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Outline
Phytosterols are a class of important triterpene natural active compounds with a cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene nucleus. They are widely used in the fields of functional foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Their accurate analysis is crucial for ensuring the efficacy and quality of products. However, phytosterols in complex matrices show various forms, low contents and numerous isomers. These characteristics bring great challenges to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytosterols. This article systematically reviewed the research progress of phytosterols, covering the pre-treatment methods of samples as well as the quantitative detection and analysis methods. First, this paper reviewed the development status and applicable scenarios of modern pretreatment technologies, from traditional saponification extraction methods to solid-phase extraction,accelerated solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. Then the key analysis focused on the relevant principles and performance differences of gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and their combined techniques with mass spectrometry (MS). It further pointed out that current analytical technologies were developing in the direction of greener and more automated pretreatment methods,multi-dimensional and intelligent detection approaches, and accurate morphological analysis and omics research.This paper systematically reviewed the current research status and development trends of separation and detection technologies, aiming to provide a systematic technical reference and strategic guidance for in-depth research,standard establishment, and industrial application of phytosterols.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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