Article(id=1320882158525334098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024110318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732464000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852447395, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852447395, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852447395, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852447395, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=197, endPage=205, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882158747632211, articleId=1320882158525334098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Medium and Transcriptomic Analysis for Converting Ellagic Acid to Urolithin A by Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to establish a systematic framework for enhancing the bioconversion efficiency of ellagic acid to urolithin A by Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033 through rational medium engineering, while deciphering the molecular orchestration underlying this metabolic process. Single factor and response surface methodology were used to optimize the culture medium. Transcriptome sequencing technology was utilized to analyze L. fermentum FUA033 before and after ellagic acid supplementation in media, and predict the molecular mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of ellagic acid into urolithin A. The optimized medium was determined to be Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth (WAM) supplemented with 0.16% trace element solution, 0.16 mmol/L methyl viologen, and 0.21% vitamin solution. The optimization resulted in biotransformation rate of 74.91%, 20.83% improved as compared to the unoptimized condition. Following the addition of ellagic acid, 64 significantly up-regulated genes, and 123 differentially down-regulated genes. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in molecular functions including transporter activity, membrane, and ion transport. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated significant alterations in oxidative phosphorylation (P<0.05), with substantial enrichment of functional genes related to metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Notably, two lactonase-encoding genes exhibited significant upregulation, strongly suggesting their catalytic role in hydrolyzing ellagic acid's lactone rings to generate the urolithin A precursor. These findings establish a mechanistic foundation for microbial biosynthesis of urolithin A through fermentation, while systematically delineating the enzymatic determinants governing the bacterial-mediated biotransformation of ellagic acid into urolithin A.

, authors=Gewen ZHANG1, Liangliang QIAN2, Wenmei ZHOU3, Yanyan GONG3, Tao CHEN4, Yingling LIU1, Yaowei FANG1, Shu LIU1, *, authorsList=Gewen ZHANG, Liangliang QIAN, Wenmei ZHOU, Yanyan GONG, Tao CHEN, Yingling LIU, Yaowei FANG, Shu LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shu LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882161830445662, articleId=1320882158525334098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基优化及转录组学分析, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在优化Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基,提高转化率,初步探索菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素的分子机制。通过单因素和响应面法对L. fermentum FUA033(发酵粘液乳杆菌 FUA033)转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基进行优化。采用转录组测序技术对添加鞣花酸前后菌株进行分析,推测菌株发酵转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的分子机制。结果表明,优化获得L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的最佳培养基配方为:厌氧菌肉汤(Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth,WAM)培养基添加微量元素溶液0.16%、甲基紫精0.16 mmol/L、维生素溶液0.21%。在最佳培养基条件下,转化率为74.91%,较优化前提高了20.83%。培养基中添加鞣花酸后,显著上调和下调基因分别为64个和123个。GO富集分析显示差异基因富集于转运蛋白活性、膜、离子转运等功能。KEGG通路富集分析表明氧化磷酸化差异显著(P<0.05),代谢通路和次级代谢产物生物合成的功能基因富集程度大。另外,两个内酯酶基因显著上调,推测为编码催化鞣花酸生成尿石素A通路中的关键酶。本研究结果为尿石素A的发酵制备以及揭示菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的关键酶基因提供一定的研究基础。

, authors=张格文1, 钱亮亮2, 周文梅3, 宫艳艳3, 陈涛4, 刘莹呤1, 房耀维1, 刘姝1, *, authorsList=张格文, 钱亮亮, 周文梅, 宫艳艳, 陈涛, 刘莹呤, 房耀维, 刘姝, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘姝, authorNote=

张格文(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘姝(1975−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MuwNH++jHlsrxQ1MKEdQhg==, magXml=Fl1d4vSt/6tSNPRx+YIJGQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QiQgDNufvApqwTSftnk9Rw==, pdfFileSize=7249707, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mfe1UTj0ptWH8jVFPvGg1g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=in7fNK7zGjpMyqZiGQAnWg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882162958713452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=w17805031961@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882163227148910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, authorId=1320882162958713452, language=EN, stringName=Gewen ZHANG, firstName=Gewen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320882166607757935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, authorId=1320882162958713452, language=CN, stringName=张格文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏连云港 222005, bio={"content":"

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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023, 63(24): 6900−6922., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882162207933023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162216321632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162207933023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162224710241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162207933023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏连云港 222005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882162568643170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162585420387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162568643170, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Lianyungang Quality and Technology Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Lianyungang 222005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162593808996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162568643170, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2连云港市质量技术综合检验检测中心,江苏连云港 222005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882162698666597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162799329894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162698666597, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Lianyungang Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Lianyungang 222005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162807718503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162698666597, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3连云港市食品药品检验检测中心,江苏连云港 222005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882162874827368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162879021673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162874827368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Suqian Product Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Suqian 223814, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882162887410282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, companyId=1320882162874827368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4宿迁市产品质量监督检验所,江苏宿迁 223814)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882174908285597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of different nutrients on the conversion of ellagic acid to urolithin A by L. fermentum FUA033, figureFileSmall=Kf4L6TQ2dlawCWUp4znrbw==, figureFileBig=mfe1UTj0ptWH8jVFPvGg1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175013143198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同营养元素对L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的影响

注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Kf4L6TQ2dlawCWUp4znrbw==, figureFileBig=mfe1UTj0ptWH8jVFPvGg1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175248024223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Contour lines and response surface for the interaction effects of various factors on the conversion rate of urolithine A, figureFileSmall=Dq05dS69YnI8Y9uQ2tkVgw==, figureFileBig=49cAx3ckmQC7DtdDVu3Utg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175348687520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各因素交互作用对尿石素A转化率影响的等高线和响应面图, figureFileSmall=Dq05dS69YnI8Y9uQ2tkVgw==, figureFileBig=49cAx3ckmQC7DtdDVu3Utg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175428379297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Volcano map of L. fermentum FUA033 differentially expressed gene, figureFileSmall=x0Z98oYlqGJUy5AifMCFTw==, figureFileBig=90L9rJ0fP8XfS8vNhvDSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175529042594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=图3, caption=L. fermentum FUA033差异表达基因火山图

注:EX代表添加鞣花酸发酵的实验组;C代表不添加鞣花酸发酵的对照组。

, figureFileSmall=x0Z98oYlqGJUy5AifMCFTw==, figureFileBig=90L9rJ0fP8XfS8vNhvDSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175621317283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Bubble diagram of GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed gene, figureFileSmall=SFe0dUScJkRdan/ytLUezw==, figureFileBig=JorJft1R3NEG6AvC+4LDtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175822643876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=图4, caption=差异表达基因GO富集分析气泡图

注:横坐标为注释到该功能的基因与差异基因总数比值,纵坐标为GO Term,散点图以不同颜色,点的大小来展示,颜色从紫色到红色呈渐变色,颜色越红,富集越显著;点越大,富集上的基因越多。

, figureFileSmall=SFe0dUScJkRdan/ytLUezw==, figureFileBig=JorJft1R3NEG6AvC+4LDtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175910724261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, figureFileSmall=ZERadECwIXoz9uiM3AnoBg==, figureFileBig=4liAqPbjc0GmiNxKay9tuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882175986221734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=图5, caption=差异表达基因KEGG富集分析

注:横坐标为注释到KEGG通路上的差异基因数与差异基因总数的比值,纵坐标为KEGG通路,散点图以不同颜色,点的大小来展示,颜色从紫色到红色呈渐变趋势,颜色越红,富集越显著,点越大,富集上的基因越多。

, figureFileSmall=ZERadECwIXoz9uiM3AnoBg==, figureFileBig=4liAqPbjc0GmiNxKay9tuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882176082690727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
微量元素(%)甲基紫精(mmol/L)维生素(%)
−10.10.10.15
00.150.150.2
10.20.20.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882176279823016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
微量元素(%)甲基紫精(mmol/L)维生素(%)
−10.10.10.15
00.150.150.2
10.20.20.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882176367903401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental design and results of response surface methodology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A微量元素B甲基紫精C维生素转化率(%)
111068.98
200075.02
3−10−164.81
400075.16
5−10166.15
6−11064.26
71−1067.13
810170.19
901−170.36
1001170.58
1100074.67
1200075.13
1310−169.49
140−1−168.14
150−1168.87
16−1−1062.62
1700074.81
), ArticleFig(id=1320882176460178090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A微量元素B甲基紫精C维生素转化率(%)
111068.98
200075.02
3−10−164.81
400075.16
5−10166.15
6−11064.26
71−1067.13
810170.19
901−170.36
1001170.58
1100074.67
1200075.13
1310−169.49
140−1−168.14
150−1168.87
16−1−1062.62
1700074.81
), ArticleFig(id=1320882176527286955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance analysis of regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型265.88929.54538.09<0.0001**
A40.28140.28733.60<0.0001**
B6.8816.88125.35<0.0001**
C1.1211.1220.360.0028**
AB0.011010.01100.20080.6676
AC0.102410.10241.870.2143
BC0.065010.06501.180.3125
A2128.251128.252336.03<0.0001**
B257.38157.381045.12<0.0001**
C213.33113.33242.72<0.0001**
残差0.384370.0549
失拟项0.205230.06841.530.3370不显著
纯误差0.179140.0448
总和266.2616
), ArticleFig(id=1320882176724419244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归模型的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型265.88929.54538.09<0.0001**
A40.28140.28733.60<0.0001**
B6.8816.88125.35<0.0001**
C1.1211.1220.360.0028**
AB0.011010.01100.20080.6676
AC0.102410.10241.870.2143
BC0.065010.06501.180.3125
A2128.251128.252336.03<0.0001**
B257.38157.381045.12<0.0001**
C213.33113.33242.72<0.0001**
残差0.384370.0549
失拟项0.205230.06841.530.3370不显著
纯误差0.179140.0448
总和266.2616
), ArticleFig(id=1320882178339226285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

GO statistical tables by category

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别功能描述GO ID(Level2)EX vs C Up mRNAEX vs C down mRNA
分子功能
(Molecular Function)
主动跨膜转运蛋白活性(active transmembrane transporter activity)GO:002280431
ATP酶活性,偶联(ATPase activity, coupled)GO:004262322
氧化还原酶活性(oxidoreductase activity)GO:0016491410
跨膜转运蛋白活性(transmembrane transporter activity)GO:002285794
转运蛋白活性(transporter activity)GO:0005215104
无机分子实体跨膜转运蛋白活性
(inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity)
GO:001531870
离子跨膜转运体活性(ion transmembrane transporter activity)GO:001507580
阳离子跨膜转运体活性(cation transmembrane transporter activity)GO:000832470
无机阳离子跨膜转运体活性(inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity)GO:002289060
单价无机阳离子跨膜转运体活性
(monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity)
GO:001507750
细胞组分
(Cellular component)
细胞质(cytoplasm)GO:000573722
膜的固有成分(intrinsic component of membrane)GO:003122426
膜的整体成分(integral component of membrane)GO:001602126
细胞内(intracellular)GO:000562253
细胞内部分(intracellular part)GO:004442453
含蛋白质的复合物(protein-containing complex)GO:003299152
细胞部分(cell part)GO:004446455
细胞(cell)GO:000562355
膜部分(membrane part)GO:004442566
膜(membrane)GO:00160201111
生物过程
(Biological
process)
嘌呤核苷三磷酸生物合成过程(purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process)GO:000914550
核苷三磷酸生物合成过程(nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process)GO:000914250
ATP生物合成过程(ATP biosynthetic process)GO:000675450
离子转运(ion transport)GO:0006811100
阳离子转运(cation transport)GO:000681290
离子跨膜转运(ion transmembrane transport)GO:003422060
无机阳离子跨膜转运(inorganic cation transmembrane transport)GO:009866260
无机离子跨膜转运(inorganic ion transmembrane transport)GO:009866060
阳离子跨膜转运(cation transmembrane transport)GO:009865560
单价无机阳离子转运(monovalent inorganic cation transport)GO:001567270
), ArticleFig(id=1320882178431500974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

GO分类统计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别功能描述GO ID(Level2)EX vs C Up mRNAEX vs C down mRNA
分子功能
(Molecular Function)
主动跨膜转运蛋白活性(active transmembrane transporter activity)GO:002280431
ATP酶活性,偶联(ATPase activity, coupled)GO:004262322
氧化还原酶活性(oxidoreductase activity)GO:0016491410
跨膜转运蛋白活性(transmembrane transporter activity)GO:002285794
转运蛋白活性(transporter activity)GO:0005215104
无机分子实体跨膜转运蛋白活性
(inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity)
GO:001531870
离子跨膜转运体活性(ion transmembrane transporter activity)GO:001507580
阳离子跨膜转运体活性(cation transmembrane transporter activity)GO:000832470
无机阳离子跨膜转运体活性(inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity)GO:002289060
单价无机阳离子跨膜转运体活性
(monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity)
GO:001507750
细胞组分
(Cellular component)
细胞质(cytoplasm)GO:000573722
膜的固有成分(intrinsic component of membrane)GO:003122426
膜的整体成分(integral component of membrane)GO:001602126
细胞内(intracellular)GO:000562253
细胞内部分(intracellular part)GO:004442453
含蛋白质的复合物(protein-containing complex)GO:003299152
细胞部分(cell part)GO:004446455
细胞(cell)GO:000562355
膜部分(membrane part)GO:004442566
膜(membrane)GO:00160201111
生物过程
(Biological
process)
嘌呤核苷三磷酸生物合成过程(purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process)GO:000914550
核苷三磷酸生物合成过程(nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process)GO:000914250
ATP生物合成过程(ATP biosynthetic process)GO:000675450
离子转运(ion transport)GO:0006811100
阳离子转运(cation transport)GO:000681290
离子跨膜转运(ion transmembrane transport)GO:003422060
无机阳离子跨膜转运(inorganic cation transmembrane transport)GO:009866260
无机离子跨膜转运(inorganic ion transmembrane transport)GO:009866060
阳离子跨膜转运(cation transmembrane transport)GO:009865560
单价无机阳离子转运(monovalent inorganic cation transport)GO:001567270
), ArticleFig(id=1320882178511192751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of KEGG enrichment for differentially expressed genes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能描述P valueP adj基因名总数上调基因数上调基因数
氧化磷酸化0.0003191550.013085347atpA660
代谢通路0.2997137110.87773301−371720
次级代谢产
物生物合成
0.1758984840.721183786−20713
), ArticleFig(id=1320882178595078832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

差异表达基因KEGG富集分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能描述P valueP adj基因名总数上调基因数上调基因数
氧化磷酸化0.0003191550.013085347atpA660
代谢通路0.2997137110.87773301−371720
次级代谢产
物生物合成
0.1758984840.721183786−20713
), ArticleFig(id=1320882178657993393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Differential expression profiles of lactonase-encoding genes in L. fermentum FUA033 following ellagic acid supplementation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene_idEXC
Q3V38_RS01645122103
Q3V38_RS07670219105
), ArticleFig(id=1320882178716713650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882158525334098, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

添加鞣花酸后L. fermentum FUA033与内酯酶有关的显著差异基因表达情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene_idEXC
Q3V38_RS01645122103
Q3V38_RS07670219105
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Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基优化及转录组学分析
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张格文 1 , 钱亮亮 2 , 周文梅 3 , 宫艳艳 3 , 陈涛 4 , 刘莹呤 1 , 房耀维 1 , 刘姝 1, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(1): 197-205
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (1) : 197 -205
Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基优化及转录组学分析
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张格文(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

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张格文(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

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张格文1 , 钱亮亮2, 周文梅3, 宫艳艳3, 陈涛4, 刘莹呤1, 房耀维1, 刘姝1, *
作者信息
  • 1江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏连云港 222005
  • 2连云港市质量技术综合检验检测中心,江苏连云港 222005
  • 3连云港市食品药品检验检测中心,江苏连云港 222005
  • 4宿迁市产品质量监督检验所,江苏宿迁 223814
通讯作者:
刘姝(1975−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张格文(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

Optimization of Medium and Transcriptomic Analysis for Converting Ellagic Acid to Urolithin A by Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033
Gewen ZHANG1 , Liangliang QIAN2, Wenmei ZHOU3, Yanyan GONG3, Tao CHEN4, Yingling LIU1, Yaowei FANG1, Shu LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 2Lianyungang Quality and Technology Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 3Lianyungang Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 4Suqian Product Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Suqian 223814, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024110318
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本研究旨在优化Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基,提高转化率,初步探索菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素的分子机制。通过单因素和响应面法对L. fermentum FUA033(发酵粘液乳杆菌 FUA033)转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基进行优化。采用转录组测序技术对添加鞣花酸前后菌株进行分析,推测菌株发酵转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的分子机制。结果表明,优化获得L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的最佳培养基配方为:厌氧菌肉汤(Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth,WAM)培养基添加微量元素溶液0.16%、甲基紫精0.16 mmol/L、维生素溶液0.21%。在最佳培养基条件下,转化率为74.91%,较优化前提高了20.83%。培养基中添加鞣花酸后,显著上调和下调基因分别为64个和123个。GO富集分析显示差异基因富集于转运蛋白活性、膜、离子转运等功能。KEGG通路富集分析表明氧化磷酸化差异显著(P<0.05),代谢通路和次级代谢产物生物合成的功能基因富集程度大。另外,两个内酯酶基因显著上调,推测为编码催化鞣花酸生成尿石素A通路中的关键酶。本研究结果为尿石素A的发酵制备以及揭示菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的关键酶基因提供一定的研究基础。

Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033  /  鞣花酸  /  尿石素A  /  发酵优化  /  转录组分析

This study aimed to establish a systematic framework for enhancing the bioconversion efficiency of ellagic acid to urolithin A by Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033 through rational medium engineering, while deciphering the molecular orchestration underlying this metabolic process. Single factor and response surface methodology were used to optimize the culture medium. Transcriptome sequencing technology was utilized to analyze L. fermentum FUA033 before and after ellagic acid supplementation in media, and predict the molecular mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of ellagic acid into urolithin A. The optimized medium was determined to be Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth (WAM) supplemented with 0.16% trace element solution, 0.16 mmol/L methyl viologen, and 0.21% vitamin solution. The optimization resulted in biotransformation rate of 74.91%, 20.83% improved as compared to the unoptimized condition. Following the addition of ellagic acid, 64 significantly up-regulated genes, and 123 differentially down-regulated genes. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in molecular functions including transporter activity, membrane, and ion transport. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated significant alterations in oxidative phosphorylation (P<0.05), with substantial enrichment of functional genes related to metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Notably, two lactonase-encoding genes exhibited significant upregulation, strongly suggesting their catalytic role in hydrolyzing ellagic acid's lactone rings to generate the urolithin A precursor. These findings establish a mechanistic foundation for microbial biosynthesis of urolithin A through fermentation, while systematically delineating the enzymatic determinants governing the bacterial-mediated biotransformation of ellagic acid into urolithin A.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033  /  ellagic acid  /  urolithin A  /  fermentation optimization  /  transcriptome analysis
张格文, 钱亮亮, 周文梅, 宫艳艳, 陈涛, 刘莹呤, 房耀维, 刘姝. Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基优化及转录组学分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 197 -205 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024110318
Gewen ZHANG, Liangliang QIAN, Wenmei ZHOU, Yanyan GONG, Tao CHEN, Yingling LIU, Yaowei FANG, Shu LIU. Optimization of Medium and Transcriptomic Analysis for Converting Ellagic Acid to Urolithin A by Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA033[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 197 -205 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024110318
鞣花酸是一种多酚类化合物,广泛存在于石榴、草莓、核桃、板栗等水果和坚果中,其水溶性较低,导致其难以被吸收利用[1−2]。鞣花酸经人体肠道微生物转化为尿石素,特别是具有延缓衰老、缓解肌肉衰退、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗神经退行性疾病的尿石素A,营养功效显著提升[3]。但是,人肠道菌群的个体差异导致转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的能力存在显著差异,在40岁以上人群中仅有约40%的人肠道菌群转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A,并且随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势[4−5]。因此,2018年美国食品药品监督管理局批准尿石素A作为营养补充剂。化学合成的尿石素A的营养增强剂产品受到消费者的青睐。
尿石素的化学合成易引起环境污染,如果能筛选获得体外发酵转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的安全菌株,则可以利用微生物发酵法绿色环保地制备尿石素A,或者利用菌株发酵富含鞣花酸的食品,通过制备富含尿石素A和益生菌的功能性发酵食品,使人们在日常饮食中摄入尿石素和益生菌,从而有助于延缓肌肉衰退并提升整体健康水平[6]。但是,目前报道的转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的菌株较少,主要有Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum INIA P815[7]、Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1286[8]、L. plantarum CCFM1290[8]、L. plantarum CCFM1291[8]、Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens[9]以及本研究团队发现的Streptococcus thermophilus FUA329[10]、Enterococcus faecium FUA027[11]、Lactococcus garvieae FUA009[12]、L. fermentum FUA033[13]。上述菌株存在转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A效率较低的问题。L. fermentum FUA033的转化效率相对较高,但仍未达到理想的转化效果。另外,菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的分子机制尚不明确。
培养基对微生物的生长和底物转化有显著影响,通过优化碳源和氮源等培养基成分,优化后比初始培养基生物量提高了89.1%[14]。刘书彤等[15]经过调整葡萄糖和硫酸铵浓度并添加微量元素五水合硫酸铜后,L-苹果酸的产量提升了约3.44倍。另外,阐明底物转化分子机制,可为通过合成生物学合成目的产物奠定基础。转录组测序和生物信息学分析技术的快速发展,为揭示微生物底物转化的分子机制提供了高效的工具。使用转录组测序和生物信息学分析技术,揭示了变异链球菌在酸性环境中如何通过SpR19和GroEL调节机制适应环境变化[16]。枯草芽孢杆菌通过多种途径来还原亚硒酸盐,促进了亚硒酸盐的生物转化。通过转录组分析,能够深入分析细菌在亚硒酸盐处理下的基因表达变化,这些基因的上调表明亚硒酸盐处理激活了细胞内的应激响应,从而促进亚硒酸盐的转化和降解[17]。
本研究对L. fermentum FUA033的发酵培养基进行优化,并通过转录组测序分析添加鞣花酸前后基因表达的差异,推测L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的分子机制,以期为利用发酵法制备尿石素A提供一定的理论指导。
L. fermentum FUA033 本研究室分离,保存于中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CGMCC NO. 28447);鞣花酸标准品(含量≥95%)、尿石素A标准品(含量≥97%) 美国Sigma-Aldrich 公司;乙酸乙酯、厌氧菌肉汤(Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Broth,WAM) 上海吉至生化科技有限公司;微量元素溶液(1000×SL-10 Trace Elements Solution)、维生素溶液(Wolfe's Vitamin Solution) 北京酷来搏科技有限公司;复方氨基酸注射液(Compound Amino Acid Injection 14AA-SF) 湖北一半天制药有限公司;甲酸、乙腈(分析纯) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
A20厌氧工作站 英国 Don Whitley Scientific;Agilent1200高效液相色谱仪 美国安捷伦科技公司;Multifuge X 3R台式高速冷冻离心机 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;S210数字pH计 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司;LDZX-50L立式高压蒸汽灭菌锅 上海申安医疗器械厂;SW-CJ-1FD超净工作台 苏州市华宇净化设备有限公司;GRX-9203A微生物恒温培养箱 上海福玛实验设备有限公司。
将−80 ℃甘油保藏的L. fermentum FUA033在WAM固体培养基上三区划线,37 ℃静置厌氧培养48 h,挑取单菌落接种于WAM液体培养基(厌氧菌肉汤),37 ℃静置厌氧培养72 h作为种子液。
在WAM液体培养基的基础上,发酵培养基初始pH为7.0,发酵温度为37 ℃、发酵时间为48 h、菌株FUA033接种量2%的情况下,探究微量元素添加量(V/V)为0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%、0.3%、0.35%对尿石素A转化率的影响。
在WAM液体培养基的基础上,发酵培养基初始pH为7.0,发酵温度为37 ℃、发酵时间为48 h、菌株FUA033接种量2%的情况下,探究甲基紫精为0、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.3、0.35 mmol/L对尿石素A转化率的影响。
在WAM液体培养基的基础上,发酵培养基初始pH为7.0,发酵温度为37 ℃、发酵时间为48 h、菌株FUA033接种量2%的情况下,探究维生素添加量(V/V)为0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%、0.3%、0.35%对尿石素A转化率的影响。
在WAM液体培养基的基础上,发酵培养基初始pH为7.0,发酵温度为37 ℃、发酵时间为48 h、菌株FUA033接种量2%的情况下,探究氨基酸添加量(V/V)为0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%、0.3%、0.35%对尿石素A转化率的影响。
在WAM液体培养基的基础上,发酵培养基初始pH为7.0,发酵温度为37 ℃、发酵时间为48 h、菌株FUA033接种量2%的情况下,探究富氢水添加量(V/V)为0%、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%对尿石素A转化率的影响。
根据Box-Benhnken试验设计,以鞣花酸生成尿石素A的转化率为指标,采用响应面法对影响L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A转化效率显著的微量元素溶液、甲基紫精溶液和维生素溶液添加量进行优化,设计水平见表1。
以菌株接种量2%(V/V)接种菌株FUA033至终浓度为15 μmol/L 鞣花酸的WAM液体培养基,37 ℃,厌氧培养48 h。将10 mL发酵液用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取,用1.5%甲酸酸化后,分离上层有机相并旋转蒸发,使用1 mL有机溶剂(乙腈:水:甲酸=80:19.9:0.1,V:V:V)回溶,用0.22 μmol/L针头式过滤器过滤,打进样瓶[18]。
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析L. fermentum FUA033发酵前后的样品,测定尿石素A含量。使用乙腈(色谱纯,A相)和1%甲酸的水溶液(B相)作为流动相,通过梯度洗脱方式在Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱上进行分离。进样体积为5 μL,流速为1 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,检测波长为305 nm。梯度洗脱程序为:0~15 min,0~20%乙腈;15~20 min,20%~70%乙腈;20~21 min,70%~95%乙腈;21~24 min,95%~100%乙腈;24~25 min,100%~20%乙腈[19]。
以不同浓度梯度尿石素A为横坐标,HPLC测定峰面积为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,获得曲线拟合回归方程y=5.92632x+2.13943,R2=0.99967。
$\begin{aligned}\\[-8pt]{\eta }=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{U}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}-\mathrm{A}}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{E}\mathrm{A}}}\times 100 \end{aligned}$
式中:η为转化率(%),CUro-A为尿石素A浓度(μmol/L),CEA为鞣花酸初始浓度(μmol/L)。
将L. fermentum FUA033分别接种到添加和不添加鞣花酸的WAM液体培养基中,37 ℃静置厌氧培养48 h。吸取10 mL菌液至离心管,4 ℃、10000×g离心10 min。弃上清,将菌体沉淀迅速置于液氮中冷冻1 h,转移至−80 ℃保存,在北京诺禾致源生物科技有限公司进行转录组测序。
使用fastp对获得的转录组原始测序数据进行质控处理并计算Q20、Q30和GC含量。通过Bowtie 2将经过质量控制和过滤处理后得到的高质量测序读段比对到参考基因组上,使用HTSeq统计各基因的测序数据中对应的测序读段的数量,计算基因表达值以校正测序深度和基因长度差异[20]。采用DESeq2进行差异表达分析,通过比较基因表达的变化,可以推测这些基因的生物学过程或机制。使用GOseq R包软件对差异基因集进行GO(Gene Ontology)功能富集分析,使用KOBAS软件进行KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)通路富集分析。
每个实验设置三次平行,通过Excel 2010整理数据。使用IBMSPSS Statistics 27.0软件,采用Duncan法进行分析(P<0.05作为显著性差异的判断标准)。使用Origin软件绘图。采用Design-Expert 13.0分析响应面试验数据,数据结果均用平均值±标准误差表示。使用DESeq 2用于转录组测序数据的差异表达统计分析,准确检测基因在不同条件下的表达差异。
当微量元素添加量为0.15%时,菌株转化率效果最佳,显著高于其他浓度(P<0.05),达到63.76%(图1A)。微量元素在调节细胞代谢中起着关键作用[21]。微量元素可以作为酶的辅因子、激活剂或抑制剂,其浓度的不同显著提高或降低酶活性,从而影响微生物代谢。如Fe2+、Zn2+、Cu2+是内酯酶、脱羟基酶的辅因子,影响细胞呼吸和能量代谢过程[22]。Mn2+作为酶的辅助因子,可以显著提高Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5的发酵效率和发酵乳质量[23−24]。
甲基紫精添加量对L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A转化率具有显著影响(P<0.05)。甲基紫精浓度为0.15 mmol/L,转化率最高,达到63.34%(图1B)。甲基紫精能够增强电子传递效率,促进酶催化的还原反应,提高尿石素A的转化率。研究表明添加甲基紫精显著促进菌株G. urolithinfaciens DSM 27213产生尿石素[25]。然而,由于甲基紫精的强氧化性,过高的甲基紫精浓度对菌株产生抑制作用,导致代谢效率下降[26]。
维生素添加量对L. fermentum FUA033尿石素A转化率具有显著影响(P<0.05)。当添加量为0.20%时,转化率最高,达到61.47%(图1C)。维生素C作为酶促反应的关键辅助因子,通过增强糖酵解途径中己糖激酶、磷酸果糖激酶等关键酶的活性,提高Lactobacillus thermophilus A69的代谢效率和糖类利用率[27]。另外,维生素C的抗氧化作用降低细胞内的活性氧水平,从而加速发酵过程[27]。通过补充维生素B12有助于延长Levilactobacillus brevis KU15152寿命并降低死亡率[28]。适当补充维生素不仅加速发酵,还可以通过调节细胞内的抗氧化机制,维持菌株活力,进而提高发酵稳定性,但是,高浓度的维生素抑制细菌的生长繁殖,从而降低转化效率[29]。
氨基酸添加量的变化对L. fermentum FUA033尿石素A转化率有一定影响。添加量为0.1%时,转化率最高,达到59.83%(图1D)。氨基酸在乳酸菌催化橄榄苦苷转化过程中提供氮源、增强β-葡萄糖苷酶与酯酶的活性、调控代谢途径,并维持适宜的pH,最终促进羟基酪醇的生成,提高生物转化效率[30]。低浓度的复合氨基酸,为乳酸菌提供氮源,提高鞣花酸转化效率,高浓度的氨基酸及其代谢产物对酶产生反馈抑制,影响尿石素A的合成。
富氢水对L. fermentum FUA033尿石素A转化率影响较小,当添加量为1.5%时,转化率为58.71%(图1E)。氢气具有还原性,在细菌的代谢过程中与氧化态的底物反应,提供电子,从而促进还原反应。因此,添加富氢水可增强还原反应的发生[31]。梭菌在厌氧环境中通过发酵糖类生成氢气,利用氢分子作为电子供体,有效促进了细胞的生长和代谢,提升发酵效率[32]。氢气在培养基中的溶解量有限,导致其促进效果受限[33]。
根据上述结果,微量元素、维生素和甲基紫精对菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的影响更显著,因此,后续对三者进行响应面优化研究。
根据单因素实验结果,筛选出对L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A影响较显著的微量元素溶液添加量、维生素溶液添加量和甲基紫精溶液添加量作为响应面因素。以转化率为响应值,采用三因素三水平法对培养基添加比例进行优化(表2)。
对响应面结果进行多元二次回归拟合,建立了转化率的回归方程Y=74.96+2.24A+0.9275B+0.3738C+0.0525AB−0.1600AC−0.1275BC−5.52A2−3.69B2−1.78C2,模型拟合的决定系数(R)和校正决定系数(R值)分别为0.9986和0.9967,C.V.%为0.3358,远小于10,表明该实验的可信度和精确度较高(表3)。模型的P值小于0.01,具有极显著性,失拟项P值为0.3370,大于0.05,不显著。微量元素、甲基紫精与维生素对尿石素A转化率影响极显著(P<0.01),各因素的二次项对尿石素A转化率的影响皆极显著(P<0.01)。
图2为微量元素、甲基紫精、维生素交互作用对尿石素A转化率的影响,曲线陡峭程度反映了营养元素对于尿石素A转化率的影响。等高线呈椭圆形状表明自变量之间交互作用显著;而当等高线呈圆形时,则表明自变量之间的交互作用对响应变量影响不显著。如图2所示,三种因素两两之间交互作用不显著。通过Design Expert 13.0软件对回归模型方程求解得到的优化工艺条件为:微量元素溶液添加0.160%、甲基紫精添加0.156 mmol/L、维生素溶液添加0.205%,产尿石素A的预测值为75.261%。考虑实际情况,调整最佳发酵条件为微量元素溶液添加0.16%、甲基紫精添加0.16 mmol/L、维生素溶液添加0.21%。为检验模型的可靠性,在此最优发酵培养基条件下,进行3次平行实验。所测得的尿石素A转化率为74.91%±0.42%,与模型预测值接近,表明优化的发酵培养基参数准确可靠。
目前,L. plantarum CCFM1291被接种于含有鞣花单宁的石榴汁中,发酵液中尿石素A的转化率达到了10.73%[34]。相比于L. plantarum CCFM1291,菌株FUA033的转化率高64.18%。S. thermophilus FUA329在发酵50 h时尿石素A的转化率达到82%[10]。尽管L. fermentum FUA033转化率(74.91%)略低于S. thermophilus FUA329,但L. fermentum FUA033具有较好的安全性和益生性,更具备开发为新一代益生菌的潜力。
对L. fermentum FUA033测序后的数据进行统计分析,该菌有16451175条reads,Q20值为98.07%,Q30值为94.27%,Clean Data值为97.68%。大多数的碱基序列Q值在20~30范围内,表明测序准确性较高,碱基的质量良好。
为了揭示L. fermentum FUA033转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的关键酶编码基因,阐明其分子机制,对添加鞣花酸前后的菌株的转录组进行测序分析。根据P<0.05与|log2FC|>0筛选菌株是否添加鞣花酸的差异表达基因。结果如图3所示,红点表示上调基因,绿点表示下调基因,蓝点表示非显著差异基因,点越靠近图左上角或者右上角表示基因的下调或上调越显著。添加与不添加鞣花酸的L. fermentum FUA033共有187个差异表达基因。其中,显著上调基因64个,显著下调基因123个,非显著差异基因1895个。表明添加鞣花酸后,L. fermentum FUA033的代谢过程发生变化,体现在基因表达发生了显著变化。
以分子功能、生物过程和细胞组分3个层面为基础进行GO分类,挑选最显著富集的30个Go term进行分析,每个层面各选取10个Go term。如表4和图4所示,在分子功能分类中,涉及到转运蛋白活性(transporter activity)、氧化还原酶活性(oxidoreductase activity)这2条通路中的基因最多,说明可能在物质转运、能量代谢和抗氧化应激方面需求增加,反映出细胞可能处于高代谢活动状态。在细胞组分中,富集在膜(membrane)中的基因数目最多,这表明这些基因可能影响跨膜运输、信号传递或细胞与环境相互作用方面。在生物过程分类中,富集到最显著的差异表达基因与离子转运(ion transport)有关,含有10个差异表达基因;这表明这些基因可能影响调节离子平衡、信号传递或应对环境变化方面。
通过对KEGG富集到的信息进行筛选及分析,选择富集结果top20的通路,结果如表5和图5所示,氧化磷酸化(Oxidative phosphorylation)的KEGG Pathway功能基因存在显著(P<0.05)富集,氧化磷酸化共注释到6个基因。氧化磷酸化是细胞产生能量的关键途径,能够通过电子传递链将NADH和FADH2转化为ATP[35]。通过转录组测序技术分析了乙酸菌(主要是Komagataeibacter europaeus)高酸发酵阶段氧化磷酸化(Oxidative phosphorylation)途径的相关基因上调情况,这些基因的上调可能是为了满足细胞在高酸压力下的能量需求,帮助菌体更好地应对胁迫条件[36]。如图5所示,代谢通路(Metabolic pathways)和次级代谢产物生物合成(Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites transporters)的KEGG Pathway功能基因富集程度大。代谢通路共注释到37个基因,次级代谢产物生物合成共注释到20个基因(表5)。表明差异表达基因主要参与生物分子的合成与细胞代谢调控过程。
如表5所示,在KEGG富集分析的结果中,与对照组相比,添加鞣花酸组参与氧化磷酸化通路的相关基因显著上调。氧化磷酸化通路中的atpA基因表达上调,该基因编码的亚基在ATP合成过程中直接参与质子流动和旋转催化反应,从而保证ATP合成酶的高效运作,显著提升ATP合成量,维持能量平衡,确保细胞完成生理和代谢活动[37]。
如表6所示,添加鞣花酸后,L. fermentum FUA033的2个内酯酶基因Q3V38_RS01645和Q3V38_RS07670的基因表达值从103和105分别增至122和219,表明添加鞣花酸后,2个内酯酶基因的表达量显著上调,推测为编码该菌株转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的关键酶。内酯酶催化鞣花酸酯键断裂,进一步经脱羧反应和脱羟反应,生成尿石素A[38]。在后续的研究中,可以通过基因的敲除、回补、过表达,结合发酵实验进一步确定。
本研究通过优化L. fermentum FUA033 转化鞣花酸生成尿石素A的培养基,获得了最佳发酵培养基。在最佳培养基条件中,鞣花酸转化为尿石素A的转化率达到74.91%,比优化前提高了20.83%。经转录组学分析,添加鞣花酸前后L. fermentum FUA033有187个差异表达基因。GO富集分析结果表明,差异表达基因主要富集在与转运蛋白活性、膜以及离子转运相关的生物学功能。KEGG通路富集分析表明氧化磷酸化的功能基因存在显著富集,表明其在菌株的能量代谢中发挥关键作用。添加鞣花酸后,L. fermentum FUA033的2个内酯酶基因的基因表达值显著增加。本研究为尿石素A的绿色微生物发酵技术开发奠定了重要理论基础,系统解析了FUA033菌株通过酶促级联反应将鞣花酸定向转化为尿石素A的关键分子机制。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024110318
  • 接收时间:2024-11-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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    1江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏连云港 222005
    2连云港市质量技术综合检验检测中心,江苏连云港 222005
    3连云港市食品药品检验检测中心,江苏连云港 222005
    4宿迁市产品质量监督检验所,江苏宿迁 223814

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刘姝(1975−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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