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Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination and risk assessment of multi-class pesticide residues in Cucumis sativus L. and Malus pumila Mill. using QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Fruit and vegetable samples were homogenized using acetonitrile as extraction solvent, sodium chloride and anhydrous sodium acetate as salting-out agent, and the supernatant was taken and purified by primary secondary amines (PSA), graphitized carbon black (GCB) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate reagent, and 7 kinds of pesticides were analyzed in 11 min using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column with gradient elution. The potential health risks associated with the consumption of Cucumis sativus L. and Malus pumila Mill. were assessed by calculating the estimated daily intake the estimated dietary intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ). Results The 7 kinds of pesticides exhibited satisfactory linearity within the range of 5‒500 μg/L, with correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The limits of detection were 0.5‒1.0 μg/kg and the limits of quantification were 2.0‒4.0 μg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 71.0% to 118.8% at three different spiked levels, with the relative standard deviations ranging from 3.1% to 12.7%. Concurrently, the HQ values of individual pesticides evaluated from the acceptable daily intake (ADI) were found to be less than 1, and their risks were within acceptable limits. Conclusion The method exhibits high accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, and is suitable for the simultaneous determination of multi-class pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples. Furthermore, the risk assessment results of this study demonstrated that the health risk to individuals from pesticide residues in Cucumis sativus L. and Malus pumila Mill. is within acceptable limits.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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