Full
Outline
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound, as well as a byproduct of fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverages represent the primary pathway for human exposure to EC, which is why many countries have established regulatory limits for EC in these products. Research indicates that the average EC content in various aroma types of Chinese Baijiu ranges from approximately 44.48 to 214.00 µg/L. In contrast,several countries internationally, including Canada, Japan and Brazil, have set the maximum permissible limit for EC in distilled spirits at 150 µg/L. Chinese Baijiu, as a distinctive distilled spirit with a long history, holds a significant position in the domestic consumer market due to its unique color, aroma and taste. Therefore, controlling EC levels in Chinese Baijiu is of great importance. China should promptly establish mandatory standards, guidelines or control measures for EC in Baijiu to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the Baijiu industry and enhance its competitiveness. This article outlined the pathways of EC formation during the raw material, fermentation,distillation and storage stages. It summarized mitigation strategies EC throughout the entire Baijiu production process, providing theoretical guidance for the control of EC in the production process of Baijiu manufacturing enterprises. Additionally, it reviewed the toxicological characteristics of EC and recent advancements in research on mitigating its toxicity, offering new perspectives for studies aimed at reducing the harmful effects of EC on human health.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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