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Objective To investigate the extent of lead contamination in commercial foods and assess the health risk from dietary lead intake of the residents in Guangzhou in 2023. Methods In 2023, the 310 samples were collected from 3 food categories in 11 districts of Guangzhou, China. Lead was measured in the samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary exposure to lead was calculated based on the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the health risk of the population was evaluated using the margin of exposure (MOE) method. Results Lead was detected in 83.23% of the overall samples, and the over-standard rate was 0%, with an average lead content of 0.040 mg/kg. The highest lead level was found in bivalves, 0.205 mg/kg. The average daily dietary lead exposure of the whole population and all age groups (3-6 years old, 7-17 years old, 18-59 years old, and 60 years old and above) in Guangzhou and the consumers with high dietary exposure of all age groups (95th percentile P95) were: 0.082, 0.120, 0.097, 0.078, 0.081 μg/(kg·d) and 0.225, 0.330, 0.268, 0.206, 0.226 μg/(kg·d). The contribution of rice and rice products, brassica vegetables, and leafy vegetables to dietary lead exposure was relatively significant. The MOE values for lead in residents of all age groups were greater than 1, with the MOE values for minors being lower than those for adults, particularly among high dietary exposure populations. Conclusion In 2023, there is a certain degree of lead contamination in the food items under close watch in the Guangzhou market. The average dietary lead exposure of residents of all age groups is within the acceptable range. However, it is still necessary to pay attention to key food items and take measures to reduce the dietary lead exposure risk for residents in Guangzhou.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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