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Outline
Perchlorate is a typical persistent environmental pollutant that poses a potential health threat by competitively inhibiting iodide transport, thereby interfering with human thyroid function. The complex matrix of animal-derived foods and the trace levels of perchlorate residues present challenges for accurate detection. This review summarized the residual characteristics of perchlorate in animal-derived foods and the advances in detection methods. In terms of residual characteristics, through a systematic analysis of representative literature from the past decade, the residual levels of perchlorate exhibited a distinct pattern across different food categories: The highest concentrations were found in honey, followed by dairy products, eggs and the lowest in livestock and poultry meat.This distribution was closely associated with matrix water content, biological excretion pathways and processing-induced concentration effects. In terms of detection techniques, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were currently the predominant methods. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry offered wide applicability and high sensitivity, while ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry exhibited superior anti-interference capability, making it particularly suitable for complex matrices such as milk and eggs. Sample pretreatment mainly involved acetonitrile for protein precipitation combined with solid-phase extraction. Currently, no uniform standards for perchlorate in animal-derived foods exist domestically or internationally. The residue characteristics and technological status outlined above can serve as a fundamental reference for the selection of monitoring methods and the establishment of regulatory limits.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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