Full
Outline
To screen the differential metabolites of amino acids during the autolysis process of the Coprinellus micaceus by amino acid targeted metabolomics, and analyze the potential pathways of its autolysis process.
The samples of Coprinellus micaceus were collected, the samples were divided into a control group and an autolysis group, with 6 samples in each group, totaling 12 samples. The 24 kinds of amino acids in the samples were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample repeatability and the trend of overall metabolic differences were evaluated through multivariate statistical principal component analysis (PCA). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) maximizes differences between groups and screens for differential metabolites and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis was conducted for the differential metabolites.
Through PCA and OPLS-DA,the contribution rate of principal component 1 (PC1) was 52.6%, and that of principal component 2 (PC2) was 24.1%.The autolysis group (R) and the control group (W) were completely separated, and the amino acid metabolites of Coprinellus micaceus disseminatus during autolysis showed significant differences. Differential metabolites were screened under the conditions of variable importance projection (VIP)≥1, P<0.05, and |log2FC|≥0.58. The differential amino acids during the autolysis of Coprinellus micaceus were ornithine downregulated by 2.7-fold, and tryptophan, citrulline and cysteine upregulated by 1.8-fold, 2.5-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively. Cluster analysis results showed significant differences in amino acid metabolites between the autolysis group and the control group.Cysteine, tryptophan, and citrulline were significantly highly expressed in the autolysis group and stably lowly expressed in the control group, while the expression pattern of ornithine was completely opposite to that of the 3 metabolites. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were extremely significant positive correlations between cysteine, citrulline and tryptophan (P<0.01), while all 3 showed significant negative correlations with ornithine(P<0.05). Enrichment analysis was performed on the significantly different amino acid metabolites. The results showed that the potential core highly enriched pathway in the autolysis of Coprinellus micaceus was the amino acid biosynthesis pathway, the sub-core highly enriched pathway was the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites and the moderately enriched pathways included arginine biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism,glutathione metabolism, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, central carbon metabolism in cancer, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, D-amino acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and cofactor biosynthesis.
Ornithine, tryptophan, citrulline and cysteine are screen and identify as the key differential metabolites in the autolysis process of Coprinellus micaceus. These 4 kinds of amino acid differential metabolites can synergistically regulate the autolysis process of Coprinellus micaceus through multiple potential pathways. The results of this study can provide data support and scientific basis for the preservation and storage of macrofungi, optimization of processing techniques, and comprehensive development and utilization of resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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