Full
Outline
To investigate the aluminum contamination level and its sources in Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products in Southern Shaanxi in 2022—2025, and assess the dietary exposure risk of aluminum from these products.
A total of 109 Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products were systematically collected from Southern Shaanxi. The aluminum content was determined according to GB 5009.182—2017 National food safety standard-Determination of aluminum in foods. The average daily consumption was estimated under 2 kinds of extreme assumptions, namely the tuber consumption estimation method and the dietary fiber recommended intake back-calculation method. Combined with the aluminum content data, the chronic hazard quotient (cHQ) was calculated using the point assessment approach to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of aluminum.
The detection rate of aluminum in 109 samples was 78.0%, with a median content of 28.8 mg/kg. Among the 29 samples with aluminum content exceeding 100 mg/kg, bulk products accounted for 65.5% and non-ready-to-eat products accounted for 86.2%. Under the general consumption level estimated by the tuber consumption estimation method,the cHQ values of all samples were less than 1, indicating acceptable risk. Only when the theoretical consumption(0.0982 kg/d, based on the average recommended intake) calculated by the dietary fiber recommended intake back-calculation method was combined with the 90th percentile (P90) aluminum content (261 mg/kg), the cHQ value was greater than 1, suggesting a theoretical potential risk.
The overall aluminum content in Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products in Southern Shaanxi is relatively low, and conventional consumption by the general population is safe. However, localized contamination is prominent, and bulk non-ready-to-eat products are high-risk categories for aluminum contamination. It is recommended that small workshops and farmers’ markets be taken as key supervision targets to further reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of residents.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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