Full
Outline
To explore the nutritional characteristics and texture characteristics of 3 kinds of short-age Lentinula edodes, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation.
The 3 kinds of short varieties of Lentinula edodes cultivated in the same formula and batch, X2, F6 and Q2 were selected as experiments materials.The nutritional components, mineral elements, amino acids and texture were measured respectively. Then the quality was evaluated by the correlation and principal component analysis method.
There were some differences in nutritional components of fresh Lentinula edodes among the 3 varieties. The crude polysaccharide of X2 was the highest, reaching 31.70%. The protein content of Q2 was 24.07%, which was 18.54% and 16.86% higher than F6 and X2 respectively (P<0.05). The crude fiber of Q2 was 1.62 and 1.65 times that of F6 and X2. The 3 varieties were rich in mineral elements, among which the potassium was the highest, followed by phosphorus. The potassium and phosphorus in Q2 were 20487.80 mg/kg and 6764.23 mg/kg respectively, which were significantly higher than the other 2 varieties (P<0.05). The calcium of Q2 and X2 was 1.81 times and 1.49 times that of F6, and the zinc-copper ratios of 3 varieties were all above 6. The total amino acid content of 3 varieties was 142.11–172.36 mg/g, the glutamic acid content was the highest, the essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid was more than 60%, and the essential amino acid/total amino acid was more than 40%, which belonged to high-quality protein. According to amino acid score, methionine was the first limiting amino acid, the ratio coefficient and chemical score showed that the nutritional balance of amino acid was ordinary level. The fruit body of Lentinula edodes F6 had high hardness and elasticity, and its texture was more suitable for fresh-cut processing than X2 and Q2. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that the quality of Lentinula edodes Q2 was better than X2 and F6.
There are differences among 3 kinds of Lentinula edodes varieties and each has its own characteristics. The comprehensive quality of Lentinula edodes Q2 is the best, which provides a certain reference for the development and utilization of short-age Lentinula edodes varieties.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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