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Outline
Owing to their dual nature as both food and medicine, coupled with long-term daily consumption, the safety risks caused by mycotoxin contamination in medicinal and food homologous substances become increasingly prominent. Mycotoxins exhibit strong toxicity and bioaccumulation potential, thereby pose severe threats to human health. Therefore, accurate and rapid screening of multiple mycotoxins has become critical for ensuring the quality and safety of such products and conducting effective risk monitoring. This review systematically summarized the contamination profiles of major mycotoxins in medicinal and food homologous substances in the past 5 years, analyzed the matrix characteristics of different categories, and focused on the progress of sample pretreatment techniques,optimization strategies for various matrices, and the application of novel purification materials, as well as the key challenges in this field. It systematically analyzed the technical advances and selection strategies of detection techniques,and evaluated the performance and limitations of existing typical methods. Finally, it proposed future directions,including the development of universal pretreatment approaches, the challenges of coupling high-resolution mass spectrometry for broad-spectrum simultaneous screening, and the improvement of relevant standard systems, to provide a reference for the standardization and innovation of mycotoxin detection methods.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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