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Objective To explore of odor differences and volatile differences between rape honey-adulterated and syrup-adulterated samples and real honey. Methods Different proportions of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% syrup-adulterated and rape honey-adulterated samples were constructed, and the electronic nose technique and headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to analyze the odors and volatiles of the adulterated and authentic honey samples. Results The electronic nose (E-nose) combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) could distinguish different botanical honey of linden honey, jujube honey acacia honey, and could distinguish syrup-adulterated samples from real honey, but could not distinguish rape honey-adulterated samples from acacia honey. The GC-MS results showed that 62 kinds of volatile compounds were identified in acacia honey, linden honey and jujube honey, with the highest content of alcohols in acacia honey, aldehydes in jujube honey, terpenes in linden honey. The content of volatile compounds in combination with sPLS-DA could distinguish 100% acacia honey, 100% linden honey from 5%-30% syrup-adulterated samples and 5%-30% rape honey-adulterated samples. Conclusion The odor analysis and volatiles analysis based on E-nose and GC-MS combined with chemometrics analysis can be used to identify syrup-adulterated and rape honey-adulterated samples. The results of the study provide a reference for honey traceability and adulteration identification studies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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