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Objective To rapidly and non-destructively detect aflatoxin in mildly moldy Zea mays using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. Methods Mildly moldy Zea mays samples were selected as experimental materials, with the content of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as the detection indicator. A total of 153 sample images were collected using the NIRS imaging acquisition system. Three kinds of preprocessing methods, including multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate transformation, and moving average smoothing (MAS), were applied to preprocess the raw near-infrared spectral data (RNSD). Backpropagation neural network (BPNN), extreme learning machine, and support vector machine were employed to model and analyze the preprocessed spectral data along with AFB1 content data, evaluating the impact of preprocessing methods on model performance. Furthermore, the stepwise projection algorithm (SPA) was performed to select characteristic spectra from the preprocessed data for comprehensive comparison after incorporating them into the models. Results The optimal spectral preprocessing method was MAS. Ten characteristic spectra were selected through SPA, and the BPNN model exhibited the best prediction results, achieving a coefficient of determination of 0.932 and a relative prediction deviation of 3.922. This model demonstrated good performance and reliability. Conclusion It is feasible to determine AFB1 content in mildly moldy Zea mays using NIRS technology. The findings of this study provide an important reference for the application of NIRS in identifying other agricultural products.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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