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Objective To analyze the contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives in various cereals and their products and assess the dietary exposure risks. Methods A total of 435 commercially available grain samples of various types were collected from 2021 to 2023. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (84:16, V:V), purified by the 226 purification column, and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Quantification was performed using the isotope internal standard method. The dietary exposure risk of DON for residents was assessed based on adult dietary consumption levels.Results Among the 435 samples, the detection rate of DON was the highest, reaching 90.6%. The average detection value of DON in dried noodle samples was the highest, reaching 244.8 μg/kg. The dietary exposure amounts of DON were different for residents of different genders. The acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of DON in pasta products such as dried noodles and wheat flour for adult males were higher than those for adult females. The chronic exposure risk of DON caused by dried noodles was higher than that of other food categories; however, the acute exposure risk of DON to adult males and females caused by wheat flour were 8.84 μg/(kg·bw) and 8.34 μg/(kg·bw). Conclusion The detection rate of DON is the highest among different grain foods. Meanwhile, the concentration of DON in wheat flour poses a relatively high acute exposure risk to adult men and women. The contamination situation of DON shouldall be highly emphasized, in particular, attention shall be paid to the acute exposure risk of wheat flour to residents, which provides a reference for the risk assessment of DON in grains and subsequent research.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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