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Objective To determine the content of 8 kinds of heavy metals, copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) in Astragalus membranaceus and soil samples, and conduct the risk assessment. Methods Thirty-five batches of samples were collected in 5 provinces, namely Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi, for the determination of 8 kinds of heavy metals in the soils of Astragalus and Astragalus origin using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The health risks of Astragalus membranaceus in different intake groups were evaluated by calculating 3 kinds of different risk assessment models, namely, the estimated daily intake, the carcinogenic risk, and the target hazard quotient. Results The recoveries were in the range of 99.1%-108.8% with the relative standard deviations in the range of 0.445%-5.720%, which indicated that the accuracy and precision of the method were good. The average heavy metal content of the 35 batches of Astragalus membranaceus was Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd and Hg, and no exceedance of heavy metals complied with the limit standards for heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicines in the 2020 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. The results of the 3 kinds of risk assessments showed that the health risk of heavy metal content of Astragalus membranaceus for different groups of people was within the acceptable range. Conclusion The contamination of heavy metals in Astragalus membranaceus is widespread, and the development of the Astragalus membranaceus industry is still potentially risky. In order to ensure the medicinal safety of Astragalus membranaceus, the prevention and control of heavy metals in Astragalus membranaceus shall be carried out in the future from the planting source of Astragalus membranaceus, the processing method, and other aspects of Astragalus membranaceus.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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