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Outline
To objectively compare the quality characteristics of Apostichopus japonicus cultivated under the “North-to-South cultivation” model (geographical translocation) versus those from the native Dalian habitat, and conduct a comprehensive quality evaluation.
Using the 2 kinds of dominant market forms—ready-to-eat and dried Apostichopus japonicus—from Dalian (native) and Fujian (“North-to-South cultivation”) as research subjects, comprehensive physicochemical profiling, sensory evaluation and nutritional composition analysis were conducted. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to systematically elucidate the quality differentiation and its material basis between Apostichopus japonicus from different origins.
The geographical environment significantly reshaped the nutritional profiles of the 2 groups. Dalian Apostichopus japonicus exhibited superior lipid quality and amino acid composition, characterized by significantly higher content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and essential amino acids/total amino acids(EAA/TAA), accompanied by a lower atherogenicity index (AI) compared to Fujian Apostichopus japonicus. Conversely, Fujian “North-to-South cultivation” Apostichopus japonicus were distinguished by the accumulation of functional bioactive components, showing relatively higher levels of Apostichopus japonicus polysaccharides, saponins and total sugars. Correlation analysis revealed that the enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contributed to the distinctive fresh “grassy” aroma of Dalian samples, while the accumulation of saponins and sugars formed the mellow “fatty” aroma of Fujian samples. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), based on 10 screened core physicochemical indicators, accurately classified all samples into 4 distinct clusters, effectively identifying characteristic differences driven by origin and processing methods. A principal component analysis (PCA)-based comprehensive evaluation model further confirmed significant “origin-specific” differences in nutritional composition between the 2 groups.
This study elucidates the patterns of quality differentiation caused by the “North-to-South cultivation” model from the perspective of chemical material basis. It reveals distinct origin-based characteristics: Dalian Apostichopus japonicus are defined by high-quality lipids and proteins, whereas Fujian Apostichopus japonicus are characterized by the enrichment of bioactive substances such as polysaccharides and saponins. These findings provide a vital theoretical basis for scientific quality evaluation, product differentiation and deep processing strategies in the Apostichopus japonicus industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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