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Objective To determine the content of 27 kinds of inorganic elements in commercially available Solanum tuberosum L. in Qinzhou City and evaluate the situation of heavy metal pollution. Methods Quantitative analysis of 27 kinds of inorganic elements in Solanum tuberosum L. was conducted using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method from GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard—Determination of multiple elements in foods. The safety of the samples and the distribution of characteristic elements were comprehensively evaluated by combining the single-factor pollution index method, Nemerow comprehensive index method, and chemometrics based on the toxicity of the elements. Results The commercial Solanum tuberosum L. from Qinzhou City contained abundant trace elements, including the essential constants of human body such as Na (7.50-458.20 mg/kg), Mg (66.40-429.40 mg/kg), K (1620.80-7397.60 mg/kg), Ca (15.00-123.60 mg/kg); essential trace elements such as Mn (0.46-5.16 mg/kg), Fe (3.00-142.10 mg/kg), Cu (0.24-1.12 mg/kg); hazardous elements such as Pb (0-0.08 mg/kg), Cd (0-0.03 mg/kg), As (0-0.08 mg/kg), Cr (0-0.32 mg/kg). The hazardous elements Hg, Sn, Ni were not detected. The content of potentially harmful elements was low, indicating good safety. Single-factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive index analyses demonstrated that the single-factor pollution index values and Nemerow comprehensive index values for Pb, Cd, total Hg, total As, and Cr in all samples were less than 0.7, categorizing them as excellent grade with safe pollution levels. Principal component analysis identified Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, As, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Na, Ca and Sr as characteristic inorganic elements. Cluster analysis classified the samples into two major categories. Conclusion The Solanum tuberosum L. are sold in the market in that city, which has a very low content of harmful elements and a low degree of pollution, and the content does not exceed the limit requirements of GB 2762—2022 National food safety standard—Maximum levels of contaminants in foods. Therefore, all the tested Solanum tuberosum L. samples are safe food, and their growing environment is not polluted by heavy metals.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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