Full
Outline
To investigate the enrichment characteristics and dietary health risks of 8 kinds of heavy metals(Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Tl) in various crops under rotational planting in the same field.
From 2023 to 2025, a total of 38 kinds of rotationally planted crop samples were systematically collected from the field. The heavy metal content was measured, and their enrichment characteristics and differences were analyzed. The monitoring results were evaluated based on the limits specified in the GB 2762—2022 National food safety standards-Limits of contaminants in food and the exposure risks for adults and preschool children were assessed using the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient(THQ) and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) models.
The enrichment capacity of heavy metals in crops exhibited significant category- and element-specific characteristics. Pb and Cd showed stronger enrichment in leafy vegetables (e.g.,lettuce, youmai cabbage, etc); Ni was relatively highly enriched in legumes (e.g., broad beans, peas); Sn was relatively highly enriched in leafy vegetables (e.g., yellow sprout cabbage, youdong cabbage) and some brassica vegetables; As and Cr also demonstrated certain enrichment capabilities in leafy vegetables, though overall pollution levels were low; no significant accumulation of Sb or Tl was observed. Risk assessment indicated that multiple crops (e.g., lettuce, spinach, eggplant, youmai cabbage, celery) showed potential carcinogenic risks for Cd (TCR>10–4). Pb and Cd in lettuce pose potential non carcinogenic risks to children (THQ>1). The exposure risk of Ni from legumes was relatively higher than that from other crops. In particular, broad beans posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to both children and adults.
This study indicates that there are significant differences in the enrichment characteristics and health risks of heavy metals among different crops in crop rotation on the same plot. To ensure the safety of agricultural products and a healthy diet, it is recommended to implement a crop based graded control strategy at the source of farmland avoid and restrict high accumulation varieties of heavy metals, and promote the cultivation of low-accumulation crop varieties; and guide public consumption, especially for children, through dietary guidelines. This approach will help establish a full-chain health protection system from planting to consumption.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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