好,能够确保快速检测过程中数据的一致性与可靠性。
为了评估所建立的SEA智能可视化检测平台的灵敏度,对Salmonella Derby基因组DNA和纯菌液的检测灵敏度进行了评估。图9展示了对于Salmonella Derby基因组DNA的检测比色结果(图9A)以及手机APP所对应的色值差(B−G)结果(图9B)。图9A显示,当基因组DNA浓度低于10 pg/μL时,反应体系呈现橙黄色,显示为阴性结果,当基因组DNA浓度达到以及超过10 pg/μL时,反应体系变为紫红色,显示为阳性结果。同时,图9B结果显示,当基因组DNA浓度为1 pg/μL时,此时的色值差B−G<0(−41.20±3.04),当基因组DNA浓度为10 pg/μL时,色值差B−G>0(3.80±1.76)。因此,将SEA智能可视化检测平台的最低基因组DNA灵敏度确定为10 pg/μL。该结果与张雅薇等[27]通过重组酶介导的等温核酸扩增(recombinase aided amplification,RAA)技术结合荧光法检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌所报告的10 pg/μL的灵敏度相当。优于Zhang等[28]使用SEA技术检测单增李斯特菌所报告的1.0×10−13 mol/L基因组DNA灵敏度。
图10为对Salmonella Derby纯菌液检测灵敏度的评估。图10A的比色结果显示,当菌落浓度低于1.5×102 CFU/mL时,反应体系呈橙黄色,显示为阴性结果;当菌落浓度高于或等于1.5×102 CFU/mL时,反应体系呈紫红色,显示为阳性结果。图10B显示,在菌落浓度为1.5×102 CFU/mL时,APP测得的B−G数值为3.80±1.44,表现为阳性结果。因此,SEA智能可视化检测平台在纯菌液中的检测灵敏度为1.5×102 CFU/mL。Priya等[29]使用LAMP技术检测沙门氏菌,经过6 h和12 h的长时间富集后,基因组DNA灵敏度分别为lg 2.5 CFU/g和lg 1.5 CFU/g。郦娟等[30]利用重组酶聚合酶等温扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)结合侧流免疫层析法可检测2.0×102 CFU/mL的沙门氏菌。章小洪等[31]建立的沙门氏菌实时荧光定量环介导等温扩增(quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification,qLAMP)检测体系中,经过7 h的长时间增菌,纯菌液的检测灵敏度仅有100 CFU/mL。与上述针对沙门氏菌的研究相比,本研究建立的SEA智能可视化检测平台的菌落灵敏度更高,无需长时间的前增菌步骤,且无需频繁的开盖操作,不易出现假阳性结果,更适用于沙门氏菌的现场快速检测。
本试验的目的是验证在食品复杂环境下,自然背景菌群对检测体系的影响。图11展示了以猪肉的天然背景菌群为干扰因子,模拟自然环境下高浓度背景菌群对SEA智能可视化检测平台灵敏性的影响。由图11A的比色结果可知,背景菌群与Salmonella Derby的混合比例达105:1时,反应体系仍能表现出明显的颜色变化,结合图11B中的B−G值结果分析,此时B−G值为14.60±2.48,检测结果为阳性。尽管在更高的干扰比例下(106:1),肉眼可能观察到颜色变化,但数据显示其B-G值明显低于阳性阈值。这种视觉与数据之间的差异可能是在高浓度背景菌群干扰下,目标扩增受到抑制,不足以完成指示剂的完全变色,但使其偏离了阴性的橙黄色。本研究采用客观量化标准(B-G>0)以消除主观视觉误差,第8组B-G值为-15.40±2.88,严格落在预设阴性区间。因此,将抗干扰界定于第7组(105:1)是基于其产生明确紫红色且B-G值为14.60±2.48。该结果揭示了单纯依赖主观视觉判读方法在临界状态下可能存在误判风险。通过将颜色信息转化为客观量化标准,为结果判定提供了一个统一、可靠的判读标准。现有研究结果表明,背景菌群与目标菌的比例对检测结果的影响较大,105:1的比例已被认为是一个较高的干扰条件[32]。这表明SEA智能可视化检测平台即使在高浓度自然背景菌群的干扰下,仍能保持显著的检测灵敏性。与任翔等[33]使用LAMP方法检测实际样品中的沙门氏菌相比,SEA智能可视化检测方法的抗干扰能力更强,且在样品处理及核酸富集过程中的操作都较为简便、快速,符合在复杂环境下对沙门氏菌进行快速、灵敏检测的需求。
为评估SEA智能可视化方法在实际样品中的适用性和可靠性,本研究选取Salmonella Derby为目标菌株,并以常见于污染的猪肉为样品进行了验证。结果如图12所示,图12A显示,当猪肉样品中的Salmonella Derby污染水平至3.57×102 CFU/mL时,SEA智能可视化反应平台仍能观察到明显的颜色变化,结合图12B分析,此时B−G>0(3.00±0.80),判定检测结果为阳性。实验结果表明,SEA智能可视化方法可在人工加标猪肉样品中检出污染水平低至3.57×102 CFU/mL的Salmonella Derby,该检测水平与纯菌液检测灵敏度达到同一数量级,表明在本研究中猪肉样品基质对SEA智能可视化检测方法的灵敏度影响较小。与罗依宁[34]使用LAMP检出2.16×104 CFU/m L加标样本中沙门氏菌的方法相比,SEA智能可视化检测体系在以猪肉为代表的受污染实际样品中,表现出更优异的检测能力和效果。
本研究建立了一套集核酸富集−靶点等温扩增−智能化信号识别为一体的现场快速可视化检测平台。通过优化的壳寡糖修饰的二氧化硅膜(CMSM),可在80 ℃条件下6 min内富集约90 ng的DNA;SEA等温扩增40 min,使用开发的智能手机APP“沙门智检”分析反应体系的颜色信息,实现了对沙门氏菌的快速可视化检测,并有效降低了人为误判的可能。本方法对沙门氏菌表现出较强的特异性,基因组DNA灵敏度为10 pg/μL,菌落灵敏度为1.5×102 CFU/mL,对猪肉背景菌群有较好的抗干扰能力,人工污染猪肉样品中的检测灵敏度为3.57×102 CFU/mL。整个检测流程从核酸富集到结果呈现可在1 h内完成,具备操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高、成本低等优点。在现场快速检测(POCT)领域具有广阔的应用前景,能够为食品安全监测提供更加便捷的解决方案。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120036
  • 接收时间:2024-12-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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    1安徽科技学院食品科学与工程学院,安徽滁州 233100
    2功能农业与功能食品安徽省重点实验室,安徽滁州 233100

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翟立公(1983−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食源性致病菌分子快速检测技术的开发及食源性致病菌抗逆机制的研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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