Full
Outline
To establish a method for the system assessment of quality differences of Codonopsis pilosula introduced and cultivated in Xinjiang from the main production areas such as Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Shanxi by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint combined with chemometrics.
An InertSustain C18 chromatographic column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was adopted. Gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 220 nm for tangshenoside I and atractylenolide III and 210 nm for lobetyolinning and lobetyolin.The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL. Methodological validation was carried out.Fingerprints were established for similarity evaluation. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to investigate the quality differences among samples from different producing areas and with different cultivation modes.
The 4 kinds of components exhibited favorable linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges ( r2≥ 0.999).The average spike recoveries ranged from 94.74% to 97.60%, with all relative standard deviation (RSD) values below 3.5%. Significant differences were observed in the content of the 4 kinds of components among 18 batches of Codonopsis pilosula samples. Obvious discrepancies in chemical composition existed between samples from traditional major producing areas and Xinjiang-introduced cultivated Codonopsis pilosula. The fingerprint similarity values ranged from 0.910 to 0.996, and a total of 16 common peaks were calibrated. HCA and PCA could completely distinguish Xinjiang-introduced cultivated samples from those of traditional major producing areas. Tangshenoside I and lobetyolin were screened as core quality differential markers via OPLS-DA. The maximum tangshenoside I content in Xinjiang-introduced samples reached 0.940 mg/g, which was 3.0 times the average value of samples from traditional major producing areas.
The established HPLC method is accurate and reliable. Combined with chemometrics, it can quickly distinguish Codonopsis pilosula from different origins, which is suitable for its quality safety detection and origin identification, and provides a scientific basis for the development and quality control of Xinjiang introduced Codonopsis pilosula.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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