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Objective To establish the qualitative and quantitative methods for water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal, and to analyze the effects of producing areas and climatic conditions on the kinds and content of sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal. Methods High performance liquid chromatography equipped with a refractive index detector was performed to analyze maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose in Cyperus esculentus meal. Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm) sugar-analyzing column was used with a column temperature of 85 °C and a mobile phase of pure water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The D-galactouronic acid in Cyperus esculentus meal was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector. XBridge® Amide 3.5 μm amino column was used with the column temperature of 40 °C. The mobile phase of 0.2% triethylamine water-acetonitrile (20:80, V:V) was used with the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, and the gas pressure was 40 psi, drift tube temperature was 82 ℃ and the gain of 800. Results An analytical method for 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars in soybean oil was established, which had good accuracy and precision. The limits of detection of the 7 kinds of water soluble sugars were 0.02-0.05 μg and the limits of quantification were 0.06-0.10 μg. The content of 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars, including maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose, and D-galactouronic acid in 186 samples from 11 Provinces and regions were analyzed based on the method. The total sugar content in the Cyperus esculentus meal samples ranged from 11.10% to 25.51%, with significant differences among different regions. Samples from Northeast, North, and Northwest of China were higher than those from Southern China. The water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal were mainly sucrose, accounting for 65.48% to 75.85% of total sugar. In addition, maltose, raffinose, and D-galactouronic acid had high content, ranging from 1.01%-2.93%, 0.37%-1.09%, and 1.94%-2.53%, respectively, accounting for 9.11%-12.73%, 1.62%-6.37%, and 7.95%-17.75% of the total sugar content. The content of D-glucose and D-fructose was 0.01%-1.07% and 0.02%-0.78%, respectively, accounting for 0.07%-4.21% and 0.17%-3.28% of the total sugar content, respectively. Except for the samples from Heilongjiang Province, a few amount of D-galactose was also detected in most of other samples. Conclusion This study establish an analysis method for sugar content in Cyperus esculentus meal and investigated the content of water soluble sugars in samples from different producing areas. This provides a basis for breeding and planting research of Cyperus esculentus, and also can offer the guideline to the deep processing of Cyperus esculentus and the preparation and application of carbohydrates.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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