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Outline
To investigate the mechanisms of mercury accumulation, speciation transformation and metabolic depuration in Magallana gigas, clarify the kinetics of methylmercury formation and elimination.
A two-compartment kinetic model was employed to simulate the accumulation, transformation, and depuration processes of mercury in Magallana gigas. Label-free quantitative proteomics technology combined with MaxQuant software was used to identify and analyze differentially expressed proteins in the digestive gland of oysters from the high-concentration mercury exposure group (Hg-H). Analyses included subcellular localization prediction, domain prediction, gene ontology (GO) Functional enrichment analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) Database Pathway enrichment analysis. The expression dynamics of metallothionein (MT) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) genes in the digestive gland over 0–60 d were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
The results of mercury accumulation and depuration experiments indicated that the content of mercury and methylmercury in the digestive gland of oysters were positively proportional to the stress concentration, and a lag effect occurred in the peak content of methylmercury. qPCR results showed temporally coordinated changes in Hsp70 and MT gene expression: Hsp70 was rapidly up-regulated (7.15-fold) on 5 d of stress and peaked (32.09-fold) on 40 d of depuration; MT expression showed a bimodal pattern (5.81-fold on 10 d of stress and 3.55-fold on 40 d of depuration), consistent with proteomic findings. Proteomic analysis identified 5487 proteins, and differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in subcellular locations such as the nucleus, extracellular region, and plasma membrane, and were associated with domains including heat shock proteins (Hsp20/Hsp70), C-type lectins, catalase, and C1q. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these proteins were primarily involved in biological processes such as stress response, immune response, antioxidant processes, amino acid metabolism and signal transduction (e.g., PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways). The arachidonic acid metabolism pathway might be closely associated with mercury elimination.
Mercury stress significantly alters the protein expression profile in oyster digestive glands, triggering a coordinated response involving molecular chaperones, immune factors, and metabolic enzymes, which is closely related to the accumulation, transformation, and elimination of mercury/methylmercury. Through integrated analysis of proteomics, qPCR, as well as mercury bioaccumulation and depuration processes, this study systematically elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which oysters cope with mercury stress, providing a theoretical foundation for toxicological studies on shellfish contamination and safety surveillance of aquatic products.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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