In the context of public health awareness and the ongoing enhancement of social living standards, tea polyphenols have garnered significant attention due to their associated health benefits. However, the instability of tea polyphenols and their poor bioavailability—stemming from environmental sensitivity—render them susceptible to oxidation and degradation during processing and utilization. This instability severely impacts the bioactive potential of tea polyphenols, highlighting considerable limitations in their application. Consequently, it is crucial to implement effective strategies aimed at improving the bioavailability of these compounds. The extraction technology employed for tea polyphenols plays a pivotal role in determining their product efficacy and applications. This paper provided a review of the composition, extraction methodologies, and metabolic absorption processes related to tea polyphenols. Furthermore, it summarized recent advancements in enhancing the bioefficacy of tea polyphenols through various nanotechnological systems—including nano-emulsions, nanoparticles, and nano-liposomes. The findings presented herein provide valuable insights for optimizing the utilization and development of products derived from tea polyphenols.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |