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Objective To study the Morchella eohespera mycelium extracellular polysaccharides (MEP), purify MEP-H and MEP-N by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography, and analyze their physicochemical properties, hypoglycemic activities, and antioxidant activities in vitro. Methods The physicochemical properties of MEP-H and MEP-N were studied by carbohydrate content determination, analysis of ultraviolet scanning, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The hypoglycemic activities and antioxidant activities of MEP-H and MEP-N were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition rate, α-glucosidase inhibition rate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) cationic free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and superoxide anion scavenging ability. Results The carbohydrate content of MEP-H and MEP-N was (78.12±0.14)% and (77.37±0.03)%, respectively. Hypoglycemic studies showed that at a mass concentration of 0.75 mg/mL, MEP-H and MEP-N had the highest α-amylase inhibition rates, which were (8.06±1.93)% and (11.08±1.05)%, respectively; at a mass concentration of 0.50 mg/mL, MEP-H and MEP-N had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition rates, which were (74.93±2.72)% and (69.48±2.97)%, respectively. Antioxidant studies showed that MEP-H and MEP-N achieved the best DPPH free radical scavenging activity at mass concentrations of 4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, with scavenging rates of (47.54±10.88)% and (47.16±6.91)%, respectively; at a mass concentration of 8 mg/mL, the maximum ABTS cationic free radical scavenging rates of MEP-H and MEP-N were (8.67±0.53)% and (17.00±4.21)%, respectively, the maximum reducing power absorbance values were 0.13±0.004 and 0.17±0.008 respectively, and the maximum superoxide anion scavenging rates were (40.95±6.02)% and (29.87±3.18)%, respectively. Conclusion Both MEP-H and MEP-N, the extracellular polysaccharides from the mycelium of Morchella eohespera, exhibit hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on liquid fermentation of Morchella eohespera.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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