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Mercury is a global environmental pollutant that poses potential threats to ecosystems and human health. Among the various chemical forms of mercury, methylmercury is of particularly concern due to its neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The consumption of aquatic products is a significant source of human exposure to mercury. To ensure food safety, stringent regulations have been established by different countries and regions, specifying the maximum allowable levels of mercury species such as total mercury and methylmercury in aquatic products, as well as the corresponding detection methods. This paper provided a comprehensive summary of the current international regulations on the maximum allowable levels of total mercury and methylmercury in aquatic products, and compared the standard detection methods for methylmercury in different countries. Through comparative analysis, investigated the characteristics of various extraction methods, including acidic, organic reagent, and distillation methods in depth. Additionally, this paper evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of common separation techniques, such as liquid and gas chromatography, summarized the performance of various detection methods, including liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-AFS), liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). These analyses not only revealed the limitations of existing detection methods but also provided a scientific basis and reference for the development and standardization of future methylmercury analytical techniques. This article further outlined the future direction of methylmercury determination in seafood, with the goal of enhancing the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of detection methods to better support food safety.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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