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Objective To investigate the effects of different degree of low substitution degree on the physicochemical properties of potato starch, and apply it to the hard capsule shell to observe the effect of potato acetate starch on its properties. Methods Potato starch was used as raw material and acetic anhydride as esterifying agent to prepare esterification modified starch with different low degree of substitution (0.0143-0.0570). The physical and chemical properties and structural changes of different starch with low substitution degree were investigated, and it was used in the preparation of hard capsule shells. Results Both potato starches with different low substitution degrees and the original starch were shear-thinning type pseudoplastic fluids. The energy storage modulus and loss modulus of modified starch showed an increasing trend, and the storage modulus was larger than that of original starch. Compared with the original starch, the transparency, gel strength and water holding capacity of modified starch were improved. The swelling degree and solubility increased. The esterification reaction of acetic anhydride with potato starch occurred mainly on the surface of starch particles, and did not change the crystallization type of potato starch. The modified starch paste of potato was used to prepare the hard capsule shell and all the indexes met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2020 edition). Conclusion The low substitution degree of acetate starch can improve the performance and application range of natural starch, which is in line with the national food safety standards. The preparation of plant hard capsules instead of gelatin capsules can make up for the shortcomings of natural starch in the preparation process, and it is in line with the standards stipulated in Chinese pharmacopoeia.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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