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Objective To investigate the solvent effect differences in the extraction of substances from flower discs of Helianthus annuus L. using non-targeted metabolomics technology, and to explore the impact of different solvent extraction methods on the metabolic composition of flower disc of Helianthus annuus L.. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) combined with non-targeted metabolomics was utilized to preprocess and statistically analyze the data. Results The study revealed that lipids and lipid-like molecules constituted the largest proportion of metabolites (21.5%), followed by shikimate and phenylpropanoid metabolites (13.4%), and organic heterocyclic compound metabolites (11.1%). Further identification led to the discovery of 8407 kinds of up-regulated and 1054 kinds of down-regulated metabolites, highlighting significant differences in metabolite composition resulting from various extraction methods. The main differential metabolites between the 2 kinds of solvent extraction methods encompassed lipids, shikimate and phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, etc., involving 96 metabolic pathways, with 20 pathways exhibiting significant differences. Based on fold change (FC), using criteria of log2(FC)>0.6 or -0.2<log2(FC)<0, and P<0.05 to screen for significantly differential metabolites between alcohol and water extracts, only 11 substances had a log2(FC) value less than 1, indicating that alcohol extraction significantly increased the content of bioactive components extracted from the flower disc of Helianthus annuus L.. Conclusion The research method is simple and reliable, confirming the importance of non-targeted metabolomics analysis in studying solvent effect differences in flower disc of Helianthus annuus L.. It provides a novel approach for the analysis of flower disc of Helianthus annuus L. products and offers theoretical support for the subsequent development of health foods and pharmaceuticals.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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