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Outline
As food safety regulations tighten, food producers require faster, more efficient and more accurate detection methods. Conventional culture techniques are time-consuming and cannot detect non-culturable or slow-growing microorganisms, limiting their utility for real-time monitoring. The breakthroughs in molecular biology techniques have provided various solutions. However, the current technical system generally faces a core contradiction where it is difficult to balance sensitivity, speed and convenience. That is, high-sensitivity techniques rely on complex equipment, while rapid detection techniques, to some extent, reduce specificity. This study focused on mainstream molecular detection technologies in recent years. It systematically compared and comprehensively analyzed these technologies in terms of detection principles, performance parameters, cost compositions and applicable scenarios,and clarified the comprehensive performance positioning and application scope of each technology. On this basis, this study further explored the pathways through which multi-technology combination strategies broke through the limitations of single technologies. It also investigated the potential of cutting-edge directions, including amplification-free direct detection, artificial intelligence-assisted analysis and full-process integrated systems, to narrow the trade-off range among the three key attributes. Finally, this study forecasted the future development trends of microbial detection based on current technological progress. The findings aims to provide a systematic reference for the selection of microbial detection methods and technological upgrading in food ingredients and other broader fields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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