Objective To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap) and use various data analysis methods to quickly identify the chemical composition of Liubao tea. Methods A Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD aQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm) counm was used with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution (A) and 0.1% formic acid-water solution (B) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. Detection of chemical components in Liubao tea by positive and negative ion mode of electrostatic spray ion source combined with electrostatic field orbital trap detector. Based on accurate mass to charge ratio data from primary high-resolution mass spectrometry, fragment ions from secondary high-resolution mass spectrometry, Thermo Scientific mzCloud network database, Thermo Scientific high-resolution mass spectrometry database for traditional Chinese medicine components, and relevant literature reports, identify the chemical components. Results Rapid analysis was conducted on the chemical components of Liubao tea, and a total of 36 kinds of compounds were identified, included 3 kinds of amino acid compounds, 3 kinds of phenolic compounds, 16 kinds of flavonoids, 1 kinds of lignin compound, 4 kinds of alkaloids, 1 kinds of terpenoid compound, 2 kinds of coumarins, 4 kinds of organic acid compounds, and 2 kinds of other compounds. Conclusion This study apply UPLC-Q-Orbitrap database to analyze the composition of Liubao tea, which can provide scientific basis for further study on the efficacy and flavor substance basis of Liubao tea.